I'll watch just about any lecture by Dr Stringer I can find. His life experience and observations of the "evolution of evolution" add credibility to his observations so clearly stared. The last 20-30 years have been exciting times in this discipline.
Thank you for advising being careful inference based on a small section of skull! I very much liked your video ! I have felt for a long time that there was a lot of diversity in ancient human species! I've guessed that different different natural disasters and climate changes have prevented that many outliers and when they did were likely to have those populations decimated!
Thank you Prof. Stringer. For anyone reading this post I'm currently researching Neandertal ancestry in sub-Saharan populations, and attempting to determine if all indigenous sub-Saharans have Neandertal genes. If anyone can assist in clarifying this topic, or suggest academic papers/online resources I would be much appreciative. Thank you.
A follow-up to a previous comment I made: Regarding Prof. Stringer's interpretation at ~ 23:00 at which he states Neanderthals and today's populations are not the same species - Our hard (osseous) morphology may differ from Neanderthals, but what about the soft tissue? Today we have very different morphological populations based on height, weight, and soft tissue appearance, as well as different disease problems. Today we have prognathous populations, and flat-faced populations. Some people with big brow ridges and thick skulls, and others that are more gracile. Some populations are very tall (e.g., East Africa), and others very short (e.g., African Pygmies, some East Asian peoples). Yet, today we are still the same species, regardless of osseous morphology. So why not consider Neanderthals and the surviving H. sapiens as the same species? Clearly, morphology is an adaptation to local/regional ecological conditions with some possible drift, but it is not a golden standard for determining speciation.
@31:40 I have a question: Since modern populations in the Philippines and Australasia have about 2% neanderthal and 4% Denisovan DNA what is the breakdown (percentage-wise) of the homo luzonensis and homo floresiensis since they are “local” to that area?
"Four West African populations - Yoruba, Esan, Mende, and Gambian - derive 2 to 19% of their genetic ancestry from a yet-undiscovered species of archaic hominin " How is that even possible? Does this mean west africans are hybrid species? 20% is HUGE that must have major effects on how they look and behave? I can't get stright answers on this, nobody will touch it because racism. I agree racism is bad, let's get past that please and just talk about human evolution non-judgmentally.
@@EugenioFilippi No .. DNA couldn't be "pulled" due to temperature and damp surroundings. The hotter and more humid the surroundings and elements surrounding the fossils ...the less chances of being able to sequence the DNA of these fossils... "With such success in recovering ancient DNA from neanderthals and Denisovans, unimaginable even fifteen years ago, it may seem strange that there have not been a plethora of papers comparing ancient DNA from archaic populations in many other regions. But the reality is that tropical and subtropical conditions with high temperatures or humidity, or both, severely affect ancient DNA preservation, which is most unfortunate in a case like Homo Floresiensis, where authentic DNA could have rapidly resolved the fierce arguments about it's status as an archaic species or a strange variant of modern humans." - Chris Stringer ( Lone Survivors, Page 201 )
Been following this (the human) story for over fifty years and read about some of the earlier research on the origins of species. The one constant in this story is it is always changing as new fossils turn up. Sometimes (in the past) scientists have come to conclusions by the discovery of a single tooth and I note the Denisiven fossil record is very small (from a finger bone they got different DNA to Neanderthals). Maybe the eventual conclusions, if there is going to be one, will be quite different from what we believe today. It might even be more human species and the origins might have been from Asia or Europe
@42:00 Until a few years ago it was routinely said that sub-saharans had no neanderthal DNA. The discovery of sub-saharans having neanderthal DNA thats more archaic than the sapiens who left Africa can mean 2 things. 1) That an earlier (before the 60k event ie like 100k) sapien migration out of Africa mixed with neanderthals and then traveling back into sub-sahara Africa. 2) Neanderthals traveled to sub-sahara and mixed with a sapiens population before the exodus 60K years ago.
Such rapid evolution must mean isolation then interbreeding of populations. The larger frontal cortex must have being the winner over the more robust physicality and adaptation to environment of the Neanderthal
I start do think, if there is possible to recreate neanderthal using people most % of neanderthal different genes and breed them together, so first generation is 5%, second 10% and so waiter ?
I've heard that all neanderthal genes carried by sapiens today would add up to about 50% of a total neanderthal genetic makeup. So you could never "recreate" a neanderthal to 100%. At least, that's how I understand it.
technically we would have to make large progenies between people with differing neanderthal genomic regions and select for those that retain all, or most, and then intercross these Neanderthal enriched people of different crosses again the same way. I'll let you decide on the morality :)
Most injuries of existing fossils are from animals....there has been research on this. I think they compared the injuries with large data sets and the best fit was a set of data from cowboys (Rodeo) being injured from animals. The evidence is just not there. But of course it is clear that the neanderthals pretty much disappeared right after we spread into their area...it is also believed that there weren't many of them in the beginning with.
Excellence presentation , thank you so much! The young woman relaying questions is talking so low it’s hard to hear her. She needs to open up and project her voice instead of talking at the back of her mouth.
Climate change (volcanic) could have wiped out Neanderthals AND modern humans in Europe, but we were able to repopulate due to our wider distribution. Anyone got an issue with that argument?
Neanderthals were a high energy form. The derived physiology of high energy physique places that form at a disadvantage within a larger population when faced with times of mass starvation of famine they would be the first to die.
Perhaps we alone survived not because our bones changed, but because our brains did. I am not a scientist. I have read that something like 37% of Neanderthal skulls exhibited brain trauma. Today, on rare occasions, individuals with brain trauma suddenly develop acquired savant syndrome, where they have an epiphany of some kind. If this has been happening to early homo sapiens and not other species, then perhaps something in our brains allowed us to have sudden quantum leaps of intelligence where an individual started cave painting or using an atlatl. The innovation would spread to the group and then other groups. The study of acquired savant syndrome only goes back a couple hundred years, so I do not know how it can be substantiated two hundred millennia in the past. I know its effects exist today and may have influenced our past.
On a scale of physiological variation skull shape, chin configuration are not written in stone. Aboriginal Australians have had skulls set next to neanderthal skulls as an example of a modern archaic human by people who say such things as arrived modern somehow showing evolutionary superiority. Always no matter how far back you go all humans were modern. Humans are derived, yesterday, today, and in future.
No material verifiable testable EVIDENCE that we aren't the only species left. And are you seriously bringing up a freaking Pseudoscience Sasquatch goofball like Jeffrey Meldrum??? 🙄 Bigfoots in Ohio🤣😂Indeed...you find them in high numbers at Trump rallys and here and then in freaking Walmart. Meldrum= "The Government is hiding the truth...they are hiding Bigfoot....deep state conspiracy." Please don't bring grifters and con men into serious scientific discussion. Thanks.
I seen your comment that you deleted or the content creators deleted. Calling me a different word for simple minded doesn't erase the fact that your the one falling for big foot conspiracy theories in 2023 as an grown adult. Maybe my comment is a little bit over the top aggressive....I'm just tired of reading nonsense. And your question plus your proposed "authority" on a presentation of an actual expert (Chris Stringer) that presents actual science....no. Here is the line....this....THIS!!!!....is where we draw the line (Outraged Captain Picard Voice when he smashed the miniature models in Star Trek Nemesis).
I have a question. Does every science have a proverbial "junk drawer" that they throw all of the ooparts into, and then just ignore, or is that something unique to Archaeology? What is the most anomalous odd ball thing that geneticists have found so far? Is it being ignored? Why?
Couldn’t you possibly prepare to go on TH-cam by making sure all your technical issues are resolved before beginning? The opening to this video was one of the most unprofessional presentations I’ve ever seeen from an established institution. Ridiculous.
Interesting and somewhat spoiled by painfully shy moderator. Can’t hear what she is saying. Nonetheless , a very good presentation and as an academic criminologist I am very focused and interested on variances in demographics, innate traits and socialisation differences between modern African , European and Chinese, and SE Asian populations. For instance many studies clearly demonstrate differences (bell curves) in IQ, propensity for violence, propensity to conform, spatial awareness, innovation, dexterity, tolerance to cold, etc. This is not addressed. Issues such as Vitamin D，diet, daylight hours, adaption to harsh conditions + recent evolution between races not addressed - I guess a mine field in this day and age where positive discrimination tends to prove that some races need a helping hand to counter natural selection, fitness, success. Also, as someone who was asymptomatic to Covid I wonder why some people died and whether this would be a modern day reason (medical intervention exempted) for natural selection and might be a reason for Neanderthal extinction - like flu on North American populations. Also things like Chinese cannot tolerate alcohol and Africans have propensity to sickle cell anemia Does this not suggest everyone outside Africa is a hybrid and like mongrel dogs better adapted, more successful and longer living. Africa does seem to fall behind the rest of the world despite high populations and abundance of resources !!! Too controversial?
Will you archaeologists and geneticists stop referring to Neanderthal, Denisovan, Erectus, Habilis hominins as human ancestors. They only branched off 5700-to-4502bc, (NOT from 5,700,00-to-45,020ya.) from the ADAMITE lineage, just as WE did, but from the YAREDIY peoples. But ALL people today originate from the family of NOAH. Which includes four female lineages, and twenty five paternal branches. I am most certain that geneticist have already found this to be a fact.
Another big confusion with human evolution, is your failure to separate pre-flood 5700-to-4502bc (NOT from 570,000-to-45,020ya), findings from post-flood findings of 4502bc, and (NOT from 45,020ya). This is why your confusing hominins with and as human ancestors. They just shared the same environmental geographic habitats, ate plants and and animals from these same habitats, and shared common ancestry from perfect human ADAMITES of 6764-to-4502bc, (NOT from 6,764,000-to- 45,020ya). These are the ONLY reasons for genetic similarity.
Thank you for publishing this! It's always great to get real science on the web.
What an excellent presentation. Thank you to Prof. Stringer, and to UCL Genetics Society for hosting and sharing this. Wonderful.
I'll watch just about any lecture by Dr Stringer I can find. His life experience and observations of the "evolution of evolution" add credibility to his observations so clearly stared. The last 20-30 years have been exciting times in this discipline.
Very impressed by the depth of the professor's knowledge. Very clear and convincing answers.
Stringer is a beast. Love all of his talks.
Thank you for advising being careful inference based on a small section of skull! I very much liked your video ! I have felt for a long time that there was a lot of diversity in ancient human species! I've guessed that different different natural disasters and climate changes have prevented that many outliers and when they did were likely to have those populations decimated!
Thank you Prof. Stringer. For anyone reading this post I'm currently researching Neandertal ancestry in sub-Saharan populations, and attempting to determine if all indigenous sub-Saharans have Neandertal genes. If anyone can assist in clarifying this topic, or suggest academic papers/online resources I would be much appreciative. Thank you.
Thank you for sharing this wonderful talk.
A follow-up to a previous comment I made: Regarding Prof. Stringer's interpretation at ~ 23:00 at which he states Neanderthals and today's populations are not the same species - Our hard (osseous) morphology may differ from Neanderthals, but what about the soft tissue? Today we have very different morphological populations based on height, weight, and soft tissue appearance, as well as different disease problems. Today we have prognathous populations, and flat-faced populations. Some people with big brow ridges and thick skulls, and others that are more gracile. Some populations are very tall (e.g., East Africa), and others very short (e.g., African Pygmies, some East Asian peoples). Yet, today we are still the same species, regardless of osseous morphology. So why not consider Neanderthals and the surviving H. sapiens as the same species? Clearly, morphology is an adaptation to local/regional ecological conditions with some possible drift, but it is not a golden standard for determining speciation.
Wonderfull presentation. Im from Indonesia and working at Sangiran Museum which were Homo erectus (Sangiran 17) found in Sangiran Site
Wonderful thank you so much for your time making this video
Wonderful..so interesting, fascinating.
Still the absolute authority in his field. Phenomenal post...
@31:40 I have a question: Since modern populations in the Philippines and Australasia have about 2% neanderthal and 4% Denisovan DNA what is the breakdown (percentage-wise) of the homo luzonensis and homo floresiensis since they are “local” to that area?
No DNA has been found yet, only bones....
"Four West African populations - Yoruba, Esan, Mende, and Gambian - derive 2 to 19% of their genetic ancestry from a yet-undiscovered species of archaic hominin "
How is that even possible? Does this mean west africans are hybrid species? 20% is HUGE that must have major effects on how they look and behave?
I can't get stright answers on this, nobody will touch it because racism. I agree racism is bad, let's get past that please and just talk about human evolution non-judgmentally.
@@EugenioFilippi No .. DNA couldn't be "pulled" due to temperature and damp surroundings. The hotter and more humid the surroundings and elements surrounding the fossils ...the less chances of being able to sequence the DNA of these fossils...
"With such success in recovering ancient DNA from neanderthals and Denisovans, unimaginable even fifteen years ago, it may seem strange that there have not been a plethora of papers comparing ancient DNA from archaic populations in many other regions. But the reality is that tropical and subtropical conditions with high temperatures or humidity, or both, severely affect ancient DNA preservation, which is most unfortunate in a case like Homo Floresiensis, where authentic DNA could have rapidly resolved the fierce arguments about it's status as an archaic species or a strange variant of modern humans."
- Chris Stringer ( Lone Survivors, Page 201 )
Thank you for the interesting lecture.
Great show!
More of this please
Thank you so very much for this!
Been following this (the human) story for over fifty years and read about some of the earlier research on the origins of species. The one constant in this story is it is always changing as new fossils turn up. Sometimes (in the past) scientists have come to conclusions by the discovery of a single tooth and I note the Denisiven fossil record is very small (from a finger bone they got different DNA to Neanderthals). Maybe the eventual conclusions, if there is going to be one, will be quite different from what we believe today. It might even be more human species and the origins might have been from Asia or Europe
So interesting.....DNA evidence in sediment!! Great video.
@42:00 Until a few years ago it was routinely said that sub-saharans had no neanderthal DNA. The discovery of sub-saharans having neanderthal DNA thats more archaic than the sapiens who left Africa can mean 2 things. 1) That an earlier (before the 60k event ie like 100k) sapien migration out of Africa mixed with neanderthals and then traveling back into sub-sahara Africa. 2) Neanderthals traveled to sub-sahara and mixed with a sapiens population before the exodus 60K years ago.
Great talk as always.
I am layman and I understood it !!!
Yes 'Anupam Sinha', so do I. : )
Why don't they show the Denisovans with epicanthic folds on the eyes? Or even the Neanderthals?
Thankyou ❤
We (modern humans) banded together in tribes, developed better weapons and simply wiped out everyone else. We were natural and ruthless conquerors.
Such rapid evolution must mean isolation then interbreeding of populations. The larger frontal cortex must have being the winner over the more robust physicality and adaptation to environment of the Neanderthal
thank ypu
It’s it the rule now to refer to the “Chinese” Tibetan Plateau
Could I suggest in the kindest terms to the Lady interviewer- Please raise your voice!
I start do think, if there is possible to recreate neanderthal using people most % of neanderthal different genes and breed them together, so first generation is 5%, second 10% and so waiter ?
I've heard that all neanderthal genes carried by sapiens today would add up to about 50% of a total neanderthal genetic makeup. So you could never "recreate" a neanderthal to 100%. At least, that's how I understand it.
technically we would have to make large progenies between people with differing neanderthal genomic regions and select for those that retain all, or most, and then intercross these Neanderthal enriched people of different crosses again the same way. I'll let you decide on the morality :)
great presentation... perhaps underestimating homo sapient propensity for warfare
Most injuries of existing fossils are from animals....there has been research on this. I think they compared the injuries with large data sets and the best fit was a set of data from cowboys (Rodeo) being injured from animals.
The evidence is just not there. But of course it is clear that the neanderthals pretty much disappeared right after we spread into their area...it is also believed that there weren't many of them in the beginning with.
Yes very nice❤❤❤❤ 0:17
I swear I went through basic training with your Neanderthal guy back in 72.
Don't recall his name. He went by Tork. Arkansas guy.
😂😂😂
how many cubic centimeters was Homo Longis brain volume
👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
there is not a conexion with neandertals
they got together
not the same
43:55 climate:(
Excellence presentation , thank you so much! The young woman relaying questions is talking so low it’s hard to hear her. She needs to open up and project her voice instead of talking at the back of her mouth.
I had to turn on closed captioning to understand the questions she presented.
But she is very cute! Let her be.
Climate change (volcanic) could have wiped out Neanderthals AND modern humans in Europe, but we were able to repopulate due to our wider distribution. Anyone got an issue with that argument?
Neanderthals were a high energy form. The derived physiology of high energy physique places that form at a disadvantage within a larger population when faced with times of mass starvation of famine they would be the first to die.
Perhaps we alone survived not because our bones changed, but because our brains did. I am not a scientist. I have read that something like 37% of Neanderthal skulls exhibited brain trauma. Today, on rare occasions, individuals with brain trauma suddenly develop acquired savant syndrome, where they have an epiphany of some kind. If this has been happening to early homo sapiens and not other species, then perhaps something in our brains allowed us to have sudden quantum leaps of intelligence where an individual started cave painting or using an atlatl. The innovation would spread to the group and then other groups. The study of acquired savant syndrome only goes back a couple hundred years, so I do not know how it can be substantiated two hundred millennia in the past. I know its effects exist today and may have influenced our past.
The brain trauma was from falling off from horses and hunting.
On a scale of physiological variation skull shape, chin configuration are not written in stone. Aboriginal Australians have had skulls set next to neanderthal skulls as an example of a modern archaic human by people who say such things as arrived modern somehow showing evolutionary superiority. Always no matter how far back you go all humans were modern. Humans are derived, yesterday, today, and in future.
Early stage
God turned a bug inside out and said first gets most
If all Human's today are from a group who left Africa 60,000 years ago ... what the heck happened to those other species who stayed behind????
Africans
The map conveniently excludes North America and the chance that a non- Homo sapiens hominid had been in the Americas.
Because there is too little evidence pointing to that?
Why are we the only ones left? Well, someone had to go extinct last.
But ARE we the only species left? See Professor Jeffrey Meldrum
No material verifiable testable EVIDENCE that we aren't the only species left.
And are you seriously bringing up a freaking Pseudoscience Sasquatch goofball like Jeffrey Meldrum???
🙄
Bigfoots in Ohio🤣😂Indeed...you find them in high numbers at Trump rallys and here and then in freaking Walmart.
Meldrum= "The Government is hiding the truth...they are hiding Bigfoot....deep state conspiracy."
Please don't bring grifters and con men into serious scientific discussion.
Thanks.
@@Raydensheraj I don't comverse with idiots
I seen your comment that you deleted or the content creators deleted. Calling me a different word for simple minded doesn't erase the fact that your the one falling for big foot conspiracy theories in 2023 as an grown adult. Maybe my comment is a little bit over the top aggressive....I'm just tired of reading nonsense. And your question plus your proposed "authority" on a presentation of an actual expert (Chris Stringer) that presents actual science....no. Here is the line....this....THIS!!!!....is where we draw the line (Outraged Captain Picard Voice when he smashed the miniature models in Star Trek Nemesis).
A talk that probably won't age well... interesting tho.
I have a question. Does every science have a proverbial "junk drawer" that they throw all of the ooparts into, and then just ignore, or is that something unique to Archaeology? What is the most anomalous odd ball thing that geneticists have found so far? Is it being ignored? Why?
To 😮t? G😢gv
Couldn’t you possibly prepare to go on TH-cam by making sure all your technical issues are resolved before beginning? The opening to this video was one of the most unprofessional presentations I’ve ever seeen from an established institution. Ridiculous.
Exactly! It’s absolutely OUTRAGEOUS! I’m suing for pain and suffering! 🤬🥺😭
Interesting and somewhat spoiled by painfully shy moderator. Can’t hear what she is saying. Nonetheless , a very good presentation and as an academic criminologist I am very focused and interested on variances in demographics, innate traits and socialisation differences between modern African , European and Chinese, and SE Asian populations. For instance many studies clearly demonstrate differences (bell curves) in IQ, propensity for violence, propensity to conform, spatial awareness, innovation, dexterity, tolerance to cold, etc. This is not addressed. Issues such as Vitamin D，diet, daylight hours, adaption to harsh conditions + recent evolution between races not addressed - I guess a mine field in this day and age where positive discrimination tends to prove that some races need a helping hand to counter natural selection, fitness, success.
Also, as someone who was asymptomatic to Covid I wonder why some people died and whether this would be a modern day reason (medical intervention exempted) for natural selection and might be a reason for Neanderthal extinction - like flu on North American populations. Also things like Chinese cannot tolerate alcohol and Africans have propensity to sickle cell anemia
Does this not suggest everyone outside Africa is a hybrid and like mongrel dogs better adapted, more successful and longer living. Africa does seem to fall behind the rest of the world despite high populations and abundance of resources !!! Too controversial?
Controversial? You mean the painfully shy young woman????
Will you archaeologists and geneticists stop referring to Neanderthal, Denisovan, Erectus, Habilis hominins as human ancestors. They only branched off 5700-to-4502bc, (NOT from 5,700,00-to-45,020ya.) from the ADAMITE lineage, just as WE did, but from the YAREDIY peoples. But ALL people today originate from the family of NOAH. Which includes four female lineages, and twenty five paternal branches. I am most certain that geneticist have already found this to be a fact.
Another big confusion with human evolution, is your failure to separate pre-flood 5700-to-4502bc (NOT from 570,000-to-45,020ya), findings from post-flood findings of 4502bc, and (NOT from 45,020ya). This is why your confusing hominins with and as human ancestors. They just shared the same environmental geographic habitats, ate plants and and animals from these same habitats, and shared common ancestry from perfect human ADAMITES of 6764-to-4502bc, (NOT from 6,764,000-to- 45,020ya). These are the ONLY reasons for genetic similarity.
Out of Africa does not work for me