Man Ed is awesome. I always stop what I'm doing whenever a video like this pops up just to listen to this man's calm explanation of such tantalizingly complicated topics.
Has anyone ever noticed that if you put Mars at the Jupiter-Sun L5 point the following happens: 1. It stays there indefinitely until it falls towards Jupiter 2. It tends to miss due to the increased velocity increasing the distance to Sun, thus it loops in a parabola on the outside 3. It runs out of velocity around 4.8 AU and starts orbiting the Sun with high eccentricity 4. It can get to its current orbit by adjusting the impact parameter since the energy is right 5. Mercury and Venus do not have the mass, making the impact parameter less than their radius 6. Thus it could only pass Earth at at low altitude to get to its current orbit This predicts three things: Holes in Mars from Jupiter, A large raised area on Mars from Earth, A 15,000 km raised strip on Earth from Mars Check,check,check
where do the constants come from? - which are irreducible? - which are dependent? Would be great to have a categorical sixties symbols episode to group them into categories like this.
I definitely hope (and pretty convinced) that some of the pending and already ongoing research projects for the JWST are pretty much in alignment with prof Copeland's listed wishes.
big thanks for that, phantastic thoughts! I have stored the video, link and "physical", and scheduled a reminder in my primary calender in 5 years to check the result or the future status. the galaxy evolution and supermassive black hole idea, the "luminosity profile", that's just too cool ! ... the more I think about it... if that really gets clarified by JWST, that's nobel prize stuff, seriously... dig that... prof. copeland as contributor or even co-author... 🙂
Revisiting this after one year: The early galaxies detected by JWST are in fact a lot bigger than expected. I'd love to have a follow-up on this by the marvelous Dr. Copeland.
Liked it, just because of Brady's inquisitive nature. So pleased to hear people having discussions and arguments, instead of undisputed narratives by a sole individual
I've always wondered, if light is stretched with space, where does the energy go. If the amount of energy of light is correlated to its frequency, when light is streched from ultra violet to red, where is the energy?
In GR, the notion of “energy” is rather delicate. Sometimes people say the expanding universe doesn’t conserve energy, but what they mean is that if you add up the energy of everything that contributes to the universe’s _energy density_ (namely matter, radiation and dark energy), then the energy is not conserved. However, this notion of energy doesn’t include contributions from the spacetime itself! If you also add the energy of the spatial expansion and curvature, then you find that the energy is conserved. The second notion of energy is more complete, since it takes everything dynamical about the universe into account, but there is a slight difference between this notion of energy and others you see outside the context of GR, which is that you have to very carefully define what “time” actually is in a curved spacetime, since energy conservation is canonically related to the laws of physics of a system not changing with time. Once you appropriately define “time”, you can then ask what the spatial curvature is at each instance of “time”, and it is essentially from this spatial curvature that the spacetime energy is calculated. Luckily, the geometry of the expanding universe’s spacetime is such that the “time” we can use is simply the ordinary time we are used to, since the only curvature the model of the expanding universe contains is purely spatial curvature.
How could quasars be standard candles? There seems to be a lot of variability such as the mass of the black hole and the mass and rate of accreting material which would presumably affect the luminosity.
My colleagues told me about the NIR camera, that I have to learn to set up, is similar to the JWTS, but I didn't believe it, until now that I saw it. I better learn quickly.
How can youi ever learn about something infinite through observation? Does the fact that our cells fall apart mean that we require infinite flexibility?
So if we see a galaxy so long ago, did it stop existing. Where was it 1 billion years later? Can we focus on it there? I see where some of this is going and we need to be able to focus on different eras of time, perhaps? Imagine the timeline of a galaxy from birth to present. Very though provoking, methinks -- or do I?
Do you see two or more images of the same galaxy at different epochs in time? Or is it that the more recent light emitted from those galaxies is being swallowed up by the ever expanding space between us?
You do see one image from each galaxy corresponding to its distance (leaving gravitational lensing aside). The younger light did pass us already. The older light is still on the way.
You cannot see the same galaxy at different epochs, at least not in the human timescales that is being considered in the video. What we can do is, look at distributions and structures of galaxies in general at different points in times and try to understand the evolution and the structure of the universe as a whole.
@@burnere633 Technically it is possible for a large enough black hole to twist the light around and make the light from the same galaxy turn around and arrive later than the light that's coming directly from that Galaxy, and depending on the placement of the Black Hole and the Galaxy, it might have a separation of epochs indeed.
Supernovae create white dwarfs, not the other way around. The stars that created red giants that became supernovae are short-lived - the larger and hotter, the shorter. Then white dwarfs are the long-lived remnants. Edited I've heard what Ed said. I may be wrong but I think he may have misspoken.
@@PopeLando type 2 supernova creates white dwarfs, type 1 destroys them. White dwarfs are remnants of lower mass stars which tend to have a lifespan of billions of years. In the early universe, how is there enough time for white dwarfs to form?
Perhaps our universe is a 2D surface (mathematically equivalent to a 3D hologram) that is being "rained" on by a sun like object, and that is where dark energy comes from.
They should feed all the galaxies they survey like millions of them into machine learning models which learn how to classify and generate them and then do maths stuff and one of the principle components is going to be age so we can generate timelapses of a galaxy get older really easy or run backwards
Or, the super massive black hole represents the elephant in the room, in that more TIME is required to get there. Thus, we're OLDER than 14 billion years.
So excellent to see Ed Copeland back on. He is truly excellent, can we get his research on hold so you can get him on more often Brady?
😂
??
Prof Copeland's excitement for astrophysics is contagious.
false.
Videos with Ed Copeland are by far the best.
YES!
false.
It would be interesting to ask the same question to other professors, because everyone is biased towards their area of interest
Is that a problem?
@@jiversteve no, but that would make it even more interesting to ask it to people in other fields!
@@1draigon Would a biologist have anything to add?
The scientific community is not as insular as you seem to think!
@@jiversteve not a biologist. But he is very much particle focused! String theorist for example would have different wishes
@@1draigon Any physicist would already be on the case.
Bye for now.
My absolute favorite Professor!
Mine too. 🥰👍
I really appreaciate the subtle sound bits that go along with the graphics.
Great to see Professor Copeland is doing well after I first (digitally) saw him so many years ago.
This series is probably my favorite content on the entire platform
Professor Copeland's voice is so soothing. I could listen to him speak for hours on end.
Ed is a superstar. Always interesting and thought provoking.
false.
Man Ed is awesome. I always stop what I'm doing whenever a video like this pops up just to listen to this man's calm explanation of such tantalizingly complicated topics.
He really is delightful. Understands his audience well and unravels the intricacies of the topic with such patience and grace.
ok?
I love it when nerds get excited about advancements in their field! So nice to see Dr. Copeland too!!
Ed Copeland and Bryan Cox are two of my favorite people to watch speak of astronomy and cosmology.
My favorite channel and my favorite TH-camr Ed Copeland... It is like my birthday today... Can I have some more PLS?
Dr. Copeland has such a soothing lecturing voice!
I really wish there were full-length lectures available from him. I love cosmology, but, really, I could listen to him lecture about lawn furniture 😂
This man is a gem 🙏🏾
I could listen to Ed all day.
ok?
Please more Professor Ed Copeland. I could listen him for hours.
Has anyone ever noticed that if you put Mars at the Jupiter-Sun L5 point the following happens:
1. It stays there indefinitely until it falls towards Jupiter
2. It tends to miss due to the increased velocity increasing the distance to Sun, thus it loops in a parabola on the outside
3. It runs out of velocity around 4.8 AU and starts orbiting the Sun with high eccentricity
4. It can get to its current orbit by adjusting the impact parameter since the energy is right
5. Mercury and Venus do not have the mass, making the impact parameter less than their radius
6. Thus it could only pass Earth at at low altitude to get to its current orbit
This predicts three things: Holes in Mars from Jupiter, A large raised area on Mars from Earth, A 15,000 km raised strip on Earth from Mars
Check,check,check
where do the constants come from? - which are irreducible? - which are dependent?
Would be great to have a categorical sixties symbols episode to group them into categories like this.
Oh how I’ve missed you, Ed!
Would be great to have some discussion on the data which already has been released
Best thing I've seen on TH-cam in months.
Ed Copeland is marvously charismatic! More from him please.
He'd need to eat ALL his vegetables with a wish list like that.
The love for Professor Copeland in the comments is heartwarming and 100% justified.
May Ed get everything on his Wishlist and More :)))
Excellent editing, many thanks
I see a thumbnail of Ed, I click
I definitely hope (and pretty convinced) that some of the pending and already ongoing research projects for the JWST are pretty much in alignment with prof Copeland's listed wishes.
That bit about supermassive theoretical early stars sounded REALLY interesting... What about a video of it? Please? 😇
Being able to see a galaxy evolve over time would be incredible!
big thanks for that, phantastic thoughts! I have stored the video, link and "physical", and scheduled a reminder in my primary calender in 5 years to check the result or the future status. the galaxy evolution and supermassive black hole idea, the "luminosity profile", that's just too cool !
... the more I think about it... if that really gets clarified by JWST, that's nobel prize stuff, seriously... dig that... prof. copeland as contributor or even co-author... 🙂
I love Ed's videos. Now I have to look up Boson stars :O
Professors Copeland, Merrifield, and Moriarty are the Holy Trinity of Sixty Symbols.
false.
I wish for it to be renamed the Jelescope Welescope Space Telescope
and nicknamed the Jelly Welly Space Telly
I miss these videos. More plz...
More Ed, please!
would love to hear more from prof Ed Copeland on cosmic super strings!
that is, if he has the time. . .
There is a video about super strings with Ed. It's a couple of years old now. Would love an update though!
Revisiting this after one year: The early galaxies detected by JWST are in fact a lot bigger than expected. I'd love to have a follow-up on this by the marvelous Dr. Copeland.
Liked it, just because of Brady's inquisitive nature. So pleased to hear people having discussions and arguments, instead of undisputed narratives by a sole individual
I've always wondered, if light is stretched with space, where does the energy go. If the amount of energy of light is correlated to its frequency, when light is streched from ultra violet to red, where is the energy?
I think dark energy is, ironically, just the Energy that light is dumping into the space it traverses, causing it to expand.
the key concept is energy density
In GR, the notion of “energy” is rather delicate.
Sometimes people say the expanding universe doesn’t conserve energy, but what they mean is that if you add up the energy of everything that contributes to the universe’s _energy density_ (namely matter, radiation and dark energy), then the energy is not conserved.
However, this notion of energy doesn’t include contributions from the spacetime itself! If you also add the energy of the spatial expansion and curvature, then you find that the energy is conserved.
The second notion of energy is more complete, since it takes everything dynamical about the universe into account, but there is a slight difference between this notion of energy and others you see outside the context of GR, which is that you have to very carefully define what “time” actually is in a curved spacetime, since energy conservation is canonically related to the laws of physics of a system not changing with time.
Once you appropriately define “time”, you can then ask what the spatial curvature is at each instance of “time”, and it is essentially from this spatial curvature that the spacetime energy is calculated.
Luckily, the geometry of the expanding universe’s spacetime is such that the “time” we can use is simply the ordinary time we are used to, since the only curvature the model of the expanding universe contains is purely spatial curvature.
Fabulous graphics (by James Hennessy, I guess?) that contribute very effectively to the brilliant content from Professor Copeland. Ty everyone 😊
this chanel make me feel a bit more love for the internet and humans
I really love this professor
I would love to hear more about all of the professors researches. My wish is doing it not as pop science but rather in depth and mathy.
Ed is a hero
How could quasars be standard candles? There seems to be a lot of variability such as the mass of the black hole and the mass and rate of accreting material which would presumably affect the luminosity.
Can we 'unstretch' the infrared light back into visible light and generate true colour images of objects?
I really hope for dr. Copelands "bias" to come to fruition with the new telescope
My colleagues told me about the NIR camera, that I have to learn to set up, is similar to the JWTS, but I didn't believe it, until now that I saw it. I better learn quickly.
Prof Copeland is awesome
Could you talk about Cotton Gravity which is supposed to be a generalisation of GR? Or is it too early to say anything about the theory?
I would subscribe to Ed Copeland+
Brilliant. Thank you.
I want to see the Mutant Star Goat that is mentioned in the Book. It must be out there.... Somewere...
dude ! finally . been commentin since the mezzozosic era
Wish two became true. I've read that those earliest galaxies did not have enough time to evolve to those mature states seen by the JWST.
Was this filmed before the first images arrived?
Help. Do we use 1 / Planck length for a standard distance in space yet?
is the Cobe maybe just a phenomenon related to distance from observer?
Do non spinning blackholes evaporate slower than spinning blackholes?
I was a bit sad that "wishmaster" was not played at the end :/
Does Ed not credit the new Mond proof, Sabine Hossenfelder credits it as plausible?
We want more videos mate.
How do we know where to look? If jwst is seeing things we didn’t know were there, because we couldn’t see it before….
How can youi ever learn about something infinite through observation? Does the fact that our cells fall apart mean that we require infinite flexibility?
I guess "Dark Matter" sounds better than "Magical Fairy Dust".
So if we see a galaxy so long ago, did it stop existing. Where was it 1 billion years later? Can we focus on it there? I see where some of this is going and we need to be able to focus on different eras of time, perhaps? Imagine the timeline of a galaxy from birth to present. Very though provoking, methinks -- or do I?
Do you see two or more images of the same galaxy at different epochs in time? Or is it that the more recent light emitted from those galaxies is being swallowed up by the ever expanding space between us?
You do see one image from each galaxy corresponding to its distance (leaving gravitational lensing aside). The younger light did pass us already. The older light is still on the way.
You cannot see the same galaxy at different epochs, at least not in the human timescales that is being considered in the video. What we can do is, look at distributions and structures of galaxies in general at different points in times and try to understand the evolution and the structure of the universe as a whole.
@@burnere633 Technically it is possible for a large enough black hole to twist the light around and make the light from the same galaxy turn around and arrive later than the light that's coming directly from that Galaxy, and depending on the placement of the Black Hole and the Galaxy, it might have a separation of epochs indeed.
arent stars which form white dwarfs long lived? how can there be white dwarfs available in the early universe to cause type 1 supernovae?
Supernovae create white dwarfs, not the other way around. The stars that created red giants that became supernovae are short-lived - the larger and hotter, the shorter. Then white dwarfs are the long-lived remnants.
Edited I've heard what Ed said. I may be wrong but I think he may have misspoken.
@@PopeLando type 2 supernova creates white dwarfs, type 1 destroys them.
White dwarfs are remnants of lower mass stars which tend to have a lifespan of billions of years. In the early universe, how is there enough time for white dwarfs to form?
Ed Copeland becomes Ed Hopeland in this video!
Anyone know whether JWST fixed the issue they were having?
I would be so happy is professor Ed had a ASMR channel. If he just chatted physics for like an hour every few night, I'd be so happy.
??
JWST should be subtitled The Cosmological Time Machine.
Can we get a few hours of Prof Copeland just ranting about his favorite theories and dark matter? Cuz I wouldn't need podcasts after that.
We all want what we can’t have Ed!
Let’s fulfil all of Prof. Copeland’s wishes today! Hand the telescope right over to him. He’s the greatest treasure we must protect. ❤
“Typical Titchmarsh” and other odd notes.
Professor Copeland should do Physics asmr.
Pr Copeland..... Brilliant guy....
My wish is for the thing to NOT be hit by small flying meteorites..
It’s been hit since the beginning of our time, why should it stop in our time?
Authentic youtube experience.
I like listening to intelligent people speaking - the more you know the less you know
early universe supermassive stars video plz
Do we have a new cosmological constant yet?
Perhaps our universe is a 2D surface (mathematically equivalent to a 3D hologram) that is being "rained" on by a sun like object, and that is where dark energy comes from.
How goes your wish list?
They should feed all the galaxies they survey like millions of them into machine learning models which learn how to classify and generate them and then do maths stuff and one of the principle components is going to be age so we can generate timelapses of a galaxy get older really easy or run backwards
Personally I hope it can find my dad who went to Andromeda for a pack of cigarettes and never came back.
"I'm gonna go get the papers, get the papers."
I want JWST to detect a Kardashev Type III galaxy that is a safe billion or two light years away...
These types of discussions are certainly more philosophical than scientific.
If light travels, what does darkness do?
Retreat
Pics or it didn't happen
Less than logical person, you fill in the gaps!
Or, the super massive black hole represents the elephant in the room, in that more TIME is required to get there. Thus, we're OLDER than 14 billion years.
How will that telescope be recycled after it dies?
Professor Ed is my baby daddy
And a salami please !
@0:12 How can a cosmologist know nothing of astronomy? I don't get it.