Whitening the Taj Mahal - Periodic Table of Videos
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 เม.ย. 2016
- Pollution is yellowing the Taj Mahal - but scientists are treating it with something called Fuller's Earth.
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Featuring Professor Sir Martyn Poliakoff from the University of Nottingham.
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Fun fact: Fuller's earth is used extensively in hollywood to simulate dust. Almost any time you see a dusty room or a character blows on an object and a big cloud of dust flies off it's actually fuller's earth.
+Ryan Rognas You can say they're...... "FOOLERS"......... kthxbai
+Alexander Tam Boooooooo...
ahahahaha XD
?
Because of health concerns, Fullers Earth is no longer permissible to be used around the crews and actors.
Most of the carbon is not from vehicles but from the mathura oil refinery located within 50 kilometers of the tajmahal. The refinery gives out carbon in the atmosphere in way more amounts than vehicles and the wind carries the particles towards agra where it settles down on the marble, making it black.
So the professor uses Fuller's Earth to clean his hair?
+ILYES *hair
ILYES
Hello (sorry for bad english)
Actually, you wouldn’t need to. If you can stand to go for about six weeks without washing your hair, natural bacteria will return to it which will keep it clean for you. These bacteria are killed by soap and shampoo.
@@lawrencedoliveiro9104 The issue there isn't the hair, per say. It's the scalp. The scalp produces a lot of oils which over time get trapped and cause skin irritation. As such, most folk with longer hair need to wash it, not really to wash the hair itself, but to wash the scalp.
I would have loved to see the marble stone of the Prof. being cleaned with the Fuller's Earth on video
Being an independent tile setter for 18 years, I found this to be quite interesting! I always enjoy your videos, thanks for uploading them :)
Sheep Hair Simulator coming soon!! lel :D
He looks like a dandelion.
+id104335409 don't sneeze!
so he shows the soot on the limestone but doesn't show the removal process?
+Ken Oakleaf It's simple really. He gives it to Neil to clean.
Thanks prof, always learning new things from you!
But... you didn't do the experiment?!
+Phyde4ux Yes, he scorched the limestone.
+iLuZiioNz Tutorials There was the implication that he was going to remove the scorch.
+iLuZiioNz Tutorials I only consider the scorching as half the experiment. The other half (the important bit), would be how to get rid of the carbon.
hello professor it's nice to see you again
Hey, I'm a high school student in Cheyenne, Wyoming, and I first saw you guys because my awesome chem teacher and now AP chem teacher this year showed us some of your videos. The newest thing for high school students (where i am at least) is to "vape." "Vaping" is when one puts cotton between coils, puts juice on the cotton and coils, closes the lid to the Tank or RBA, screws it onto a "mod" which is the source of power, and presses a button that sends a current through the coils that super heat the soaked cotton producing a vapor which is then inhaled. No one knows any long term effects of "vaping," but we do know the composition of the juice. The juice contains Propylene Glycol, Vegetable Glycerin, Nicotine (usually), and flavorings. The Propylene Glycol and Vegetable Glycerin are the main ingredients and are sold in different ratios. I was wondering if you guys could do a video on Propylene Glycol and Vegetable Glycerin with maybe a discussion of the compounds interacting with body chemistry .
Interesting!
this video was uploaded 1 minute ago how did you comment an hour ago??
+Aaron K. James If he can, then why not?
+Aaron K. James perhaps was private and he was sent a link to have a look before it was set live
+Aaron K. James Maybe they took the video off for 1h between
+Aaron K. James Patreon supporters sometimes get a sneak peek! ;)
a real pleasure to watch your videos Martyn, excellent representation with a candle of this occurence with the Taj Mahal.
do you think that any dust from outer space could have an influence on the dirtiness?
Very interesting explanation!
the important feature of clay minerals that was missed here is that they form thin plates so the particles have an even higher surface area than if they were spheres or other crystal structures. The plateyness is key to the absorption properties of clay minerals.
I keep fuller's earth in a small old camera negative reel tub.
I use it with a small amount of fairy liquid and water to apply to fly line leader,
helps cut the surface film of the water to leave only my dry fly above surface.
Thanks for the info Professor.
Dr. Poliakoff said he was going to do an experiment. But it would seem that it was just getting some dirt onto the limestone - what a disappointment! The much more interesting experiment would be to try and get the dirt off again. In fact I was expecting to see just that. Is Fuller's earth too hard to get or is it too expensive?
+Lau Bjerno In india fuller's earth is very common,cheap and is an ancient face pack (search multani mitti). The family who built taj mahal had used fuller's earth to clean them.
+Lau Bjerno I was also expecting him to clean the soot off. I still think it was an interesting video but I'm also a bit disappointed.
+Lau Bjerno I spent US $7 for a 50-pound sack last time I bought some.
very interesting I really enjoyed it.. thank you..
Thank you sir for explaining this...
You should look at the chemistry of the ceiling of grand central station in New York, it was black from cigarette smoke before cleaning recently it’s quite interesting.
I liked the video, but I wanted you to try some fullers earth on your sooty marble ;-(.
Thank you very much. I need to clean some stains off a marble grave stone. No one yet has suggested Fullers Earth but it is certainly worth giving it a go.
Robert Fletcher Did it work?
If i may suggest a topic for the professor to talk about: car cleaning chemistry, so called 'bleeding wheels' effect would probably be the most interesting, but also something about waxes, chemicals for removing tar and bug, etc.
305 soap used at the Blue Beacon Truck Wash removes soot very effectively.
You do lots of explosions and highly exothermic reactions. Have you thought of trying an Endothermic reaction? If I remember correctly, Ammonium Nitrate in water is one, as a suggestion. Great videos!! I found these last week and can't get enough.
Interesting stuff, I've also recently learned about traditional mortar techniques in India where they use lentils, amongst other things, instead of cement. It would be interesting to find out what the chemistry is behind this.
Interesting! The Oslo Opera House has had the same problem since it was finished, as it is also covered in marble. I don't know if they've used fuller's earth to treat it though!
Bradey, do you intend on visiting Surrey NanoSystems to do a video on Vantablack possibly?
hi professor! passing by just to say I'm metting you today at Guimarães, Portugal :)
What about a slurry consisting of photochemically active TiO2 nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide? Spray it onto the marble surface. I reckon it would work wonders considering that India experiences high solar UV intensity. As far as I am aware, calcium carbonate is unreactive towards H2O2. If you can incorporporate some photochemically active TiO2 nanoparticles onto the surface layer of the marble, it could help slow down carbon particulate build up over time, so that less manual cleaning is required.
Interesting Video, Thanks.
I wish you had commented on that last headline that came up, about worries over the fuller earth turning the stone grey now because it's been applied too many times. I'm assuming that's simply because particles of fuller earth are adhering to the marble. I wonder if the same chemists could go back and confirm that. Maybe it just needs to be sprayed down after the mud pack?
Is there some kind of coating that could be applied to the marble after cleaning it to protect it and make it easier to clean in the future?
We use Fullers Earth in the high voltage industry for filtering carbon and water out of insulating oil.
Would have loved to see before and after shots, or did we.
Hi I have been watching with passion your videos and I have noticed that you have made some videos about radioactive elements with nuclear physicists therefore I would like to know if you could make a video about the Chernobyl accident, with the opinion of the physicist discussing about the myths or facts of the incident. thank you for your time and attention greetings from Mexico! and congratulation for your youtube channel is awesome!
this video was really interesting, but it got even MORE interesting when about half-way through, I got all excited that this video could also help me clean my while marble mantel which has carbon residue from the fireplace...but I'm pretty sure I can't buy fuller's earth at home depot....does the prof have any remedy using more readily available material??
I saw the dust and it made me sneeze lol
lol 😸
chin
chin
+Cancerous Cyber ore wa
I sneezed cause every one is sneezing
7:15 Mud-pack treatment for the complexion of the most beautiful building in the world!
you should explain superhydrophobicity based on candle soot deposited on glass. Easy way to make highly repellant surfaces for fun
they could probably just spray the marble with some sort of impregnating lotus-effect-ish coating which of course should be rather matte, or the marble will look lacquered, and then every year or so just spray it down with a water jet
Isn't fuller's earth also found in any Oil soaking products , wich are usually used in mechanic's workshops and factories with Hydraulic presses. Basically anywhere industrial production is involveing oil.
The Sistine chapel was considered to be quite dark and moody. But recent restoration and cleaning removed several hundred years of candle smoke and carbon, as well as the yellowing overcoat. It turns out it it is very bright and colorful. The solution used to strip the grime was compounded by, you guessed it, a chemist!
Bit late, yet I wanted to add some input anyway.
While I can't say anything about the explained method using Fuller's Earth, I do know that at least parts of the cleanups were done by applying a specifically engineered natural latex dispersion ("Arte Mundit") to the marble wich would then dry into a thin, rubbery film, adsorbing any dirt particles in the process while being able to just be peeled away without leaving any residue on the marble. I guess it's the same principle as the Fuller's Earth method, just less... rudimentary.
Bonus Fact: the same product was also used in to clean parts of the Houses of Parliament in London in 2014 with part of the peeled off latex "skin" being exhibited as a piece of art, representing the Buildings history, as part of the "Ethics of Dust" Project.
Will there be a follow up video where the limestone gets cleaned with Fuller's earth?
No
The surface-area-difference principle is fascinating. So, it's a statistical effect, then (much like osmosis)?
I wonder whether they use the same process to clean the great marble structures in Rome and Athens. I've seen the Colosseum being cleaned. Actually, a couple years ago, it was being clean by a private individual rather than the state for the first time.
Wow I never noticed that marble got dirty. I always imagine the Taj Mahal or the Pantheon to be sparkly white, but the Pantheon is actually really dirty.
The pantheon is also done in concrete
+Arash Arfazadeh and granite. So it never was white.
It's cool that countries are willing to make necessary restrictions to protect their landmarks.
+Ryan Amberger as long as there's profit for them
+ska It's not about the profit. It's our national heritage and we're proud of it.
+Naman Khokhar That may be true, but you can't deny it will also generate profit.
+HAJIMEDJ Of course it's a tourist trap. Foreigners get charged like 750 rupees to get into the Taj Mahal, but Indians get charged like 20 rupees. I went to it in December. almost every picture I took wad slightly hazy cause of the pollution.
Very interesting. So we know acid is bad for the marble, but what about basic substances like soaps? Is that also damaging?
Will there always need to be some period every so often when the Taj Mahal is half-covered in earth to cleanse it? I can't imagine if there could be any kind of coating that could stop carbon particles building up over time, though perhaps a coating that would make it easier to clean the carbon off.
You're great 👏
I never thought your hair and sheeps' wool were similar hahaha! You're silly! xD
Awesome video!
I hope Brady had a pleasent stay here in India. :)
He left some time ago.
Recently I was reading about how people in antiquity washed clothes with a mixture of alkaline clay and urine; is this basically the same thing? How does the urine change the process? It would be interesting to see a video about that...
I wonder if you could use a Terrestrial Lidar to scan the Taj Mahal, then use the wavelength intensity to map out the different kinds of dirt
So why not clean the limestone to show how it works ?
+tabularasa0606 I waited 9:33 for that to happen too. Such a boring video Brady.
+tabularasa0606 I would also like to see the professor play with mud.
+tabularasa0606 when the video was reaching its end and I saw the limestone still had that black stain, I was like "are you seriously kidding me?" and now I am angry and sad and don't know what to do with my life anymore
I agree, when the prof said he was doing an experiment I thought he would use the mud to remove the soot left by the candle. :-(
Fiddling Beelzebot
I'm still hoping it's a cliffhanger.
Is it possible to clean polished marble with fuller's earth? Wondering, because my marble flooring is yellowing, and I'd rather it be a bit whiter :).
5:00 Agra Dovelopment Authority
AND you're still in India(Brady)?? Planning to do a fan meetup??
Could they perhaps apply titanium(IV)oxide to the walls after cleaning to prevent them from having to clean it so often?
Another great video! One other use for Fuller's earth is not scientific at all... Apparently, in movies, if they have an object that's supposed to have dust on it, they put Fuller's earth on it. It shows up on camera better than real dust, and if a character blows on the object to clean it, it moves in very much the same way.
Published on my birthday!
Aluminium hydroxide is amphoteric so usually it can react with the marble
Well now I guess we know what Professor Poliakoff uses as shampoo ;)
So it’s the smog/soot that makes the Taj Mahal dirty?
They probably do not wish to not make any alterations to the Taj Mahal (obviously), however, after a thorough cleaning and maybe even a more intrusive "bleaching", they could "laminate" each tile marble, with a thin, transparent material that has a surface which would not as easily catch discolouring particles. Further cleaning would be spaced much farther apart and would just require a bucket of water- But hey! By now, this method of cleaning the Taj Mahal, has probably become almost a tradition and showing respect to their impressive landmark, while also being a stable source of extra income for the cleaners, probably. ;)
It IS quite a remarkable story about the Taj Mahal and how Fuller's Earth even to this day, can be put to good use.
+Daniel Renard Sealing (there are several) and water repellents have been discussed for the protection of monuments as a lot are made with porous material as lime stone, marble and other. The problems are; all the sealants will yellow over time because UV and are only removed by aggressive mechanical means. And nobody knows how the stone will behave with a sealer on a very long period. Fuller earth is a remarkable product with plenty of uses. A variety called Ghassoul is used for cosmetic care.
Pablo Ricardo de Tarragon
How about an extreme thin layer of something like graphene, if 3D printing ever gets to such an advanced state that it can just run over each tile and coat them with it, filling out any deeper crack on a molecular level, prone to pick up and gather filth over time, but at the same time, without making the tiles "vector-perfect" smooth. Like encasing the entire Taj Mahal in carbon, like a big "diamond". ;)
One could argue that it would be a bit intrusive to the original structure, but impressive to think about. Also, I don't know how it would effect the Taj Mahal either, since I don't know enough about its properties and if the process itself may cause discolouration, depending on its absorption of light.
Daniel Renard
It's so problematic (there several contradictory requisites to fill with extensive experimentation needed to validate the solution) and so expensive that it would be cheaper and easier to rebuild the entire Taj Mahal...^^
Pablo Ricardo de Tarragon
Aye! Hence the reason why I say, if 3D printing ever gets to such an advanced state. Right now, it's an issue of technology. As for the _material,_ I... don't think we'll be running low on carbon, any time soon. lol :P
Daniel Renard It's not a problem of 3D printing or carbon price. Raw carbon is cheap, but prepared and aligned carbon is very expensive, look a the prices of carbon fiber for example.
It's a problem of requisites to satisfy. There are a few;
- adherence of the film. Not peeling whatever the dilatation and contraction of the support, humidity rate etc...
- UV resistance and stability. Carbon is not the best for that.
- Resistance to abrasion and chemicals. Carbon is very poor on that.
- Waterproofing (or better water repulsion) and perspiration of the stone (extremely tricky to solve).
- Color. All very thin transparent coats diffract light and creates iridescence. (like the soap bubbles, or a very thin coat of oil over water). The Taj would not be longer white...
And many other problems.
Impressive office experiment
Beautiful ❤️
Indian science? Raman and Ramachandran are the two Indian scientists that I've heard the most about. Respectively, for scattering of light and for amino acid conformation. Fictional ones...well, there's Chandra and Mohinder Suresh, both heavily involved in human genetics. I'd love to hear more about scientists from outside of Europe and North America.
+Mr Schrödinger - I am the one who reviews. what about S.N Bose? bosons are named after him
Chandrasekhar and Raman. Two of the best physicist of last century.
I love his hair!
Do mud packs on skin work in a similar way to remove oil and dirt?
+Zothaqqua search multani mitti (Hindi for fuller's earth).. ancient Indian facepack.. Its works like charm, saying from personal experience.
Oh that beautiful Casio Waveceptor!
+SilentS You serious? I have one, too, and I love it - but beautiful? I wouldn't call it that.
+SolarWebsite Beauty is more than just skin deep.
Fuller's Earth is known as multani mitti in India as it is sourced from Multan, Pakistan. And it is also used in various beauty products.
What is a 'laurrie'?
also I'm a huge fan!
you guys have inspired me to go in for a chemistry major.
keep up the entertaining, educational videos!
I hope to meet you guys some day. it would be an honor.
It is what the Brits call a semi truck
+Angie Kalas-Caldwell
"lorry"
+Angie Kalas-Caldwell The word was "lorry".
It's just an alternative British word for a truck, basically.
Thanks!
Awesome!
I liked the 12 days of Christmas videos
pebble dash and crazy cladding, simples
Could you use a high powered laser to clean the stone?
I was disappointed he didn't clean the marble. But hey I learned something new today!
I like the professers new glases
Use a clear coat of paint that mud only get it clean and flakes off at least the clear coat of paint would protect it after its clean
Having been there 2 years ago, I can say the brick making between Delhi and Agra would be the biggest problem!
make a video about DU (Depleted Uranium)
Have you guys ever worked with fluoroantimonic acid?
Indian women also apply Fullers Earth, or 'Multani Mitti' as it's known here, on their face as it reduces acne and has other benefits for skin.
what about acid rain, doesn't it damage the taj?
I'm not overly familiar with soft stone but hydrogen peroxide does really well to remove impurities . Just my thought.
Leaves me wondering if it could be flouridated to strengthen and protect the marble...
May I ask? Why is there a white line going across your glasses?
+Prismaflex They're bifocals I imagine. Each side of the line has a different contour for different situations.
This begs teh question of how they get the clay off and why that works. My guess is that the clay has a higher adhesaion for itself than it does the marble and it peels off. Either that, or it retains a rhigher affinity for soot even when wet and they wash it off with liberal amounts of water.
+michalchik
He explained in the video; you apply it as a paste, it's not the clay itself sticking, it's the mixture of water and clay. Then you leave it for a few days, to dry off and also attract the carbon. Once it's dried, the clay is barely adhering, because the water's mostly gone, and you can literally just brush it off.
So, theoretically, if they left the Taj alone and let it get dirty, how long would it take to become completely black as if you passed a flame over it? Considering our fossil fuel usage and carbon emissions and everything.
Mmm
What about the terth whitening techniques?
1:55 Brady pointing at things
The next thing they look to need doing is creating a green ring around the Taj Mahal, nothing green to filter the air cannot be helpful in keeping pollution from it (same goes for other world monument sites afflicted by human exhaust). Interesting approach to cleaning, but is there no way to treat the marble to make it have a surface that would by nature reject hydrocarbons? I know, probably something to freeze the heart of a conservationist but asking all the same :)
This dude is f in brilliant..
...i wonder when the staining really started to pick up?
Why could no there be a sealant treatment to apply to the marblar, to imperviate it from carbone and acid fog or rain? Something similiar to wood or concrete sealer? Surely chemistry can comb up with something to do this.
+Mekratrig Uh, you do realize that this sealant your proposing would still be just as easily covered by the carbon residue, right?
Yess, but idea is of a sealer that protects marble from furthar damage AND make subsequet cleanings easiar, just hose the marbel down instaed having to do the mudpacks method.
nice vid
could u use this concept to bring back the bright white of the pyramids