Prosian: How to make an Indo-European language
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 15 พ.ค. 2024
- How do you make an Indo-European language? Well, you have to start with Proto-Indo-European. From there...well, what happens from there? If only someone made a video-oh wait, that's this video! The guy who made this must be so smart. And Handsome! He's also probably unusually good at Soccer (or Football, if you're not American/Canadian). What was I saying?
I can only imagine you'll want to see it, so here's the spreadsheet:
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/...
Sound Changes for English:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-G...
...which then bleeds into:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonolo...
0:00 Introduction
0:14 An Indo-European Language
0:41 An Example: English
1:01 An Example: Barrow
7:16 Unpredictability
8:07 Morphology of Prosian
9:31 Semantic Shift
9:58 Six
10:45 Vexed
12:58 Boxers
14:23 Quickly
15:26 Danced
16:47 Around
17:54 the
18:36 Well
ah yes, my favorite PIE branch: Germano-Tibetan
it's more like a sino-aryan
Gotta love it
Ernst Schafer moment
@@berndlauert8179 you mean Sino-Iranian, no?
why not dene-caucasian..?
Nooo! Why don't you make /ŋɣ/ > /ŋ/, makes sense considering the Chinese influence and it'd make it very few ancient IE language to have /ŋ/ (other than avestan).
The Indo-Aryan branch also retained /ŋ/ for some time iirc
@5:59 After rule #69, #70 is D - softening. Truly poetic.
15:26 you could also have designed it such that it picks up a loan from some proto-tibetan language or old chinese
9:07 "psia" isn't the genitive of pies, it's the adjective. The genitive would be "psa", and it would come after the possessee
I was thinking about a theoretical Indo-European conlang for so long. The only thing i was finding was the "Proto-Carite" thing and now you make this video as long as i subscribed to you recently lol!
me to!!!
Polish also differentiates /w/ and /v/. It's a fairly new innovation, speaking in linguistic timescales at least. The /w/ phoneme is written as (Ł ł) because it used to be pronounced more like a dark L /ɫ/. It started out as an allophone of /l/ and slowly diverged.
You know that's not what I meant
@@zzineohp I don't. Can you clarify?
@@SKO_EN I mean the w > v pathway occured in every Modern language except English and the Celtic languages-Romanian also differentiates it, but w is from /u/ not /w/
@@zzineohp Interesting, that makes more sense!
@@zzineohp If I am not mistaken Ossetic still keeps PIE /w/ in certain contexts. :)
the only use of "barrow" i can think of is "bleak falls barrow," an early game location in the elder scrolls v: skyrim. it's a dungeon that sits on a mountain, so the name fits.
I had the same thought!
Also the "barrow downs" in LotR
I’m glad I’m not the only one
Because "barrow" also means "burial mound"
Since it went down to the lowlands of China, you should have considered the Sprachbund nature of languages. That kind of crazy consonant clusters would also have been tonal at this point along with modern Chinese, Mon-khmer, Austroasiatic and Kra-Dai.
If not tonal at least tone accented. But with the significance of the Chinese trade, the tonality is not hard to see being developed.
The Tibetan branch is currently undergoing a shift to tonality with some dialects.
It has pitch accent
I’m working on a Middle Eastern continuation of Gaulish atm
can u give a sample text and numbers it would surely be interesting
yes, can you show a sample?
So basically what if Galatian survived?
3:50 huh, that's interesting. i've never heard anyone pronouncing the "i" in "istanbul" as /ɯ/. it does go back slightly, but not that much. i wonder from where you got that this pronunciation is "very common" because i wanna make sure that i haven't been living in a bubble for all my life lmao
edit: well, apparently that way of pronouncing used to be way more common around 40 years ago (my father mentions the speakers on TRT - the national television - when it used to be the only TV channel broadcasting). "diyarbakır" - another turkish city - also used to be pronounced with a back /ɯ/. i guess the younger generations tend to front that "i" more. that is really interesting.
That makes sense, linguist tend to be about a generation behind at all times
All this work, and he could've just used Tocharian
so true he
wonderful video, genuinely!
It would be really cool of you added hints of Sinofication, replacing PIE derived words with mandarin chinese loan words.
Im definitely gonna try to do that, but in this video I'm mostly focusing on the journey from PIE
@@zzineohp huzzah, the patrons and merchant-lords, once again, exercise their power effectively
Im working on a IE conlang that is heavily influenced by bronze age semitic languages and other stuff, so the grammar is more like a mix od Arabic and Modern persian with unique innovation
I actually hd one very influenced by chinese phonology as well, it was tonal
Will you share it somewhere?
@@slimehound1934 so far its rather rudimentary and I havent too much time recently, but i will post a sample
@@slimehound1934 ilHašuye ata ilmanduye witsakurye tasjadariš udwaš ata tasjadariš udilday qesahturye, ata tasjadariš atwaš udildHirt
The horses and the two men with weapons saw up and saw to the sky of stars and saw down to the dirt.
i loved this video because im doing the exact same thing so this was so helpful, u should make more videos like this or even better turn it into a series!
For almost 2 years, I felt no real will to conlang, but with random inspiration in school and this video. I felt part of me come back to myself, so thank you for this awesome video!
Edit: What’s sound change 37 called?
I really like your video. I am planning for my worldbuilding cultures and languages. Thanks for giving me a tutorial for an Indo-European conlang!
Psia is the feminine nominative of psi, which is a possessive adjective, psa would be the genitive singular of pies.
came here to say the same thing, "psia" is an adjective
I would love a video covering all the sound changes from PIE to English! sounds very interesting
Mind blowing! Btw: The phonetic changes look to me as each generation needs to sound cooler than their parents, they make some sound shift. It's so cool to track them and reapply upon material from thousands of years ago.
Very smart, you earned another subscriber
w better call saul reference. btw love the speed you talk at
But the optative is so cool :(
'oh my god, that was a rush' after having speed-run the forming of 'six' was hilarious, I love your sense of humour LMAO
Well done! However, I'd love to see some grammatical changes. Why's the word order exactly the same as in English? No influences of surrounding Sino-Tibetic languages?
Well I was going to include an adjective for well but the video was already too long
we don't have a very good idea of what common sino-tibetan syntax and grammar actually looked like, no?
Loved the video! But I'd argue that the reason why galician and catalan converged to a more spanish-sounding fonetics is not "the desire to be close to one another", but the minorization of catalan and galician and the fact that they were forbidden for like ~40 years during the XXth century and (afaik) for ~250y Catalan since 1714
12:49 you MORON! Chinese separates between the use of a number as a numeral vs. a noun! You HAVE to include the PARTICLE 个 in between six and the noun! Western liberals these days, they act like they know everything, and yet their ENTIRE body of knowledge COLLAPSES under a single tug. You're not just as bad as Bashar al-Assad, you're worse. Lol!
If you’re looking for Old Chinese influence then it’s perfectly fine not to have determiners. They were much more limited in distribution in the OC period. 😅
Moreover Old Chinese had crazy syllable structure much in line with other Sino-Tibetan languages! CCCCCVCC seems perfectly feasible. 😅
bruh I'm in a discord server for people doing IE langs and it feels just like that lol
Meds? somebody call hospital.
imagine he writes the rules down but deleted the video and a couple hundred later somebody finds the text with the rules and visits those places to find those "Prosian people"
As a Mandarin and English speaker, seeing an IE language written in Hanzi is sooooooooooo much fun. It helped me understand the adoption of Hanzi in non-ST languages.
Wow this is some deep conlanging😮, I Also make conlangs, but I keep it simpler, cause I don't get all those complex IPA and sounds and change rules, allthoug I do have change patterns in some of my conlangs.
Are you going to make a Swadesh List for Prosian?
That was fun. I didn't catch at what point did your language split from PIE. Did it share much significant history with Germanic or went straight East. If they were walking through Persia to China they would probably accumulate a lot of borrowings from languages along the way (like Romani/Gypsy did), probably some early Indo-Iranian at least, and maybe some Turkic and/or Mongolic.
well, that's a later video, in this one i really wanted to focus on PIE
Love it!
this video is just what i needed, thanks! i must ask what you site or list you use to see PIE verb and noun declensions because ive been unable to find a reliable one
in this case I would like to recommend, as an amateur, the one by Fortson and a series of essays called the handbook of comparative and historical indo european linguistics its very broad and gives a good sense of the scholarship as of recently
I like your funny words magic man
I love the ambiguity of the English "we" because when he said 'we' (3:25 referring to linguists), I got to imagine myself in that category 😊
You explained nothing basically...
Where are the sources to other sound changes? Like how you got the changes in Prosian?
A technical issue - please, balance the volume level of a video next time, + it's very quiet in yhe headphones. Thanks
Interesting stuff
9:05 Polish example should be "Piłka psa". Psia is an adjective similar to dog in "dog park" (park does not belong to dog, dog just describes what kind of park it is)
Phonetically Prosian sounds a bit like the eastern Slovenian dialect Prekmurian.
Please don't yell "stop" so loudly, I was in my headphones, and my ears genuinely hurt...
2:20 this crazy guy sure did have an interest with a Werner
Missed opportunity to create unique Hanzi for Prosian words, akin to Chữ Nôm.
Edit: Just saw the follow-up video, and... I have a couple of notes.
already working on my own. it's a direct split from PIE and is heavily influenced by Thai.
i did this but i literally made up random rules and took words off of the wikipedia page for PIE words lol
Ah, yes, alternate timeline Tocharian lol.
Really cool conlang! But just wanna point out that the majority of languages heavily influenced by Chinese are phonologically similar in some ways, i.e. monosyllabic, tonal and lack of consonant clusters, sometimes lack of voiced fricatives. Since you also imagined this language using Hanzi as their writing systems, there are some works can be done around this part as well.
Let's start with your example sentence. Suppose the phonological changes are similar to Beijing Mandarin (other Sinitic languages don't follow the same paths + easier for me to analyze), Šeks becomes shài (-ks from Old Chinese tend to become the 4th tone, also Beijing Mandarin tend to pronounce -ek from Middle Chinese as ai). Mrtsi becomes qí, step 1: mr makes ts a voiced consonant ds, step 2: dsi becomes qí which is the change happened between Middle Chinese and Beijing Mandarin. Peü-teüües can be split into two words: peü and teüües. Peü might first change into püei, then feī (yes there's also a Chinese version of Grimm's Law but it's pu/bu --> f/v --> f). Teüües is a bit hard, but it can change into tües first, then tüè (-s becomes the 4th tone), then tail, tsiò, then qù or jù (q/j is determined by if the ts sound is aspirated or not). So for the first four words we have: shài qí fēi jù (or qù).
Another thing I wanna point out: there are many different words between Classical Chinese and modern written Chinese, which are mostly from Mandarin. For example, 了 as a particle did not exist in Early Middle Chinese. Instead, it's a grammaticalized version of verb 了 ("end/to end"), and was not used in formal written language until 20th century (although folk literature like novels/dramas/poems existed already). For a language that was heavily influenced by Chinese, its writing system must be consistent with the formal written language (i.e. Classical Chinese), which is the same reason why English didn't borrow words from Italian but Latin (although Italian words exist but not as formal/academic words). So the choice of semantic parts of these newly invented characters need to be restricted to be within Classical Chinese, while occasional Mandarin words exist but their meaning should be highly colloquial. For example, the Japanese word 俺 (ore) is an informal or even somewhat rude word to refer to "I/me", not used by aristocrats or intellectuals, but lower class workers. The kanji 俺 is borrowed from a Mandarin dialect meaning the same as wo ("I/me"), but since it's from a rural dialect, the word has a colloquial nature itself. Other than this example, the majority of Kanji match their meanings in Classical Chinese. For example, 走る means "to run" in both Japanese and Classical Chinese, but in Mandarin it means "to walk", as "to run" is replaced by another word 跑.
well in this video I tried to focus on IE influence, that's the whole point of it anyways
I can attest to this! Tsat, an Austronesian language spoken is Hainan, has reduced its syllables SIGNIFICANTLY and developed tones from Chinese contact.
By the way, is there a list somewhere compiling the sound changes of Middle Chinese's consonant clusters into Modern Mandarin Chinese? That would be very interesting to look at :)
@@myspleenisbursting4825 well, historic linguistics for Chinese is a lot more complicated, because A) no language is ever studied as much as English and B) Chinese doesn't write down sounds
Good video! But can you link a list of rules you've used (for English)?
putting it in the description now
You mentioned at around 14:23, that there are some sound shifts, that hit multiple branches of the IE language family. Could you share some references to what these are?
Well, the sound e makes being changed depending on a laryngeal it's next to (Universal); when the root ends with t/d/dh and the suffix starts with it, the letter s is inserted between the 2 (Universal); Centumization (Italic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic) or Satemization (Balto-Slavic, Indo-Aryan, Iranian); Labiovelars become plain labials (Italic, Celtic, Germanic); Syllabic sonorants insert an a before a laryngeal-sonorant cluster (Celtic, Hellenic); Final m > n (Hellenic, Germanic); kw > kʷ (Slavic, Hellenic, Italic); debuccalization of word-initial s (Hellenic, Iranian); fortition of w into v (Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Slavic); Vocalization of word-initial laryngeals (Hellenic, Armenian). That sort of thing.
@@zzineohp Thanks a lot! ^-^
😂 “You can’t just Irish Goodbye your way out of PIE.”
What is the Prosian for “My hovercraft is full of eels”?
I šeš hyehhöytannaw ičeš oššöms šeš plotrö.
I - I
Šeš - genitive particle
Hyehhöy - Air, loan from middle Chinese kʰiəiH
Tan - Cushion, loan from Mandarin tián
Naw - Boat
(that whole word, hyehhöytannaw is a Calque of the chinese 气垫船, hovercraft)
Ičeš - has
Oššöms - Eels, accusative
Šeš - genitive particle
Plotö - filling
(Literally: My air-cushion-boat has a filling of eels)
This is art.
as a historical linguistics enjoyer this is bringing tears to my eyes I love it so much
interesting how at 18:36 you've gone with 她, Mandarin tā "her", as the word for "the", any reasoning behind that?
Well, Mandarin doesn't have articles, I just picked the word closest to "Female Thing"
I could see 个 as an alternative
@@zzineohp or maybe you could get close to an article by having a demonstrative, so 这 "this" or 那 "that"?
@@zzineohp yeah Mandarin hasn't got articles, hence my confusion haha
@@TheRealVenusian I like that, since a lot of IE articles developed from demonstratives anyway. 彼 or 是 would also be good options for transcription since they're demonstratives in Classical Chinese. I like how fast it becomes apparent why Korean and Japanese eventually had to innovate to represent speech in writing. Would love to see what Prosian does with regard to productive prefixes and suffixes
Of all the conlang showcases I’ve seen…
Is your list of rules unique to Prosian, or is it a more general list from which you picked the ones you likes? I couldn't really follow that part...
i made em up
Do you have any good sources on Proto-IE?
Now that you have a stable income through TH-cam it's time to finally upgrade your recording equipment!
Good mic options for $0.04?
@@zzineohp don't spend it all at once I guess..? but seriously this content looks like a ton of work, I hope you'll be able to generate some kind of revenue from it soon 😅
I wanted to do it so badly, i just threw japonic out of there (rip japonic, not missing you since i dislike it) and made the japanic branxh but i couldn't get enough info on Proto-Indo-European (probably didnt look hard enough tho), but i still am making some stuff toward it
fellow flop
@@cupidsnow3885 yass
dunno why but this gives mad Jreg vibes, still a good conlang tho
Jreggin these
Bleak Falls Barrow?
I'm also kinda working on an Indo-European conlang. And since I'm Russian-speaker myself it has pretty complex grammar, like six tenses (three perfect ones and three continious) with the same amount for passive voice therefore four infinitives and seven noun cases with three genders and three declensions (at least the only irregular verb is "to be" and the only weirdly declined nouns are first and second person pronouns: "I-we" and "thou-you"). But since I didn't follow the rules (or rather didn't really care that much how this or that action is actually called) of how the real world languages have evolved from P.I.E. the real Indo-European researchers would either laugh or look askance at me and my creation. Not like I even care though
Anyway, what's about phonology - consonants at the beginning and the end of the words become voiceless while in the middle they're voiced (I bet no Indo-European language with this weird feature exists, I took it from Korean) and what about grammar - nouns can easily change their gender without the addition of unneccessary suffixes, especially inanimate nouns (which also isn't pretty much of an Indo-European thing), so, for example, a "car" can be masculine, feminine or neuter depending on the context. Since I've come with idea of this language being from a different world where neither Phoenicians nor Romans never existed it would use it's own alphabet consisting of about 80 letters, but it's not because it has that huge phonetic library rather because the diphtongs and consonant clusters are written with a single letter like we write "x" instead of "ks" or "gs" (but since I can't code I'm gonna write the example text with Latin script)
And yeah, for now I use all this complexity only for one silly objective - singable translations of some songs. If anyone interested I can send here one of my translation
And finally, the sample text (Schleicher's fable):
(Ne-Sholli) na-Avfin mida sinfelsa feidifit theirof Eshof: prefos pordambit so-grafja Carra, tevdoros pherrembit so-masna Cravsa en theirdoros fesle pherrembit so-Sema. Sjek Avfin narrafit Esham: "sherjet mva Serda cham feidju che so-Semos podjet Éshosmi". Tham Eshy narrafeit kxn Ja: "slavze Avfi, naszdory Serdy jegsame sherjeit cham Semos, so-Bodis, sxnasdet eiz avfjena Felsa pher Selba ne-sall Fesdjmeit en Avfin manjet sinfelsa". Slavzife se Innarr Avfin pheigefit kxn Asre
The polish example "psia piłka" is kinda weird. Its technically correct, but no polidh person ever would say "psia piłka" as the dogs ball. We would say piłka psa, that example you said sounds more like a name of something, i dont really know how ro explain it
That makes sense, because psia is apparently not the Genitive
@@zzineohp it would most naturally occur as a proper name, maybe of a dog toy, but I don't really know what case it is being a native speaker. Gotta love not knowing what case is a word in my native Language
@@zzineohp psia is a feminine adjective meaning "canine" or "dog" like in "dog food"
In my village (in Galicia) we definitely say "psia buda", "psia miska", etc. "Psia piłka" doesn't sound weird to me at all. The only problem is that grammatically it doesn't fit the pattern he was trying to portray in the video, but on it's own it's ok. Actually "piłka psa" sounds stranger to me.
@@milobem4458 well I think it can depend on the person, but also region, I personally live in Częstochowa
Is there a source that lists PIE suffixes and shows what grade they put the root into? Like, how do you know that *-os puts the root into e-grade and *-sḱóror puts the root into zero-grade?
en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Proto-Indo-European_suffixes
What keyboard settings do you use? I want to be able to type all those cool PIE diacritics and others.
US international keyboard, but I need to copy and paste and lot of diacritics to make letters like u-with-breve-and-umlaut
13:04 fug :DDD
ehehehe
if it had completely went through grims law pug would have become... fuk
Jesus wept, this is magic
You forgot about Cole's Law!!
You will need cabbage in order to do it tho
unfortunately there is no way to tell if this comment is satire or not
I think it's a coleslaw joke, unless I'm missing something.
Why mix simplified and traditional characters? (擊/击 and 圍/围). Are they Communists or are they not?
Are they maybe using their own set of characters like the Japanese?
They should all be simplified, probably just a mistake
Hi would you please have a list somewhere with all those 101 sound changes listed with explanations or something?
In the description
@@zzineohp Ah, I feared that the wiki pages is all there is. Though that the numbered list of those 101 is some already established and ordered list and not just wiki pages that are hard to understand and get around on. But thanks anyway!
are there any good lists of pie roots and suffixes, or did you just use wiktionary?
ahdictionary.com/word/indoeurop.html is good
Is wiktionary bad?
@@zzineohp thank you so much!!
@@killianobrien2007 wouldnt say bad but for this it doesnt provide enough info a lot of the time
Quite easy actually. First, pick an Indo-European speaking folk. Then divide them into factions by religion, geography or political motives. After that, wait a few centuries. Voalla! You have different nations with different (at least not completely same) languages.
How do I find a reliable PIE dictionary?
Wikipedias page for Indo-European vocabulary is a good start, I linked an appendix of PIE roots in the original video
Sounds closer to the European branch of IE than the Indo-Iranian branch.
The audio is abit low :(
失业的语言学家？我也是xswl
我希望你用过文言文的词，文言文非常有趣……
This language sounds like it would be spoken by the gods.
Small nitpick about the thumbnail, the clause “和你也会” might be slightly incorrect, as far as I know “和” is for objects on a list and not a conjunction between clauses, so I think “而” would be better suited to translate "and" . But hey, probably nobody else cares lol
Oh no lots of people care. But Prosian only has one word for and, and it uses the same character for both contexts
@@zzineohp So Prosian uses 汉字 like how Japanese got a bunch of kanji to package up some roughly similar-meaning words?
Where do you get the list of sound changes for languages from? Do you make them yourself?
I named most of the myself, but the actual sound changes I poached from 2 Wikipedia articles, Proto-Germanic and the Phonological History of English
@@zzineohp literally used the same articles for the ideas for my other conlang, nice
How can one start learning all of this?
bʰréh₁wr̥ was a word for well
barrow isn't nearly non existent, we still have things named it in england
How about consider the Chinese influence on grammar on syntax since the Middle Ages, because educated people of Prosian society should certainly know Middle Chinese language and incorporate its features in their native language?
Hey man that's an idea but the video is called "How to make an Indo-European language" not "how to make a Chinese language that's ultimately descended from PIE"
@@zzineohp yes, I got it. Just a suggestion
The final translation sounds like an Albanian/Baltic language with East Slavic influence...
As a Spanish speaker the begging of video was really funny
Now I get why Lithuanian and Latvian are so cursed.
Ahhh.....Why do I end up here?
Spanish-speaking people reaching proto-Germanic: 🤨
Chinese on the thumbnail is incorrect. 和 cannot connect 2 independent clauses
It's not Chinese it's Prosian
和你也会 → also meet with you/with you can also be
Is that intentional? XD
Edit: I think it is
You can’t say 和你也会 in Chinese. That Chinese in the video panel doesn’t mean “and you can too”, because 和 is a connector for nouns not sentences. The word for “and” that links sentences is 而且, or just a pause. So it should just be 你也会, or 而且你也会, or 你也做得到, etc.
It isn't Chinese it's Prosian. Prosian uses the same word for both uses, so it uses the same character to represent the word.
@@zzineohp I came down here looking for this comment lol. I agree it would have made more sense for Prosian to have taken a character that more directly means "and", since the use of 和 to link nouns in Mandarin is derived from a more fundamental meaning having to do with harmony, summing, etc., and is not even a common feature shared with most other Chinese languages. If Prosian were a real language developing near China, it probably would have taken a character like 且 to transcribe "kye", and indeed you can find 且 having this meaning when used in Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese, at least according to Wiktionary. I could also see 及 or 與 having done this historically.
But definitely you can make up any justification you want for 和, it's your language and you can do whatever you want with it. Just a little odd for its writing system to have been borrowed from modern Mandarin. Though I suppose if we're really going to get down to historical plausibility, a lot of non-Chinese languages in that region you placed it in use a Brahmic related script anyway. And it's a great language you made, very cool, way beyond my abilities!
@@chrishealy1679 aaaahhh the only Chinese language i know is Mandarin, why does everything have to be so complicaaaaateeeeed
@@zzineohp you should try some classical chinese some time, it's a trip ;)
@@chrishealy1679there are also a longggg list of other concerns if you’re going for historical plausibility
Isn't "važmyens" supposed to be spelled with 2 characters? It has 2 morphemes. It's unlikely that the -myens suffix would be present in only one word
well, yeah, but it's a PIE noun-forming suffix. važmyens is part of a different lexeme then then the descendant of only bhelgh, which would be vyelh, which would be a verb that means "to swell or expand" (although I would semantic shift it to burst). I'm using each hanzi to represent a Lemma or Inflection, not a root that may be present in another word.
Come on, PIE had a mediopassive participle in *-mHn-o- 😅
We demand a Semitic conlang
how do you say skibidi toilet in prosian
well skibidi is a nonsense word loaned from bulgarian, I imagine it would be nativised as Šibidi, and toilet I reconstruct as Yenlwerurö, ultimately from PIE *h₁en-léw-h₂e-wr̥ (the thing that you make dirty)
@@zzineohp only in Ohio
@@siyacerhahahqjqjjqjqjw
Reupload this video, but use Portuguese as the indo-European language example instead of English and use a different Indo-European root.
važmyens sounds very Baltic to me :D can anyone of you Lithuanians and Latvians understand any of this?
lol it does like lithuanian
Damn i learned a bit from watching this silly buffoonery
Bale bérgaz la bida...
Jaja dijo verga
I speak an Indo-European language