The Destroyed 19,000 Foot Volcano in Tanzania; Ngorongoro Crater
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 9 พ.ค. 2024
- Within Tanzania used to be one of the tallest volcanoes on the planet. This volcano used to stand at between 19,000 and 20,000 feet and had snow on its summit. However, unlike Kilimanjaro, it experiences a catastrophic eruption where this vast volcano completely collapsed. This collapse formed a 21 kilometer wide depression in the ground which is today known as Ngorongoro Crater. This video will discuss this volcanic complex, which is a popular tourists destination in Tanzania.
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Graphics of eruption dates are courtesy of the Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institute. volcano.si.edu/
Thumbnail Photo Credit: Luis Alvaz, Wikipedia, CC BY SA 4.0-I
0:00 Caldera Collapse
0:39 An Ancient 19,700 Foot Volcano in Africa
1:41 Geologic Setting
2:01 Shield Volcano Stage
2:35 Stratovolcano Stage
3:22 The Volcano Collapses
4:21 Post Caldera Activity
Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google
![500 บาท สุ่มกินสตรีทฟู้ดริมทะเล หาดจอมเทียนพัทยา 8K [HDR]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/aZLagyZyQE4/mqdefault.jpg)
Ngorongoro is one of the most surprisingly wildlife rich calderas on the planet. It contains lions, zebras, elephants, rhinos, wildebeests and more!
What is the deepest caldera in the world?
Lots of cool plants too, there are lists and pictures online, search for it. They have the kind of plants that only grow in certain types of volcanic dirt
How much pressure does it take to send an eruption to 50 kilometers?
Easy to see why the Rift Valley is called the Cradle of Life and ODL the Mountain of God.
Ngorongoro, /(ə)ŋˌɡɔːrəŋˈɡɔːroʊ/, not "Ngorongongo".
My wife and I went to Ngorongoro crater back in the 1980’s as part of our honeymoon! There is a beautiful hotel on the rim that overlooks the crater, wildlife migrated into the crater over 1000’s of years and is a protected sanctuary. The Maasai people live there and we’re extremely friendly, so happy we were able to make the trip.
ThAt sounds like a beautiful honeymoon ♥️
Dope🤙🤙 I've saw this place on a documentary and have always had it on a "one day" list..
I also saw a documentary with them recently, they were in “what is a woman”
I'm sure I am not the only one. The correct pronunciation is to say Ngoro twice. I visited Ngorongoro in 1968 . We camped on the rim and our Landrover was charged by a Rino near the lake. Spectacular.👴
Okay, that was how I was thinking it should be pronounced. Ngoro-ngoro. Or Ngor-on-goro.
@@MelanieCravens he really said "ngorongongo" 😭😭
You are correct about the pronunciation.
I too visited and got a girl crater in 2009 and it was really beautiful.
There’s so much wildlife in there it’s like a mystical experience.
I really liked driving up the outer rim, which is like a jungle with giant vines and green leafy plants,
quite a contrast to the inner part of the crater, which is like savanna grassland.
The night before, and the night after I was the crater I stayed in Karatu, Tanzania
Volcanism at the high end is almost unfathomable.
Take a borderline / low end VEI 5 (Mt St Helens) at 1km^3 and think about how incredibly large that event looked in all of the photos and videos of it.
Then we go up to Krakatau in 1883 at around 30km^3, which was a catastrophic event. VEI 6.
Then we go up to Tambora at over 100km^3 which is where things start to get unfathomably large. And yet this is only a low end VEI 7.
Then you have the true “supereruptions” at VEI 8 and over 1,000km^3. Try to imagine that, starting back at Mt St Helen’s’ 1km^3 low end VEI 5.
The Toba supereruption 75000 years ago was possibly over -5,000- km^3! I don’t believe that event was purely plinian; it definitely had some “super Strombolian” lava fountaining around the perimeter of the Ring fault sending lava many kilometers up into the air. But certainly thermal updrafts would’ve made for one hell of a massive eruption column.
And this isn’t even the “max” for what volcanism on earth can produce. Then you have Flood Basalts which are beyond mind boggling. 100,000km^3 +? Yup. Albeit erupted over a much longer period of time than a typical plinian / explosive event, but you’re talking incomprehensible in size.
Toba was definitely towards the upper end of what Earth can currently produce. Some of the upper estimates even put it at around 10,000 km^3, which would hypothetically make it a VEI 9 if such a category existed. Just looking at the size of the caldera on maps is wild, it really makes one wonder what the area looked like before such a massive blast. Its hard to believe that our species survived such an event deep in the past.
@@StuffandThings_ 10000km³ is not believable. I am pretty sure it would had been between 2800-5000km³. Yellowstone caldera is 80×65km while Toba lake is 100×35km which is a little larger than Yellowstone which means it's unlikely to have produced eruption as high as higher estimates. It's actually flat landing brook formation that's hypothetically a vei 9 Eruption though if more than one super eruption took place in very short intervals or all of it erupted as a whole is unknown.
@@wildlifeisthewealthofnatur5457 Again, it was definitely on the large side and required a lot of the ash to have gone into the ocean iirc. Its almost certainly a pretty sizeable overestimate, but considering that it was even a conceivable notion is mindblowing. Perhaps the height of the pre caldera edifice changes things. Either way, anything even in the low VEI 8 range is beyond proper comprehension, and the sheer speed of Toba's eruption makes it one of the most impressive volcanic events known.
The 10,000 cubic km^3 estimate for Toba is actually the same as the 5,000 km^3 estimate, the smaller value is the Dense rock equivalent volume while the other one is the actual volume with the air pockets inside pumice.
@@SpaceLover-he9fj I figured it was a DRE vs. ash estimate. Really wish there was a more standardized approach to that sometimes...
It would be cool to do a video on why lava ends up having more silica content over time or how it happens.
Maybe why Hawai'ian volcanoes stay at a low silica content.
How magma chamber chemistry changes over time is a pretty cool topic, yes
During caldera collapse, a ring-dyke system is often emplaced around the edifice, formed by magma forced out of the chamber by the weight of the overlying material.
You've mentioned it before so, can we get a piece on *why* when different magma types mix things tend to go crackle fizz boom? 🤔
Visited here in the 90's. Spectacular for viewing wildlife closeup and a stay at the Ngorongoro Lodge was other worldly. Looks like large meteorite impact, so imagining a volcanic explosion this large is scary.
This channel is pretty tight!
I almost forgot how much I love this stuff four years out of school.
Thanks for making it interesting!
Now you’ll have to do another video on Sakurajima in Kagoshima Japan. We just got the alert that the threat level has been raised from 3 to 5. The residents of the island are evacuating even as I write this.
Lets gooo, I’ve been looking for info on this for at least a year, thank you
You do the best documentaries/ explanations of volcanoes that I have ever seen. 💯👏
The fact that Ngorongoro has trachybasaltic and trachyandesitic magma and the fact that it had a massive eruption and how it changed shape from a shield volcano to a stratovolcano reminds me of Mount Tambora, but Ngorongoro had a much larger eruption and was taller than Tambora before their respective major eruptions.
Thank you for these videos! Very informative.
Another amazing video I truly love to hear you explain these things in a way that I can understand them and enjoy them just listening to you kind of draws me into geology thank you
Fascinating information. Thank you!
This is a good one I've been wondering about. Thanks.
@Geologyhub
Can you do a video on the geology of the San Gabriel/San Bernadino Mtns? More specifically Mt Baldy aka Mt San Antonio. I'm curious because it's right next to San Andreas fault going North/South and the mtn chain goes East/West.
Fascinating, as always
Pronounciation...
Ngoro
Ngoro
(You say the first part twice.)
Not a serious issue... the video was great and very informative.
Could you do a video on the Mount Aix Caldera in Washington? From what I've read it's one of the few VEI 7 eruptions to have happened in the cascades.
Great video #Tanzania #TAZ
Great info.
Topic suggestions: Banks Peninsula sheild volcanoes (South Island, New Zealand) and also the Port Chalmers volcano 300km south
Kindly allow me to make a correction.
Not Ngorongango. N goro n goro.
Excellent presentation. Thanks.
Thanks for the very informative video. ♥️
2.08 million years ago ... did this VEI 7 eruption have influence on the climate of those days?
Is there a risk that other tall volcanoes in that area, like Mt.Kilimanjaro or Mt.Kenya might see a similar eruption in the future?
More than 10 meters of ash in 30 km distance is massive.
Have a nice day 🖐👴
P.S.: I always understood Ngorongongo instead of Ngorongoro.
I was wondering what impact it had on human ancestors at that time in Africa, or if there is any way to tell what impact it had o the climate of the time. That's a lot of ash, I would assume cooler drier conditions for some time after the eruption, but for how long?
@@nagasvoice8895 Regarding human ancestors in Africa, at the time of the VEI 7 eruption 2.08 million years ago, there were multiple species of human ancestors overlapping in Africa, the latest Australopithecus and the earliest Homo. Their societies likely weren't much more complex than chimpanzees today; they had simple stone tool use, but it would be another million-plus years before they discovered fire. They almost certainly had no rational understanding of the eruption; it was just this massive THING to get away from and try to survive. It likely triggered significant migrations and related territorial conflicts as our ancestors searched for safety, food et al. One may reasonably wonder if the later "Out of Africa" migrations of human ancestors to the larger world weren't triggered by other catastrophes. The origins of religion probably lie in such ancient disasters that were inexplicable in their time, but are better understood today.
Regarding Mt. Kenya and Kilimanjaro, Mt. Kenya was already extinct when the Ngorongoro eruption happened. Kilimanjaro is technically considered dormant but (native legends aside) probably hasn't had a significant eruption in at least 150K years. Therefore, the odds of such an event at either volcano are slim to none.
Check your consonant sequence. Does not end in gong go. It is the same three syllables, repeated.
That one is fascinating.
Ngorongoro IS a spectacular wildlife region, almost unbelievably rich in diversity. One night an elephant made its way (silently!) through our camp, I managed to get a photograph, and another night hyenas prevented access to the toilet facilities. Unbelievable memories!
Estimated time span of the collapse and resulting seismic levels?
Wow it *was* taller than Kilimanjaro.
How hard is it to find out how to properly pronounce the name of he documentary subject?
Yay I suggested this!
Interresante!!
Can I ask what you consider to be the requirement for an eruption to be termed a super eruption? I've always head the minimum put at 1000 km^3, but I've heard you describe smaller eruptions as super eruptions as well.
"Super eruption" and "supervolcano" are media-created terms without hard scientific definitions. Eruptions of VEI 7 or above are often called "super" eruptions.
How about video on Lord's rock / Panská skála in Czech Republic? I was told there are many extinct volcano in Czech Republic.
Can you make a video on Laguna de bay? It's the largest lake in the Philippines and a potentially active volcanic caldera
I went to crater lake a few weeks ago it was so blue
I'm inclined to believe this huge caldera is no longer active....
You're correct.
Does Kilimanjaro have the potential to do the same?
It is amazing how well you pronounce volcano and foriegn names. Props buddy.
Best regards from South Africa
He pronounce that incorrectly. The first half of the word is exactly the same as the last half. There is no third ‘G’ in the word. Whoever is narrating this needs to up their game, this is the second time in a week that he’s mispronounced something.
@@chrislangford1265 i know right, he has been doing this for a loong time.
Excellent videos, please would you do the formation of Malawi and it’s fascinating lake.As it lies in the East African Rift Valley, with only one
is this caldera still active?
This is so damn interesting.
Ngorongoro should be pronounced NgorongoRo, not NgorongoNgo! My parents took us 3 siblings there from Arusha many! years ago when Tanganyika (then) & Kenya parks were not swamped & spoiledwith tourist jeeps & vans. Before the new lodge was built on the crater rim, there were simple cosy wooden huts, bunk beds & a fantastic view! As it was a working trip for our dad, we had the place to ourselves. Same for the Tented Camp at Lake Manyara. Those were the real days of Safari! Thanks for the video, Jo.
How is the former height estimated?
NB Pronunciation is NgorongoRo - in danger of getting confused with NyiragoNGo.
Can you do an episode on the super caldera located on the northeast philippine sea?
Interesting 💕❤️🌺👵
You'd be forgiven to think that such a massive depression is an impact crater at first
Would you be able to talk about the event the event caused people to think there was a volcano hidden In the Florida swamps. The Wakulla volcano.
With all of the plate movement these last few years, why have we not heard about any activity at all in this area?
How about a video about Heart mountain?
Isn't this the same region of that video/photo of helicopter taking off as the ground is falling down around it? A rift was opening in a area or something.
Why do you keep saying "Ngorongongo" instead of "Ngorongoro" as written, I wonder...
Yikes!
New caldera forming animation 👀
VIDEO REQUEST: What was the strongest submarine eruption and what, if any, benefit has it been?
The 2022 Tonga eruption is the largest RECORDED eruption and it has had little benefit, devastating local areas although producing surreal sunsets across the Pacific.
@@ACHistory Why all-cap recorded? Why speak of that volcano? I specifically asked about a "submarine eruption".
If I recall Ngorongoro holds a huge amount of deadly gases under pressure in its depths. The gasses are released occasionally and poison the landscape for miles around. Lots of wildlife, and humans, too, are killed. There's another lake nearby with similar profile.
Never heard of this caldera being involved in death from gasses, the Nyos crater is 1,800+miles from Ngorongoro
What if it is active?
0:58 african golden wolf and flamingoes
If you did not see it before it collapsed, how do you know how tall it was before it collapsed?
estimates
Can Kilimanjaro produce a similar event? The two volcanoes seem strikingly similar in size, eruptive history, and location. Although the shallow magma chamber of Kilimanjaro seems like it may prevent such an event. I can't imagine what it would be like to witness such a large mountain just _disappear_ like that.
Most likely not. The most likely candidate for a eruption over a 6 right now is Iwo Jima in Japan. The resurgent dome of the caldera has risen at least 250 feet in history.
@@ACHistory Oh I'm well aware that there are _far_ more likely candidates and that Kilimanjaro is pretty solidly dormant. It was more a question whether it even _could_ as opposed to whether it will (which is essentially a no).
Kilimanjaro does have the potential to create a similar event, provided if it has both types of magma in its volcanic systems. It has produced caldera forming eruptions at the shira and kibo summits, but these were not the Krakatoa-tambora style eruptions that caused them.
Did this volcano blow itself to extiction?
So which is it? Ngorogoro or Ngorogongo. Your you wrote one and said the other. Very confusing!
It’s neither. It’s Ngorongoro.
@@chrislangford1265 thank you. I missed the N. Cheers!
NgoroGORO - not "GONGO" Been there - saw my only Black Rhino in the wild.
4 syllables: Ngo-ro-ngo-ro.
Wow that crater looks exactly like the one in Arizona but they call it a Meteor impact
Only if your eyes are closed.
I love your videos and I try to watch all of the videos you post. Ngorongoro, look closely at the spelling because it is being pronounced incorectly. What I am hearing looks like Ngorongongo. Notice the proper spelling only has two letter "Gs", and two letter "Ns".
Where in the world can the largest caldera be found and is it still active?
the largest known caldera is the apolaki caldera, which is entirely extinct and underwater near the philippines
@@actualdeer :)
If you count only active volcanos, I think Lake Toba is the largest caldera in size
"N-goro N-goro" crater.
I just connected that Un'goro crater in WoW is named after this... Its obvious in retrospect lol
For anyone who is curious, This volcano is Extinct
Imagine: Lake Ranier
ANY ACTIVE VOLCANOES ON THE CHINESE MAINLAND?
Not many, but there's primarily Mt. Paektu on the border with North Korea, and there's a "volcanic field" in Tibet that last had an eruption in 1951 (if you consider Tibet to be part of China, which I don't). There are a lot of seemingly dormant volcanoes and volcanic fields in China, however.
we finally found Death Mountain!
Pronounced: NGO - RONG -GORO
👍
Un'goro crater's source material.
Ngorongoro, not ngorongongo
Do a video about a certain volcanic slope that can collapse at anytime and form a massive tsunami wave that would hit the whole usa east cost.
It's pronounced Ngoro-ngoro, other than that good job.
Informative , interesting , though confusing with regards to your pronunciations of what seem to be difficult sets of letters , eg : N-goro-n-goro - often the N , is pronounced off the back of the toungue .
Ngarahoe is one such , as is Ngaruawhia .
Please try to enunciate your words correctly , to save confusion , or a bit of bewilderment untill the listener works out the correct way it's said .
The crater these days is relatively dry , and the Lions in the crater , are changing genetically - this from one of David Attenborough s nature series where it featured .
I wonder how this effected the developement of the human race that was forming at the time.
dayum,,
1 SuperVolcano eruption is more dearly than 1 Hydrogen Bomb detonation
You need to remake the video and pronounce Ngorongoro correctly.
Man, your pronunciation of volcano names only gets funnier and funnier 😝
Yeah its bad sigh
"Ngoro-ngoro."
"Nongong-goron-go."
_Ngorongoro_ is hard to pronounce for most non-Africans but it's like you didn't even try! 🤦🏾♂ Same with your other video on _Longonot_ . Next time, could you put a little effort?
You're pronouncing Ngorongoro badly... it's the same word twice, you should therefore pronounce both halves the same way each time... like they do in Tanzania.
That is also by no coincidence the correct phonetic pronunciation.
How can you say 2. 4 million years ago when mankind only has 10,000 years of human history recorded? Are you in agreement with God then sayin one day is as a thousand years? Even then that at best is 16,000 years. Where n how do you base your assumption of 2.4 million years? Don't just state it as fact do d true science prove it
Isotope dating of volcanic ash. This isn't difficult. However, data does up-end religious myths and that is too scary for some people.
this video has issues. keeps on stopping and starting up over and over again. 😆
7700 years ago 😂
Take a geology class, from a real geologist at a real university.
2.25 million years ago 🤣🤣
let us belive what we want to
1700years ago ...😂😂😂😂 someone wrote on a rock this valcano is made in china get facts infedel not fiction....
Great videos.
Can you cover Makhtesh?
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhtesh
While I love your videos, and your geologic knowledge is obviously deep, it's a little entertaining to my linguistic side to hear you pronounce some of the names of geologic features. Here, Ngorongoro is a Swahili name, and Swahili is famous for prenazalized consonants. Pretty much, they like putting m's and n's before the start of syllables. "Ngorongoro" is no exception. Swahili also does something that a lot of other languages do (just not English so much) called reduplication, so "Ngorongoro" is just "ngoro" repeated twice.
All that to say it should be pronounced something like "n-go-ro-n-go-ro" ( or /ⁿgo'.ɾo.ⁿgo'.ɾo./ for those who read IPA ).