It’s actually crazy how competent chuck has gotten in astrophysics and theoretical physics over the years. Like this guy has a deep understanding of casual understanding such that he can question for us laymen cause we ain’t there to question Neil and liu ourselves
And add Gary to that, continuing to represent those of us who have not been able to keep up with Chuck. Not a criticism! A wholly sincere compliment and expression of gratitude. Keep throwing out your curious layman questions, Gary👍 And when Gary gets there, StarTalk will need yet another brilliant mind waiting to get turned on to the universe.
Chuck Lord Nice probably has an IQ of 130 or more; I'm just guessing. Maybe even 140-ish. But he's public confirmation that someone without formal training (I assume he's not a formally trained physicist or other degreed scientist of any kind) can comprehend this stuff on some level, given that the material is explained properly.
There have been so many great guests on this show,but when Charles Liu is on you know that you are in for a treat. His ability to convey extremely complex ideas in such a simple way is extraordinary!
Mr. Liu explains it in a way that not only do I not feel dumb when he's explaining it. In fact, I can follow along and I feel as if I am smarter than I gave myself credit for lol.
Please for the love of God tell me nobody believes this stuff traveling backwards and forwards in time really he actually said that with a straight face straight face
Chuck better stick around forever, I thought I was only watching the show because I love astrophysics but this guy is making it a thousand times better!
"Hey little gluon!" loooolll The way the mind of that guy works... Well, I guess it's the same for any great comedian, the ability to make unexpected leaps that are inherently funny, but he also connects back seamlessly to the subject matter, which is the really amazing thing.
Chuck is a really smart guy, he understands a lot of these trickier and philosophical scientific concepts and has a lot of good jokes. Glad he's on here for sure.
I, too, appreciate Chuck Nice. He's smart, but as far as I know, he doesn't have a science education. He shows that a smart person who cares and pays attention can learn, and understand, anything that comes at him.
“But how is that the same electron?” Had me rolling! Going into my undergrad in physics, Chuck’s mindset gives me such confidence knowing that out-of-the-box thinking is still extremely valuable and is maybe more, if not equally important to memorising equations! You’re an inspiration my guy!
Absolutely. The ability to THINK, to ask relevant questions and pursue a line of reasoning and deduce new information from experiments and/or observations, and then ask new questions based on that, (lather, rinse, repeat, ad infinitum) is THE most valuable tool in science. It's the basis of the Scientific Method, the step-by-step process of scientific learning. Anyone can be a scientist or researcher of sorts by learning and following the Scientific Method.
@@kellyrobinson1780 Couldn’t have said it better myself. There’s not many (if any at all) fields of work where criticism is encouraged, everyone’s ideas are evaluated equally - and what I believe to be most important quality, is the ability to accept when you are incorrect, and work around the problem to an objective solution that everyone can understand. These are the kind of traits and characteristics that I want to live the rest of my life with. Science for the win!!! (former electrician getting ready for phys undergrad 25yrs)
To be clear: Antimatter does NOT actually travel backwards in time. The difference with normal matter is the reversed chirality and charge, there is no time symmetry here. Only matter made of negative energy actually travels back in time, but that is also the reason why negative energy cannot exist in this reality, only as virtual particles. Negative energy could have existed in a universe before the big bang.
I never imagined that I will see you talking about the Hungarian language in StarTalk. Respect to Charles for his correct knowledge about the Hungarian word he knows. Great session as always.
Is it just me -- apparently not, judging by the comments below -- or is this one of the all-time gems of StarTalk? You guys just complimenting and elucidating on each other, helping us laymen grasp/envision our universe in ways that are normally very hard to access. Love it. Love you guys.
Whoa, my mind is doing backflips! This is some serious mind-bending stuff. If there's only one electron in the entire universe, does that mean we're all connected in some crazy quantum way? And the idea of a backwards-running universe is blowing my mind! Great episode, guys! Makes me want to go back and rewatch Tenet! 😉
Loved this episode. When I hear these guys talk I wish I was a bit more passionate about physics in high school. There’s so much to learn and discover still.
He’s a professor at my school, he is indeed a very wonderful person and is amazing to talk to about science! Very funny as well. I have a video on my phone somewhere of him singing Hot Patootie from Rocky Horror Picture Show
Interesting. If electrons and positrons are the same thing going in opposite directions in time, then that means that when we "see" them mutually annihilating each other, it's really just one particle changing direction. Mind blown!
@@vibehighestI'll admit i was confused about his presence initially and his corny jokes, but he's grown on me a lot. Now when he's not there, i feel empty
Chuck is learning right along with many of us non scientists. And it's fun-da-mental. Sorry, that just came to me. Now I'll be wondering about electrons all day.
Charles liu with Chuck is the greatest duo...Chuck, always asking extremely intriguing questions and Charles answering it so complex yet in such a simple manner I love it!! You can never get enough of these two 🙏🏼
@@BobbbyJoeKlop Dirac noticed solutions to his equation for the electron that he had to explain, he had a bit of complex solution, when it turned out the Dirac Equation predicted anti-electrons , he said "His equation was smarter than him."
Chuck thought at 9:45 demonstrates the only think that he's laking of (in comparison with Neil and Charles), is a paper-print diploma: Absolute brilliant thinking. 👏👏👏👏 P.S. Sorry for my english. Regards from Uruguay
he made a point that i feel was a very relevant and logical. nice Chuck... if you ever see my comment and think of it at the right moment... i would love to hear you say "Chucky wanna play." lol pleeeeeeeeeeasseeeeeee!
1:35 Fabioda. "Is it true that every single electron in the universe is the same one [electron]?" (See Dr Richard Gott for more.) 14:30 Jay Swami: "[Might] time itself [be] multidimensional?" (16:35 The element of Time in the _conventional_ spacetime metric takes on a _negative_ sign, in contrast to the positive signs of the three spatial elements of the metric: temporal dimensions are treated differently than are spatial dimensions.) 22:20 Jared. (About the "illusion of time".) "Is time not a direction, but a 'ledger' or 'book' that records the state of everything? If nothing should change, would time not pass? Since, by rearranging particles, one could return to some [prior or future] state in this logbook of the universe, is it conceivable that time remains constant-as with the rate of lettering on the pages of a logbook-and that objects 'read through' this book at different rates due to the 'cramping of text' on the page? 26:15 Isaac. "Is it possible to detect quantum particles or quantum wave fields that don't interact with gravity or the electromagnetic wave field?" (29:00 Yes, we have: using the strong nuclear force and gluons (bosons).) 35:20 David. "Orange looks like a mixture of red and yellow and it lies between red and yellow; green looks like a mixture of yellow and blue and it lies between yellow and blue; why does violet look like a mixture of blue and red while it lies past blue [and away from red]?" 39:45 Sara[h?]. "What is special about the "speed" of causality [the speed of light]-in that, in going any faster than their already maximum speed [in vacuum], they should travel 'backwards' in time? If such speed were not a barrier, would photons travel even more rapidly? Do _photons_ set "the speed limit [of objects within the universe]?" 48:55 Leon. "What is the greatest achievement of astrophysics, so far, according to the two Drs." P.S. What a great cast this was. I enjoyed the witty banter and the variety in styles of jokes. Please, keep bringing back such great attendants! P.P.S. As a longtime viewer on TH-cam and an avid hobbyist of the sciences since I was capable of asking questions, I ask you hosts and the audience, what online resources do you all use to find quick references of concepts/assumptions/equations of particular fields of study, and, perhaps, intuitive explainers on the relationships between those, and summaries of (active or unexpanded) research on open questions? If such resources exist, I, and no doubt others, would find them immensely helpful in hitting the ground running on topics related to our current studies. P.P.S. Mr Liu, your smile reminds me of a dear one whom I have not seen in many years. Thank you for bringing her to mind tonight.
To the last question, IMO, the greatest discovery in modern times is when Einstein wrote his theory of relativity which indirectly led to the discovery quantum physics. Without these two, we would NOT have the technologies that led to other discoveries that we now have in our daily lives. For all human history, the physical discovery of the ability to use objects in our environment as tools, most notably the wheel and the sharp point/edge and the utilization of fire. The significant mental discovery would be when we learned to ask HOW and learned to use logical reasoning to effect solutions.
I just wanted to clarify that Lincoln, Nebraska is the home of the Runza. Barbecue and wheat come to mind when i think of Kansas. I'm a huge fan of everyone that has been a part of this show. Neil and Chuck never fail to make me laugh and learn at the same time. The show featuring Will Harris was my favorite one so far. I was excited that everything he does working with nature was discussed on a show with such a vast and diverse following. Keep spreading knowledge fellas.
Perturbations within a singular field of an as yet named force capable of transverse communication during interactions with photons for energy conservation may be interpreted as an electron or positron detection when observed from our singular perspective of time. Just a thought. I could be wrong.
I lived on this earth for 32 years with a learnig disabilty that has made me have a debilitating fear of learning in traditional educational settings. Thank you for making this podcast. You guys make learning sound so fun and interesting and the way you guys geek out about complex topics just a breath of fresh air.
Im going to he honest, that was one of the most enjoyable podcasts I have ever listened to! Everyone was just on top form and in their flow state throughout! Thanks guys
Yes but he did not pose the question: if an electron is a wave form it must always appear as moving forward. E.g. floating in an ocean at any point in time the wave just has influence at that point in time. If it has more than 1 dimensions of time, we can allow if it influence itself. A horrible breaking of the kiss principle. Only way for this to work is the electron wave has its own divergent timeline
As a man of African and European descent living in America, I enjoy Chucks comments, spreading the black experience. We laugh and reflect on our pain. Love what guys and women do, behind the screen and in front of it.
It's an entirely higher level of mind relaxation combined with accreting knowledge, point on delivered laughter and actually learning about some of the deepest mysteries of the universe ❤️❤️ Love science ❤️ Love Startalk ❤❤ Love physics ❤❤❤
Correction: No you CAN NOT detect electrons with the strong nuclear force (gluonic force) because electrons are NOT composite particles, rather they are elementary particles not being bound by the gluonic force. The only subatomic particles that feel the strong nuclear force would be nuclei such as protons and neutrons.
The single electron theory is interesting, but in a practical sense; if you were to capture that single electron does that make the entire universe disappear since it can not freely exist everywhere else at once due to being held. 😁
That is not true. There is an escape it is far beyond the quantum level. The electron will simply jump away and not be seen. Easily explained with the subconscious. In your conscious mind the picture jumps into the subconscious. All one electron. Communication, and travel. Explains Universe as consciousness and life as subconscious. We are in the subconscious universe. Energy is conscious. and consciousness. Hive mind. This explains humankind understanding from observation. We see the universe and suddenly we understand how it is working. Knowledge is great.
Electrons are waves in a field. There is only one electron field. The particles are only excitations of that field. So there is only one Electron. Which is the field Itself
@@ronaldbailey438 Electromagnetic field is the result of having the electron in minerals Iron ferrite, cobalt, Gold, you get it? In space the dominating particle is sub-atomic. You know smaller than the electron? Yet acts like the electron. Or the electron acts like sub-atomic particles being that the electron is a particle. Let me get deeper. The field of electromagnetism is surrounded by a gravitational field. Or and a centrifugal vortex. These are all fields of force. Electro because of the electron Gravity a field. Unexplained entirely Centrifugal force also a vortex which is a field of its own. This is basic physic. Chemistry does not look into the subatomic because it is by far worse for chemical combinations. Let the electron combine the protons and neutrons to form the molecular structure and take it from there to get endorphins, melanocytes, doper mines, and what have you.
Sooo... (11:00) Does this mean when we are downwind of the forefathers or elders but we want to go forward, those who come after must also attain an equivalent or higher force than those who have established the standard for us to undertake thier roles? Or do we fail most times to include the backwards and forward momentum together to determine when we can move ahead? Sooo (16:40) if I happen to see a bridge with a bright glow and I go over to check it out and it takes me 10mins to look around and converse with those folks but on the walk back it takes 2 years to fully come back to this side of the bridge. Would that also mean there are some concepts of time that will by default be tweaked on this side of the bridge to fill in missing bits for the arrow of time?
5:00 No, the electrons are not identical, due to difference in their position, causing them to have different temperature. 🆗️ Even if they are the same electron, still, its properties like temperature, amount of megnetic charge etc. I dont know. If the position is chsnged, the properties must have changed as well
The electron moving back an forth and being seen at the same time reminded me of the old TV screens where an electron scanned back and forth across the screen to create an image that we would see. But here we are talking about moving in all directions at once.
04:44 Just because we don't currently know how to accurately distinguish if electrons are unique doesn't mean they aren't distinct. Just because we don't know an answer to something doesn't mean we get to make one up.
I bet if Terrance had some "verifiable" data--he would be on the show! He obviously has a great imagination but now he has got to submit papers, let his ideas be scrutinized; be tested and re-tested. Which is the exact same process that any reputable scientist would go through.
@@Leuneurd1 Absolutely-I’ve read that he applied for many patents and may hold an augmented reality patent. He seems like a brilliant imaginative guy. But he’s not an Astro physicist-and the one degree he holds is in dispute: (many claim it is an “honorary” engineering degree.) But even if it were not in dispute, he still has no background, and has submitted no papers on physics of any kind.
Guys, please like this so star talk can see this. What if there are infinite electrons, but it is just certain quarks with sides that are attracted to each other causing the electron to be identical and can only be put together in a certain way.
Chuck Nice, often seen as the comedic counterpart to Neal's more knowledgeable persona, frequently offers unexpected insights into physics. Although not his primary field, Chuck has shown a keen intellect. For example, here he challenged the one-electron hypothesis by proposing a scenario where two electrons collide and annihilate each other. This thought-provoking idea highlights Chuck's sharp mind and ability to think creatively. Impressive work!
15:05 So before I hear their answer regarding this question, I was pondering it yesterday... And my thought process brought me to this... You can move left and right in time just to like you can move forward and backward. But this would implicate that there is a multi-universe theory. Because in one universe at that moment in time you are infinitely everywhere. So let's say that you need a drink but you're in the bedroom at that time. If you move left or right through time, it's not necessarily you moving through time rather you would be moving through universes to get to where you need to go without time moving forward. So if I need a drink I move through the universe's left or right through time to find the universe that has me in the kitchen and as I'm in the kitchen I'm moving through universes of me grabbing the drink and me drinking the drink and so on and so forth but time has not moved it is just my consciousness, which is now where I get tripped up, my consciousness that is moving through these universes to carry out the action that I would like to have carried out without time moving forward or backward. So that is my interpretation and now I would like to see and hear what they say... *Edit: which means that everything that could happen at that moment in time did happen. Which is interesting because you think of going through time as being born and then to your death. Whereas this is you're already alive but it's still can lead to your death... And there could be a spot of infinite actions that do not lead to death. And there could be a spot of infinite actions that do not lead to any number of actions. Maybe you never eat no matter what at that specific moment in time in all of the universes...
I have a 7 year old that is dying to meet you. I know everyone has the smartest kid in the world, and of course mine is no different. But where others want stuffed animals, barbies, video games, and fun stuff for birthdays and holidays, she instead wanted a telescope to see the stars. Instead of wanting to read fantasy stories about princesses and unicorns, she prefers national geographics about the universe, and of course she has your book... astrophysics for people in a hurry and she begs to read it every night before bed. She is always wondering why the universe is the way it is, how it came to be, and where it will be in the future. What will happen if this one small universal variable is changed. She is probably one of your biggest young fans in all honesty. Anyways just wanted to say you're an inspiration to many and we all love your videos, lectures, and shows!
well, that conversation between John Wheeler and Richard Feynman about the one-electron universe, could be interpreted differently too and they were just close or forgot to add the word "field" to it, as in a single electron-field for the entire universe. Fields are everywhere and fluctuations cause them to be non-zero, so a single electron-positron-field, a single gluon-field, a single up-quark-anti-up-quark-field,... That could still be easier to grasp. An electron is just a specific amount of energy on that particular field at that particular place and location in time, but the electron-field is everywhere, but does it have an energy of its own and what kind of energy?
When Chuck says, "That sounds crazy", he is echoing my exact same thought. Modern physics is pretty out there when compared to our day to day existence. Talk about food for thought!
Question! Can a proton possibly exceed the speed of light if it were tested in a contained black hole? Meaning if a vacuum allows protons to move the speed of light My question is, is or can the gravity of a black hole pull a proton faster than a proton moving through a vacuum? 42:10
43:25 no the light isn't going slower in the medium. The photons are still travelling at the speed of light, it's just that they are bouncing off the molecules that medium that's why they seem to be travelling slower.
I really appreciate how Charles Liu approaches topics, bringing together his vast knowledge (from a bright mind continually learning) with a bent towards using every day experience and explaining how physics works to explain and enhance our understanding of these experiences. I went directly and got The Handy Physics Answer Book and will get his Quantum Physics book when it is released in July. Thanks!
When talking about color, you must specify if you are talking about direct light or reflected light. They behave very differently. The pure green or orange light is direct light - the mixes to produce those colors are in reflected light. The combination of all colors in direct light produces white. The combination of all colors in reflected light produces black.
Hi! I have a question that is way off this topic. I don't know who to ask. I know the Sun and planets are orbiting Sagitarius A* every 250 million years or so. My question is does everything else orbit the central buldge or whatever it's called? Like, do the spiral arms turn? Do they go at different speeds than our solar system? I love this channel by the way! I really love Neil deGrasse Tyson!
I have a question. If in the future we had the technology to convert mass into energy and then reassembly it back again exactly as it was could we transport stuff at the speed of light?
Regarding the question about the speed of light, the best way I have ever heard it explained is that its got nothing to do with any intrinsic property of light at all. Rather its to do with the speed of causality - how fast, at the planck scale, one cause can have an effect of the space time co-ordinate adjacent to it. In the case of light we are dealing with an an electric field coupled with a magnetic field propagating along a path that is perpendicular to their amplitudes, and the position along that axis that the photon can be said to exist at any one instant is dictated by the oscilation of those fields; as the electric field increases by one "unit", the magnetic field decreased accordingly, and the position advances along the direction of travel by one planck length. So you see its all about causality and how fast that can happen. And this explanation for me ties in neatly with the relatively new idea in theoretical physics that time is an emergency property of the universe and not fundamental.
Decades ago in a physiological psychology course, graphs illustrated that humans perceive the spectrum in a stepwise fashion, while pigeons perceive it as smooth curve, as though they can see individual discreet wavelengths without resorting to color bands. I have never been defeated by a color vision test, but feel that I am no match for a pigeon.
Infinitely better episode than the last. Chuck and Gary are experts at hosting this complex discussion. Dr. Tyson and Liu are just genius at communicating these subjects.
Well I have a question Let's say there is only one electron throughout the universe... What about protons and neutrons and why limited elements electron can go on forever ..mm 🤔
Re: multiple dimensions of time, you could also ask whether there could be additional timelike dimensions that are orthogonal to the t that we perceive _OR_ you could ask whether the t we perceive is the total magnitude of multiple timelike dimensions that we can't independently perceive.
5:52 Antimatter was actually predicted by Paul Dirac in 1928, with the Dirac Equation - the first first theory to account fully for special relativity in the context of quantum mechanics. Four years later, Carl Anderson observed cosmic ray tracks curving the opposite direction to electrons in a magnetic field - the discovery of the positron, validating Dirac's idea.
It’s actually crazy how competent chuck has gotten in astrophysics and theoretical physics over the years. Like this guy has a deep understanding of casual understanding such that he can question for us laymen cause we ain’t there to question Neil and liu ourselves
And add Gary to that, continuing to represent those of us who have not been able to keep up with Chuck. Not a criticism! A wholly sincere compliment and expression of gratitude. Keep throwing out your curious layman questions, Gary👍
And when Gary gets there, StarTalk will need yet another brilliant mind waiting to get turned on to the universe.
Exactly, Chuck is making a lot more sense, than all the others put together. 😂
Chuck Lord Nice probably has an IQ of 130 or more; I'm just guessing. Maybe even 140-ish. But he's public confirmation that someone without formal training (I assume he's not a formally trained physicist or other degreed scientist of any kind) can comprehend this stuff on some level, given that the material is explained properly.
Making sense is not a feature of quantum mechanics as far as I can understand.@@wayneharrison
Heck, it's amazing how much I've learned. 🤯🤩🤯🤩
There have been so many great guests on this show,but when Charles Liu is on you know that you are in for a treat. His ability to convey extremely complex ideas in such a simple way is extraordinary!
Hear hear
Very reminiscent of Dr. Stephen Hawking's "A Brief History of Time".
Mr. Liu explains it in a way that not only do I not feel dumb when he's explaining it. In fact, I can follow along and I feel as if I am smarter than I gave myself credit for lol.
Please for the love of God tell me nobody believes this stuff traveling backwards and forwards in time really he actually said that with a straight face straight face
What if the first humans on earth actually arrived from another decaying planet in order to survive but the technology was lost and forgotten?
Chuck better stick around forever, I thought I was only watching the show because I love astrophysics but this guy is making it a thousand times better!
"Hey little gluon!" loooolll
The way the mind of that guy works... Well, I guess it's the same for any great comedian, the ability to make unexpected leaps that are inherently funny, but he also connects back seamlessly to the subject matter, which is the really amazing thing.
Chuck is a really smart guy, he understands a lot of these trickier and philosophical scientific concepts and has a lot of good jokes. Glad he's on here for sure.
Chucks comedic timing is spot on
He's been around forever. Don't think he's going anywhere
I, too, appreciate Chuck Nice. He's smart, but as far as I know, he doesn't have a science education. He shows that a smart person who cares and pays attention can learn, and understand, anything that comes at him.
He's great..had me laughing a few times but I get the feeling he really appreciates the topics.
He’s like the audience 💯 but yeah he’s sick though 🔥
@@CaptApril123 for sure, ... it showed in the passion he had when asking about dark matter and dark energy.
Can tou say script.
Yeah but the thing is physics is nothing without the math and equations and I bet he doesn't know much of that.... And neither do I ofcourse
“But how is that the same electron?” Had me rolling! Going into my undergrad in physics, Chuck’s mindset gives me such confidence knowing that out-of-the-box thinking is still extremely valuable and is maybe more, if not equally important to memorising equations! You’re an inspiration my guy!
Absolutely. The ability to THINK, to ask relevant questions and pursue a line of reasoning and deduce new information from experiments and/or observations, and then ask new questions based on that, (lather, rinse, repeat, ad infinitum) is THE most valuable tool in science. It's the basis of the Scientific Method, the step-by-step process of scientific learning. Anyone can be a scientist or researcher of sorts by learning and following the Scientific Method.
@@kellyrobinson1780 Couldn’t have said it better myself. There’s not many (if any at all) fields of work where criticism is encouraged, everyone’s ideas are evaluated equally - and what I believe to be most important quality, is the ability to accept when you are incorrect, and work around the problem to an objective solution that everyone can understand. These are the kind of traits and characteristics that I want to live the rest of my life with. Science for the win!!!
(former electrician getting ready for phys undergrad 25yrs)
To be clear: Antimatter does NOT actually travel backwards in time. The difference with normal matter is the reversed chirality and charge, there is no time symmetry here. Only matter made of negative energy actually travels back in time, but that is also the reason why negative energy cannot exist in this reality, only as virtual particles. Negative energy could have existed in a universe before the big bang.
I never imagined that I will see you talking about the Hungarian language in StarTalk. Respect to Charles for his correct knowledge about the Hungarian word he knows. Great session as always.
Elképeztő
Chuck, Charles, Gary and Neil 🟰🔥
If only these were the guys we got to vote for, this November.
the Fab 4, the Beatles of Astrophysics
The CCGN network lol
Neil=C^2/Gary.
Charles Liu is fascinating to listen to. A very good explainer with a vast spectrum of scientific knowledge. I enjoy seeing him as a guest every time.
Once upon a time I found the channel to listen to Neil, but over the years I’ve stayed for chuck
kids listen to neil, adults listen to chuck
Is it just me -- apparently not, judging by the comments below -- or is this one of the all-time gems of StarTalk? You guys just complimenting and elucidating on each other, helping us laymen grasp/envision our universe in ways that are normally very hard to access. Love it. Love you guys.
Charles and Neil together are my favorites. Love it when Charles and Neil challenged each other! Great episodes.
Go marry him then
@@jimbojimbo6873 wtf 😂
Whoa, my mind is doing backflips! This is some serious mind-bending stuff. If there's only one electron in the entire universe, does that mean we're all connected in some crazy quantum way? And the idea of a backwards-running universe is blowing my mind! Great episode, guys! Makes me want to go back and rewatch Tenet! 😉
OMG... don't go there. My mind could not ever accept the notion of kinship with MAGAdonians. 🤢🤮
Loved this episode. When I hear these guys talk I wish I was a bit more passionate about physics in high school. There’s so much to learn and discover still.
Charles elevates Chucks game
These should be +2 hours long! Wow, what a joy!
Just speed up your space ship .........
They lauded Richard Gott as being one they could listen to forever, and rightly so, but this group would also be great to listen to in perpetuity
Charles seems like the nicest guy in the world
He reminds me of my Uncle Glen. The way he talks and laughs are a perfect match
*You mean in the universe. Or Liuniverse
19:34 this is experience exavtly
@@norcalpacificnah, that would be me.
He’s a professor at my school, he is indeed a very wonderful person and is amazing to talk to about science! Very funny as well. I have a video on my phone somewhere of him singing Hot Patootie from Rocky Horror Picture Show
Interesting. If electrons and positrons are the same thing going in opposite directions in time, then that means that when we "see" them mutually annihilating each other, it's really just one particle changing direction. Mind blown!
love from a village in India
From which state brother?
There are many single men in India, be careful if you are a woman. (Especially if you are a tourist, you are an easy target for organized crime
@@virendrasahani6871 karnataka
Hope you're happy with the elections! Exciting
@@jannichi6431 yes we are happy. It was thrilling!
Never miss Liu. Have to rewind watch it again!
Every episode I appreciate Chuck more and more
i am glad people are catching on
@@vibehighestI'll admit i was confused about his presence initially and his corny jokes, but he's grown on me a lot. Now when he's not there, i feel empty
@@nostalgiatrip7331 agreed, he is the yin to Neils Yang
@@nostalgiatrip7331 also always great episodes when Charles is on, and i am waiting to see Andrew to come back on!
Chuck is learning right along with many of us non scientists. And it's fun-da-mental. Sorry, that just came to me.
Now I'll be wondering about electrons all day.
It is such a joy to watch the explanations from Professor Liu, so good. Thank you for getting this team together.
⁹⁹ⁿ
My favourite science guy Neil. I am also understanding science and I am grateful for these videos and their time.
Charles liu with Chuck is the greatest duo...Chuck, always asking extremely intriguing questions and Charles answering it so complex yet in such a simple manner
I love it!! You can never get enough of these two 🙏🏼
Non Stop Neil Action This Week! Lets Goooo!!!!
YESSSSSSS
@@RocketWithASmile OHHHH YEAAAAA 🚀🤘
More Charles Liu. Actually, more Gary, more Chuck and if Course more Doctor Tyson
Well I know what I'll be doing for the next hour.
Drinking? Same man, same
Hour number 2 of watching Niel today while I take care of my plants!
Watched some Clint's Reptiles and Lindsey Nikole earlier today. Now, Star Talk time. Life is good.
Can of Doritos and a weed pen I’m locked in.
@@cheapskatepanic😂😂😂
Charles is synonymous with elegance! It's honestly so great that a smart guy is good peoples....very rare in the Neil world
Damn I wish these were longer!!!
5:50 wasnt Paul Dirac who came with the antiparticle equation? Fermi was the neutrino guy as I remember...
Both major contributors to science.
100%. Came here to say this. It was Dirac that predicted antimatter. In 1928.
@@BobbbyJoeKlop Dirac noticed solutions to his equation for the electron that he had to explain, he had a bit of complex solution, when it turned out the Dirac Equation predicted anti-electrons , he said "His equation was smarter than him."
@@mikeottersole Cant agree more with you! Fermi and Dirac were real giants!
Chuck thought at 9:45 demonstrates the only think that he's laking of (in comparison with Neil and Charles), is a paper-print diploma: Absolute brilliant thinking. 👏👏👏👏
P.S. Sorry for my english. Regards from Uruguay
he made a point that i feel was a very relevant and logical. nice Chuck... if you ever see my comment and think of it at the right moment... i would love to hear you say "Chucky wanna play." lol pleeeeeeeeeeasseeeeeee!
1:35 Fabioda. "Is it true that every single electron in the universe is the same one [electron]?" (See Dr Richard Gott for more.)
14:30 Jay Swami: "[Might] time itself [be] multidimensional?" (16:35 The element of Time in the _conventional_ spacetime metric takes on a _negative_ sign, in contrast to the positive signs of the three spatial elements of the metric: temporal dimensions are treated differently than are spatial dimensions.)
22:20 Jared. (About the "illusion of time".) "Is time not a direction, but a 'ledger' or 'book' that records the state of everything? If nothing should change, would time not pass? Since, by rearranging particles, one could return to some [prior or future] state in this logbook of the universe, is it conceivable that time remains constant-as with the rate of lettering on the pages of a logbook-and that objects 'read through' this book at different rates due to the 'cramping of text' on the page?
26:15 Isaac. "Is it possible to detect quantum particles or quantum wave fields that don't interact with gravity or the electromagnetic wave field?" (29:00 Yes, we have: using the strong nuclear force and gluons (bosons).)
35:20 David. "Orange looks like a mixture of red and yellow and it lies between red and yellow; green looks like a mixture of yellow and blue and it lies between yellow and blue; why does violet look like a mixture of blue and red while it lies past blue [and away from red]?"
39:45 Sara[h?]. "What is special about the "speed" of causality [the speed of light]-in that, in going any faster than their already maximum speed [in vacuum], they should travel 'backwards' in time? If such speed were not a barrier, would photons travel even more rapidly? Do _photons_ set "the speed limit [of objects within the universe]?"
48:55 Leon. "What is the greatest achievement of astrophysics, so far, according to the two Drs."
P.S. What a great cast this was. I enjoyed the witty banter and the variety in styles of jokes. Please, keep bringing back such great attendants!
P.P.S. As a longtime viewer on TH-cam and an avid hobbyist of the sciences since I was capable of asking questions, I ask you hosts and the audience, what online resources do you all use to find quick references of concepts/assumptions/equations of particular fields of study, and, perhaps, intuitive explainers on the relationships between those, and summaries of (active or unexpanded) research on open questions? If such resources exist, I, and no doubt others, would find them immensely helpful in hitting the ground running on topics related to our current studies.
P.P.S. Mr Liu, your smile reminds me of a dear one whom I have not seen in many years. Thank you for bringing her to mind tonight.
You guys need to be having these conversations while sitting around a campfire. Passing around the peace pipe and megapint.
To the last question, IMO, the greatest discovery in modern times is when Einstein wrote his theory of relativity which indirectly led to the discovery quantum physics. Without these two, we would NOT have the technologies that led to other discoveries that we now have in our daily lives.
For all human history, the physical discovery of the ability to use objects in our environment as tools, most notably the wheel and the sharp point/edge and the utilization of fire. The significant mental discovery would be when we learned to ask HOW and learned to use logical reasoning to effect solutions.
First line of the video, "What if there's a universe working backwards" is enough to got me going for 54 minutes 🎉🥂
My favorite group of people on this channel! You compliment each other perfectly! Thank you for another great and humorous one 👍🏻☺️
I love y'all so much. Especially when all four of you are in the same episode! Okay! You talked me into it! I will become a member.
I just wanted to clarify that Lincoln, Nebraska is the home of the Runza. Barbecue and wheat come to mind when i think of Kansas. I'm a huge fan of everyone that has been a part of this show. Neil and Chuck never fail to make me laugh and learn at the same time. The show featuring Will Harris was my favorite one so far. I was excited that everything he does working with nature was discussed on a show with such a vast and diverse following. Keep spreading knowledge fellas.
Perturbations within a singular field of an as yet named force capable of transverse communication during interactions with photons for energy conservation may be interpreted as an electron or positron detection when observed from our singular perspective of time. Just a thought. I could be wrong.
"We are as amazing and as ordinary as every star in the sky." - Charles Liu
This gave me goosebumps..
CHUCK I LOVE YOU MAN @2:17
And 53:27 😂😂😂 what a gem !
There’s no need to shout.
The GEEK-IN-CHIEF is back!!! My favourite episodes also Chuck and Gary!! Just gold
Always a great show when Charles Liu is on, never disappoints.
Love this panel, long live StarTalk!
I lived on this earth for 32 years with a learnig disabilty that has made me have a debilitating fear of learning in traditional educational settings.
Thank you for making this podcast. You guys make learning sound so fun and interesting and the way you guys geek out about complex topics just a breath of fresh air.
Yess back with the OGs 🎉🎉
Im going to he honest, that was one of the most enjoyable podcasts I have ever listened to! Everyone was just on top form and in their flow state throughout! Thanks guys
Chuck is AWESOME!!
Yes but he did not pose the question: if an electron is a wave form it must always appear as moving forward. E.g. floating in an ocean at any point in time the wave just has influence at that point in time. If it has more than 1 dimensions of time, we can allow if it influence itself. A horrible breaking of the kiss principle. Only way for this to work is the electron wave has its own divergent timeline
As a man of African and European descent living in America, I enjoy Chucks comments, spreading the black experience. We laugh and reflect on our pain. Love what guys and women do, behind the screen and in front of it.
Chuck is just here to break the tension, and I'm here for it.
Chuck is intelligent and funny. I love his contribution
Just looked up a Richard Gott vid and I’d rather listen to Neil any….day….of my life
18:58 Kung Fu Panda is DreamWorks, Chuck...
Chuck is on another level, he thinks for himself, understands the verbatim, and has comedic outlook. He's not fixed.
I smiled so hard when I opened youtube and seen a new episode and for even more excited when I seen all 4 of you together😊
49:54 soooo what you are saying is Terrence Howard isn't crazy...
I see charles is on...i click...simple
It's an entirely higher level of mind relaxation combined with accreting knowledge, point on delivered laughter and actually learning about some of the deepest mysteries of the universe ❤️❤️
Love science ❤️ Love Startalk ❤❤ Love physics ❤❤❤
Great episode once again.
Correction: No you CAN NOT detect electrons with the strong nuclear force (gluonic force) because electrons are NOT composite particles, rather they are elementary particles not being bound by the gluonic force. The only subatomic particles that feel the strong nuclear force would be nuclei such as protons and neutrons.
If this wrong please correct me.
The single electron theory is interesting, but in a practical sense; if you were to capture that single electron does that make the entire universe disappear since it can not freely exist everywhere else at once due to being held. 😁
That is not true. There is an escape it is far beyond the quantum level. The electron will simply jump away and not be seen. Easily explained with the subconscious. In your conscious mind the picture jumps into the subconscious. All one electron. Communication, and travel. Explains Universe as consciousness and life as subconscious. We are in the subconscious universe. Energy is conscious. and consciousness. Hive mind. This explains humankind understanding from observation. We see the universe and suddenly we understand how it is working. Knowledge is great.
@@rafaelgonzalez4175wow. That was a mouthful
Electrons are waves in a field. There is only one electron field. The particles are only excitations of that field. So there is only one Electron. Which is the field Itself
@@ronaldbailey438 Electromagnetic field is the result of having the electron in minerals Iron ferrite, cobalt, Gold, you get it? In space the dominating particle is sub-atomic. You know smaller than the electron? Yet acts like the electron. Or the electron acts like sub-atomic particles being that the electron is a particle. Let me get deeper. The field of electromagnetism is surrounded by a gravitational field. Or and a centrifugal vortex. These are all fields of force. Electro because of the electron Gravity a field. Unexplained entirely Centrifugal force also a vortex which is a field of its own. This is basic physic. Chemistry does not look into the subatomic because it is by far worse for chemical combinations. Let the electron combine the protons and neutrons to form the molecular structure and take it from there to get endorphins, melanocytes, doper mines, and what have you.
Would love a full episode about the physics and biology of vision
Chuck is a gem
Sooo... (11:00) Does this mean when we are downwind of the forefathers or elders but we want to go forward, those who come after must also attain an equivalent or higher force than those who have established the standard for us to undertake thier roles? Or do we fail most times to include the backwards and forward momentum together to determine when we can move ahead?
Sooo (16:40) if I happen to see a bridge with a bright glow and I go over to check it out and it takes me 10mins to look around and converse with those folks but on the walk back it takes 2 years to fully come back to this side of the bridge. Would that also mean there are some concepts of time that will by default be tweaked on this side of the bridge to fill in missing bits for the arrow of time?
Nice try pronouncing 'egeszsegedre' :D. You were close.
5:00 No, the electrons are not identical, due to difference in their position, causing them to have different temperature. 🆗️
Even if they are the same electron, still, its properties like temperature, amount of megnetic charge etc. I dont know. If the position is chsnged, the properties must have changed as well
Im early asf
The electron moving back an forth and being seen at the same time reminded me of the old TV screens where an electron scanned back and forth across the screen to create an image that we would see. But here we are talking about moving in all directions at once.
Best watched when High! haha
04:44 Just because we don't currently know how to accurately distinguish if electrons are unique doesn't mean they aren't distinct. Just because we don't know an answer to something doesn't mean we get to make one up.
We need Terence Howard on the show please 🙏🏽
I bet if Terrance had some "verifiable" data--he would be on the show! He obviously has a great imagination but now he has got to submit papers, let his ideas be scrutinized; be tested and re-tested. Which is the exact same process that any reputable scientist would go through.
@@RodriguezCarlitos-hd7ti what about those 97 patents he has?
@@Leuneurd1 Absolutely-I’ve read that he applied for many patents and may hold an augmented reality patent. He seems like a brilliant imaginative guy. But he’s not an Astro physicist-and the one degree he holds is in dispute: (many claim it is an “honorary” engineering degree.) But even if it were not in dispute, he still has no background, and has submitted no papers on physics of any kind.
@@RodriguezCarlitos-hd7ti I definitely think he can have a great conversation with Neal. The man is super intelligent 👌🏽
Guys, please like this so star talk can see this. What if there are infinite electrons, but it is just certain quarks with sides that are attracted to each other causing the electron to be identical and can only be put together in a certain way.
Chuck Nice, often seen as the comedic counterpart to Neal's more knowledgeable persona, frequently offers unexpected insights into physics. Although not his primary field, Chuck has shown a keen intellect. For example, here he challenged the one-electron hypothesis by proposing a scenario where two electrons collide and annihilate each other. This thought-provoking idea highlights Chuck's sharp mind and ability to think creatively. Impressive work!
Chuck’s saying “That sounds insane!” Made my morning lol “I’m just going to be honest. That sounds insane!” Lols
15:05 So before I hear their answer regarding this question, I was pondering it yesterday...
And my thought process brought me to this...
You can move left and right in time just to like you can move forward and backward. But this would implicate that there is a multi-universe theory. Because in one universe at that moment in time you are infinitely everywhere. So let's say that you need a drink but you're in the bedroom at that time. If you move left or right through time, it's not necessarily you moving through time rather you would be moving through universes to get to where you need to go without time moving forward. So if I need a drink I move through the universe's left or right through time to find the universe that has me in the kitchen and as I'm in the kitchen I'm moving through universes of me grabbing the drink and me drinking the drink and so on and so forth but time has not moved it is just my consciousness, which is now where I get tripped up, my consciousness that is moving through these universes to carry out the action that I would like to have carried out without time moving forward or backward.
So that is my interpretation and now I would like to see and hear what they say...
*Edit: which means that everything that could happen at that moment in time did happen. Which is interesting because you think of going through time as being born and then to your death. Whereas this is you're already alive but it's still can lead to your death... And there could be a spot of infinite actions that do not lead to death. And there could be a spot of infinite actions that do not lead to any number of actions. Maybe you never eat no matter what at that specific moment in time in all of the universes...
I have a 7 year old that is dying to meet you. I know everyone has the smartest kid in the world, and of course mine is no different. But where others want stuffed animals, barbies, video games, and fun stuff for birthdays and holidays, she instead wanted a telescope to see the stars. Instead of wanting to read fantasy stories about princesses and unicorns, she prefers national geographics about the universe, and of course she has your book... astrophysics for people in a hurry and she begs to read it every night before bed. She is always wondering why the universe is the way it is, how it came to be, and where it will be in the future. What will happen if this one small universal variable is changed. She is probably one of your biggest young fans in all honesty. Anyways just wanted to say you're an inspiration to many and we all love your videos, lectures, and shows!
well, that conversation between John Wheeler and Richard Feynman about the one-electron universe, could be interpreted differently too and they were just close or forgot to add the word "field" to it, as in a single electron-field for the entire universe. Fields are everywhere and fluctuations cause them to be non-zero, so a single electron-positron-field, a single gluon-field, a single up-quark-anti-up-quark-field,... That could still be easier to grasp. An electron is just a specific amount of energy on that particular field at that particular place and location in time, but the electron-field is everywhere, but does it have an energy of its own and what kind of energy?
Charles is one of my favourite guests, I gotta read his books.
I meditate on Neil's point about the heavy elements and life every morning.
When Chuck says, "That sounds crazy", he is echoing my exact same thought. Modern physics is pretty out there when compared to our day to day existence. Talk about food for thought!
This group is awesome. Two minutes in and I'm in stitches and more informed at the same time.
Question! Can a proton possibly exceed the speed of light if it were tested in a contained black hole? Meaning if a vacuum allows protons to move the speed of
light My question is, is or can the gravity of a black hole pull a proton faster than a proton moving through a vacuum? 42:10
The fact that this is being explored and talked about is insane.
Chuck has been learning from the greatest minds for decades, we shouldn't be surprised that he's probably way smarter than a regular person.
Oh my God, this blew my mind. I hope this show never ends.
43:25 no the light isn't going slower in the medium. The photons are still travelling at the speed of light, it's just that they are bouncing off the molecules that medium that's why they seem to be travelling slower.
I really appreciate how Charles Liu approaches topics, bringing together his vast knowledge (from a bright mind continually learning) with a bent towards using every day experience and explaining how physics works to explain and enhance our understanding of these experiences. I went directly and got The Handy Physics Answer Book and will get his Quantum Physics book when it is released in July. Thanks!
When talking about color, you must specify if you are talking about direct light or reflected light. They behave very differently. The pure green or orange light is direct light - the mixes to produce those colors are in reflected light. The combination of all colors in direct light produces white. The combination of all colors in reflected light produces black.
Hi! I have a question that is way off this topic. I don't know who to ask. I know the Sun and planets are orbiting Sagitarius A* every 250 million years or so. My question is does everything else orbit the central buldge or whatever it's called? Like, do the spiral arms turn? Do they go at different speeds than our solar system? I love this channel by the way! I really love Neil deGrasse Tyson!
I have a question. If in the future we had the technology to convert mass into energy and then reassembly it back again exactly as it was could we transport stuff at the speed of light?
Regarding the question about the speed of light, the best way I have ever heard it explained is that its got nothing to do with any intrinsic property of light at all. Rather its to do with the speed of causality - how fast, at the planck scale, one cause can have an effect of the space time co-ordinate adjacent to it. In the case of light we are dealing with an an electric field coupled with a magnetic field propagating along a path that is perpendicular to their amplitudes, and the position along that axis that the photon can be said to exist at any one instant is dictated by the oscilation of those fields; as the electric field increases by one "unit", the magnetic field decreased accordingly, and the position advances along the direction of travel by one planck length. So you see its all about causality and how fast that can happen. And this explanation for me ties in neatly with the relatively new idea in theoretical physics that time is an emergency property of the universe and not fundamental.
Decades ago in a physiological psychology course, graphs illustrated that humans perceive the spectrum in a stepwise fashion, while pigeons perceive it as smooth curve, as though they can see individual discreet wavelengths without resorting to color bands. I have never been defeated by a color vision test, but feel that I am no match for a pigeon.
Q for another Tyson, Mike👀🕊️
🌈
Infinitely better episode than the last. Chuck and Gary are experts at hosting this complex discussion. Dr. Tyson and Liu are just genius at communicating these subjects.
Man, I got goose bumps listening to this episode. To me, it is one of the best so far.
Was Charles Liu wearing Batik? If true, shout out from Indonesia🇮🇩❤️
Chuck is a great co-host.
Well I have a question Let's say there is only one electron throughout the universe... What about protons and neutrons and why limited elements electron can go on forever ..mm 🤔
I love the relaxed talk about a fascinating subject. The humor brings it home.
@37:40 Can other colors exist outside of our spectrum?
Re: multiple dimensions of time, you could also ask whether there could be additional timelike dimensions that are orthogonal to the t that we perceive _OR_ you could ask whether the t we perceive is the total magnitude of multiple timelike dimensions that we can't independently perceive.
The man, the myth, the legend !!CHARLES LIU!! 👏👏👏
5:52 Antimatter was actually predicted by Paul Dirac in 1928, with the Dirac Equation - the first first theory to account fully for special relativity in the context of quantum mechanics. Four years later, Carl Anderson observed cosmic ray tracks curving the opposite direction to electrons in a magnetic field - the discovery of the positron, validating Dirac's idea.
Here is a time question. Why did time seem to go so slowly when we were kids, compared to when we become adults, and time seems to fly by?
I swear, from age 14 to 20 took about 15 years. Now 57 to 63 only took 2 years.