[Borneo] Kingdom of Sarawak - a short history
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 ก.ย. 2024
- James Brooke became the very first White Rajah, the ruler of the Kingdom of Sarawak. A beloved leader or a British colonizer? Find out in this video about the history of Sarawak.
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Recorded on the 12th of July 2016 in Kuching, Malaysia.
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
"Indore" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
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Charles Brooke was my great-grandfather. It feels strange to have that history in my family. I hope to visit Sarawak some day. It looks so beautiful.
Awesome. Thanks for sharing. Go there I'd say. Great place to visit.
Welcome
ur relative Jason Brooke always comes to Sarawak…to preserve the Brooke’s family history n legacy
Crazy how ur entire life could be different if they decided to stay less than a hundred years ago.
Wonder y u don't know u the royalty descendant of ur great grandfather james brooke the ever famous adventurer that became king in the jungle fill land of sarawak where at that time was just a small territory in the brunei sultanate empire. Maybe they thought that it isnt anymore grand to about since your ancestor charles vyner brooke decided to reliquish his kingly position surrender the bigger sarawak state to the british crown and so it happen they and you is just a commoner in this present day. What a sad miss opportunity to be a part of the ruling rotating monarchies in malaysia now.
Recently I went back kuching and I check on my nephew school history textbook,mostly west Malaysia history, how do they expect young generation of sarawakian to know about sarawak history, sarawak ministry of education should take notes.
Thanks for the comment. Very interesting to read! And looking at how much views this video has a lot of people are interested in the history of Sarawak?
that's a smart move, if Sarawakian does know about our own history, our next step will be claiming back our rights, including the petroleum one
Same thing with sabah, I barely know much of my own people's history by reading history books.
The only source I can use to learn about my own history is through my grandparents and parents but since they are getting older it seems that most of our history will be lost with them, untold stories from when they were younger
right that's why i do alot of research myself as a 14 year old kid. for me its kinda unfair bc they don't taught us abt our own state history also includes sabah history. it's mostly abt west malaysia history. despite them acknowledging our history, we still have the most unity spirit
Where do you live now? I am from Kuching too but has lived in England since 1991
It takes a white man to explain the partial history of my own country for an upcoming university assignment because I really have no idea. Much thanks for the very digestible bite-sized information and love love love.
You're welcome!
I am Sarawakian and I am proud of it...I hope Sarawak can get its prosperity back like the moment kingdom of Sarawak.
Its good to be proud of your roots. Yet, considerer overall life standards have been improved since the past decades.
Thanks for ur comment. But no exactly, something hides behind it since Sarawak join Malaysia. so, we hope something fair back to us.
Prosperity Kingdom of sarawak?? Why broke sold sarawak to England ? All sawarak native fighting independent from England. Did you know that?
@@koboi5 because they r near bankrupt after ww2 they didnt have money to maintaining them after ww2
@@koboi5 very true...
And remember when Japanese Army approaching Sarawak, 1st thing Rajah Brooke and family do were packing and run away to Australia!
Is that kind of leader we should rely on? And yet still some sarawakians still think they were in 'good old days' during Rajah period...so sad!
I'm British, I grew up in Borneo and I'd consider it my home, for what it's worth. Sarawak is still the place I most feel at home...
Thanks for sharing.
I'm From Sarawak, and I'm very glad that Sarawak is a home for you, just wish sarawak has more recognition from the world, The Japanese and communist are the reason why Sarawak form into Malaysia
Very informative! Been researching the history of the white rajah since three years and this somehow helps a lot ! thank you so much!
You're welcome, glad you like it!
y all this history legend tale been hide out from sarawakian for so long
Malaysia tells a different story about the Brookes where they exploited us and portrays pirates and rebels as heros.
@@ralffe3465 Yes it's true indeed
British fooled us to form the federation of Malaysia together with North Borneo (Sabah), Malaya and Singpore but Brunei insist to be alone. Singapore left then Sabah and Sarawak was downgraded from a country (equal partner) to 12th and 13th states same with other state in Malaya.
I see.
Also stealing oil and gas from sabah and sarawak more than 50 years！！！！
Brunei dodged the bullet. Singapore is big boi now. Sabah and Sarawak are one of those late bloomer twins
@@Next.ticket-9099 Shut up china
@@hazelnad5658 balik indon
I hope suport that sarawak becomes an independent country.
#sabahsarawakmerdeka
I remember when I flew from Kuala Lumpur to Kuching I got myself a Sarawak stamp in my passport. So it has a certain amount of autonomy. It might be good to also look at the good things of being in the federation of Malaysia.
One day we all gonna be free from the evil government
@@HistoryHustle how i want trace someone name from Brooke history...Philip E Cox...
if someone asks me where i live in public ill say im a police sergeant in the Kingdom of Sarawak
@@schlymfrainkestxchieftains2623 me too
Although James Brooke handled Sarawak better than the much hated Vyner Brooke, our grandfather's generation who lived during WW2 mostly held a common opinion, that the locals used to call James Brooke 'Raja Beruk' (Meaning 'Monkey King' in the local tongue). Unlike what history books say, the elders during their time don't regard James as hero at all. Knowing how winners always write the history, I was not surprised.
Well, I believed that too you know: winners write the history. Then TIK from TIK History inspired me:
"History is not written by the victors, but written by those with the most consistent and compelling arguments based on the evidence, backed by a healthy dose of rational logic and passion for debate. The key is not to apologize for any side but to take a firm stand for what's right and what's wrong."
If you read about the Anti Cession Movement, the native people of Sarawak loves the Brooke and they resist Sarawak become a British Colony in 1946. Read more
I'm from 🇵🇭 and if Sabahans and Sarawakans wanna be a country, I say let them. ❤️❤️
Alright.
Sarawakian here. I don't know about that. I mean, for sure we will be rich because we have petroleum. But then again, we all gonna lose our job after that because most of the company here are originated from Malaya. Like Proton, Perodua, and Petronas.
@@the_notorious_puppet then the people will rebuild their own economy. Is Sarawak really independent if its actually dependent on Malaya for security, economy & administration?
@@the_notorious_puppet don’t forget Sarawakian also a part of Malaysian Armed Forces, both Malaya and Borneo state will be destabilised. Perfect for foreign intervention.
@@the_notorious_puppetWe're not depending on the Foreign stranger country, we are depend on our future, idea, and many things, so stop blarney gibberish you bloody panzy
Here's the difference
Serawakians:love James Brooke
Bruneians: Hate him with a strong and fiery passion
Interesting.
Funny cuz I'm Sarawakian, I love Brunei and James Brooke era
But in fact, I'm deadly honestly telling the truth, I love James Brooke even more
i love it bro, i hope youll continue you search, i want more.
Thank you, I have some more videos about the history of Borneo:
th-cam.com/video/L4Gpj3YaYZY/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/tTmUrXo66uU/w-d-xo.html
Recently some longer and more indepth videos about Indonesia under Dutch rule are being released!
I am Sarawakian ;)
me to im from sarawak:)
Cool!
Me too
Sabah and Sarawak is a Country..
Was a country :P
You're not happy being part of Malaysia?
Here is fun
@@HistoryHustle no body happy being part of malaysia,we want out of malaysia
@rchl _ Ok homie, listen. you guys were ruled by brunei and was given to James, a british white man and was actually a country for once but now you are a state of malaysia whether you like it or not. only now sabah and sarawak are searching for independence so ur on a stepping stone to becoming a country again. You can call yourself a country but the reality is you are not and no matter what you say, other countries will always see you as a part of malaysia. Break out. find a leader. BECOME a country first and for god sake clean your fucking toilets. i've been there and the toilets are my only complaints
Handling Sarawak to the United kingdom was a violation of the atlantic charter. Hope sawarak would be independent and have a new rajah.
We'll see...
Someone is in waiting, Jason Brooke will be Sarawak new rajah after independent from Malaya
Sarawak is a beautiful country.
It is!
@@tengkorakmengamuk7846 no
@@tengkorakmengamuk7846is a Country bro, not a state,
You are right, Brooke's never exploited us by sending resources here back to Britiain but provided us with necessities until we were given to the British due to WW2.
Thanks for watching.
Nice short video. I have been binge-watching your videos, especially the Indonesians and Dutch videos. Good channel overall.
>James Brooke became the 1st White Rajah in History
Not exactly. That "honour" goes to Alexander Hare, the white rajah of Maluka (South East of Bandjarmasin). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hare
I put in quotation mark because he was not a good person.
You brought up the differences between Sarawak and Dutch Borneo. The inhabitants also reacted differently to their respective colonial masters after WW2 ended.
In Sarawak, things generally went back to normal. The White Rajah birthday was celebrated. British officers returned back to their posts with ease.
In Dutch Borneo... bamboo spears were sharpened, non-cooperation were everywhere, and the Dutch had a big old mess.
Do I want a return to the rule of the White Rajah? No, of course not. But I am grateful for them. I am grateful it were the British that came, and not the Dutch.
Side comment: I also watched your Sabah video too. In the early 20th century, some blokes in the North Borneo Company wanted to implement the cultuurstelsel like in the Dutch colonies to raise more money. That idea was quickly shot down by the shareholders.
Thanks and thanks for providing this additional information!
Sabah dan Sarawak boleh memerintah sendiri tapi kuala lumpur pada masa itu tidak senang mendengarnya
I do understand there are still some tensions between Sarawak/Sabah and the Malaysian government on the peninsula (a.k.a. Kuala Lumpur).
sarawak sabah dan suku suku lain harus bikin negara sendiri seperti sarawak sabah dan brunai ,kalteng kalsel kaltim dan kaltara kapan ya hehe🤔🤔🤔
@@HistoryHustle because of taik mahmud and Musa Aman
Bagusla mcm tu..salahkn kuala lumpur je. Bkn salahkn seluruh semenanjung yg x bersalah.
Menteri pun ada sabah sarawak juga tapi tetap useless semua salahkn semenanjung je, yg bangunkn negeri sdiri tu org sdiri..rakyat sdiri yg noob x nk usaha
If sarawak become independant country, who knows in future..
Who knows...
and then seize by other countries ..like China..bravooss
It depends on us
James Brooke is the only explorer to turned into a king after solving a conflict
True
YES we still have our own language! Sarawak Malay isn't a dialect, it is a language!
Amirul Firdaus Abdul Azib bahasa indonesia ka dialect indonesia?
True, it's a language.
Wow. Interesting. I've just learned this in my 5th Grade chapter and searched for this. This is most useful! Thanks! I'm Bruneian btw
Cheers! I've also visited Brunei and made a video:
th-cam.com/video/-RtHjPvZ63Q/w-d-xo.html
Yes, I as a Singaporean fully support the independence of Sarawak! And I am also grateful, we have been free from them (Malayans) for a long time. Sarawak (and Sabah too!) rise from your doldrums to a surprising revival! Free your land from their insane grip. Join the spirit of 'Sarawak for Sarawakians!' as Lee Kuan Yew did to Singapore before my country was kicked by those bastards. 🇸🇬🖤❤️💛 & 🤍💙❤️!
Malaya kick off singapore because tunku abdul rahman think singapore don't have source to make malaya rich so he kick off singapore.. But the good things is Lee kuan yew not give up after that and he try his best to make singapore country become more successful.. And now when Singapore already become rich country now malaya claiming Singapore is his country😂 when i was working in star cruise in superstar Libra that time, one uncle from Singapore asking me where i was came from? And i just tell him that i was from sabah and the uncle said sabah is so rich with forestry and oil and gas, and he said pitty to sabah.. If not sabah now already become like singapore..
@@sheedysuil3146 hmmm, what you said is also true
I wonder what what the people of Sarawak thought about their new 'white raja'. Also, you say that Brooke didn't really exploit the local population in the way that the Dutch did, but I'm curious about what this exploitation looked like (what they did), and how Brooke was any different. Do you have any books to recommend about the region at that time, or anywhere I can find out more about the attitudes of the locals? Thank you!
Can't say about the books. I believed the locals kinda liked him since he seemed to be benavolent.
@@HistoryHustle Not really..he called the locals "pirates" just as an excuse to get rid of them..do you know the story of Rentap? He wanted to fight for the freedom of his people but Brooke just didn't like people getting in their way..so I'm not really sure if the locals really did like it when the Brookes came
It depends but the majority doesn't really hated the Rajah that much as any other British colony. After the WW2, the local native even try to stop the British government from turning Sarawak into a crown colony by attempting to put Anthony Brooke as the new Rajah.
@@utmostzen9602Rentap is not really the freedom as in an independence state but rather the freedom to do whatever they wanted (headhunting, raiding villages, waging tribal war) without the constraint created by the Brooke government since they banned the practice of headhunting
@@fabrypatrick3907 Brooke came and destroy their villages at Skrang River in the first place, called them pirates eventhough they are the original locals...that raised animosity and hatred towards Brooke
Wake up sarawak.kita mampu bina nagara kita sndri.sarawak for sarawak'an
Translated: "
Wake up sarawak. We are able to build our country for free"
Tidak semudah yg dikata bro.
@@izzarah9629 Best comment so far
Cepat sikit keluar dari Malaysia, menyusah kan je ada dalam Persekutuan Tanah Melayu.. Elok korang kena jajah dengan Indonesia lagi bagus
@@user-kg7oc4qs1p Knp marah2 ni??? Ko ni org dr negeri yg nk sgttt jd negara tu ka? Dh nk sgt keluar malaysia jd aku suruh la berambos cepat2...
I'm from Sarawak
Ok!
SARAWAK = DOLLAR CURRENCY
Interesting, I paid there with Malay currency.
Do more history about Sabah and can Sabah become an independent country
th-cam.com/video/qOcBzEp9j0s/w-d-xo.html
Sarawak adalah tanah asli suku dayak.Ini terbukti dengan penemuan deep skull Gua niah yang berusia 40 ,000 tahun sebelum masihi adalah milik suku dayak Iban.Tetapi sayang banyak sejarah tentang suku asli sepeeti di tenggelamkan .Contohnya keberadaan kerajaan dayak kuno Di Tampun Juah yang dikenal juga sebagai pengaruh hinduisme senagai kerajaan Wijayapura dari dayak iban.Malah kewujudan kerajaan dayak manyan Nan sarunai sebelum ditawan oleh penjajah majapahit dari sumatera di borneo selatan juga banyak yang tidak mengetahui..yang diketengahkan adalah sejarah kerajaan bukan suku asli seperti sejarah kerajaan brunei ,majapahit,sriwijaya,james brooks,british dan kependudukan Jepun yang banyak ditulis dalam sejarah.Tetapi sejarah suku asli langsung tidak utarakan
English please/
@@HistoryHustle Sarawak is the native land of the Dayak tribe. This is evidenced by the discovery of a deep skull Gua niah that was 40,000 years ago AD belongs to the Iban Dayak tribe. also as the influence of hinduism as the kingdom of Wijayapura from dayak iban. Even the existence of the dayak kingdom manyan Nan sarunai before being captured by the colonizers of majapahit from sumatra in south borneo james brookes, british and the Japanese population which is much written in history.But the history of the indigenous tribes is not at all mentioned
@@fairyluvv4849 thanks for the translation bro👍
Sarawak is already achieved independence for 61 years since 16th September 1963,it is the time to publish Sarawak full measure of self-government Sarawak Dollars .
Thanks for sharing.
Nice video
Thanks.
the owner of kingdom of Sarawak will be home soon this year.
Really?
@@HistoryHustle Inshaa Allah.
this time the sarawak become an independent country, inshaa Allah.
@@delyusop4341 We'll see!
@@-S-1 Brunei kingdom has nothing to do with sarawak anymore after death of Sultan tengah who ruled a tiny kampung area in Kuching. Sultan brunei himself could not rule sarawak and handed it over to james Brooke
we want independence from malaysia we want this whole island of borneo become 1 country, but not rule under muslim world, and we dont want it. we want our island just like australia and new zealand example
Independence from Malaysia I've heard before. An independent Borneo state is new for me. Interesting.
Yeah agree
Now this is something i can agree with. Not Malaysia. not Sarawak or Sabah or Brunei. Just one whole Borneo Nation
Indonesia would take sawarak and annex it by force like the way they did to Papua and East Timor.
@@anthonymanderson7671 they can try
thks for history sharing ....appreciated it .....pls support ya
Thanks for your reply.
Hail to the king!!!
Ok👍
We want independent!!!
I've noticed there is a great wish for independence. Yet, Sarawak has some atonomy within the Malaysian Federation.
@@HistoryHustle dont listen to him... some of them have own propaganda ..
@@lapizaini5218 In fact, many people want Sarawak to be a country because the treatment that Sarawak should be can not be met. Sarawak did not get the 33% of gas and oil revenue they should have received from the MA63 agreement
@@fairyluvv4849 yup. but not mostly. only a few who think they a "important" to sarawak...
Komunis sila balik ke negara asal anda
SARAWAKIAN BORNEO
ok
I love British Colonial Rule. I love my country Sarawak. I'm anak Sarawak.
👍
I’m a descendent of the Brookes
Cool!
great.
Thanks!
apa apa jadi pada sarawak walaupun kena perang ke,eropah datang bantu..sarawak masih lagi salah satu empire eropah uk 🇬🇧 sarawak for sarawakians✊✊MA63 perjanjian sarawak..
English please.
@@HistoryHustle I will help you translate,he said if Sarawak at war, EU will help because Sarawak is still part of empire of EU (Even if we far from EU but for example like Australia, EU will help Australia if Australia in trouble).
To me Borneo should be 1 country. Brunei, Sarawak, Sabah & Kalimantan. But Indonesia gonna make Kalimantan as capital.
Wonder how the new capital is gonna be..
No, the capital city will be Jesselton (Known as Kota Kinabalu)
Shame no effort to show the town of Kuching for example. Just standing and giving a lecture not very interesting
Ok.
Sarawak exit Indonesia be like : heheheh now it's time
wanna know deeper about James Brooke any book you recommend ?
Sorry, can't tell.
•My life in Sarawak 1913 by Ranee Margaret (Queen of Sarawak)
•The white Rajahs: A history of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946 by Steven Runciman
•The story of Panglima Nikosa 1876 by Ahmad Syawal Abdul Hamid (local)
•Sarawak Gazette (1870-Now) just about Government Record and Stuff
What do u mean we don't have our own flag?
Did I say that? Sarawak has its own flag.
@@HistoryHustle yea lol atleast u added the flag in 😹
If sabah and sarawak come out of malaysia... The Philippines and Indonesia will colon their countries. 😥
I see.
@History Hustle
If sabah and sarawak come out of Malaysia
Sabah to become part of Philippines
Sarawak will be part of Indonesia
😥
I understand.
@@aqil6490
Dreaming. Commonwealth countries like British and Australia will help. Dont think nonsense. Sarawak got own army before joined federation of malaya. The most fearful sarawak Rangers helped Malaya win over communists.
That not gonna happen if they really wanna get colon by us sarawak back.
Some peoples comment like don't have brain? That there learn about history of confrontation Malaysia-Indonesia when Malaysia was attack by Soekarno .As we know, now minister of defense Indo is Prabowo Subianto. If Sarawak or Sabah out from Malaysia probably Indonesia with top 16 most powerful army in the world and first Asean country of economy increase will take chance to invade Sarawak. When Malaysia was attack by Indo our government ask help with Commonwealth country , nowadays if Sarawak attack again with whom there want to?
Hope it won't come to that.
China, america, Indo and philipines too.. They are craving for sabah and sarawak land from the past.. But we sure, brunei and peninsular will not just watching..
First of all, we won't ask for a independent, we just need an oil, PIECE OF BLOODY OIL,
Let us build our economy, building, army, and the situation before came to independent, what's the point of being independent without a better government and economy? If we got all of that stuff we wish, we'll declare independence once again, once they attack, we'll kick their asses out just like how we save your Lazy ass against the communism along with the Australian folks, but we also need a international government recognition too for a New country
Indonesia said Sarawak is Kalimantan barat ,, is indonesian
sarawak is dayak land. not malay. am i right?😁
Valentino Nsh nope... sarawak is for all
Valentino Nsh Sarawak is for all. 'Bangsa Sarawak'.
Sarawak is a land of diversity and unity not racism
Valentino Nsh Yes sarawak is a Land for sarawakian People including all races in it
Well, I think what he means is that Dayaks need to have more rights over thier homeland and state. The Dayak people are silently going extinct. Malays promote conversion to Islam which forces us to give up our culture. And also they dont teach Iban and other Dayak languages in School and force us to prioritze Malay over our mother tongue. I am half Iban-Bidayuh and know neither language and have many friends that dont either. And we need to have exclusive land rights (we are fighting an act that will limit how much land we own) so that the influx of other races cannot make us the minority in our own kampung. Eg Malays barred from settling on our land and Chinese barred from buying it (you have shophouses in the urban areas, why do you need our farms and longhouses?)
So the solution is, everyone can settle in Sarawak but in thier own chuncks of land. Without the previleges that we the Dayak have, we will go extinct.
A 25 second intro for a video that is just over three minutes long.
Those were the old days.
Did you really unironically say Brooke assisted the Sultan of Brunei in battles against inland "savages"?
From their Perspective.
Good🤑🤑🤑🤑🤑🤑🤑
Thanks.
Apakah serawak dan sabah sekarang negara new atau bergabung dengan negara yang lain
Call it crazy, the world had many other much stranger stories of secession and mergings.
Sarawak kini telah menjadi tanah jajahan baru sejak 1963... dengan bertopengkan kesatuan Malaysia...
Money is everything..british colony in west malaya backup brooke well
Believe so yes.
Keturunan Brooke pun tiada yg jadi rakyat Sarawak.
English please.
Jason Brooke
Ini lah yang selalu di kuar-kuarkan oleh british berkena dengan Sarawak... Konon nya mereka ada sebagai dewa bagi negeri Sarawak..sedangkan mereka perampas tanah warisan raakyat kesultanan Brunei....
"This is what british always emphasizes regarding Sarawak ... It is said that they exist as gods for the country of Sarawak ... while they are usurpers of the land inherited from the Sultanate of Brunei ..."
Hmm dalam buku teks tak pernah cakap rampas dari kesultanan brunei tp diberi kepada british sebab sultan brunei tak mampu nak jaga kaum2 di sarawak sbb pgaduhan
@@nursyafizah5981 Memang lah dalam buku teks, Jika kita hanya mengenal sejarah melalui buku teks yng berpandukan dengan buku yang dibuat oleh para penjajah sedangkan fakta nya berbeda... Apa erti pajak, pajak ada lah pungutan wajib dari rakyat untuk negara. Setiap sen uang pajak yang dibayarkan rakyat akan masuk dalam pos pendapatan negara dari sektor pajak. Penggunaannya untuk membiayai belanja pemerintah pusat maupun daerah demi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Sarawak di pajakan oleh kesultanan Brunei kepada James brooke, dan James brooke wajib membayar pajakan tersebutan kepada kesultanan brunei selagi ia masih mengunakan tanah pajakan tersebut... apabila dia tidak memerlukan dan dia keluar atau dia tidak membayar uang pajakan maka tanah pajakan itu secara automatik kembali kepada kesultanan Brunei....Ternyata Brooke tidak membayar uang pajakan dan merampas tanah milik Brunei....
@@Mohaimin100 apa pulak buku berpanduan penjajah. Bkn pnjajah yg buat bulu teks. Kena ingat dulu sultan brunei sendiri yg serahkan tanah dekat british. Begitu juga dgn sabah yg diberi brunei kpd sultan sulu dan akhirnya british. Dan jgn lupa plak wujudnya kesultanan sarawak dimana brunei 4 kali cuba nak merampas sarawak. Ptama masa awang balitar membunuh abdullah muhammad dan seterusnya menyerang santubong sejurus melaka dijajah portugis pada abad ke 15.
@@nursyafizah5981 Lebih baik mendengar tuturan dari nenek moyang dari membaca apa yang telah di muatkan dalam buku teks, tanya pada nenek moyang kita dan kemudiam cuba buat perbandingan.... bukti sejarah juga ter maktub dalam simpanan kazanah mereka.....
Not really a kingdom. Rather a jungle.
The Striker oh...please, stereotype is toxic -_-
The Striker how old r u? What made a kingdom for u?
all kingdom started with a jungle
Marko San very angry with you
The jungle that you call it is a jungle that has benefited many Peninsular Malaysia such as gas and oil
After sarawak out from malaysia indonesia army can take over this land ..sarawak army outnumber vs indonesia...ok sarawak..ringgit is in history
Not sure what you mean..
@@HistoryHustle indonesia take over
No right?
@@dajai-6394 in order to stop that,we will call our help form motherland .UK and call our first king.Brooke family.Hail to the king!!not your sultan.
@@HistoryHustle malaya is richest since 600 years ago not sarawwak and sabah there old leader want join malaysia 1963 to run from british..until now local goverments leader richest but local people still poor