The Science of Sleep: Melatonin to Neural Pathways
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 มิ.ย. 2016
- Russell Foster, Debra Skene and Stafford Lightman discuss the science of sleep. Why do we need sleep and what are the physiological processes driving our circadian rhythm? When is our circadian clock disrupted and how does this affect our health? Cognitive neuroscientist Vincent Walsh chairs the debate.
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The science behind sleeplessness can help us understand our rhythms so we can live better and healthier lives. While hormones, such a melatonin, play a role in driving our circadian clock, the amount of sleep we get and our sleep cycles also affect our hormonal release patterns, with far-reaching implications on our health.
Cognitive neuroscientist Vincent Walsh chairs a discussion with a panel of experts who specialise in circadian rhythms. They explore how light detection plays a role in our sleep-wake cycles, how hormone release is regulated and the implications of changes to our circadian clock and sleeplessness over time.
This event was supported by British Psychological Society and Society for Endocrinology.
Russell Foster is Professor of Circadian Neuroscience at the University of Oxford. The research interests of his group range across visual neuroscience, circadian rhythms and sleep.
You can buy his book "The Rhythms Of Life" now - geni.us/N1AjGJx
Debra Skene is Professor of Neuroendocrinology at the University of Surrey. She leads the research group 'Sleep, Chronobiology and Addiction' and her research focusses on links between human circadian clocks, sleep and metabolism in health, circadian disorders and metabolic diseases.
Stafford Lightman is Professor of Medicine at Bristol University. Researching the mechanisms of stress-related disease, his research has particularly looked at how neuroendocrine rhythms signal to other tissues in the body.
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5:32 chemical process for cortisol
15:48 oscillations
17:55 pineal and melatonin
Thank you
My hero
Love everything The Royal Institution puts out and so grateful to find such high quality presentations available to the public on youtube.
Suppriced they even talk about melatonin, they want to suppress it. The royal have been slaughtering kids pineal glands for 1000s of years.
What an astonishing video, how does this not have more views? So great!
Thank you for this research; it is desperately needed and your hard work will transform lives.
Thank you, brilliant. I've learned a lot today.
"Burns and Smithers" was a very helpful way to explain what was going on! Thank you!
thank you very much for the lesson!
I wonder if some of the lethargy/oversleeping of the depressed brain is an attempt to shut off the cortisol that never seems to stop flowing when one is awake. When my depression gets really bad, I just want to sleep--being awake and dealing with things is just too overwhelming and stressful. Sure, the dreams can get bad, but it's better than being awake.
Same here. I heard that depression doesn't actually increase sleep...it just increases the amount of time you spend in bed. I can say for sure that was not true for me. When I'm depressed, I EAT and SLEEP lol. I'm a lot more accepting of it than I used to be though. The way I see it, if my body is telling me to sleep it's probably because I need it. I think being accepting of my depression instead of beating myself up goes a long way in helping it pass. That and drinking Yerba Mate tea every morning...I swear that stuff needs to be studied as an antidepressant! Admittedly, my bouts of depression tend to be milder these days...loss of interest in things, sleeping, maybe a bit of catastrophizing. I'm not at all suggesting what I do for someone with severe depression.
thank you guys for this amazing video!
Artur you’re welcome
Thank you for this information, both educational and informative. It is this kind of video that I'm always searching for. It is important that we get information and not opinions which are usually based on conclusions. Thanks!
Thanks a lot for posting this :)
Debra Skene does a great job of packing a lot of information about melatonin into 15 minutes. But she cuts a couple of small corners. First of all, the PRCs she presents are dose-specific PRCs. Every dosing regime is associated with a slightly different curve. 1 mg of sublingual melatonin has a _significantly_ different PRC from 1 mg of sustained-release melatonin taken as a capsule. This is also true for the intensity and duration of the light stimulus for the light PRC. None of the PRC charts in this presentation can be interpreted in specific terms, because the dose protocol is not summarized (though I'm sure it can be found in the original sources, which are all indicated).
My second point is that when she says "all" the circadian disorders, she means the _structured_ circadian disorders, where the clock functions normally, but for one reason or another tends not to keep a desirable phase relationship to the diurnal light/dark cycle. There also exists disorders of the clock itself, where it fails to produce a properly structured 24-hour (ish) rhythm of any kind, or at least the right kind.
I've managed to treat my own sighted N24-disorder with sustained-release melatonin capsules in the mid-afternoon, typically 15:30. (No single dose of _any_ non-sustained melatonin at _any_ dosage fully corrected my disorder. I spent three years working through the many permutations and combinations, intensely frustrated at having 80-90% of a solution, which still left me drifting an hour or two per week.) Untreated, I experience something worse than mere drift. My clock also seemed to lose structure every second week as I drifted around the clock, to where I was just a shell of my normal self on the back side of my cycle. This remained true no matter how many solid hours I slept during the day (and I had a drug which knocked me into a wonderfully deep sleep, and even though this had the same effect no matter when I took it, it only seemed to repair sleep debt on the day-mode side of my two-week cycle).
Among the small, sighted N24 population, the failure modes tend toward the idiosyncratic. Mine certainly did. And it's only successfully treated now, after thirty years of struggle, because of valiant researchers like Debra Skene.
Imagine your life is like _Groundhog Day,_ only it's actually more like _Lost in Translation_ running in reverse, with your jet lag daily getting ever worse, until you're a shell of a shell of your normal self, averaging one full week of accumulating jet lag hell out of every two or three week period. Well, I've been told, everybody goes without sleep some of the time. True. But it has all the wisdom of telling a haemophiliac impeded by a blackberry patch to stop breaking off each and every thorn and get on with with crashing through, because everybody bleeds sometimes.
Normal people take the 24 hour day for granting, and they _also_ take for granted the clock's natural self-repair after going full-on exam-week drunken meth-head party animal. I take one eye off my circadian clock, it dives into the thick underbrush like a hallucinating truffle boar. And then it takes me a full three weeks of unbroken vigilance to coax that greased pig back into his proper cage again.
Greased-truffle-boar non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder in normally sighted subjects is not yet an official diagnosis in the DSM. But trust me, I'm working on it.
Allan Stokes that sounds insane. I'm glad you've found something that works at last.
You lost me at hallucinating truffle boar? What?
Do you have a blog post somewhere documenting the experiments you went through? Is there a private lab you used to measure your personal melatonin levels? 1mg or regular melatonin helps me sleep; but I've tried a delayed release at bedtime like you talk about and it leaves me extremely groggy the entire next day.
@@jaystannard He talked about taking a sustained release MID-AFTERNOON, not at bedtime.
@@onefiveeight ok, but still answers to my questions?
Sleep is so vital in the maintenance of good health.
Watching this after a sleepless night.
Hopefully it will help! :)
watching this after a sleepless dacade and a half.
hopefully it will help! xD
I watch TED videos INSTEAD of sleeping.
DR. JACK KRUSE will help you more. Nourish Vermont, 2016, 2017, 2018
The things we do to "help"... Did it work at least.. I hope so...
I did not expect a lol moment during this prezzie but your posted comment 'got me good' lol.
Will there be a Q&A video uploaded?
It's good I am so in a relaxed mood it calms you down, stimulates your seratonin level
He looks like a friendly version of Simon Cowell.
omg he really does! T-shirt and all! LOL
Lol
I was thinking the exact same thing.
Hahahahahahaha
I thought the same thing. 😂
It makes you feel good could smooth out the rough spots
My ears popped at 5:44.
Listening to this as I can’t sleep. My partner works nights and when he isn’t here at night I can’t relax, I get about 3 hours of sleep and wake up throughout them. When my partner is here I fall asleep easily by 9.30pm (I get up at 5.30). The cortisol-based segment made me wonder how physical touch affects cortisol
You could benefit from practiced relaxation techniques and possibly self defense study and self rescue safety tools.
A hypnotist can be of benefit also. Get on it, and you’ll succeed.
Bless your heart I can relate...
7:11- Remarkable confirmation of a key physiological phenomenon, the pulsatility for many metabolic activities such as insulin secretion pattern or heart rate variability, ... also pulsatile. So rhythm is a fundamental life mechanism. Some of them are just feedback responses, others may be just a intrinsic property.
Super interesting
3:30 speakers begin and the m.c. stops pitching the topic to the choir.
@48:27 The eye diagram looks like a logic matrix between the rods, and the optic nerve... They seem to be wired in a series, and then parallel, series again, parallel again, like it's compressing data similer to a .wav file being encoded to an .mp3 file, then off to the optic nerve.
Scarakus also local patch intensity/exposure processing
Scarakus what an amazing reflection!
Everytime explanation about the mechanisms, but no effort to dig in for curing problems with some meds, or any new meds as usual, It feels good to give speech to people like a professor, self satisfaction, not a tiny tip or idea to correct or cure some problems, this speech very
empty inside.. We have internet now, you did not hear it yet I guess
Don't watch past 40 min mark if you have insomnia. Your anxiety will go through the roof and you won't sleep at all
The medical industrial complex's failure to properly research and diagnose and treat microbiome and sleep and vital nutritional deficiency issues (including those related to Vitamin D3 and Vitamin K2 and Magnesium deficiencies as well as iatrogenic prescription medication usage) is a major reason why psychiatric iatrogenesis is a primary contributor to the third leading cause of death in the U.S. (which is iatrogenesis in general). If the U.S. spent just a fraction of the over $40 billion each year it spends just on iatrogenic psychiatric drugs alone, on properly researching the issues discussed in this and related TH-cam presentations we would probably, Lord willing, achieve an absolute revolution in medical efficacy improvement and iatrogenesis reduction.
Thomas Steven Roth, MBA, MD
Christian Minister for Biblical Medical Ethics, and therefore, Scientific and Religious Refugee from the Clinical Practice of Psychiatric Standards of Care
I like the way she says bilactically enucliated.
I thought that the secretion of melatonin WAS affectd by exposure of the human's eye to light--particularly "blue" light at night. (This program is fascinating.)
Musica curativa para Sanacion y Meditacion‚ eleva tu espiritu y Sana tus Emociones diariamente ❤❤❤️
Apparently the first speaker expected everyone to respect him and listen to him after he insists an entire branch of science in the first minute. TRI should edit that bit out
Skene is not integrating 2 key concepts into her study of the blind and the conclusions drawn. One is that there are two layers to the retina, one layer we know as rods and cones for detecting visual light signals, and one for detecting light signals from the invisible spectrum where all the clock signals are generated. One could be blind and still detect non visual signals from light hitting that layer. Also, one of the photo receptors in that layer, melanopsin, is also found in the skin. Yes,our skin is also a perceiver of light, just less so than the retina. If a blind person has a totally defective retina, they can still perceive light. As an addendum, I was writing that as she mentioned taking melatonin while wearing sunglasses. Not only does that ignore the input of light upon the skin, but it also suggests a behavior that blocks your eyes from the only valuable source of melatonin; that is, from sunlight into the retina and sans clothing, onto the skin.
Some High-trim in the audio maybe ?
Thanks
You're welcome, Richard!
Bravo
Great video, what about people waking early 3-4am mornings. I'd get 4-5 hrs of sleep than start waking up. Tried magnesium, melatonin. Any suggestions.
Where is the Q&A for this one?
So, any research into ideal sleep cycle? Is 24h the best one? (In an environemnt with no sun cycles, like a space station or submarine)
Also, do we need to have 8h sleep cycles? What's ideal?
Debra Skene was a lecturer of mine, Surrey sleep research centre (where she works) have done some great work on this if you want to check it out.To answer your question though it is a little more complicated then you think. It can be argued that younger people need more sleep (>8h a day) and older people need less sleep (
TAKaminski1 Thanks a lot! Any link to it?
I remember reading about an experiment where the subjects turned to a 2-phase "day", i.e. they went to sleep, but would get up again after about 6 hours of sleep, do something for a few hours and get back to bed again for another few hours. However, the overall cycle was still 24 hours.
TimmacTR www.surrey.ac.uk/fhms/research/centres/ssrc/Publications/ This is the link to the surrey sleep research centre. There are too many articles to link providing evidence for the other thinks. It would turn into a whole essay if I were to go that route. But Prof Dijk has published much of the research I was referring to, which can be seen on the link I provided.
Markus Birth This does not sound like a good idea. Sleep is controlled by two systems, the homeostatic and the circadian system. The homeostatic system causing increasing demand to sleep with the increasing amount of time since the last sleep. However, the circadian system only promotes sleep at certain times of the circadian cycle, as humans are diurnal (not nocturnal) the circadian system promotes sleep at night and actively promotes wakefulness during the day.
The homeostatic system (if simplified) requires you have 8 hours of sleep per 24 hours not mattering where it occurs (of arguments sake). Where as the circadian system works to prevent sleep during the day but promote it during the 10h of darkness. This means that not only will sleeping during the day be impaired by the circadian process, but attempting to be awake during the night would also be difficult because your body is trying to promote sleep at night (therefore, decreasing alertness and task performance).
However sleep its self is not the only problem with this idea. If you get up at night and turn on the lights for a prolonged period of time to do something. This light itself will signal to the brain that it is day time and alter the timing of the circadian clock. This exposure to light druing the night time has been associated with various dieases including cancer and obesity, which some think is to do with the ability of light exposure to suppress production of the hormone melatonin. Further, light at night can be causal in the development of circadian sleep disorders and can promote freerunning of the circadian clock. Even further eating at night has been shown to be just awful for your health in both animal models and humans (night-works have terrible health in humans and in rodent models, some studies on this are by Salgado-Delgado et al., 2008,2010a,2010b,2013).
So in conclusion, no it does not seem that this method of sleep is at all a good idea and likely bad for your health.
Note: Freerunning is when a animal is removed from environmental time cues, mainly light, and the animals instead beguns to display rhythms of sleep and activity that are depended on the length of its internal clock cycle. For example if you remove humans from time cues, display sleeping patterns of 24.2h and soon become out of sync with the outside world. This intrinsic cycle length is called tau or the period of the circadian cycle.
When was Simon Cowell into science?
Lol
I was searching for this comment as I thought the exact same lol
How do they test cortisol levels during sleep without allowing the testing to influence the quality of sleep and resulting cortisol levels?
Probably stick a tube into a person for a day, that opens valves automatically every certain period of time and draws blood, without giving the timing to the person by making the tube non transparent
interesting the number of peeps on , usually , addiction sites , don't allow comments comments !?
The research shows that meditation, darker light increase Melatonin content, that is the hormomes for sleep
So what kind of showers do you have NOW?
What happens when dreaming becomes a problem: vivid and constant?
So get sunlight at 8am and take melatonin pill at 8pm??
This content is absolutely fantastic. I recently came across a similar article, and it was truly remarkable. "Better Sleep Better Life" by William Brook
Just a minute or so in and I'm sure about how I feel when he says the LHC discoveries don't or won't affect us in our daily lives. That probably has to be either the worst analogy ever or the greatest misunderstanding ever.
Well, go on then.
MPAH1981 He did say they found very interesting things in the LHC. If it had an effect on everyday life, other than that, you would have mentioned what it was in your comment. As it stands, your comment is drivel. But that's youtubers.
Kenneth, where do you think the knowledge to make the machines that these biologists use came from? The knowledge that comes from the particle accelerator is having PROFOUND impacts on everyday life... just less immediately... (he said, using the INTERNET).
How has the discovery of the Higgs boson affected you in your daily life?
My favourite stutter is the one when he says "your your your", it sounds like a broken record.
This is all sensible and scientific information but what about polyphasic sleep?? How messed up are these people? Can you train to be polyphasic if you wish?
Apparently the cortisol signal is a PWM signal.
ha!
makzmakz we are walking sinewaves 😕
Lot of info. Useful. What if sleep is not "Important", but "Exportent"? Like expiration, a result of inspiration. That means, it's a result and thus actual influencer of next / future time. What if, like Exercise, we could make sleep a more conscious function and thus enhance the quality of future time? What is observed gives knowledge, but applying it, is wisdom. If a normal non exercising person has average of about 70 heart beats, with exercise one can maintain at 60 and be enhanced in living. Similarly, if, sleep is made a "Conscious" act, one could reduce the time needed, improve its functions and thus enhance living!!! Evidence based must move beyond Evidence limited.
why are most long lectures on TH-cam done by brits?
Gabriel M because the British general public care. In America there's only a small subset of the population that could appreciate this channel. It's not cool to know stuff in America, and most Americans are too self absorbed to care about anything after they've finished testing.
Lisa Adler your first sentence makes no sense grammatically. please reword it
Gabriel M Not very brilliant are you, if you couldn't decipher a sentence.
@@lisaadler507 lol racist
Introducer has similar face structure as Morrissey
38:18 urine problems
I wish your videos weren't so quiet, if im using a mobile device I have to use headphones.
This video was supposed to be 'to teach professors about sleep' , even then thy need to work on their slides.
I hope this doesn't make me sleep, which would be immensely ironic when you think about it.
God Bless.
Simon ?
And if you didn’t know......Melatonin is available in the vitamin & supplements aisle. No prescription needed. Start with 2.5mg or 5mg and work your way up to 10 or more milligrams or until it works. If it doesn’t work by 30mg then it probably isn’t going to work. I wouldn’t take more than 30mgs. Although you probably could take more but I personally wouldn’t. It does work and usually at 10 or less milligrams.
If you want to save money then get a higher dose and split the pill in half. Twice the amount for half as much. But it’s not expensive.
Melatonin helps me sleep, but gives me terrible nightmares. Even at 1 mg.
You, esteemed scientists, have read everything about human sleep, you have only expressed your understandings with the help of the tools you have, based on observations of a body's brain reactions, but what is the reality of sleep and what does it mean and from what sources? It is natural, you do not know anything, and the reason is that you have never received the meaning of the breath of human beings from the point of view of creation, and the place of thought and intellect without knowing it are in different places, but you have both intellect and thought. You imagine only in the form of a single body, and this kind of scientific view will never get the right answer unless special attention is paid to the true meaning of reason and thought, the meaning of which does not come out through laboratory experiments. And the existence of the intellect, which is connected to an eternal source and derives its power of intelligent movement from that source, and has the ability to receive ideas, which may be outside the body of beings, cannot be made or produced by human means by man. . I mean, you can't create an intelligent genital intellect in a cell because a cell needs to be connected to the source of eternal existence for its own directional movement.
With this reminder, I do not intend to disrespect scientific scientists at all, because whatever human beings have had good experiences with, this has been for the benefit of scientific scientists.
I'm here reading the comments b4 watching video and wondering what this guy looks like. Now that I'm watching the video I screamed out " oh my God he does" and woke up my brother and then showed him this guy then showed him simon Cowell because he didnt know who he was either
Watching this at 5:39am. Anyone else have dsps?
universe
im getting very sleepyyyyyyyyyyy
Superb lectures, incompetent editing. What is the point exactly of showing a room full of people staring at a screen at 13:20 and not showing us the screen that's being referred to by the speaker?
✌️😎🥃
RIGHTS FOR MICE!
Why do they get trashed like that? Everyone goes on about Human Rights, well what about rights for rats and mice?
Karen alert 📢
I stopped watching when he dissed particle accelerators
Then you're missing out on a great video. If you're patient for another 2 minutes, Russell Foster, Debra Skene and Stafford Lightman begin speaking at 3:30
Benn Clarke Your comment is factually wrong. He said what they found at the LHC is very interesting.
Kenneth Florek but it won't keep you up at night (true)
yeah, really ! what has knowledge of physics ever done for mankind ? Ohhh, right, never mind. Admittedly the influence of particle physics knowledge, while profound, feels less immediate than today's sleep. Maybe it's cause I just woke up, but the m.c. annoyed me and the speakers didn't grab me.
@@WhatIveLearned oh wow, hi there, didn't expect you here
.
Layperson here. Learned absolutely nothing. YAWN.
Did that man just blind a bunch of rats I keep rats.
Simon Cowell Bell& Howell
Three blind mice
We waste 1/3 of out lives sleeping!
You lost me 40secs in
Just one minute in
and he's wrong.
Oho, "evolution has decided!" When you need intervention of a conscious personality to produce an object as simple as a pen, the unconscious random forces of nature will march undirected to create an entity as sophisticated and as *programmed* as the human brain! Come on, let's not suppress our intellect.
Totally Waste of Time 👎
No Practical Solutions ; Only a Load of Un-Need Information,