Tuberculosis (TB) Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Nursing NCLEX Review
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 20 ก.ย. 2024
- Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis.Tuberculosis symptoms can include coughing that is persistent for 3 weeks or more, night sweats, fever, chest pain, weight loss, coughing up blood, and chest pain.
In this tuberculosis NCLEX review lecture, I'll discuss the following:
-Tuberculosis pathophysiology (patho)
-Tuberculosis symptoms
-Tuberculosis causes (mycobacterium tuberculosis and its characteristics) and risk factors
-Tuberculosis airborne precautions
-Latent TB vs Active TB
-TB testing and diagnosis, such as PPD skin test and results, TB blood testing, chest X-rays
-Tuberculosis treatment and medications
-Tuberculosis nursing interventions
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an aerobic, acid-fast bacteria. Therefore, it loves environments rich in oxygen and will stain bright red when stained during an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear. Tuberculosis is most commonly found in the lungs (specifically the upper lobes), but it can also affect the brain, liver, spine, joints, and kidneys.
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As a nurse you want to assess your patient for risk factors associated with contracting TB. Tuberculosis risk factors include: living in tight quarters (long-term care facilities, prison, homeless shelter), below or at the poverty line (homeless), immigrant or refugee, weak immune system (HIV), substance abuser (IV drugs), child less than the age of 5.
Tuberculosis is an airborne infection and is spread when a person with active TB exhales the bacteria into the air via talking, sneezing, coughing, yelling or laughing and another person inhales the bacteria. It is important to remember that not all people who are exposed to the TB bacteria will develop active tuberculosis.
Many people who are exposed to the bacteria have healthy immune systems that encapsulate the bacteria and keep it from growing (hence becoming an active TB infection). Therefore, the bacteria becomes inactive. This is known as a latent tuberculosis infection (LBTI). The person will NOT be contagious or have signs and symptoms and will have a normal chest x-ray and sputum culture. Their only sign will be a positive PPD (Mantoux test) skin test or blood test. The person will still need treatment to prevent a possible active tuberculosis infection in the future.
However, if this person with LBTI experiences a breakdown in the immune system (ex: contracts HIV), the bacteria will become active again leading to an active infection.
Active tuberculosis infections are different from LBTI in that the person will have signs and symptoms of TB, positive sputum culture and abnormal chest x-ray, be contagious, and have a positive PPD test or blood test.
Testing includes: PPD (protein purified derivative) skin test and results are interpreted:
-15 millimeters (mm) or more: Positive in all persons (doesn't matter if the person does not have any risk factors)
-10 mm or more: positive if the person is an immigrant, IV drug user, working or living in tight living quarters, child less than 4
-5 mm or more: positive if person have HIV, in contact with someone with TB, organ transplant patient, or immunosuppressed
Along with: chest x-ray, sputum culture, and Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRA Test). There are two types of these blood tests: QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) and T-Spot
Nursing interventions for tuberculosis include: placing the patient in airborne precautions if they have ACTIVE tuberculosis (this include standard precautions plus wearing an N95 mask and negative air pressure room), education about isolation, DOT (directly observed therapy), medication education etc.
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Hello Everyone! Thank you very much for watching! Don't forget about:
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Tuberculosis NCLEX Review Quiz: www.registerednursern.com/tuberculosis-nclex-questions/
Notes: www.registerednursern.com/tuberculosis-tb-nclex-review/
More Respiratory NCLEX lectures: th-cam.com/video/QCgcUtWkWqE/w-d-xo.html
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RegisteredNurseRN Thank you very much for all your videos! Appreciate it a lot,you made all the topics easy.May God bless you more😘
Your videos have helped so much! Thank you!
I scored only 84% of 19 items. Is that still a good enough? Or i'm so bad to become a nurse.😑 i may not be able to pass exams in the future if its not perfect at all.
Anyways your helping me very much on my self reviewing.
I think it is very good. I wouldn't base a quiz result on if you will be a good nurse or not. Standardized testing doesn't gauge your ability to be a great nurse. It has to come from the inside. Just keep studying and giving your best. Keep up the great work, and thank you for watching :)
I left a comment on another video telling you how awesome you are. I just wanted to let you know I passed the NCLEX after 75 questions using your videos and quizzes as my main study guide. What you are doing is making a difference, and again I have to tell you how awesome you are! Thank you for all the work you put into these videos and quizzes!!!
Hello Anna Lemke RN!! Congratulations on passing. Yes, I remember the comment you left on the hypophosphatemia video and how you were prepping for NCLEX at the time....it is so AWESOME to hear you did pass. I'm so happy my videos helped you....that really makes my day. Thank you for watching, and I wish you the absolute best in your new career as a nurse :)
I love her
Wow 75 questions amazing
I'm an engineering student but have found myself watching these videos. Very effective communicator; you can tell she cares about bridging the gap. These are things I would never heard of otherwise.
Found this channel when I was looking at pen lights and found her explanation of a pupil assessment. She made something I've seen before but never thought to understand seem simple. That's from somebody not a part of the field whatsoever. Somebody who is earnestly trying to learn this material will find these videos super helpful. TH-cam rules that way.
Thank you for the video, helped me better understand my friend Arthur's disease
Because of red dead I looked it up to lmao
Yes my man
Same :DDD
Lol to funny 😆
I got the latent TB and survived, sorry about your friend
Hello Sarah! I’m currently in my 4th semester of nursing school, I just took my las unit test and made a 96! I watch you before every exam and will definitely use your videos for the NCLEX! I love the way you teach so much! You make everything so easy to understand. Thank you for making such a huge difference!
How’s your career going?
The way you explain things is just imazing. Please do more videos and never stop
Hi Sarah,
I just passed Nclex RN this week. In starting I follow lots of your videos and Tips. You are a life saver. Thank you so much. God bless you. 🙏
Thank you for all your videos. I passed NCLEX thanks to you lectures. God bless!!!
Excellent video. I tested positive in March for Latent Tuberculosis when I had to do my shots/testing for student shadowing. I kind of wished your video has been posted at the time, as it would have prepared me for treatment. Thanks!
Thank you so much for your videos. I’m a first year nursing student and your videos have saved my butt on MANY occasions. The entire class always talks about our Southern Belle and we know exactly who they are referring to when we use this nickname! From all of us nursing students, thank you! You really are a saint. You deserve an award!!
Thank you for all your videos. I passed my NCLEX after 75 questions. You helped me get through nursing school.
You are the reason I'm maintaining a B average, your videos are the only ones that help me. Thank you
Thank you Sarah for being so generous with knowledge, May God bless 🙏 🙏 🙏 👏 👏 👏
You are changing lives, nursing has become so easy through your TH-cam videos... Thank you so much and much love 💕😘❤🎉
Thank you for making such great videos! You break down subjects so much simpler than my teachers did. I used your videos throughout school, and I found out this past week that I passed Nclex! Thank you again!
Greetings Nurse Sarah, and a big thank you again for presenting such a well crafted lecture. Finally, an educator that knows to include a visual aid at the correct moment (N95 respirator, for example). Great explanation of Latent versus Active TB S&S which were (until now) a point of confusion for me. Also, I appreciated the subtle humor: ("you'll know it's a Prisoner by the Guard present"). My girlfriend and my sister are both retired Nurses with long career histories, and after watching a few of your videos, both of them are like "wow" this is really great stuff Nurse Sarah is including; and for me (with respect) I still enjoy the "charming and personable" way you do your lectures. Please keep up the good work as we all appreciate it!
Good informatio. U are best nurse really
I love how thorough you are with your videos. I'm studying to be a medical assistant right now but I find these videos very helpful. Thank you so much 💕
Hello Nurse Sarah! I really admire your style in teaching. Very articulate, very clear and most of all, very effective, indeed! Thank you so much for these. It's very, very helpful. -much love, Maude xoxo
Beautiful, smart and very informative. My mother is suspected TB or cancer at the moment. Thank you for your information.
Good news! neither cancer or TB. :)
I have a serious beef with tuberculosis. I was born in Uruguay and at age 5 my family flew to the US. I got three vaccines against tuberculosis one after the other before I left. Nothing unsafe, but also not the usual way of doing things. My sister, four years older than me, had gotten them all in the usual schedule and everything was fine for her. When we arrived in the US and I was taken to the doctor, they told me I would have to go through a one year treatment for tuberculosis if I wanted to go to school. This was because I tested positive for TB when they did the skin test. Which of course I did, I had gotten 3 vaccines. The doctors knew that and they still said I had to do the treatment. I didn’t have to wait a year before going to school though, just start it, because THEY KNEW I DID NOT HAVE TUBERCULOSIS. But now, for the rest of my life, I’m required to get a chest X ray once a year. Why?????
Watched this out of curiosity as I am currently under treatment for TB (not quite sure how I caught it as a UK resident). The video was briliant and very informative. Will be watching more, so have subscribed. Very easy on the eye too! :)
Now, how can I cure this in the year 1899? I need to help my boi Arthur.
I'm here for the same reason
I have a plan
Same for me
@@TrapSoulHD Yes, I have a plan
Gonna dedicate my life to time travel now
Thank you very much, Nurse Sarah! I don't think I can get through my BSN online classes without your informative videos. Sending you massive hugs all the way from the Philippines!
Your so gifted in teaching thank you for always keeping me motivated and helping me improve knowledge and skills in nursing
Thanks to your channel. I passed the nclex exam. It helps me alot to ease the exam.
Wow, Sara is really making a difference.
You're videos are so helpful! Thank you for taking the time to make them. You are helping prepare so many future nurses!
thank you, for your great lecture i wish i have a professor like you.
Assistance fk Moslih I agree. Nurse Sarah makes a topic clear to understand and the depth of information supplied by her is priceless.
Wow thank you so much for this, im a nurse assistant and this so helpful
Or we say R.I.P.E.S... for Rifampin; isoniazid; Pyrazinamide; Ethambutol; Streptomycin
Thank you Sarah, all of your videos are helplful. Great explanation.
Thank you so much for the lessons you provide are extremely helpful. ☺
Thank you for all you do Nurse Sarah. God bless you. You helped me understand so much. You are a blessing to the nursing community.
Hello! We love your vids in the University of the Bahamas nursing school......can you do a psychiatric series? And possibly a Critical care?
It's so great at list l. Learn a lot. about TB as a. Nurse. Thanks
Nurse Sarah thanks for this message God bless you...
Simply superb!! Makes learning beautiful and easy 9/8/2018 ❤
REST IN PEACE Arthur Morgan!
Hi Sarah..i love you God bless you..i passed my.nclex.. your vedios where helpful
awesome videos! truly helped me a lot!
just one thing, if you could maybe put chapters , so when i go back to watch a specifique part of the vid i dont have to start all over again , and thanks again!
What’s crazy is the when you look up tuberculosis you mostly get red dead redemption 2
People think that Rockstar Games is evil just because They made the GTA franchise. How are these same people gonna explain how Red Dead Redemption 2, a game made by Rockstar Games, made awareness for a fatal illness that kills thousands, maybe millions of people every year?
Thank you very much for this excellent informative presentation .
Thank you! you are a great lecturer!!!
You're a great teacher 😊👍🏾
Well articulated thank you am a treatment support for tb and l love the way you are explaining
Your videos are Awesome..Really helpful.
U r the best teacher I have ever seen huge respect from Pakistan
You're very good!
Thanks for what you do !
You're great 😍
Could you please make videos for MDR TB and XMDR TB that will be helpful for me because I'm working at TB hospital.
Thank you 😗
love your videos it makes learning so easy and interesting
Thank you
did a great job explaining 👍❤️
Thank you much
Great video on this subject. Does the lung image show transparent through the lung tissue at the apical area for active tb patient? In other words, oxygen being consumed by the bacteria and shows no air at the apical lung area in the xray? thank you for the effort to produce this valuable video.
Thanks nurse very helpful
This Woman is So Intelligent..
Thank you so much Sarah. You ROCK.
Test Monday for nursing wish me luck. Thank you for your help.
Thank you ma’am
Arthur Morgan 😂😂😂
Thank you for all your videos!!!
Very helpful. Thank you 😁
This is very informative! Thanks!
“To ensure good health: eat lightly, breathe deeply, live moderately, cultivate cheerfulness, and maintain an interest in life.” -William Londen
THANK YOU,IT'S REALLY HELP US...KEEP SAFE
you are awesome, doing excellent work , keep it up and my question is about Tuberculosis ie ,what is the ratio of recurrence of TB after treatment, thanks
Thank you so much!!! You are the best!!!
Thank you for these video I have my exam in april
Thanx Sarah...great work
thank you nurse Sarah 💙
very clear and amezing lecture , thank you
Very informative ❤
Thankyou so much you are an amazing teacher
Now RN in Australia, I was a nursing student for the past 3 yrs. I was given the shot, BCG, when I was a little kid. I informed the specialist nurse, but she opted for a skin test instead of blood test. Of course, my body remembers it n the spot got bigger. I had to choose one out of two options. Taking stong, many pills for certain period or taking chest x-ray every yr to keep studying.
Now im just wondering how come that nurse has been able to become a specialist. So incompetent!
Thank you mam
Thanks!
Thank you so much!
thank you
I love your videos they have truly helped me through school. Do you happen to have any podcasts?
learning to this..thank you so much!
I'm getting tested for this the 14th and I'm scared. Persistant productive cough since last August. I have tried allergy/asthma/reflux medications and have not worked. And the cough has slowly got worse :(
How did your test go?
Nice thanks every one😘
thank u so much! i learned so much
Thank you very much ♥️
You are sooooo good and thank you .
Thanx a lot,you are amazing.
Thank you so much!
Nice video.. your voice is very sweet!!
clear and concise
Thanks for sharing
You know u my boo right??? I tell everyone we cousins!!!!! Got an A!!! Thanks cuzo!!! 😂😂 👀
Extremely useful
It's so good video, thank you :)
Hey Sarah what is the alternative treatment regimen Incase a patient develop drug induced liver injury with "Peri" thank you.
You have drug induced liver? How are you now?
Thank you.....
Very informative
Thanks you’re best
Does the BCG vaccine help those who have trouble taking drugs for a year?
I was wondering, I am planning on exploring a town that was abandoned because of a massive TB outbreak a few decades ago. Since so much time has passed would it be safe to explore the town and buildings within the town?
Be careful, can be Rats around
"he's a rat. You know it. And i know it"
This video is interesting because health professionals and Red Dead fans enjoying the information.😂
Great video as always. 😁
You're the best!
Hi Sarah. How soon should you test for tb if you were exposed? 🤔
Love you ♥️♥️♥️♥️
It's my first like