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How the Sun will REALLY Die
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 17 ส.ค. 2024
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How will the Sun die? Stars like the Sun shine by fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores, producing energy in the process. But when the fuel runs out, stars evolve from the main sequence to become red giant stars, while their cores shrink to white dwarfs. Our Sun will begin to do this in about 5-6 billion years from now. Enjoy this sneak preview.
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Question
What is the reason for the different forms of galaxies in the universe?
second question
Are there galaxies spinning fast and some slowly rotating?
If so, what is the reason for the different speed?
We ask you to deliver the first question and the second question to the space research team
I'll be discussing galaxies in future videos. What "space research team" are you talking about?
@@LaunchPadAstronomy Why are there black holes in the center of the galaxy?
There are different geometric forms of galaxies and galaxies untidy
Do all galaxies have central holes in the middle?
The third question
How were these central holes formed?
Please communicate my three questions to the space research team
great vids, i think you should also tell the viewer how we know these things or how we discovered them. what do u think?
So why is our sun inarguably whiter and hotter than 35 years ago?
This was so good and thorough I've watched it twice already.
Wow, thanks!
this is the best explanation on this topic ive ever seen on youtube. thanks.
Thanks Cool Kid, much appreciated!
Cool Kid thank you so much!
I've seen this comment on another video... Are you spamming fam?
Christian, it's been awhile since I dropped by and I am pleasantly shocked at the dramatic improvement of your graphics, info, and presentation. It's good to watch a person explain such heady, scientific terms in a plain yet never condecending manner.
This medium suits you well and we are all reaping the benefits. Thank you!
Thank you, my friend, it's great to get that kind of feedback. It's a lot of work but I do enjoy it very much!
Congrats on getting sponsored!
Thanks!
I really appreciate the quality of your videos mate. Keep up the brilliant work.
Thanks man!
If I know the Earth, it'll take off and find another sun.
I loved this. You made the sun's evolution easy to understand because you explained every item...you didn't just state theories or facts that then most people would have to take as the truth. You explained it in such a way that everyday people could follow along. Thank you.
Thank you so much!
Well like there is a saying “nothing is forever”
this actually explained so much. it was a way better explanation then anything else i ever heard.
thanks man i learned so much more in this :)
Thanks man I appreciate the feedback!
I've just found your channel, and I wish I knew about you for the last 2 years. Your channel is amazing and so informative, thank you for these amazing videos
I remember going to the museum when I was a kid and scientists thought the sun would last a trillion years. Now it's only 5 billion... as if I didn't have enough to worry about.
I have never heard of the sun’s death with so many awesome details , thanks !
Will the sun eventually turn into a huge diamond n last forever ?
Thanks Joe, I appreciate it. The core will be an ultra-dense ball of carbon so yeah it will probably just a a degenerate diamond at that point :)
@@LaunchPadAstronomy Perhaps crystal?
Only in the Bible
"Moisturize me"....
Anyone else think they had dirt on their screen at 2:10? Lol
Never seen this explained in so much depth. Thank you.
Much appreciated, thanks!
Loved this information!! Very interesting.
Another excellent informative video 👍
Thanks!
It was awesome 👍
Thank you for such an amazing explanation
My pleasure, thanks for watching!
As well as this kind of being mega scary I see we don’t have any thing to worry about which is good cos it’s not happening any time seen . Love your content friend and this was A GREAT VIDEO SIR
Thank you, my friend. And you're right, this won't happen for billions of years. Now if it were happening millions of years from now, I'd be worried ;)
This explanation was simple , detailed n very interesting . In the end the sun will become a huge diamond , right ?
Thank Christian for sharing such an awesome video I know it takes a lot of time to put it together so well .
You rock !
Thanks! It will certainly end up as a degenerate white dwarf, so yeah, kind of like a diamond indeed!
Finally a solid breakdown of this process! Thank you!
You sir, deserved more subs.. Thumbs up for the videos...great work there
Thank you so much! As to the subs, I’m working on it :)
so giant stars die with PASSION!
Excellent explanation! I think Betelgeuse is around the stage shown at 10:00 Am I right? Thank you!
I guess the depressing perspective of the sun dying is counterbalanced by the realization that without this process, we wouldn't even be here in the first place
Best TH-cam channel
Wow, thanks!
Probably the best astronomy channel on YT. More videos please!
Wow, thanks Maciej!
Very informative
Thanks!
Awesome. This is the first time I've actually been shown the step by step process of the sun's death. Thanks
Thanks so much, I appreciate it. There’s a lot to get into!
Are all your videos like this? I really liked this one, and if they are, i will sub!
Also the info from this vid helped me make my own video! Thanks1
Just discovered your channel this is the first video i watched
I love how you explain every detile :D Subscribed
Thank you Nikola, I’m glad to have you along for the ride!
I always learn so much when I stop in here! I didn't figure that this was something we needed to worry about having happen today. Thanks for your content. Kay
Thanks Kay, I appreciate it. And no need to stress since the Sun won't be dead for several billion years. If it were several million years, I'd be freaking out.
Oh wow, your channel is amazing. Best astronomy channel ever!
Thank you so much!
Why thank you, I am so happy to hear that!
"'RED DWARFS?'... We prefer 'little stars,' thank you!"
Helium is four times heavier than hydrogen, yet we still can't seem to keep it on the planet. Darnit.
Magellan TV... Nice to see a different sponsor than the usual!
Alas, the star... I knew him well...
OK...not THAT well because I don't know that much about astronomy. Plus he could only be seen through a telescope as light that's traveled millions of miles... he could have died YEARS ago and I'd never have known. Oh well.
OK... I'll stop being an obnoxious nerd now.
Nice video :D
Thanks man. And I prefer "metabolically challenged stars" instead of "white dwarfs."
Ahhhhh ha ha haha aaaaaaa rabbit season
"NATIVE" or "INDIGENOUS" Little Stars, Thank You. "Red" is a racist term.
At the time of the descent of the Quran, people believed that the light of the stars would last forever. This at a time when the inner structure of the stars was a mystery and the fact that the energy of the stars would, one day, be exhausted was not known. The Quran’s prediction about the end of the stars is a miraculous statement.
2- When the planets are scattered.
(82- The Shattering, 2)
While the verses speak of the putting out of stars, the planets, that are not light sources, will scatter. The Arabic word for a star is “najm,” while “kavkab” is a planet. Given the fact that the planets are dependent on a central star, when this star is no more, the planets will necessarily scatter. (There have been translators who translated both words as stars without heeding the difference between them.) But when we look at the usage of these two words in the Quran, we think that such a distinction has to be made. Planets are not light sources, therefore their extinction is out of question. The Quran displays its miraculous attribute in all its statements.
1- When the sun is rolled.
(81- The Rolling, 1)
The Arabic word “takwir” refers to the wrapping of the turban around the head in a spiral form; it also means the rolling or winding of a thing into a ball or round mass, or around something. The scene describes how the end of the sun will come. Like all the other stars, our sun also consumes hydrogen atoms by transforming them into helium atoms and releasing energy in the form of radiation, heat and light. The transformation of hydrogen into helium stops with the exhaustion of the hydrogen. Even without the effect of other potential causes, the sun will have to come to an end for this reason. Before their extinction, the stars, according to their sizes, pass through such phases as red giant, white dwarf or black hole. In view of its magnitude, our sun must turn first into a red giant before dying.
The sun has been a subject of worship in the history of mankind. People who did not believe in the end of the universe considered the sun itself to be an immortal divinity and thought that the universe and the earth would last eternally; there have been those who believed in the transmigration of souls everlastingly. Having eventually been convinced by scientific discoveries that the world was doomed to die one day, the minds that idolized the sun and the belief in the eternal reincarnation cycle lost their support. The belief in the Hereafter described in the Quran and the end of the universe are interconnected as the stages of a system. Taking cognizance of the fact that the end of the universe will eventually come has reinforced the belief in the Hereafter.
7- And verily the Hour is coming, no doubt about it,
and that God will resurrect those who are dead.
(22- The Pilgrimage, 7)
The description of the end of the universe in the Quran relating to the end of the sun and of the world is given in striking colors. What the people at the Prophet’s time knew about astronomy could not possibly have permitted them to describe such occurrences. Muslims who lived at the time of the revelation of the Quran believed in all these, not because of scientific deductions but because they had faith in the fact that it was easy for God, the Creator of the heavens and the earth, to destroy them. All the statements of the Quran about the disappearance of the stars, the sun and the earth are corroborated today by scientific discoveries.
EARTHQUAKES WITH BOILING SEAS
4- When the earth will be shaken up.
(56- The Inevitable, 4)
When the Hour comes, the entire earth will be shaken by a terrible earthquake. The Quran says that the tremor will cause mountains to be pulverized, and men will run to and fro in panic. As for the sea, we have the following indications:
6- When the seas boil.
(81- The Rolling, 6)
When the seas are suffered to burst forth.
(82- The Shattering, 3)
An earthquake will pulverize mountains, hot lava will burst forth from many corners of the earth. Volcanoes will erupt and lava will rise from the sea. It is unlikely that the depiction of the end of the world was an exaggeration of natural disasters that Muhammad experienced in his lifetime. The area where Muhammad lived was not on a major earthquake fault-line and those who spent most of their lives in the middle of desert, most likely, never witnessed the eruption of a volcano in mid-ocean!
5- When the wild beasts are summoned.
(81- The Rolling, 5)
The Quran draws our attention to the herding together of animals. We know today that animals react to a tremor even before we, as human beings, realize it. This is a domain in which further research studies are being conducted.
3- And when the earth is flattened out.
(84- The Splitting, 3)
4- And when it throws out whatever it contains and is empty.
(84- The Splitting, 4)
The contents of the earth, the magma, the molten rock, will rise to the surface as lava, as described in the verses quoted.
The Quran would like us to turn our attention to the most serious event of earth history to come. Advanced science has demonstrated that the end of the world and the universe is inevitable. No one can assert any longer that the stars and the sun will shine forever, and that the universe and the earth will abide to eternity.
18- Are they waiting until the Hour comes to them suddenly?
Its signs have already appeared.
How can they benefit then when it has come upon them?
(47- Muhammad, 18)
The end of the universe and of the world is the most serious event next to its formation. Riches, reputations, situations, families, beauty, ugliness, joy, distress will be no more. Superiority will no longer be measured by riches, possessions and high offices. Now, “superiority” will depend on the sort of life man has led. From the scenery of the end of the universe and the world described in the Quran, there are lessons to draw in this life of ours. All these are not for the mere sake of knowing. What is communicated has as its objective to move people and guide them to God. We must bear in mind the third verse of the 56th sura:
3- It will lower some, and raise others.
(56- The Inevitable, 3)
Another outstanding video Christian. I'm so interested in what will happen but at the same time, I'm not.
Thanks Eric, appreciate it man!
Picture any explosion animation from literally any game with explosions, then scale it up to billions of years.
Thumbs up if I saved you 14 minutes.
YOU DA MAN.!! Learned more from you than school ever did.!
Thanks man!
Great video. Thank you for going into so much detail. Loved it.
Thank you so much. It was a little more in depth so it’s good to hear the feedback!
Can you make a video about the Van Allen belt?
Thanks for the suggestion, I'll certainly consider it. Cheers!
this is a high quality mini lecture on AGB stars !
Thanks! I filmed it with my students in mind but I hope it didn't come off too lecture-y :)
Just had an idea, you should contact John Michael Godier and see if he will have you on his show as a guest, that'd make a great collaboration and most likely help your channel.
John's a great guy. I was on Event Horizon with him a couple of times in the spring.
@@LaunchPadAstronomy oh, I must have a bad memory haha. I have seen all his videos.
Just as I thought, the sun does not really die, it becomes something else.
Great stuff. Wish your ad/supporter was either at the start or finish. Putting it in the middle kills an otherwise flawless presentation. :)
I appreciate the feedback. I started moving my sponsor segments to earlier in subsequent videos. Cheers!
That was a great video. Best in depth video I've seen on the life of our star. Great Job!!! Also i tried the Magellan link a few times now and it gives a 404 error. I tried it when you first published the video and just now also. Thanks
Thanks Wes! I redid the link and it should work now: try.magellantv.com/launchpad/
Thanks, It did work. I'm signed up!!!
I want to be a ghost that can't be burnt, fly to the sun n see exactly what the heck is happening there. See it for myself.
Excellent. Subscribed.
Soo.. What about the transition from pulsating red giant to planetary nebula/dust cloud?
With star lifting we could extend the life of our sun and we could even change the orbit of our planet.
Perhaps one day with millions of years of technology we can move the Earth to a new solar system or create our own new sun.
Woah i didn't know that it would expand to Jupiter's orbit and outer solar system! thx for making this vid i was always curious about this
So an ideal star for us would be one which is smaller than our current one (so it has a longer lifetime) and bigger than a red dwarf (so it is not very active in terms of solar storms and won't break down the atmosphere) ?
Pretty much!
Very well done, very detailed
Thanks!
Yes Amazing explanation ...
Thanks!
11:06 So that's what those typed of photos are!
You really do a good job on your videos kudos to you God bless you
Thank you very much!
I have a question, when the sun becomes a white dwarf, what will happen to the gas giants? Is the sun's gravity still strong enough to keep them in orbit, or will they drift away to interstellar space?
It's Interesting to hear that the earth could either be swallowed by the sun OR it could be pushed to mars' orbit. I just never heard that possibility before.
Amazing video by the way. Your presentation was very clear and easy to understand. I just found your video in my recommended list and finding your channel made my day. Keep up the good work!
This assumes that we (or our descendants) won't do anything about it, which we're likely to do. If we can get starlifting working, we can remove material from the sun, changing its fate. And even if we can't do that, we're likely to do something about Earth, like nudging it further out in time. (Or possibly pick it apart to use as material for our huge Dyson swarm, depending on how sentimental we are.)
It migth be a stupid question to you . But except of what we have been told , about the death of the sun , how do they really know how the sun will die . Have they watched a star die really ?
No, but we've watched stars like our Sun at varying stages of evolution. It's like how we know how people age and die even though we haven't done it ourselves yet.
When the sun starts stripping away the oceans and our atmosphere, will it halt the earths rotation on its' axis?
Anything that is born has to die..doesn't matter if it's a tiny human, or a sun or even a galaxy. This is how nature n the universe works. Great video by d way 🤘
Thanks!
Awesome work. I have never seen such detailed video about the life of a star on TH-cam. I watched most parts of the video more than 3 times to understand better and planned to watch it another time.
Thank you so much for the kind words. It's a pretty 'info-dense' video so I'm glad you got so much out of it!
Are you sure that the Sun will expand to the current size of Jupiter's orbit in its second red giant phase? I've never heard of a prediction that large before. That would make it the size of Betelgeuse today, which we know is a red supergiant.
Yes.
I think it will only get 30 to 50% of the way to jupiter
The Sun is one of many candles on God's Birthday Cake. *What would God wish for before blowing them all out?*
There is no God you fool.
Death by surprise supernova 🌟💣🤯
Can we assume, that the sun doesn't die , but it goes back to become a seed?
Something else to worry about !!
if earth expanded to 1.8 AU,Mars orbit willhave expanded to 1.9 AU.Am i correct
Oh well....we still got time to rock and roll before the sun goes crazy on us....2 to 3 billion years is a long time from now...one billion years the minimum...still a very, very, long time. Thank you sir, as always, for sharing video.
i like your explanations.. use some hashtags (#) in your video to reach more people..
What a fantastic video for my honours astrophysics class
Good detailed coverage on this topic.
Now regarding your last far flung scenario It is worth noting that if we can somehow survive our current crisis and expand beyond Earth there is no need to abandon the Earth or other inner planets as with careful foresight over millions of years you can move the planets outwards using orbital slingshot maneuvers alone. AN interesting approach might be to do that while transferring orbital angular momentum from Jupiter to say Venus Earth Mars and other desirable colonies Ceres Vesta and other significant asteroids and wholly artificial colonies. Eventually as the Sun's time runs short you could perhaps even add them to Jupiter's system or another of the giant planets as in principal they could all work just it would be a bit harder. That would let you apply those ideas that could turn Jupiter into an effective Rocket ship by triggering localized nuclear fusion(I don't know if fusion will ever be energy efficient but it doesn't need to be in order to use it as a rocket after all the Sun and fission could provide all the energy you would need. The solar system has potentially four such potential "ships" though the ice giants are a bit limited in their usefulness. There is something beautiful about the concept of using a star or giant planet as a space ship why abandon your home when you can take it to go?
Plus Ganymede is so close to the threshold where it could hold onto oceans that the other Galilean moons could make up the difference if you really wanted to.
Now it is also worth noting that late last year in early December we got the first direct confirmation that exoplanets or at least giant exoplanets can survive the death of their star so I guesses they might not even need to leave perhaps that loose material could be easily captured from the Sun allowing it be put to use for something.
The Dyson Sphere will save The Sun from dying all the time.
I'm not worried since our solar system will be slamming into another galaxy by then -
videos are amazing btw+!!
That's enough time to serve it's purpose. ⚖️⚖️
What a great video
Our other planets are gas planets I would think they might not like the sun getting closer idk but seems like a logical thought
Excellent episode!!
Thanks for the compliment!
So, if star’s are mostly hydrogen and they are formed from the remnants of old stars, where does the hydrogen come from? Surely the last star that seeded the next generation used up all its hydrogen.
All of the hydrogen in the Universe was created in the Big Bang, along with most of the helium and some bits of lithium here and there :)
Excellent
When the sun expands out to Jupiter, will Jupiter be burned, or will it's own enormous mass suck some of the sun's mass to the point where it can gain enough mass to become a new sun? If that sounds stupid...sorry, I can't remember what I learned in college Astronomy class almost 25 years ago!!
We'll eventually become interstellar travellers.
Hopefully.
But will "we" still be human?
9:30
"Past the orbit of Jupiter?" Most scientists agree that the Sun will swell up to only between Earth's and Mars's orbit, 256 times the size it currently is. Mercury has a negligible chance of survival, Venus has a 10% chance of survival, Earth and the Moon have an 80% chance of survival and Mars has over 99% chance to survive the red giant Sun.
Seems a little large, doesn't it? You're right that it never gets that large during the initial red giant phase but during the end of the AGB, some models predict it getting that large. However, this also depends on what you consider to be the star's proper surface; by this point, the sun is so distended it already looks like a white dwarf surrounded by a thin shell.
@@LaunchPadAstronomy Based on what you said, is there any chance Venus, Earth and Mars survive the Sun's red giant phase?
Most models predict Mercury gets swallowed by the Sun, as well as Venus. Earth may get just far enough away to escape, though it will be a dead rock long before that happens. Either way, there’s no chance of Earth surviving in its present form.
@@LaunchPadAstronomy Only a red supergiant star like Betelgeuse can be as big as Jupiter's orbit.
@AJS not true
Hi Christian. It is a great explanation. It really is. Missed your videos and streams. However I have a little question. If our understanding, about what will have happened to the Sun is right, then why we don’t have any fusion reactors at the moment? I guess everything you had been talking is only one of many possible explanations. Despite it might be the most apparent explanation at the moment, but the more discoveries we gonna make in the future, in different industries of science, the more likely this explanation is going to be corrected as much, as we never ever would have imagined.
The fusion phenomenon is very well understood, partially because we can look at it every day with relative ease in the sun. The problem is that controlled fusion needs the extreme conditions mentioned by Christian (millions of degrees, absurd pressures). To avoid creating an accidental H bomb, very clever containment must be put in place. Since no material can handle such conditions, the containment must be in the Form of magnetic fields etc. Powering these fields takes so much energy, that all the power leaving the reactor must be used for them, and it's not even enough.
Fusion reactors exist, but they absorb energy to work instead of producing it, so they are pointless. At least for now. I'm quite confident someone will figure it out.
^^^ What he said. Fusion is possible, but it's just very difficult to achieve. But it is being worked on and should be online in the next 50 years or so. Of course, they started saying that 50 years ago... :)
Amazing! Thank you, Chris.
Thanks Dan!
If the Sun's got of gas then I hope we can't smell it from Earth!
What made you think that was clever enough that you actually needed to post it
@4:48
Q: in what way does the "temperature" of a degenerate gas rise without expansion?
Isn't temperature defined as the motion of atoms? If they are squeezed so close together that electron degeneracy prevents them moving/vibrating any closer ("occupying the same location at the same energy"), they cannot "expand" / "cool". Surely, degenerate matter couldn't increase it's classically defined "temperature" as the component atoms cannot vibrate any further into the surrounding space (occupied by other atoms).
Apologies, from a non-physics grad with a Trump level understanding of "temperature"
I think our star will just burn out and become a brown dwarf
so is the universe full of black dwarfs?
could that be what dark matter is just a bunch of black dwarfs we cant see?
also where is betelgues in this cycle?
just read Larry Nivens A World Out of Time. they tweaked Earth to orbit around Jupiter but its stlill kinda hot :D
A red supergiant is beyond the orbit of Jupiter, so it will never get that big
Great video. You deserve so many more views. I hope our algorithm-overlord give you more exposure soon.
Thanks Mathieu, I appreciate it!
Are you sure it expands past Jupiter's orbit? I've heard it only expands into Earth's orbit.
Yeah, I could have explained/showed this better. The "Jupiter" result comes from models that go all the way to the extreme AGB where the atmosphere really starts to "disconnect" from the core and the planetary nebula starts to form. Unfortunately, my attempt at illustration implied that an intact surface reaches Jupiter's orbit, which is not the case.
I’m intrested to space
Im sorry but what kind of respectable astronomer uses Fahrenheit scale?
this is a very promising channel, but the last video was over 3 months ago, unfortunately.. i think it would grow even faster if you could do a weekly video around 15 minutes or so.. personally i really like the hypothetical topics
Thank you very much for the kind words. Due to my mother’s passing and subsequent estate settlement and the demands of my day job (college professor), the channel had to go on an unplanned hiatus. However, I’m back to work on the channel and hope to have my next video out in the coming week. Thanks for the suggestions!
@@LaunchPadAstronomy Sorry about your loss, and it's good to hear you're getting back into it. The first video of yours I watched was of the habitability of red dwarfs as I have often wondered under what circumstances they'd be habitable. But due to the close distance of the habitable zone resulting in likely tidally locked planets, the best guess I could come up with would be a planet-sized moon orbiting a gas giant in the habitable zone of the red dwarf. This would give it the warmth needed, and a fairly large magnetosphere to protect from flares and radiation.
I have seen this in Doctor Who episode
Mankind won’t even be here in 500 years never mind 5 billion