Almond leaves (Catappa)- Tuesday tip

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 เม.ย. 2016
  • Almond leaves are valuable for more than just producing tannins. They are a great spawning media, and as they break down they produce microorganisms that are fantastic fry food.
    Some papers on aquaculture using almond leaves can be found at the following links:
    www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2014.8...
    wwwlib.teiep.gr/images/stories...

ความคิดเห็น • 336

  • @SnowWhiteTheU2
    @SnowWhiteTheU2 3 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    My fav aquarium TH-cam channel by far. Rachel is so kind, knowledgeable, and helpful. Everyone in the hobby need to follow her.

    • @RachelOLeary
      @RachelOLeary  3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Means a lot, thank you!

    • @SnowWhiteTheU2
      @SnowWhiteTheU2 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@RachelOLeary will always support you ! thanks for just being you !

  • @nicolekeeley200
    @nicolekeeley200 7 ปีที่แล้ว +81

    I love how sassy your intros are... You and Joey (The King of DIY) are my favorite fish TH-camrs.

    • @MissCandyTattoo
      @MissCandyTattoo 7 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Jazmine ThePuppy you should check out Pecktec. Him and The Clones are pretty cool.

    • @chriskoch9829
      @chriskoch9829 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      DIY is to cocky for me. Bit of a braggart.

  • @lukmor7036
    @lukmor7036 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I know your video is two years old, but i find that your information is still up to current and thank you very much.

  • @bakar29
    @bakar29 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I live in Malacca, Malaysia & I guess i am pretty lucky that I can just go outside and pick the dried IAL's off the ground, rinse them in water and put them in my tanks hehe. My Silvertip Tetras absolutely love the blackwater and love to play/take cover in between the leaves. The blackwater really brings out their yellow color and the white tips are really stands out.

  • @missaleebounty
    @missaleebounty 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Oldie, but a goodie. This video has been really helpful and informative!

  • @Amy-dw7ii
    @Amy-dw7ii 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I was just wondering about these and your video popped up. I immediately closed the random video and went RIGHT to yours ! So thankful for your videos.

  • @KewlQT
    @KewlQT 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really good Corydoras info pertaining to shipping & transport. I was just gifted 8 gorgeous corys & plecos by a man from a local fish group. So large & healthy! I wish I watched this video before transporting them. He bagged them 3/4 water to 1/4 air but at least I got them home in under an hour. Great video!!!

  • @gwynnthiere
    @gwynnthiere 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Aaaaaaah! Thank you for this video, no one was able to tell me like clear concise info on what the almond leaves are and why they're important. Most people were just like 'your betta needs them and you have to have them'. I hate 'just cause' answers, this is exactly what I needed! You're the best

  • @DanielMorales-ob7xy
    @DanielMorales-ob7xy 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    tthe only video that actually explains the cience behind the leaf in the water, great video, thanks :)

  • @kg2nc
    @kg2nc 8 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    This was a great topic because I didn't know about those leave I thought it was just for tannin. Thank you very much.

    • @celiamarcano9656
      @celiamarcano9656 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Do you feed the leaves one a month, can you put defferent leave ?

  • @maxinechester9370
    @maxinechester9370 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I just go my catappa leaves today, and although I had done my research it was still nice to see you had a video on it for me to watch for that extra assurance. You're honestly my favorite youtuber, and I love going through all of your old videos.

  • @graffitijunkiejfk
    @graffitijunkiejfk 8 ปีที่แล้ว +22

    Such an informative channel and that knowledge truly feels shared...

  • @juliamahler415
    @juliamahler415 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you Rachel , I always learn so much from you, my fish thank you too , you have made their lives much more comfortable :)

  • @JamieRamsay
    @JamieRamsay 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    you do the best most informative clips on the net, great stuff mate :)

  • @DanHiteshew-oneandonly
    @DanHiteshew-oneandonly 8 ปีที่แล้ว +26

    Great video. I've never heard anything but folksy anecdotal responses about the use of almond leaves. It's nice to see some science applied. Thanks. I'll definitely be looking to get some of these in the near future.

    • @RachelOLeary
      @RachelOLeary  8 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      +Dan Hiteshew I put a couple links to just a few papers in the description. I combed through a lot looking for dosing and relevant information to our hobby beyond the anecdotal

    • @DanHiteshew-oneandonly
      @DanHiteshew-oneandonly 8 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Rachel O'leary Lol A fish keeper after my own heart. Really good info. Thanks again.

    • @beckyfalotico2693
      @beckyfalotico2693 6 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Rachel O'leary well said ! I am so sick of the comments that my tanks look "dirty" because of the tannins from the IA leaves. I hope you don't mind I quote you verbatim. I usually just say "my fishes like tea" 😂😜

  • @metaltrooper62
    @metaltrooper62 8 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    When I use to breed and raise poison dart frogs I used Almond leaves. I would make my own black water with about 3 leaves in a 5 gallon bucket of water. I had an air stone to circulate the water in the bucket. I had about 99% hatch rate and tadpoles morphing out perfectly healthy when I used this method. I'm planning on setting up some aquariums (once I figure out what fish I'm going to keep) and I will be using Almond leaves in those setups.

  • @lisachesters4991
    @lisachesters4991 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    You make some of the most informative videos. Thank you.

  • @AussieAquatic
    @AussieAquatic 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video, and great contribution to the aquarium hobby.

  • @narrateanewtunnel2352
    @narrateanewtunnel2352 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video....extremely informative.
    Thank you for taking your time to do these videos!

  • @RyansAquarium
    @RyansAquarium 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Great tips Rachel!

  • @samlovely5208
    @samlovely5208 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love listening to your videos

  • @johnbearsfishroom8444
    @johnbearsfishroom8444 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for making these into a play list! Much easier to find!

  • @galaxiegrey96
    @galaxiegrey96 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are my source for fish knowledge. I just started in the hobby and when I have a question I just check your channel.

  • @erxkeel
    @erxkeel 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Awesome info Rachael, appreciate that!

  • @angelahewgley6504
    @angelahewgley6504 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I so appreciate your knowledge. You are a humble person and it's awesome to learn from you. I gather leaves around the Columbia River in Oregon and your right. They break down fast and messy. Thanks so much.

  • @HomeAquatics
    @HomeAquatics 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    My fish love these leaves. Corydoras Habrosus fry love to hide under the leaves when they are very young and shrimp are always picking at the leaves.

  • @peachimonn
    @peachimonn 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love this video! Very informative for someone like me who is new to the hobby. Thank you

  • @johnmorgan5721
    @johnmorgan5721 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really Enjoy Rachel’s Talks

  • @juliemartinezhayes8319
    @juliemartinezhayes8319 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This was a great tip to re-watch. I'd forgotten the anti-fungal uses. Thanks for the GREAT info!

  • @DJ_LittlePea
    @DJ_LittlePea 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video Rachel 👏👏

  • @kdr1048
    @kdr1048 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really great video thank you Rachel your one of my favorite you tubers. I'm going to get some of these for my cardinal tank

  • @nicholehorn4818
    @nicholehorn4818 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    This video answered so many of my questions. I was on the fence about buying leaves for a few of my tanks and this sold me on getting almond leaf litter. My tank with kuhli loaches and ee betta will definitely dig :)

  • @bebebutterfield1
    @bebebutterfield1 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Rachel you are an Aquarist/mad Scientist. I can watch your videos forever and feel smarter for it. Thank you.

  • @williamneill5441
    @williamneill5441 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video! I’ve been using these leaves for years. To me they add such an appealing and natural look to an aquatic habitat. My Cherax crays each them like chips, too!

  • @birannanan8591
    @birannanan8591 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot rachel ,very valuable info.

  • @tinablum9089
    @tinablum9089 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I learn so much from your videos! Thanks so much!!

  • @144928
    @144928 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I just recently found you're videos. Well done ! I intend to use these leaves with a Betta tank I am about to start. You are an inspiration to me, and I sure many others.

    • @RachelOLeary
      @RachelOLeary  7 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Michael Vard thanks michael!

  • @stevehornshaw4478
    @stevehornshaw4478 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Just fantastic, interesting and informative. I watch your channel all the time. I've given up on watching TV

  • @presouz
    @presouz 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why did I not know about your Tue Tips? Love them so much thanks heaps

  • @beachz101
    @beachz101 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome video. I’m off to the fish store for some catappa leaves. Thanks Rachel !

  • @lovesdiy5660
    @lovesdiy5660 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Love this channel. You are a great teacher :)!

  • @almarma
    @almarma 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    For any question I may have, you always have already a video with the answer! THANK YOU RACHEL! You're the best! I ordered a bag of leaves today and will see if they help my guppies get rid of the fin rot disease some of them have or at least, keep the rest healthy :(

  • @zechdemulling9970
    @zechdemulling9970 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great topic, loved it

  • @MinnyLouWho
    @MinnyLouWho 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good to know one can use maple leaves, I was wondering about those. I have Almond leaves in all my tanks now, not just me shrimp tanks, thanks to you ;) Love your channel! Your real and down-to-earth with lots of awesome tips. ( Plus your not a braggard ;) )

  • @Jabinho
    @Jabinho 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    great video. good to get some definitive information about almond leaves.

  • @pungr
    @pungr 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are my go-to aquarium woman!

  • @johnjwedrall4290
    @johnjwedrall4290 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you thank you for the low-down on cattapa leav.i do have them in my 29 gallon freshwater tank. 😊👍👍😏

  • @xoticflauer
    @xoticflauer 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video!

  • @Mediaboon
    @Mediaboon 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Cool video. I grew up on a street with dozens of catappa trees. If you crack the fruit there's a small almond. Bats love the fruit when ripe.

  • @COOPERSCICHILDS
    @COOPERSCICHILDS 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    excellent video stuff I needed to know thanks so much honest sight to the point excellent vid

  • @vickymast8485
    @vickymast8485 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great info again ~ Cheers from Bend Or

  • @mrlordsnooty
    @mrlordsnooty 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great vid , learnt a lot . Thankyou

  • @JB-wg9zj
    @JB-wg9zj 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great info. I had heard that guava leaves are effective as well. I will have to get a hold of some almond leaves to try it out.

  • @shanamm1345
    @shanamm1345 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    my cory-cats & otocinclus also like the leaves once they breakdown a lil. snails like them too. my cories love taking naps under the leaves. usually once the leaves sink i prop it against a rock or ornament . the cories really love hanging out under the shade it provides. in fact, that's what made me aware that corycats seems to not like bright lights and will seek shade if its provided. so i make sure to have plenty of real or fake plants for my light sensitive fish.

  • @MrDsuperman
    @MrDsuperman 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Informative video, in that vein i use Catalpa Speciosa leaves for certain scenarios . They break down quickly if thats what you need and shrimp and crays devour them. I also use Sweetgum tree seedballs as an alternative to Alder cones. Both these trees are probably in your backyard.

  • @LinardBraslin
    @LinardBraslin 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is really good information. It's quite ironical - I live in northern Europe and avocado leaves are not readily available here, obviously, BUT I have a little tree grown from seed going on in my room. I'll sure make good use of it now :D

  • @anamikanandy1785
    @anamikanandy1785 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wonderful and informative video

  • @whatthefudge6511
    @whatthefudge6511 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    These leaves are great..ive been using them for years and my bettas love them..it has a strong medicine smell to it which i think is good for healing and everything that you've explain..great job on the vid

    • @erickangel6282
      @erickangel6282 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hello question how long do you need to leave the almond leaves in the water i mean how many days?

  • @manuelnambo9613
    @manuelnambo9613 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love your videos 😊👌

  • @s.kellyburghardt3790
    @s.kellyburghardt3790 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    great topic, thanks!

  • @cl6633
    @cl6633 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video. Was wondering what benefits these have. Will definitely buy some for my tanks!

  • @eatwhatthemonkeyseat8161
    @eatwhatthemonkeyseat8161 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks, very helpful.

  • @davidskitmore1567
    @davidskitmore1567 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Always use them.. I find them very beneficial in my community tank....

  • @angella6577
    @angella6577 ปีที่แล้ว

    great thankyou for this information.. thankyou for this video.. keep going with your best videos🙏🙏🙏

  • @dimasfishdiary9461
    @dimasfishdiary9461 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    We got lot of it at Indonesia. My Neighbour have it. It really help for cure sickness for the fish and for they Betta Fry.

  • @shesellsfish
    @shesellsfish 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have leaves in all my tanks, I love them.

  • @salvolondon
    @salvolondon 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I’ve ordered them via amazon . They’ll arrive in a few days , I’ve never used them but seems like it’s good .

  • @damionmarkham9835
    @damionmarkham9835 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks again very helpful

  • @CloverKismet
    @CloverKismet 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks this was quite helpful :D

  • @karenjgray5577
    @karenjgray5577 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Botanical name of the tree is Terminalia catappa. Aka Sea Almond. This tree has been planted as a yard tree in Florida and has become naturalized in some parts of the south now, but only where it's warm enough for them.

  • @richardportman8912
    @richardportman8912 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ok thanks you just answered my question!😁

  • @tizok100
    @tizok100 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    what a great video, i just got some of thses leaves. i didnt know all they did.

  • @WoodlandT
    @WoodlandT 7 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Living for the science!!!

  • @johnjwedrall4290
    @johnjwedrall4290 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for thus video 👍

  • @bobseehafer5414
    @bobseehafer5414 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great info

  • @RachelOLeary
    @RachelOLeary  8 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Make sure you stop by my website: msjinkzd.com/
    Visit me on facebook: msjinkzd.com/

    • @WaterspoutsOfTheDeep
      @WaterspoutsOfTheDeep 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I love how in depth you are and you cover many aspects. I can tell you really enjoy what you do and it shows.

    • @lumax7062
      @lumax7062 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      I have a bow front planted tank with ecco complete substrate. Will the
      antibacterial properties in the almond leaves be safe for the bacteria
      and enzymes present in the substrate that turn poop into plant food?

    • @RachelOLeary
      @RachelOLeary  7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +Lu Max totally safe

    • @vibeindian6153
      @vibeindian6153 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Rachel O'leary how many days you keep almond leaf in the water???

  • @KatieGlass4595
    @KatieGlass4595 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is great!

  • @theninjafilmcompanyvidioan6235
    @theninjafilmcompanyvidioan6235 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It did really help! I've only just started using them..based purely on seeing videos like this one! Richard Pond guru sent me some..and the tanins don't bother me. As I'm starting off with just one leaf in a 150 ltr tank.. slowly does it..🐺leave em in to rot down?

  • @marthanewsome6375
    @marthanewsome6375 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Rachel, very informative video. I also think they are fantastic if people want to keep shrimp with inert substrate or substrate less tanks. I also use peat and sphagnum moss in my filters, it substitutes. Because of the tannin's it reduces algae blooms. This may just because less light is able to penetrate through the water, but when ever I get green spot algae I pop a couple more leaves in to make the water a little darker. They are fantastic and I'm trying to track down someone here in Australia that sell them in bulk here, because I use them so much in all my tanks, fish or shrimp. I also want to grow some plants myself to self supply as well. Not sure how they will go as they are tropical and Sydney is sub-tropical, but will give it a try.

    • @RachelOLeary
      @RachelOLeary  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Banana leaves also work well, should they be more readily available

  • @redfishbluefish1164
    @redfishbluefish1164 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Your insight is great thx! I just ordered some Catappa leaves to help a few of my red eye tetras and black mollies fight fungus and fin rot issues. I have never used leaf litter before but do get very light tannins from drift wood. My tank is 46 gallons. Should I put all 12 leaves in when they arrive or maybe just half?

  • @DowntheWormHole
    @DowntheWormHole 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    hugs and support #2

  • @ginarodriguez7899
    @ginarodriguez7899 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love this video. Where would I get me some almond leaves at? Are they very expensive? I'm just starting out and really enjoy your Tuesday Tips. Thanks for all your help

  • @sedghammer
    @sedghammer 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I use oak leaves in my aquariums for the same purpose. There are a lot of tropical Quercus spp., so it's probably closer to what they would experience in the wild.

  • @AmusedToast
    @AmusedToast 7 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Would putting too many of the almond leaves make the water a little soapy? Saponins are used for detergents and tend to lather when the water is agitated. Although not fish related, people who live on the land and don't buy commercial products use plants that contain saponins to make soapy water to clean themselves, which I found interesting. :)

  • @just4fun-family145
    @just4fun-family145 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey Rachel, thank you for all the awesome videos… I am subscribed and have a quick question… I saw your video and ordered some Indian almond leaves online. I put one large leaf which is 7 to 12 inches for each 10 gallons in my aquarium. I noticed five hours later my convict cichlids were acting very strange. Or use my master test kit to test all the water and the pH was around 6.4 to 6.8. My tapwater and tanks are usually at seven. Two or higher in my fish I’ve grown accustomed to that because my local Pet stores are pretty close. My question is is this going to harm my fish? I’m assuming when I do my weekly water changes sometimes twice a week the water will balance out but any advice on using these leaves would be great. I am currently putting them in my convicts tank, Cory tank, guppy, Featherfin and Oscar tank… There’s some loaches in there too and just wanted to get your advice if it’s OK and all those. Thank you so much and keep up the great work!

  • @NIN1337
    @NIN1337 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    great thanks

  • @jonwebb5241
    @jonwebb5241 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I loved your vids. You apologized for pronunciation of a biological word, but pronounced it perfectly, and your ability to explain water chemistry in plain English demonstrates that you really do understand it. I think you should get a Master’s in biochemistry or microbiology along the way.

    • @RachelOLeary
      @RachelOLeary  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      still paying for my last masters, and bachelors degrees and soon my kids will be in college. I would LOVE to go a more academic route, but don't think its gonna happen for me

    • @jonwebb5241
      @jonwebb5241 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Rachel O'Leary , you already did the academic thing, and it shows. My bad. You have the rare combination of left/right technical and artistic balance in your art. I am following and wish you every success. I think industry and research and public aquarium sectors would be wise to pay real stipends for lectures and your expertise.

  • @itsfish8672
    @itsfish8672 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    love the tip thx

  • @janicestp5558
    @janicestp5558 7 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thank you so much I didn't realize the health benefits were so good with almond leaves. Is there a brand you would recommend. Also, how do you feel about alder cones?

  • @reconmodelsvaughn469
    @reconmodelsvaughn469 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have banana trees are the leaves good to use. and do they release some of the same nutrients you were talking about. Awesome video

  • @call_me_stan5887
    @call_me_stan5887 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    I agree - I have a sh..t load of oak leaves in stock and use them periodically, but yes - even though they seem strong and long-lasting, actually they break down pretty fast. I need to buy catappa and try it out ;)

  • @henriqueb8538
    @henriqueb8538 7 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I've put just one of these leaves inside my 12 galon aquarium to try to acidify water. As I've stopped the usage of co2, my criptos and microssorums had been strongly beaten by algae at time. After using the almond leaves the ph keept without any change but my algae problem was realy gone. Even at the time I was using CO2, I've never seen the aquarium so damn clean as after these leaves.
    Anyway, around my house there are tons of Almond trees growing. I get the amount I want for free.

    • @vibeindian6153
      @vibeindian6153 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Henrique Brust how many days keep almond leaf in betta fish tank

  • @SevernRunAquatics
    @SevernRunAquatics 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love using catappa leaves although rather then buying them nowadays I just use oak leaves and magnolia leaves from my backyard. Shrimp evidently love mulberry but my apistos do too. I tend to let the leaves just break down. My tanks with leaves are my healthiest tanks!

  • @LagiacrusHunter
    @LagiacrusHunter 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome video Rachel, I love your Tuesday Tip series!
    I have a question about the sponge filters you use in your tanks. How do you choose the right size for a particular tank, and what kind of pumps do you use to run them? I'm interested in setting up some tanks with shrimp and other small fauna when I can afford to do so, but until then I'm doing as much research as I can.

    • @RachelOLeary
      @RachelOLeary  8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +AugyBear I use the same size in pretty much everything, as I am a big fan of Poret foam (www.swisstropicals.com)- the same kind of foam in used for the corner mattenfilter in my 150g build. I use a central pump, just one for the entire fish room. I prefer to keep my energy usage down, so one pump ismuch better than a series of small ones in my application. ATI pro sponges are also good (i like the pro series as they are more porous so don't clog as frequently) or the aqua-pharm.com biologic sponges. I am not specifically endorsing only those products, they are just the three I choose to use here. Most give a guideline for size, I always go bigger because I have so many tanks and like to cut down on my filter maintenance as much as possible.

    • @LagiacrusHunter
      @LagiacrusHunter 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you, you're awesome!

  • @SirenSeaAquariums
    @SirenSeaAquariums 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is awesome I've been wondering why people put those leaves in their tanks

  • @tolmiepheasants8079
    @tolmiepheasants8079 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great !!! How many leaves should i put in my 450l discus tank? Thanks

  • @ilenastarbreeze4978
    @ilenastarbreeze4978 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey im curious if you would recommend using these for angel fish and cockatoo cichlids? And i think you just answered that cockatoo cichlid question if i understood the triple red correctly

  • @nathanbusch3781
    @nathanbusch3781 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hi Rachel, I was wondering what resources you use for your research articles? I'd love to do some research of my own hobby related topics but don't know where to start. Thanks!!

  • @markalvinaranas564
    @markalvinaranas564 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    okey to use in flowerhorn, mollies or koi pond?

  • @octavioocampo3230
    @octavioocampo3230 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Congratulations on your videos. You're direct, focused and don't use a bunch of "gansta" hand gestures and phrases. You are remarkably knowledgeable. Thank you.