Biological basis of depression | Behavior | MCAT | Khan Academy
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 ก.ค. 2024
- Created by Matthew Barry Jensen.
Watch the next lesson: www.khanacademy.org/test-prep...
Missed the previous lesson? www.khanacademy.org/test-prep...
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: / @khanacademymcatprep
Subscribe to Khan Academy: th-cam.com/users/subscription_...
![รวมเพลงลูกทุ่ง 6 หนุ่มไทบ้าน ฮิตติดกระแส ชุดที่ 1 l มนต์แคน ไมค์ ไผ่ เสถียร ไหมไทย พี [Longplay]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/GD2v1OjMw5I/mqdefault.jpg)
I am a neuroscientist and know all these things in much more detailed and complicated ways. But I have to teach to undergrads from non-science backgrounds and I often find myself not knowing how to convey these ideas without being too much obnoxious. Thankfully in some cases these khan academy videos provide me correct guidelines. It's sad that they stopped the whole process of making these videos.
The fact that you are looking for other resources to find a way to convey complicated terms to your students in a way they can understand is amazing. I hope that you see this. You are amazing for this, please never give up.
Well, they need more support
Bullshit...
Y'all need some philosophy
People who don't have Clinical Depression think they get it,but chances are,they don't. It can be a very lonely private hell.
Am I paying for what I've done in the past? Don't know why the void keeps getting bigger. I just want to runaway from everything. My job, family, university all are thin threads that keep me from jumping off a cliff. Nitrogen is best but is illegal in my country. Helium cannisters don't come in the sizes I want. If I study medicine or peripheral subjects, I may be able get a lethal dosage. Keep stressing myself out when people trust me, and betray them this is cowardice and utterly disgusting. Ending it all is the only option.
I was diagnosed with major depression at 19, I'm 64 now. Have been on Antidepressants most of my life.. As someone said it's an awful private hell.
Antidepressants don’t work as they should, but they kept you dependent on them. It’s best to come off them.
@@shawnleong3605 Not for me it isn't
@@houndmother2398 have antidepressants worked for ur mood since u been taking them 19? If they have helped with your mood, does your body build tolerance to the dosage?
@@AbuBakar-pz9ro In psychiatry there is a term called " the poop out effect'" meaning that if a patient has been on a certain antidepressant with a positive outcome, at some point it is possible that the medication will seem to not work. This is not tolerance to medication. At this point the psychiatrist will change medication often the new medication targets different neurotransmitters such as switching from Prozac which targets serotonin specifically to Effexor (serotonin and norepinephrine), Wellbutrin (norepinephrine and dopamine') or add an adjunctive medication that can be used in combination with the antidepressant. In more severe treatment resistant cases of depression electroconvulsive therapy may be considered. There other treatment modalities on the horizon such as TMS.
We're inching our way closer to understanding major depression but I think cures are way over the horizon. Certainly not in my lifetime. I'll hobble on.
"no consistent abnormalities that have been seen in the tissues of these patients?"
What about the shrinking of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus? the amygdela? come on that's common!
Well, if you are reading researches on depression, you would know that the heterogeneity of symptoms in depression have led to failure of discovering any consistent bio markers. Basically when he says what you have quoted, you need to emphasize on "consistent" like in any physical illness where one specific abnormalities can be identified, in depression there is no consistent abnormalities. One can have depression with one abnormality and not the other. I hope I'm making sense
@@NidhiSinha4U Thanks for the clarification!
Well explained
great details, thanks
Thank you for these videos..they really have helped!!
Tasha Bates
Physiology exam in 14 hours.
So, how was it?
LOOOOOOOOOOOL
The Amygdala seems to be the area where severe anxiety comes from, from what I've read.
The whole limbic system and its relation (signaling) with the HPA axis. If we're talking anxiety as a dissorder. But anxiety is a whole different disorder to depression, even though it often accompanies the depressive disorders and vice versa.
Bro, I love the way you explain. I couldn’t explain it better. But a bit of a positive feedback, if you don’t mind me sharing: try to use a more varied tone.
This will keep people mor engaged . Content is top notch, but we as scientists and science communicators wanna make people feel enthusiastic about this
「もっと多くの人が必要なので、このビデオをもっと
Very informative! Thank you so much! 😃😃 19/3/2019
This educational video is so depressing, the narrator itself triggered my anxiety !
Why does the lecturer sound depressed himself?
i do not know
sorry i couldnt answer
please forgive
@kptinscompletely agree with you
Lol
This guy's voice reminds me of the Animaniacs cartoon, 'Chairman of the Bored'.
Hey. What are your resources?
Do your research and see his credentials, nub. Cant have people hold your hand for the rest of your life. I'm pretty sure his resources are accredited.
Matthew B. Jensen, MD, MS, is an Assistant Professor of Neurology at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. He holds a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Iowa and a Master of Science degree in clinical investigation from the University of Wisconsin. He’s complete his neurology residency at the University of Iowa and his vascular neurology fellowship at the University of California, San Diego
To be fair, it's a very good question. Lots of people are interested in seeing other sources of information. So that they can do more research into the topic as they see fit. Don't be so judgmental, and where did you get credentials from resources?
This video was extremely vague. Essentially came down to “the front half of the brain isn’t as active as it should be” and “ monoamine’s might be low for some reason.” Major depressive disorder isn’t an actual disease, it’s a collection of symptoms that can be caused by all different kind of physiological issues. For example, 30 to 50% of people that meet criteria for MDD have unusually high inflammation in the brain and periphery, and many studies over the past 20 to 30 years have shown that inflammation in the brain specifically causes depression in some. This is easily measured by drawing a high sensitivity CRP, a ubiquitous, simple, cheap lab. People with a CRP over 1-3 do NOT do well on SSRIs. They respond better to noradrenergic antidepressants like Wellbutrin and anti-inflammatory or anti-neuro inflammatory interventions, such as Remicade, EPA, or even NSAIDs like celecoxib. Minocycline has also been shown to improve depression in people with inflammatory depression.
In short, it boggles my mind that there’s all of this research on the cytokine or inflammatory theory of depression, and there’s all of this data showing that you can target care for your patients more effectively by investigating inflammatory markers in their blood, yet none of the physicians I work with seem to care. Once I’m finished with my training I am going to use these concepts and tools to improve patient care. I refuse to simply just prescribe someone an antidepressant before turning over every stone I know of to look for actionable causes.
Hello what can one take for inflammation?
So… mind an update? Because, if you actully managed to dvelop a labtest for depression, you are pretty much guarenteed a nobel award.
psilocybin cubensis and an fMRI
I would say serotonin receptors under sensitivity due to the addictive dopaminergic addictions in are society.
Actual video starts at 1:39
W/all due respect 2 the medical field, mental health conditions (including depression) r NOT CHEMICAL IMBALANCES @ ALL; THEY R ENVIRONMENTAL IMBALANCES (read: HOW OTHER PEOPLE HANDLE & TREAT U). When some1 gets abused (especially but not limited 2 verbal, mental, emotional, & sexual), it's natural human instinct 2 stand up 4 1's self & fight back. More often than not, the person being abuse, assaulted, bullied, & harassed gets punished 4 displaying "inappropri8 behavior" while defending himself/herself from the abuse, bullying, & harassment committed against him/her by other people. As a result, the person being abused, bullied, & harassed often gets put on psych meds 2 "control" his/her behavior 4 defending himself/himself while being abused, bullied, & harassed by others. That's y mental health issues r often dismissed & disregarded bc it's so much easier 2 MEDIC8 THAN COMMUNIC8!!!!!
The chemical imbalance hypothesis has been debunked. Medication should not be the first line of therapy, and most often than not does not solve the issue.
@@Yamoukawchowa Bravo, my friend. BTW; u wanna know who actually DEBUNKED that FBS? A PSYCHIATRIST!!!!! His name's Dr. Peter Breggin & along w/psychologist Dr. David Cohen, Dr. Breggin wrote a book called "Your Drug May Be Your Problem: How & Why To Stop Taking Psychiatric Medications". That book was my basis as 2 how & y I stopped taking psych meds. Unlike 3 cold-turkey attempts prior, I weaned off them by slow reduction (albeit w/o my psychiatrist's approval). That's bc he (my psychiatrist) was very adamant that my condition REQUIRED MEDS w/o any RE: of "side" effects. When my mom passed away in early 2011, I was unable 2 grieve properly. Ironically, she also believed the FBS by psychiatrists RE: ME (likewise w/my dad, my sister, & the majority of my relatives/friends). Needless 2 say, I'm estranged from my family & majority of my friends bc of this FBS. Once again; thank u 4 being in complete agreement w/me. BTW; I do highly recommend the a4mentioned book by Drs. Breggin & Cohen as it's further proof of what u just said.
@@Yamoukawchowa Thank u just as well. BTW; I'm also familiar w/Dr. Peter Gotzsche.
@@Yamoukawchowa In the midst of watching the Dr. Gotzsche feature. He rein4ces what Dr. Breggin wrote about per his book (along w/Dr. Cohen) that I mentioned in a previous comment. Thanks again 4 the recommendation.
This guy sounds depressed.
No just not overly excited as is the norm in todays society
^ 2 types of people in this world
@@Tiffany-ov2jf there's a happy medium I would say
I dont like khan academy videos becuase he repeats himself all the time. It's very annoying.. Animations and a fast engaging narration style would help. The low number of likes on his videos are a proof that not many people find this content style engaging
You use the word “often” when describing meds that help those w depression. Why are you not aware of Irving Kitsch’s work on efficacy of anti-depressants? I would not include the word often when describing the experience of those taking these meds on how helpful they are. The evidence strongly suggests otherwise. Also, the serotonin deficiency theory has been discredited - please be more responsible in your presentations.
Steve Stevens im guessing you havent seen the antidepressant meta analysis that came out in 2018? Also, kirsch’s meta analysis did not take into account that perhaps 25% of patoents on SSRIs feel WORSE than placebo. This cancels out a lot of the “umph” from the effect size. One study on duloxetine took this concept into account, and once they removed the fourth of patients that were made WORSE on the med, the positive effect vs placebo as much more pronounced. Also, there has literally never been any study on antidepressants that I am aware of that was simply medication versus placebo. And all these studies patients have doctors appointments every 7 to 14 days for months. Speaking with front desk personnel, nurses showing they care, and physicians all asking you about how the patient is feeling, is all essentially THERAPY. Even without something structured like CBT, all of these positive and nurturing interactions at their many follow up appointments have a robust antidepressant affect. In fact there are studies showing that up 50% of the improvement in depression in both active meds and placebo arms might be able to be attributed to the therapeutic alliance instead of the placebo or antidepressant itself. The reason this is important, is because anti-depressant effects from different interventions are not necessarily additive. All of this strongly suggests that if one was to create a study comparing an antidepressant to placebo with no healthcare interactions or follow up appointments (and instead had the patients fill out surveys or a chat with the investigators over the Internet or something similar) The study would likely show a much more robust affect.
So in short, the med analysis on antidepressants in 2008 clearly show antidepressants are better than placebo, the fact that up to a fourth of patients actually do worse on antidepressants then on placebo cancels out some of the effect size of the antidepressant for those that actually responded really well, and the therapeutic relationship and informal therapy sessions that study participants have every week or two during the course of a trial is going to be a profound confounder that will lower the effect size of the antidepressant compared to placebo.
Having said all that, SSRIs are much weaker and poop out much easier than alter antidepressants like monoamine oxidase inhibitor‘s. Overall As a physician I don’t really like them that much. The most unifying theory of depression is Neuroinflammation and patients would likely do better on targeted personalized treatments targeting their inflammation if they happen to have an inflammatory depression then on something like an SSRI, which is a very blunt tool
“Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved” (Acts 16:31). “If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved” (Romans 10:9). “By grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Ephesians 2:8-9). “I have been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me” (Galatians 2:20). “I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things and count them as rubbish, in order that I may gain Christ” (Philippians 3:8).
Idiot! Why has there always somebody mixing religion in to science? Stupid!
I think reality today and Real Life hard times cause depression not brain always. God heals us not medications always. Why should I taking medication to believe it ...?
Aili Randmäe As opposed to those easy times in the past where people died at 30? Your brain is a chemical machine. It needs chemical treatment.
anti vax dumbass