Sirrr!!!!! I have been breaking my head over this topic for past 2 hrs...and ur video..that too under 15 mins....made me all concepts clear...now i can read this topic more easily....thank u so much sir❤️❤️❤️
Sir you are awesome and humble too. I ve never seen a reputed teacher replying for most of the TH-cam comments. You tend to reply for most. Keep it up sir. You really made my fear for pharma go down a lot.
I was facing a lot of difficulty before this lecture, now I am starting to get some knowledge of this topic with your bless sir. ..thank you so much sir. ..please teach more about this topic -antiarrythmic drugs
Although I am Pharma student but I had phobia of cology but sir after watching ur lectures I ordered ur book too and now I am in love with cology thanks a lot sir...
@@madeeasynotesinanesthesiaa4255 they are saying cology because their all subjects starts with pharma🙂, pharmaceutics, pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical engineering, pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmacology etc.....🙂
Sir plz extend ur free prepladder services till 3rd May..your way of teaching is really very very nice... everything which I thought earlier was difficult now seems very easy and feel confident in my concepts after seeing ur lectures..I can't afford ur fee but I really appreciate ur teaching. It's humble request from my side sir plz extend ur free services in lockdown
Sir why first time Na+ channel opens. I mean what causes to sodium channel to be opens. Some as for calcium, why it is open or what causes that to open.
At 4:06 U say sodium channel close And pottasium channel open And cause repolarization But few min back u said that Repolarization is only occur when pottasium channel open at depolarized state ( +30 mv) will lead to again -70mv Then only it is called Repolarization .
I just want to ask that At 4:06 Na channel close Pottasium channel open Why it is called repolarization Repolarization is only when Na channel open and pottasium channel open
I think you have not understood concept properly. Repolarization simply means decrease in membrane potential from depolarized state (positive value) towards resting membrane potential (negative value)
Why is QT interval not changing in class 1c when the slope of phase 0 is increasing (which inturn means depolarisation is taking longer to occur). Action potential duration = Depolarisation + repolarisation...Since the depolarisation is taking more time , with no effect on repolarisation of the drug shouldnt the action potential also be increased ? Or does repolarisation occur faster ?? If anyone has understood my question kindly explain the proper reason for it .
See, action potential lasts for around 800 ms. Out of which Na channels open (depolarization phase 0) for 1-2 ms and repolarization phase (1,2,3) is for 798 ms. If we block Na channels, suppose phase 0 is doubled now. So instead of 2 it lasts for 4 mseconds now. So total APD is 802 ms. We cannot appreciate difference between 800 and 802 but when K channel is blocked repolarization suppose takes double time. So, APD takes 1200 ms. Clearly visible. Hope it helps
@@DrGobindRaiGarg Thank u so much for replying sir... Sir but i have a doubt. If the effect on the Action potential by sodium blockade (which is strongest for 1c) is so negligible how exactly can they have an anti arrhythmic action ??
@@DrGobindRaiGarg I solve pharmacology mcq from book by You sir. I have request that can you make short video on entry and reentry of Action potential to understand arrhythmia in better way. As your wish. Thankyou sir
These hormones are based on the molecule tyrosine, which has a benzene ring structure. In thyroxine (T4), there are four iodine atoms attached to the ring: two on the "prime" carbons (3' and 5') and two on the "non-prime" carbons (3 and 5). In triiodothyronine (T3), one of the iodine atoms on a "prime" carbon (usually 5') is missing, leaving three iodine atoms attached. So in this context, "prime" and "non-prime" carbons refer to specific locations on the benzene ring of the thyronine structure of T3 and T4. The prime carbons (3' and 5') are on one side of the ring, while the non-prime carbons (3 and 5) are on the other.
APD is total duration for which action potential lasts ERP is the time for which sodium channels are inactivated. Means normal impulse cannot generate another action potential ARP is the time in which Na channels are inactivated but not yet closed. It means even strong impulse cannot generate beat. ERP = ARP + RRP
14:12 Why does the repolarization curve for Class 1C match with the repolarization curve before antiarrhythmic drug (i.e. control AP)? We know the X axis represents time here and In all cases and also for class 1C the depolarization curve reaches peak a little later . And If plateau phase starts from that point , shouldnt we have a different repolarization curve for class 1C??
See, action potential lasts for around 800 ms. Out of which Na channels open (depolarization phase 0) for 1-2 ms and repolarization phase (1,2,3) is for 798 ms. If we block Na channels, suppose phase 0 is doubled now. So instead of 2 it lasts for 4 mseconds now. So total APD is 802 ms. We cannot appreciate difference between 800 and 802 but when K channel is blocked repolarization suppose takes double time.
@@DrGobindRaiGarg Thank you so much doctor. it all makes so much sense now. I understand now, the plateau phase is very negligible here. This piece of of information is so much precious to me now. Thanksss a lot.
I don't usually comment on videos... But when i saw this, its just irresistible reaction to your action sir 😅 Antiarrhythmic is one topic which I am afraid of a lot. But after this video... It's just a cup of tea for me now. Thank you very very very much sir.. God bless you.. please keep helping us... Thanks
Hello dear. Please download and subscribe to my mobile App. It contains video lectures of entire Pharmacology. The link is play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gobindrai.medicalprep
In WPW syndrome there is block of conduction from AV node whereas faster aberrant pathway keep on conducting impulses. This leads to reentry and tachycardias. By stopping this conduction, reentry won't happen
@@DrGobindRaiGarg : If the block is in one of arm of purkinge fibre due to some reason.....impulse will be renter and get amplified resulting in arrhythmia : if we block both of arms ( bidirectional block) how we can solve the problem of arrhythmia
@@DrGobindRaiGarg Yes sir .. I saw your lecture.. in that.. lignocaine come under class 2b.. But the q asked like which drug is not used for Ventricullar arryhrymias..so ans given as Lidocaine.. and I searched they said..it is used mainly for arterial arryhrymias not Ventricullar arryhrymias !! Is it True sir ???
@@DrGobindRaiGarg As class b of sodium channnel blockers shorten repolarization.. Does that mean that next action potential will arrive faster and the contractions will be faster coz of shorten length of repolarization.. will it lead to tachycardia????
we seen your video that's you were very poor and couldn't afford tuition fees than why you only teach at paid apps... did you forgot about those students who can't afford apps....
Sirrr!!!!! I have been breaking my head over this topic for past 2 hrs...and ur video..that too under 15 mins....made me all concepts clear...now i can read this topic more easily....thank u so much sir❤️❤️❤️
Sir you are awesome and humble too. I ve never seen a reputed teacher replying for most of the TH-cam comments. You tend to reply for most. Keep it up sir. You really made my fear for pharma go down a lot.
Thanks a lot dear. Love you
I was facing a lot of difficulty before this lecture, now I am starting to get some knowledge of this topic with your bless sir. ..thank you so much sir. ..please teach more about this topic -antiarrythmic drugs
Thanks a lot dear. For my lectures on entire Pharmacology, please download and subscribe to the App
I was struggling with antiarrhythmic drugs until I bumped on this video.. Kudos to you sir... You make pharmacology a cakewalk..
Thanks a lot dear
Me to brother 🤣🤣🤣
@@DrGobindRaiGarg sir how to get full videos... I don't find them anywhere.
@@09rabbiawaseem69 you can download my App and subscribe to get all videos of pharmacology
@@AnjaliKatara-zv6jm Because Sir is no more with Prepladder.
Sir's individual app doesn't exist now .
Although I am Pharma student but I had phobia of cology but sir after watching ur lectures I ordered ur book too and now I am in love with cology thanks a lot sir...
Cology😂
@@madeeasynotesinanesthesiaa4255 😂
@@madeeasynotesinanesthesiaa4255 they are saying cology because their all subjects starts with pharma🙂, pharmaceutics, pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical engineering, pharmaceutical microbiology, pharmacology etc.....🙂
Sir plz extend ur free prepladder services till 3rd May..your way of teaching is really very very nice... everything which I thought earlier was difficult now seems very easy and feel confident in my concepts after seeing ur lectures..I can't afford ur fee but I really appreciate ur teaching. It's humble request from my side sir plz extend ur free services in lockdown
Hey
Can u plz tell me from where i can get All pharmacology lectures from garg sir
Tremendous way of teaching.you have increased my thirst for pharmacology more.Thanks a lot sir.
My pleasure dear
6 saal ho Gaye koi na samjha paya is concept Ko sir ne simple kar diya..
My pleasure dear
Thank you so much Sir.
May God bless you!
Sir my exams are coming , & this video helped me a lot to clear my Basic Concepts........ Thanks a lot sir.......
My pleasure dear
THANKS DEAR SIR JI...VERY NICE EXPLANATION 🖐👋
Thank you for your amazing lectures
My pleasure dear
Thanks a lot for clearing doubt bet Ia and Ib....
My pleasure dear
Sir where is your TDM vidio plz share it is absent on your channel i have seen before
Kindly produce more lectures on cardiology
Sir u gave a very beautiful explanation.. sir in which video there is explanation of class 2,3,4 drugs ?
Thanks dear. These are available in premium videos
Nice sir excellent teaching this thrive us to learn more pharmacology 😀
Thanks a million
sir you are making pharmacology simple thanking you
My pleasure dear
Haven't seen a simpler video on this topic ! thank you sir ❤️
Thanks dear
Sir why first time Na+ channel opens.
I mean what causes to sodium channel to be opens.
Some as for calcium, why it is open or what causes that to open.
At 4:06
U say sodium channel close
And pottasium channel open
And cause repolarization
But few min back u said that
Repolarization is only occur when pottasium channel open at depolarized state ( +30 mv) will lead to again -70mv
Then only it is called Repolarization .
Couldn't understand your question. Na channel opening make it +30. Sodium close K open, what is the problem?
I just want to ask that
At 4:06
Na channel close
Pottasium channel open
Why it is called repolarization
Repolarization is only when
Na channel open and pottasium channel open
I think you have not understood concept properly. Repolarization simply means decrease in membrane potential from depolarized state (positive value) towards resting membrane potential (negative value)
Excellent explanation
Excellent!!
Awesome thanks millions
My pleasure dear
Explained in a very simple understandable way thank you sir .
Thanks dear
Thnk you so much sir👍
Sir,how can I get your all lectures??
I am from Bangladesh...
Please download my App
Why is QT interval not changing in class 1c when the slope of phase 0 is increasing (which inturn means depolarisation is taking longer to occur).
Action potential duration = Depolarisation + repolarisation...Since the depolarisation is taking more time , with no effect on repolarisation of the drug shouldnt the action potential also be increased ? Or does repolarisation occur faster ??
If anyone has understood my question kindly explain the proper reason for it .
See, action potential lasts for around 800 ms. Out of which Na channels open (depolarization phase 0) for 1-2 ms and repolarization phase (1,2,3) is for 798 ms. If we block Na channels, suppose phase 0 is doubled now. So instead of 2 it lasts for 4 mseconds now. So total APD is 802 ms. We cannot appreciate difference between 800 and 802 but when K channel is blocked repolarization suppose takes double time. So, APD takes 1200 ms. Clearly visible.
Hope it helps
@@DrGobindRaiGarg Thank u so much for replying sir...
Sir but i have a doubt. If the effect on the Action potential by sodium blockade (which is strongest for 1c) is so negligible how exactly can they have an anti arrhythmic action ??
@@DrGobindRaiGarg Sir also i have read Class 1c anti arrhythmics have pro arrhythmic action .. How can an anti arrhythmic have pro arrhythmic action ?
All antiarrhythmic drugs have proarrhythmic action. Simple logic, if a drug treat bradycardia, it can cause tachycardia and vice a versa
Decrease the automaticity naa
Really delightful. Well explained sir. Thankyou.
My pleasure dear
@@DrGobindRaiGarg I solve pharmacology mcq from book by You sir.
I have request that can you make short video on entry and reentry of Action potential to understand arrhythmia in better way. As your wish. Thankyou sir
Sir can you please tell about pr interval and av node part
Thank you sir!!!!!
My pleasure dear
sir i want to subscribe and purchase ur class how to get it.?
Really appreciated👍...
Thankyou so much sir.
My pleasure dear
Thanku so much sir
Sir, can you kindly explain,What is the meaning of *PRIME* of Iodine during attachment to atoms i.e. increased thyroid hormone activity?
These hormones are based on the molecule tyrosine, which has a benzene ring structure. In thyroxine (T4), there are four iodine atoms attached to the ring: two on the "prime" carbons (3' and 5') and two on the "non-prime" carbons (3 and 5). In triiodothyronine (T3), one of the iodine atoms on a "prime" carbon (usually 5') is missing, leaving three iodine atoms attached.
So in this context, "prime" and "non-prime" carbons refer to specific locations on the benzene ring of the thyronine structure of T3 and T4. The prime carbons (3' and 5') are on one side of the ring, while the non-prime carbons (3 and 5) are on the other.
@@DrGobindRaiGarg THANK YOU SO MUCH SIR 🔥🔥. I got it.. 😀
Ur app is free or not tell sir plz
App is free to download. Some videos are free. For entire content, subscription need to be taken
Respected sir premium. Lene se sare topic cover ho jate h kya
Please tell me sir
Because mko doubt h
Yes dear. Complete pharma will be covered
What is difference between action potential duration, effective refractory period, absolute refractory period?
APD is total duration for which action potential lasts
ERP is the time for which sodium channels are inactivated. Means normal impulse cannot generate another action potential
ARP is the time in which Na channels are inactivated but not yet closed. It means even strong impulse cannot generate beat.
ERP = ARP + RRP
14:12 Why does the repolarization curve for Class 1C match with the repolarization curve before antiarrhythmic drug (i.e. control AP)? We know the X axis represents time here and In all cases and also for class 1C the depolarization curve reaches peak a little later . And If plateau phase starts from that point , shouldnt we have a different repolarization curve for class 1C??
See, action potential lasts for around 800 ms. Out of which Na channels open (depolarization phase 0) for 1-2 ms and repolarization phase (1,2,3) is for 798 ms. If we block Na channels, suppose phase 0 is doubled now. So instead of 2 it lasts for 4 mseconds now. So total APD is 802 ms. We cannot appreciate difference between 800 and 802 but when K channel is blocked repolarization suppose takes double time.
@@DrGobindRaiGarg Thank you so much doctor. it all makes so much sense now. I understand now, the plateau phase is very negligible here. This piece of of information is so much precious to me now. Thanksss a lot.
My pleasure dear
Sir how much percentage of questions will have from Surgery, Medicine, Gynae obse, pedia and PSM ??
I think it will around 60-65% of 200 questions ??
You cannot seperate out questions from different subjects in clinical pattern questions. All subjects need to be done thoroughly to get selected
@@DrGobindRaiGarg sir I am not preparing 1st year subjects ...
Don't make that mistake. Do all subjects
I don't usually comment on videos...
But when i saw this, its just irresistible reaction to your action sir 😅
Antiarrhythmic is one topic which I am afraid of a lot.
But after this video... It's just a cup of tea for me now.
Thank you very very very much sir.. God bless you.. please keep helping us... Thanks
Thanks dear for the nice words
Sir how flecainide work
where are calcium channel, beta and potassium channel blockers???
For complete details, please subscribe to mobile App
what is the drug used as medical defibrillator? ... anyone pls share with reference
Class 3 drugs like Bretylium, Ibutilide, Vernakalent. It converts fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm.
👏🏻👍🏻👌🏻 thanks a lot Sir!!!!
Thank you sir
My pleasure dear
*Sir today I subscribed your premium video sir.Really it is awesome sir.*
Thanks a lot dear
Sir 🙏ur pharma app ,is for how much duration
15 months
@@DrGobindRaiGarg ok thanku sir🙂
Thanku keep uploading🎀♥💯🔝💯♥☺💯♥🔝💯🎀
Sir which video editor software is used by you?
Awesome video sir.... Keep helping us
Thanks a lot dear
i like ur app 😍can you inform me when you give discounts
Hello dear. Please WhatsApp at 9990044695. You can get the discount now.
Thank u soo much sir.
Thanks dear
Sir ... Please make a video on antiepilepctic drugs
Hello dear. Please download and subscribe to my mobile App. It contains video lectures of entire Pharmacology. The link is
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gobindrai.medicalprep
Thanks alot sir
My pleasure dear
Sir es topic ke 2nd part nai h kya
In my App, entire pharmacology is available
Sir app is not open
converting unidirectional block to bidirectional.....how solve the problem of arrhythmia?...
please clear i m puzzled
In WPW syndrome there is block of conduction from AV node whereas faster aberrant pathway keep on conducting impulses. This leads to reentry and tachycardias. By stopping this conduction, reentry won't happen
@@DrGobindRaiGarg
: If the block is in one of arm of purkinge fibre due to some reason.....impulse will be renter and get amplified resulting in arrhythmia
: if we block both of arms ( bidirectional block) how we can solve the problem of arrhythmia
???? help sir
Unidirectional block results in reentry beats
@@DrGobindRaiGarg I am asking how bidirectional block helps to solve the problem of arrhythmia....
amazing
Thanks
Hii sir.. sir why lignocaine is contraindicated in Ventricullar arryhrymias ??
Who said it is? It is commonly used to treat them
@@DrGobindRaiGarg Yes sir .. I saw your lecture.. in that.. lignocaine come under class 2b.. But the q asked like which drug is not used for Ventricullar arryhrymias..so ans given as Lidocaine.. and I searched they said..it is used mainly for arterial arryhrymias not Ventricullar arryhrymias !! Is it True sir ???
Please read again. It's other way round
@@DrGobindRaiGarg Ok sir ☺️ Thank you ☺️
Sir which writing pad you are using currently
iBall Pen digitizer
How can i access to your full videos? Love from Pakistan
Hello dear
You can download the App from the link below and subscribe
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.gobindrai.medicalprep
very nice sir
does beta blocker increases the erp or refractory period or it decrease the refractory period?
Increases RP
नारायण नारायण ❤
very nice
Thanks dear for appreciation
Goodmorning sir .. I hv mailed you ..but automated mail came in ans ..that it has closed ..how to mail ..if any queries has
Please mail at gobind_garg@yahoo.co.in
Ok sir thanku🙏
@@DrGobindRaiGarg sir I hv sent email ..on this same I'd ..it showing invalid.any other I'd .we can mail.🙏
It's valid dear
gobind_garg@yahoo.co.in
WhatsApp at 9990044695
Amazing 👌🙌🙌
Sir what will happen if reploraization is prolonged??? How will it affect the contractility of heart????
Contractility is mainly affected by depolarization. Repolarization affects the secondary beats
@@DrGobindRaiGarg As class b of sodium channnel blockers shorten repolarization.. Does that mean that next action potential will arrive faster and the contractions will be faster coz of shorten length of repolarization.. will it lead to tachycardia????
I think I answered on instagram
Sir when will u take live classes in Delhi?
In first week of March. Please visit www.drgobindraigarg.com
Grg sir - Pharma- exam that’s it u want for Pharma exam
❤
Sir updates video there
I am sorry dear. Couldn't understand
NYC lec
Sir I am ur old student (diams 2011) thank you very much sir
My pleasure dear
🙏🙏🙏...
Sir with due respect potential is -90 not -70
Thanks for the correction dear
❣
we seen your video that's you were very poor and couldn't afford tuition fees than why you only teach at paid apps... did you forgot about those students who can't afford apps....
I think the video you are commenting upon is free and several more such videos
@@DrGobindRaiGarg I know but we need more... 🙏
Dost App bnane walo ke bhi kharche hote hain aur unki yeh rozi roti hai. The way you conveyed it was not soothing at all
@@DrGobindRaiGarg I am sorry
-90mv
Excellent!!
Tq so much sir
thank you sir
❤
Thank you sir
You are welcome dear