Why Is There An Ammo Shortage? Season 2: Episode 10

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 17 ต.ค. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 302

  • @EagleEyeShooting
    @EagleEyeShooting 2 ปีที่แล้ว +43

    But we have ammo manufacturers here in AZ ready to send millions of munitions overseas to aid..... but they won't stock our local shelves?!

    • @calebdean2440
      @calebdean2440 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I've been curious to exactly what they sent. Was if a 5.56/7.62 Nato or a more typical Soviet round 7.62/5.45x39

    • @stevebailey3089
      @stevebailey3089 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      It was 556 the guy was on fox News a couple days ago sent 1 million rounds to Ukraine 🇺🇦

    • @WayStedYou
      @WayStedYou 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You won't need that ammo if the whole world gets nuked so.

    • @josephgomes8543
      @josephgomes8543 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      I seriouly doubt you wanna shoot 7.62 x 39 FMJ on your deer hunt. And their LIFE struggle is way more important than our target shooting

    • @calebdean2440
      @calebdean2440 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@josephgomes8543 I don't believe the sentiment is "How dare they send 1 million rounds of ammo to a conflict" as much as it is a confusion as to where did they have million a rounds to donate if the shelves have been empty for 2 years.

  • @secretariat1703
    @secretariat1703 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Finally some clear explanation on shortage of ammo! It is frightening to see how empty are the shelves in hunting stores of Canada.For a new buyer you got to find some ammo before getting your firearm! Can’t go worse than right now.Thanks Ron!

  • @mackellyman5642
    @mackellyman5642 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    RSO, you're so right about the perfect stock design being the original M70 Winchester.... Thanks for all you do.

  • @robertrussell9336
    @robertrussell9336 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Great video as always, a pleasure to spend a few minutes learning from you , Thanks Ron.

  • @duck-n-cover477
    @duck-n-cover477 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Nice commentary on Kimber rifles! Great triggers on those too, but downscaled sizing is a different fit. Why are there so few production hunting rifles *available* with traditional wood stocks? Also, I heard from Winchester reps, they put production capacity in 2022 toward making 6.5 CM, but they and other manufacturers left us with a shortfall in rifles chambered in traditional cartridges.

  • @greasydot
    @greasydot 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Expansion Industries has purchased an old Amory here in Texas and is supposedly starting to build primers in that plant with any luck at all.

  • @alby-oy4nc
    @alby-oy4nc 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Between the new shooters. Remington being shut down for a year (give or take). And no Russian ammunition coming across the pond. Which was almost 50% of the market. It has gotten tough. That's not even including the component supply shortage like Ron touched on.

    • @warrenlilly2091
      @warrenlilly2091 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Ok then why hasn't Noslar made bullets in two years!!! Surely you don't think they're only making 9 mm!! No new cases, nothing????
      I smell a bullet and it smells fishy!!

  • @jk-kr8jt
    @jk-kr8jt 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Great video Ron. Thanks for touching on the length vs the weight of the bullets. Lead having a greater specific gravity will always be a shorter bullet than an all copper bullet, in the same weight.
    Cheers, Jeff.

    • @ryanwilson5936
      @ryanwilson5936 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Being new to reloading, that’s good information to share and it makes sense. I’m an avid ice fisherman and I use tungsten jigs instead of lead. They are about half the volume of a lead jig of the same weight. Your comment really puts lead vs copper bullets in perspective for me. For what it’s worth, I haven’t actually reloaded my first round yet, I’m still acquiring equipment and the last year has been an awful time to get into it. But, I appreciate any knowledge I can find. Thanks!

    • @jk-kr8jt
      @jk-kr8jt 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ryanwilson5936 Ryan, enjoy the journey to becoming a reloader. That's actually an addiction, I mean hobby, I haven't yet gotten into. I've wanted to for years but haven't made the leap. Your exactly correct with your analogy to jig heads. A pound of lead and a pound of feathers weight the same. Just need a bigger sack to carry the feathers. Enjoy. Cheers Jeff

    • @ryanwilson5936
      @ryanwilson5936 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@jk-kr8jt
      Thanks for the kind words Jeff!

  • @richwilcox9564
    @richwilcox9564 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What a wealth of knowledge. Thanks for sharing.

  • @bigracer3867
    @bigracer3867 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Who really knows. The deepest pockets get the goods. As always has. Just buy what you want as and when you see it!! There is no waiting for better prices. Won’t be any. I miss buying primers and powder. Been none anywhere I live.

  • @mountainview540
    @mountainview540 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I have been buying ammo a little here a little there for a while. Ended up with a good amount. Never bought anything that was overly expensive in the past 2 years. Never needed too. Love the channel. I picked up 30 06 today at 22 a box 165gr super x, my gun likes super x 😉

    • @djl5634
      @djl5634 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yep I have a Remington 740 in 30 06. Seen a little ammo here and there. At my local Walmart federal and Remington for 25$ a box. But my only ar15 is 6.5grendel. And I haven't seen local ammo hardly. Online is good to go but I buy it 1 box at a time so????

    • @josephrogers8213
      @josephrogers8213 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@djl5634 maybe pickup 556 upper

    • @djl5634
      @djl5634 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@josephrogers8213 yea I would rather buy more ammo with the money put into the extra upper. 6.5grendel is the best at cartridge in my opinion. But I eventually plan on buying a 556 or 7.62 upper. I have a SKS so I already in have a good stash of 7.62.

    • @308dad8
      @308dad8 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Well, I have bought a few boxes of expensive stuff that wasn’t expensive in 2019, but I try being patient and smart opting not to pay 100% markup for any ammunition. We consumers can force prices down but we all have to work together by only buying when the price is right and passing 100% of the time that the price is wrong.

    • @308dad8
      @308dad8 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@djl5634 I’m not a gimmick cartridge guy, and an AR15 in anything but a standard 556/223 chambering is a strategic blunder, how much 223&556 have you seen lately?

  • @kesleycottrell1416
    @kesleycottrell1416 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I haven't had an ammo shortage. I have been reloading for over 30 years. I started reloading because of a friend that reloaded and got me started. When l was messing around and was coming up with ammo that was a lot better groups than the store bought l was hooked.

    • @Billhatestheinternet
      @Billhatestheinternet 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I reload, but when you can't get primers, you're boned.

  • @RawFeeding101
    @RawFeeding101 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    *Question For You* If my range only goes out to 25yd. how would I sight in my rifle to shoot at 100yd. in 308. I'm running a Savage Apex Predator XP in 308 and plan on going on my first hunt before too long. Is something like this possible?

    • @repetemyname842
      @repetemyname842 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      RF: A little late to the party but any .30 cal or .270 can be set at 2" high at 25 yards, this will put you darn close to dead on at 100yds. Guns are different, bullets are different, but this has always been our quick set due to a scope getting bumped, etc. Most of our shots in the north of WI are less than 100yds so its nice to be dead on.

    • @RawFeeding101
      @RawFeeding101 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@repetemyname842 thank you SO MUCH!

  • @dredelcottcryptozooligist4101
    @dredelcottcryptozooligist4101 2 ปีที่แล้ว +34

    Vista outdoors owns Federal Ammo, CCI, Remington ammo, and some others. When one company controls 70% of domestic ammunition production, you get what we now have.

    • @djl5634
      @djl5634 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Yes but at least Remington is back up. I think that helped supply a lot. But I shoot 6.5grendel. It's my only ar15. And it's been hard finding ammo. I have a SKS but it's just not the same

    • @camwinston5248
      @camwinston5248 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      About Vista...Correct.

    • @jongruen7854
      @jongruen7854 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      It's a raw materials issue. Every industry has been affected by it. The one I'm in has gone from replacement service parts orders of weeks to months. Not to mention millions of new gun owners. Hoarders, contract sales, a political covid work force reduction of about 2 years. Supply and demand, welcome to our system capitalism.

    • @newerest1
      @newerest1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Monopoly theory is not what happened 🤦‍♀️

    • @308dad8
      @308dad8 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@djl5634 You assume these risks when you back a gimmick cartridge as your only musket. We need some Red blooded American in the hot seat and we’ll have Russian ammunition imports back up, maybe repeal the ban on Chinese guns and ammunition and we might see an outright flooded market, plus a more accommodating China. It’s that or mine and manufacture absolutely everything we need for all our critical industries right here in the US and push China all the way out and use UN/NATO to cripple their economy.

  • @leroymorris6036
    @leroymorris6036 ปีที่แล้ว

    30-06 for everything for me, thanks Ron...

  • @johnf6967
    @johnf6967 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Hi Ron, another great one. Always appreciate your insight!

  • @DanielBoone337
    @DanielBoone337 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    How the hell I missed you have a podcast is beyond me but found you now brother!!!

  • @rudygeorgiamulesandcountry1594
    @rudygeorgiamulesandcountry1594 ปีที่แล้ว

    The Mossberg Patriot youth model with the 20" barrel and walnut stock is a beautiful rifle.

  • @brianalbrecht4423
    @brianalbrecht4423 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the insite on the ammo Ron....STRANGE times...! I guess were lucky we can get GAS...food...& ammo...great job on the videos...regards Brian

  • @linkbond08
    @linkbond08 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    10:21
    I picked up a garbage rod $100 Savage model 100 (wood) in 270. 13 years ago it cleaned up nice and killed some deer!! I was 17 and It was my first high caliber hunting rifle.
    Then sold it for a all black Mossberg atr 30-06 for $300 almost 10 years ago and fell in love with the caliber, the action, and the ability to drop deer on the spot.
    Later on I found out about and bought a $450 synthetic and silver Mossberg Patriot with the drop out magazine, I'm 32 now and I don't see me selling that rifle, it'll probably go to my son with downloaded light weight ammo.
    I started hand loading a few years back and the 30-06 cartridge is easily the most fun I've ever had experimenting.

    • @TacticalTerry
      @TacticalTerry 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Have you bought any aftermarket parts for your ATR? I understand that Boyd's makes a stock for it that looks pretty nice.

    • @linkbond08
      @linkbond08 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@TacticalTerry I only bought a spiral bolt for the ATR, I like my rifles light, and black because I beat them in the woods.

    • @TacticalTerry
      @TacticalTerry 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@linkbond08 Makes sense. That spiral fluted bolt is a really nice addition to the rifle. I think those were on some of the later Patriot rifles right?
      Wishing they had a rifle completely in matte black or grey so that the chromed bolt wouldn't stick out/shine. Might 3D print a cover one day.

    • @linkbond08
      @linkbond08 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@TacticalTerry yes, I don't know if all the Patriot rifles have a fluted bolt, but mine did, I got the black stock, and stainless cerakote.
      Shiny bolts don't really bother me, but I can see why you wouldn't want it to reflect light.

  • @mrV69
    @mrV69 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love the 6.8 western

  • @scottsozmtns7534
    @scottsozmtns7534 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ron, I love the fact that you almost always never fail to mention the .260 Rem. I give the Hornady 6.5 Creedmoor it’s due just as well. Now, ask me if I like it? You’ll get a much different answer. Lol The question I’d like to ask you is this “I’ve wanted to have a moderately priced “semi-custom”, rifle built for my collection to use as a all around “deer”, cartridge meat & horns (as I use a .22 Hornet for meat & .260 -.30-06’ for horns), but I’ve always wanted 1 of 3 calibers. 1. 6.5x55mm Swede 2. 7x57 Mauser 3. 6.5-06’ w/the 1st & last being my strongest front runners. I love the “wildcat”, of the 6.5x06’, idea but I cannot walk away from the Swede’s long proven history. “Would you use and/or pay to have a custom rifle built from E.R. Shaw”? I think that Shaw used to make all of Walther’s barrels? I’d just really like your take on it. I also like what you’ve said about the “Mossberg Rifle’s”, as well. I’ve seen them & they are really beautiful & well made looking guns. I’ve not heard 1 bad word about them. Oh, btw as for my semi-custom rifle? I’d like to keep it under $2k & w/all the advancements in metallurgy, bullet construction, etc. (Oh and I agree with you on the 6.8 SPC by Remington. It will not live long & I’ve heard many stories already that it’s “mortally wounded”, no pun intended. I’m not impressed with the 6.8 SPC at All. If I’m not mistaken wasn’t it’s Remingtons submission for the Military “Intermediate/Short Range”, sniper? I too would go with the 6.8 Western. I’d also like to buy an “upper”, in the 6mm ARC for my AR-15. Great stuff as always Ron!!

  • @doghousedon1
    @doghousedon1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have moose visit me all the time, often having to walk around them to get into my rig. They aren't that big. It just takes the right bullet. Thanks for the vid.

  • @josearellano5778
    @josearellano5778 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey there Mr. Schumer I was thinking about buying A 6.5 Grendel AR.
    But I'm having 2nd thoughts on the caliber.
    I think it's gonna be a dead cartridge very soon‼️

  • @christopherlease
    @christopherlease 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Regarding the Mossberg Rifles! I purchased a .17HMR in the uk and when sighting in could not hit the target at 50yards. On inspection it seems the barrel did not have spiral rifling. The groves were straight down the barrel. May be just a one off but shows the quality control may be lacking!!

  • @kirkboswell2575
    @kirkboswell2575 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Beginner moose rifle? You covered things pretty well, Ron, but you didn't mention the 6.5x55 Swede. It's an excellent cartridge with low recoil and it's used regularly in the Scandinavian countries with the heavier bullets to hunt their moose. Same size animal, different antlers. Personally, I love the 358 Winchester.

    • @Oldhogleg
      @Oldhogleg 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Personally I prefer the short action 260 REM in a custom 1/7 barrel. But since most people don't have access to custom barrels, it's not an option for VLD bullets. That's were the 6.5 SWEDE comes in wich 1/7 twist barrels are standard.

    • @djl5634
      @djl5634 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I prefer 6.5grendel as my only ar15 is chambered for it. 16 in chrome lined saber defence upper with 1in 7.5 twist rate. Ammo has been harder to find. But I wouldn't change it for anything

    • @Oldhogleg
      @Oldhogleg 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@djl5634 It's a sweet round that uses the old Soviet M43 round as it's parent case. It's my favorite for carbine length actions such as AR's. But for hunting large north American game, I'd feel more comfortable with either a 260 REM or 6.5 SWEDE.

  • @MDROWDYRIDES
    @MDROWDYRIDES 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Hoarding no doubt!! I talked to a guy last week that bragged about buying 4 boxes of 6.5 PRC ammo and large rifle primers and he doesn’t even own a 6.5 PRC and doesn’t even reload.. WTH 🤦‍♂️

  • @billpeirce7127
    @billpeirce7127 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Colorado has had no 270, 270 wsm, 30-06, 7mm mag, 300mag, and 300wsm for over 2 years now. It sucks!!!!!
    And bass pro, Cabelas, and all the gin shops say they are not getting any main caliber bullet for hunting from the manufacturer in Colorado. 🤬🤬🤬🤬🤬👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎👎

  • @herbertsmith6416
    @herbertsmith6416 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    As always a great program

  • @brob-zy8zi
    @brob-zy8zi 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I found plenty of .270 ammo last weekend at Cabelas and even .243 on the shelf for the first time in over a year.

  • @jmoskaly1
    @jmoskaly1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ron, I'm working up my rounds for the 2022 deer season. Shooting a Weatherby, Vanguard 30-06 with a Howa barrel. Bullit is Sierra 150gn with Vargas powder @ 50.5 gn.
    My land is heavily wooded, and the only clear lanes to shoot are the power lines. Lots of trees for sure here in south-central MO. Am I on the right path for what I'm gaming?
    Much thanks for your thoughts.

    • @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast
      @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Spot on, Joseph. A 150-gr. in the 30-06 has been a deer hunting standard for more than 100 years. You'd get more penetration and energy on target with a 165- or 168-grain or any heavier bullet, but isn't needed. Less recoil when shooting 150s, too. Some might argue that a 180- or even 200-grain would "shoot through brush" better, but virtually no bullet can slice through brush effectively without being bumped off course. Good luck.

    • @jmoskaly1
      @jmoskaly1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Much thanks Mr. Spomer for your advice, I shall put it to use, for the fall. Sorry I failed to mention that I totally enjoy your programming and rest assured I will continue to be watching your shows and put your advice to use.
      @@RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast

  • @ericcraver4908
    @ericcraver4908 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I have a couple savage rifles, 243 youth, 30-06, and 220. Each one cost between $230-300. My buddy has one in 7-08 and another in 6.5. The 243, 7mm-08, and 6.5 all shoot sub moa. Great shooting with accu trigger. They are no where near as nice as my more expensive rifles, but do shoot very well. And my go to when it's raining or I'm going through the thick stuff. Much easier on the heart scratching a $250 setup than a $2k setup lol.

  • @tlloyd9325
    @tlloyd9325 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I’m finding ammo on the shelves with the most popular cartridges. I’m NOT finding any reloading components. It’s very frustrating to have worked up a load for common calibers and not being able to find bullets. In particular 243, 270, and 7mm. I couldn’t agree more on Mossberg and Savage rifles.

  • @rogerramjet7567
    @rogerramjet7567 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    All these new guns and calibers. Nice. Where’s the ammo for them. ??

  • @jesse5442
    @jesse5442 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Another great video! You and I see things very similar. Keep up the good work and thanks you for what you do.

  • @timhatchett7048
    @timhatchett7048 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a Remington 700 280 mountain rifle I have many other calibers but it’s my favorite ,it just works for me I’ll take it over a Kimber. I sold my Kimber rifle but I have many of their pistols . However North Carolina mainly white tail this is Tim hatchet what do you think about the 280

    • @RonSpomerOutdoors
      @RonSpomerOutdoors 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Tim, I think the 280 Remington is one of the best, least appreciated all purpose cartridges in the USA. The 7x64mm Brenneke in Europe is nearly identical. Both strike s nice balance between the flat speed of the 270 and the bigger whack of the 30-06. Shoot a sleek 140-grain .284 and you match the 130-gr. 270. Shoot a 175 grain and you're actually hitting harder then you would with a 180-gr. 30-06.

  • @penroddavis8098
    @penroddavis8098 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    There is a copper shortage. The Butte mines can't produce enough copper. The green energy stuff requires way more than normal production in the past. Copper is almost $5.00 per pound.

    • @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast
      @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I figured copper prices, along with everything else, were up. Thanks for the report, penrod.

    • @ravissary79
      @ravissary79 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Plus, the last lead smelting facility in America was shut down years ago. So we have to import lead too. And primers are controlled by only a few companies and they're mostly refusing to sell them since they make more putting it in loaded factory anmo.

    • @phild9813
      @phild9813 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      So, could you say $5 per pound = $5 per round? Lol

    • @penroddavis8098
      @penroddavis8098 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@phild9813 depends on your cartridge, lol.

  • @jk-kr8jt
    @jk-kr8jt 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Covey steals the show, even when he doesn't show his gorgeous face. 👍👍👍. Cheers Jeff

    • @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast
      @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      She'll be showing all her head and most of her chest in an upcoming video.

    • @jk-kr8jt
      @jk-kr8jt 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast outstanding 👍👍👍. You can tell a lot about a person by how they treat their dog.

  • @dbry5572
    @dbry5572 ปีที่แล้ว

    What would happen if you shot a short, light bullet with a way fast twist rate? Would it destabilize or would it be just fine?

  • @wilberfifer5563
    @wilberfifer5563 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    As always, Spot on Ron!

  • @reb1050
    @reb1050 ปีที่แล้ว

    When it comes to ammo shortage, I agree. Hoarding is a big factor when it comes to ammo shortage. I know there are quite a few out there that have a stockpile of 10,000 rounds or more. I have a problem finding ammo for myself. Mainly, it's due to me. When I buy a firearm, I test it with various brands and loads in order to determine the most accurate and dependable round for that particular firearm and that is all I buy. Regrettably, that limits me as to what I can find. It's like the 7.62x39. I have found that the Hornady SST performs better. But Hornady quit making the SSTs I was using and went with the Hornady Black SST with the brass case. It's as good, if not better then the previous SSTs, but more expensive and harder to find. I can find numerous 7.62x39 in other brands, but the majority of them are foreign made and do not perform as well in my rifle. So, do I sacrifice accuracy and dependability for availability? I don't think so.

  • @csjrogerson2377
    @csjrogerson2377 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Difference between 1:7.5 and 1:8 twist is tiny and both are producing very large stability coefficients of 2.0 and 1.8. There will be no problems stabilizing either . Neither are anywhere near marginal. Based on a .277 calibre bullet at 170 gr at 2650 fps in a 22" barrel.

  • @StevenMMan
    @StevenMMan 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well when you are correct you're absolutely correct. It is barring surface length that dictates the trick. This why I want with the 225 barnes x bullet in my 1n14 twist whelen Ackley improved.(talked about in a earlier in one of your videos) the 225 gr copper bullet runs near the same length as the 250 gr lead cores. Now when it comes to ammunition shortages I would argue that NOW IS NOT THE TIME for cartridge and bullet development. Especially sense most developed is nothing more than reinventing the wheel. It makes zero common sense to waist the resources on a fickle public, and financial gamble, when the isn't enough power primer and powder for the well established (and still very useful) cartridges.

  • @michaelvangundy226
    @michaelvangundy226 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Ron. Regarding twist rates. Each bullet has a rate that works. Why? It is the revolution per minute. RPM. A short pistol round needs more spin, twist rate, to get the bullet stable because it is going half as fast, velocity. A short, light bullet going 4500 will spin so fast that it throws itself apart. Unless you put a slower, longer rate on it you will never get ultra fast rounds.
    I wait for some reloading data to include each bullet's optimum RPM. Then we can easily calculate the velocity knowing twist rate.

    • @RonSpomerOutdoors
      @RonSpomerOutdoors 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Michael, I'm not sure you're explaining this properly. The longer the bullet, the faster it must be spun to stabilize. Length, not weight, is what matters. With a 12" twist barrel, the bullet will make one revolution in 12 inches of travel. By increasing its forward velocity, you increase it RPM, thus its stability. Very few bullets are actually so thinly jacketed that they spin apart, though it can/does happen, usually with "explosive" varmint bullets. But I've driven 40-gr. Speer hollow points 4,000 fps without spinning them apart or even compromising accuracy.

    • @michaelvangundy226
      @michaelvangundy226 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@RonSpomerOutdoors
      You said it. A bullet will come apart if you spin it too fast. Too many RPM. Every bullet has a maximum. What is it. In a solid put, does not apply.
      Every bullet has a minimum RPM to stabilize it way down range. Keyhole the target. 1200 fps or 2000 it doesn't matter. If it isn't spinning fast enough your pass will wobble like a lame duck.
      We know that some bullets migrate through the sound barrier at a slow pace becoming disturbed. What is the correct range of RPM to stabilize a specific bullet during transit.
      Knowing:
      BC, speed of sound, maximum muzzle velocity, maximum allowable RPM, optimum transonic RPM.
      Then we can calculate which bullet and load to use for long range.
      Trying to spin as fast as we can is putting extra wear, and abuse into the firearm. A 1:3 twist would definitely get a 3000 fps spinning. About 600,000 rpm. A 1:12 would be 150,000 rpm. More normal. But is it enough room for the down range performance.
      My point was today the programs exist to model flight. Somewhere a guy is sitting at a desk who could save us some wasted powder looking at keyholes at 12 moa rather than a sub minute group.
      Just tell me the maximum rpm, minimum to stabilize rpm, and the optimum transonic RPM.
      Thanks for listening Ron.

  • @brian5606
    @brian5606 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    What I've been seeing in videos and reading is that so many people buying ammo you've just got to be at the store when the ammo shows up to get your hands on it quickly or your sol till the next shipment gets there

  • @TACx3
    @TACx3 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I dropped this past years young bull moose with my 223 with 55 grain Barnes ttsx. Wouldn’t do again but was 100m shot opportunity.

  • @ericwiitala5407
    @ericwiitala5407 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Great video Ron. You hit a lot of topics we could debate till we're all referred to in the past tense. Always good to see the pup! 🙂👍

  • @popman10001
    @popman10001 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey Ron, would love to hear your opinion on the 450 bushmaster? I am hunting in Ontario Canada and it is in thick brush and a 150 yards shot would be considered a long shot where we are hunting. I am looking at the acr rifle but know they come in a few bolt actions to.

  • @johnnash5118
    @johnnash5118 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Like the chilling effect big government and law fare is having on the oil industry- First enemy of the left, the firearms/ammunition industry- Second enemy of the left, is also reacting to the effects of anti-gun laws against their consumers, and law suit against Remington.
    With the legal uncertainties, no firearms/ammunition corporate board feels secure with expanding their operations to “catch up” the market losses.

  • @spraynpray
    @spraynpray 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I haven't seen primers, powder, bullets or ammo for sale in two years. They say it's a shortage. I haven't seen primers since 2016.
    How is something not existing for 6 years a "shortage"?! It isn't my stores get not enough for everyone. They get none, ever.

  • @zechnarwilliams8019
    @zechnarwilliams8019 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Most pertinent information I heard here. It is not the weight of the bullet, it is the length that matters for stability vs twist rate. Thank you sir! You tell me something I can use every time I watch you. I should have known that, but things elude us simple humans some times.

    • @03bugeye
      @03bugeye 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hate to bust the bubble but weight and velocity have huge impacts on bullet twist.

    • @zechnarwilliams8019
      @zechnarwilliams8019 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@03bugeye No sir, I think you missed it. He was talking about copper bullets when he said that. A copper bullet would be longer for the same weight of a traditional bullet and could be longer for a lighter bullet than traditional lead core copper jacket. You may have to have more twist rate for a lighter, but longer copper bullet. That was the point that grabbed my attention. Peace and Grace.

  • @mr.skeptical3071
    @mr.skeptical3071 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I got my wife a 7mm/08 in a youth with a 20" barrel. I'm thinking a 139 gr. Hornady superformance or a 140 gr. Nosler trophy grade should do the trick on any deer or pig! It's a light gun but shouldn't be no more recoil than my full size .308. she has shot a .270 before and handled it well.

    • @drdes9609
      @drdes9609 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      7mm-08 I would say it’s probably the best for North America other than moose abs grizzly.

    • @fedup3582
      @fedup3582 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      A friends' twin 12 year old boys with matching 700 Remington youth rifles in 7mm-08 and shooting federal ammo with 140 gr partitions, had no problem each dropping a cow elk with one shot, as their first kills.

    • @djl5634
      @djl5634 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      6.5grendel is great for kids and women.

    • @jk-kr8jt
      @jk-kr8jt 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      7-08 is a darn good cartridge. I think that the 20" barrel makes for a handy rifle, but the barrel will not get all the juice out of the superformance. If the rifle shoots the well, that's great. Otherwise save a few dollars and shoot the standard velocity rounds. Slightly less recoil too.

    • @mr.skeptical3071
      @mr.skeptical3071 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@jk-kr8jt I agree with loosing a little fps, but we hunt woods in the south east, so most shots are going to be under 40yrds. But we have the option to go out west for pronghorns out to say 400 with that cartridge in the shorter barrel

  • @cool_breeze_actual9643
    @cool_breeze_actual9643 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I’ve been gettin ammo all day in Michigan and Pennsylvania. Albeit, 5.56mm/.223, 6.5 creedmoor, .308/7.62x51, 9mm, and 7mm Mag. Luckily that’s all I own and need to feed.

    • @ryanwilson5936
      @ryanwilson5936 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Yeah, it’s been coming around a lot better lately in my area of MI. Prices are still outrageous compared to pre-Covid but ammo shelves are starting to fill up again. Reloading components are completely different story though.

  • @felipemartinez3285
    @felipemartinez3285 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I own two Kimbers in the mountain ascent .280AI and 6.5 Creedmoor they are amazing

  • @andy347495
    @andy347495 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    The only reason there is not enough ammo is because people are panic buying(still 🤦🏻‍♂️). As soon as it's on the shelf everybody and their brother is in there buying it.
    Looking back at what ive seen on facebook groups and forums a lot of people have said there not gonna be caught again without enough ammo and/or reloading supplies.
    I would also guess the majority of the new gun owners don't shoot much. They had no desire to shoot as a hobby before or practice. But, now they want a gun to feel safe and it just sits in the closet providing that peace of mind.

  • @alexandergennaro8596
    @alexandergennaro8596 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    When a company sends sixteen double stack pallets to ucrain then your not gonna have any! Boy was that not hard to figure out!

  • @seanburns4632
    @seanburns4632 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    I just wish they would make more hunting ammo I don't use fmj

  • @frankgioia514
    @frankgioia514 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    lately, the last two weeks or so , i haven't had that problem , at least regarding 9mm and 380. not only that , the price has come down too. I RECENTLY moved to the charlotte NC area.

  • @travispollard9314
    @travispollard9314 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I think we are coming to the end of this shortage. Like every election year the supple dwindles, but the only thing I am still having problems getting is primers. And thats always the last thing to catch up.

    • @timbaker4423
      @timbaker4423 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yep. My son and I shoot league trap and he shoots on a high school team. Finding a box of 209 primers is like searching for the Holy Grail!😄

    • @rslover65
      @rslover65 ปีที่แล้ว

      I know, I've got everything I need except a solid supply of primers.

  • @fedup3582
    @fedup3582 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I owned a kimber 84L Montana in 30-06. I have also seen Montanas in 270 and 35 whelen. I also owned a kimber Montana in 338 federal. Kimber Montanas were not only short action.

  • @ct2368
    @ct2368 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm glad the amno is back on the shelves, for now.

  • @derekdeirfield8166
    @derekdeirfield8166 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What is your opinion on Berger bullets are they worth the hype

    • @redrock425
      @redrock425 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Very good accurate bullets. If hunting you're not shooting a lot of volume so cost isn't really a major factor.

  • @cervus-venator
    @cervus-venator 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Questions for Ron:
    Will the 6mm Remington ever make a comeback or will it fade away with time?
    Will the .444 Marlin ever be chambered again in the new lever action rifles or has the resurrection of the older 45-70 supplanted it?
    Could the 6.5 Carcano round ever make it as a viable hunting cartridge to be considered for and chambered in a modern rifle?

    • @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast
      @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Cervus, I'm afraid you've struck out with each of these. The 6mm Rem. will fade away. Not only is the 243 Win. already vastly more popular, but with the 6mm Creedmoor now a factory offering and already built with fast twist rifling to accommodate those popular high B.C. bullets, the poor old 6mm is history. But you can handload and still enjoy the heck out of it like I do! The 444 Marlin might hang around just because many like it and its title, but really, once the 45-70 made its resurrgence, 444 Marlin sales fell off and will continue. Seems once folks get into the big bore lever actions, they're as interested in the history and nostalgia as the ballistics, which are poor at best. If you're running a lever-action big bore you're probably anticipating 100-yard, maybe 150-yard shots in woods/brush, so why not go with the slightly heavier bullets of the 45? Finally, the Carcano was obscure at its best and is so outpaced by our many new 6.5s that it hasn't a prayer in new rifles. At least that's my call!

    • @cervus-venator
      @cervus-venator 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast 😢 I can and do reload for my 6mm Remington. Right now a 20 round box of factory loads is selling for 95-100. However, I am sad that the 6mm Rem is destine to fade away. I also have a .444 Marlin in an H&R Handi-Rifle. It's fun to shoot or tote around when walking in wild bore areas, but I'd rather get a nice lever action in 45-70. As for the 6.5 Carcano, I happened to get one from my step-father, bought some ammo, some en-bloc clips and went out and shot it. It was fun shooting it and it made me consider if the round would be worth exploring in a modern bolt gun. Oh well, I think I'll stick with exploring some of the newer rounds coming out every day as it seems. Thanks for the replies/info and I certainly enjoy the show.

  • @craigschaefer8764
    @craigschaefer8764 2 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    Regarding the ammo shortage, I think reloaders are last on their list of priorities.

    • @djl5634
      @djl5634 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Yep just got my first reloader. I shoot 6.5grendel. As my only ar15 cartridge And ammo has been harder to come by than my 7.62x39 30 06 and so on. Hopefully I can get enough brass.

    • @mopardoctor9966
      @mopardoctor9966 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      You buy components when you find them, not when you need them.

    • @theelwhastrummer7166
      @theelwhastrummer7166 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Isn't that the truth..? Primers are stupid expensive and even harder to get locally.

    • @robertmckinley4825
      @robertmckinley4825 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Stock up while you still can !!! Maintain a stock pile so when any shortage hits it will not effect you.

    • @ditchdigger93
      @ditchdigger93 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      If you could get two to three times the regular price of ammo, would you release primers to reloaders? Yea, they've thought of that too. I still believe a big part, not all, but a big part of this shortage is created by things other than hording. And when the idiots in charge are gun control freaks and can stop the importation of ammo and supplies that doesn't help either. The more you narrow the market the higher the demand and thus price of anything. The current inflation rate due to government overspending isn't helping either, not only on ammo but on food and fuel and everything else.

  • @RossoRacing248
    @RossoRacing248 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    30-06 is a good beginner cartridge. Versatile loading options, plenty of horsepower, can find most mainstream bolt guns chambered for it

    • @mr.skeptical3071
      @mr.skeptical3071 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Too much recoil for some

    • @djl5634
      @djl5634 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@mr.skeptical3071 not in a semi auto. Muzzle devices and recoil pads also help. My Remington 740 woodmaster is mild and light. But my favorite is 6.5grendel ar15.

    • @RossoRacing248
      @RossoRacing248 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      My model 700 has a recoil pad build in. Pre-64 30-30 has more felt recoil by a little bit

    • @jasonlopez4855
      @jasonlopez4855 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      My kids like my 30-06 thay go with
      Remington 125g manege recoil rounds
      With good results on 🦌🐗 hunting

  • @repetemyname842
    @repetemyname842 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    .223 is also what the natives used to use on polar bear, they would wait for a broadside shot and spine them. That takes some balls.

  • @aaronwilcox6417
    @aaronwilcox6417 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I'm set up for 270win, 30-06, and 308win for supplies for a good while. Even so, I'm glad I'm really set up for the good old 45-70 and cast my own for it. It's my way of giving the middle finger to the ammo companies and supply excuses.
    Who knows what the future holds, but I don't see things going back to the normal existence I experienced growing up in the 70's 80's and as an adult in the 90's thru the 2000's. Everything has changed and there's no going back so we are living in the "new" normal of today. Hold on for on for the ride.

  • @paullesho9294
    @paullesho9294 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love my 6.8 SPC for deer and pig inside of 200 yd TEXAS

  • @joshh5853
    @joshh5853 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Enjoying the content so far, curious if these are no longer being uploaded to Spotify?

  • @reelfishing002
    @reelfishing002 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Right now if there’s any ammo shortage is because most are being sent over sea and to the military , I’m in the industry and we are producing ammo 24/7 and even we have very limited supplies for employees .. and yet are producing ammo none stop around the clock
    FYI: Also prices are on the rise , so better start grabbing what you can now
    I have a mossberg 243 and love it , trigger is very light and pretty accurate

    • @zacharyfrench9935
      @zacharyfrench9935 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      So their sending 270 and 30-06 overseas for military use I think most militarys use 5.56 or 7.62 by 39 or the Russian equivalent of 5.56 maybe .308

    • @zacharyfrench9935
      @zacharyfrench9935 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Not saying I don't believe your working hard but something going on

    • @reelfishing002
      @reelfishing002 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@zacharyfrench9935 they (ammo company ) say they’re send over sea ammo to Ukraine , they didn’t say exactly which type of ammo , but we are producing a lot of different ammo , especially military rounds I’ve put in over 130 hours already, the pay is pretty good 😁. It’s just weird that we don’t see much of these ammo. So it’s got to be going to government / over sea .

  • @tylarhaugan7908
    @tylarhaugan7908 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Building a tikka 20 inch 7mm08 for my nephew

  • @sebastianmoller6583
    @sebastianmoller6583 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    .308win with a 180gr. Norma Oryx bullet or Lapua Mega 180gr. will do a fantastic job on moose as well. Two very popular rounds here in Sweden. At least up to 250-300yards.

  • @forgottenman749
    @forgottenman749 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Ron, When do you think other manufacturers besides Winchester and Browning will start producing the 6.8 Western?

    • @michaelholder6905
      @michaelholder6905 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      This is the answer I’m looking for. Can’t find any browning 6.8 at a decent price.

    • @traviskuntz7503
      @traviskuntz7503 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Michael Holder I found my 6.8 Hell's Canyon LR last August at cabelas and bought it on the spot. Haven't seen another 6.8W since unless I look on GunBroker, but they're 50-65% over MSRP

    • @kfinlay70rr
      @kfinlay70rr 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Definitely look at the browning line for sure for this caliber, I picked up an Xbolt western hunter long range last December right at $1000 out the door. if your looking at the 6.8western I wouldnt reccomend the Winchester XPR. not sure if it's the short barrel or the slower twist rate, but they just dont shoot as accurate as the browning does. I'm shooting the Sierra 175g under half MOA.

    • @michaelholder6905
      @michaelholder6905 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Sorry correction.
      I have a browning max long range in 6.8 western and it shoots great. My problem is ammo. It likes the browning ammo which I can’t find anywhere other then overpriced gunbroker. I have a couple of boxes. But would like some more so I can actually use the gun.

    • @kfinlay70rr
      @kfinlay70rr 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@michaelholder6905 ok gotcha, thought you were looking for the rifle itself. that browning line is what mine likes also. I was lucky enough to find a few boxes when I first got it but havnt been able to find any recently.

  • @markhaywood7307
    @markhaywood7307 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Say Ruger M77 out loud.
    Or modern Controlled round feed Mauser if your shy.

  • @jamesranger6283
    @jamesranger6283 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    30 caliber 180-160 grain. Start with that for Moose. 308 easy to find allot of rifles chambered in that round you will have choice from inexpensive high quality used to new cheap and high-end custom rifles for everyone.

  • @koltonblackmon1722
    @koltonblackmon1722 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Have you shot any other caliber Hammer bullets besides the 25 caliber Hammer bullets? If so, what calibers?

  • @flyonbyya
    @flyonbyya 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    That 277 @ 80,000 PSI sounds like it must have been a real engineering challenge

    • @ravissary79
      @ravissary79 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yeah not only did they have to develop a hybrid case for it, but they had to beef up the action and their semi auto needed the entire action buffered.

  • @chuckminick9511
    @chuckminick9511 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    After watching the TH-cam channel Backfires review on the Mossberg Patriot I myself wouldn't consider investing in one .

  • @johnsanders7337
    @johnsanders7337 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Small caliber high velocity V's
    Large caliber medium velocity
    For deer?
    Ex 22 250. Vs. 338 federal

  • @hakimthumb
    @hakimthumb 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    PSA is also producing ammo. Lots of 9mm, but the want to take on the demand domestically for Russian steel cased ammo. I dont mind the crunch on ammo if more people support the 2A

  • @masonmcneill3969
    @masonmcneill3969 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I work at a range I’m telling you there is no ammo shortage… you would not believe the amount of brass I have to sweep up every night, dead serious I’ve picked up 10k pieces of brass after one day

    • @CFurnace-72
      @CFurnace-72 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Start selling it! Help some reloaders!

    • @masonmcneill3969
      @masonmcneill3969 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@CFurnace-72 I do help this one guy reload, I am the guy 😂 but the rest gets sold back to ammo manufacturers to be recycled, and 90% of it is 9mm, 45 ACP, 556 and 308, nothing special most of the time

  • @missey3164
    @missey3164 ปีที่แล้ว

    Still no ammo unless it has to do with the new cartridges. Tons of that but no older calibers available

  • @jeffboutilier5075
    @jeffboutilier5075 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I didn't know there is an ammo shortage, I mean it only took me 2 years to find a box of 30-30 ammo. Lol

  • @kennybates399
    @kennybates399 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Could you do a video on hammer bullets?

    • @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast
      @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      They are featured in my 25-06 Rem. Dakota M10 zeroing videos. Also have a podcast interview coming soon with Hammer Bullets.

  • @donaldrussell4218
    @donaldrussell4218 ปีที่แล้ว

    I used a 30-06 when I was eleven years old.

  • @davidteague5461
    @davidteague5461 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Some good info

  • @Perry2186
    @Perry2186 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Here's a big problem the mossberg is not available in left handed and the savage is never on a shelf in the left hand and costs 20percent more

  • @MrSuperpoondog
    @MrSuperpoondog 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    What's better out of the 7/08 & 284win? Or What's the difference? I only found out about the 284 in your video where you compared it to the 308 & 6.5cm.

    • @mr.skeptical3071
      @mr.skeptical3071 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Not much

    • @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast
      @RonSpomerOutdoors-Podcast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      The 284 Win. case holds about 8 more grains, so pushed to full capabilities, it should deliver 50 to 100 fps more MV than 7mm-08. But in factory ammo, 7-08 is clear winner.

    • @pjnelson8971
      @pjnelson8971 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      The 284 was designed to give 280 Remington performance in a short action cartridge. 284 was never very popular and is dying, so factory ammunition is hard to find. It is best suited for handloaders who reuse their brass.
      The 7-08 is based on the 308 cartridge, so it has a little less performance. It is growing in popularity, so factory ammunition is easier to get.

  • @pseudopetrus
    @pseudopetrus 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I shot some Federal 308 copper rounds, they behaved very well!

  • @redrock425
    @redrock425 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I've seen Federal primers here at £125/1000. Crazy prices. Luckily I have enough to hopefully last until the prices drop. If not I'll just shoot less.

  • @trevorbacelli
    @trevorbacelli 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Come on Ron what about the .308 ,I know you love to hate , the bullets are easy to get & cheap , and they can drop any Moose Water Buffalo Mate, Regards & Best wishes Trevor.W.Bacelli. Biloela Qld Australia.

    • @redrock425
      @redrock425 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Good calibre at any sensible hunting distances. Really like mine but just target shoot. Shot placement and bullet type seem far more important than calibre.

  • @2punish1
    @2punish1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Ron Spomer,
    Here's my question. Why the .338 Federal is not produced by other ammunition companies like Winchester and Remington?

  • @brettb4452
    @brettb4452 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It's only about to get worse again. Sorry to be the bearer of bad news but it's true. Ammo prices aren't ever coming back down and will be scarce once again in another couple of months.

  • @sandych33ks1
    @sandych33ks1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Well ammo is still not available as it once was. Not to mention if you do find it , the price is double.
    So we still have an ammo shortage in the USA. If world events deteriorate the ammo shortage will continue and get worse.

  • @PC-uh6hk
    @PC-uh6hk ปีที่แล้ว

    You have to consider when COVID-19 put ammo manufacturers out of work for months as supplies were bought out at a higher than normal rate by hoarders and panic buyers. Every aspect of ammo production was hobbled by COVID-19, bullets, brass cases, primers and gunpowder production were all halted as workers were forced to stay home and wait out the pandemic.

  • @iBleedStarsAndBars
    @iBleedStarsAndBars 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Love the podcast

  • @stevefisher2121
    @stevefisher2121 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Reloading components are super hard to get - especially primers and the popular powders. I’ve never seen anything like it!!!! Then when you do find it online, you have to pay the hazmat fee which can range anywhere from $15-30 dollars on top of the product price!!!!! Highway robbery!!!!

  • @everythingloud4068
    @everythingloud4068 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    My browning xbolt in 6.8 western shoots those 175 grain bullets the most accurate

  • @cliffordstokes595
    @cliffordstokes595 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    in canada no 303 ammo ive been looking for in since 2021

  • @lonewolf286
    @lonewolf286 ปีที่แล้ว

    I like your hat