Greatest Philosophers In History | Jean Paul Sartre
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 พ.ค. 2024
- Jean Paul Sartre is one of the key figures in the philosophy of Existentialism, which emphasises the existence of the individual or human subject who faces existential angst in an apparently absurd world.
This video explores his main ideas including: Nausea, the Absurdity of the World, Existence precedes Essence, Freedom, Bad Faith, The Look and Hell is Other People, among others.
Sartre had a great influence on many areas of modern thought. A writer of prodigious brilliance and originality. He worked in many different genres: as a philosopher, a novelist, and a cultural critic. Sartre is credited for revivifying and popularising Existentialism to the world after it had remained quite stagnant since the death of Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard.
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📚 Recommended Reading (High Quality and Best Translations)
▶ Nausea (1938)
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▶ The Wall (1939) and Other Stories
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▶ Being and Nothingness (1943)
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▶ No Exit (1944) and Three Other Plays
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▶ Existentialism is a Humanism (1946)
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⌛ Timestamps
0:00 Introduction
3:50 Nausea
5:08 The Absurdity of the World
5:57 Existence precedes Essence
8:31 Freedom and Responsibility
11:35 Bad Faith
13:08 Being and Nothingness
14:42 The Being For-itself and The Being In-itself
16:27 The Being For-Others
16:53 The Look
18:31 Hell is Other People
19:19 Why You Should Read Sartre
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8. The Dread - Kevin MacLeod
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#sartre #existentialism #jeanpaulsartre
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Your video helped be understand more clearly what was offered me in college 💝thank you 🌻
Your videos are wow, mind blowing..., thank you 👍
“Nothing looked real. I felt surrounded by cardboard scenery which could suddenly be removed. The world was waiting, holding its breath, making itself small - it was waiting for its attack, its Nausea”. - That´s deep.
That’s what I felt the world is like for a long time
that's bullshit
He lifted the veil of the matrix
The nothing of Buddhism
This is definitely one of the most accurate accounts of Sartre's philosophy I've ever come across TH-cam. Well done
Freedom is what you do with what's been done to you.
- Sartre
so where is the freedom
Just recently read Nausea. Happy to see Sartre's philosophy being covered here! It's very well done.
And by "philosophy" you mean abject NESCIENCE. :p
Merry Christmas!
Underrated channel, you explained sartre x kierkegaard better than my teacher did!
Thanks Daniel!! Appreciate the kind words.
Just wait , this quility content is timeless. People will keep watching these, and people will be in search of them as well. We got here, others will too. Slowly but steady
That's, because you don't learn anyway.
@@dickrichard626 what does that mean.
@@iforget6940 Ppl always say:" I learned more from this video then my teacher." Implying that somehow watching a video once with out actually internalizing the actual information being presented is better then going to school to learn or that the teacher is suppose to present information for the class in some kind of documentary style format... Sure you can learn from videos especially if you watch alot and look into the more in-depth and nerdy channels, but actual learning requires some form of actual work and tedium inorder to progress realistically. I don't see the point of the comparison.
8:45 Man is condemned to be free. I came across these lines few days back.
This is liberating as well as harrowing.
PS: I love the introduction part where faces of great ones is juxtaposed beautifully and the bgm accentuates the feel.
Definitely, an interesting take on freedom! Thanks so much for your kind words and your support!!
@@Eternalised What is the list of faces of great ones at the beginning of the video
@@KaustubhGhanekar Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Confucius, Epicurus, Kant, Locke, Rousseau, Hume, Kierkegaard, Descartes, Camus, Foucault, Bertrand Russell, Machiavelli, Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, Sartre. :)
@@Eternalised thanks a lot
Ah Yes, my daily dose of existentialism, now coming through Eternalised’s Satre. Great vid mate xD
Thanks so much for watching! :D
Very well done, sir! I think probably one of the best Sartre summaries I've ever watched. Your key points and build-up, your pics, narration and music, excellent work. New subscriber! Thank you🙂
Wow thank you so much John! Really appreciate your kind words. This is motivation is what keeps me going!
The concept of being looked by others was Spot on relatable.
This was brilliant - thank you so much. 100% appreciated.
Thank you for this introduction. I really appreciate your videos.
I didn't start reading seriously until my junior year in college. This meant that I have heard a lot of words in the past but I didn't really see those words written down on paper before. A lot of the words in more challenging books were very unusual for me. But, I would sound them all out and try to fit them into a sentence, like ones I would have previously heard. Awesome video man, I passed it at the 5:29 mark to write this comment, going to continue on with the video now!
That's interesting!! There are times where we do experience that unusual absurd feeling of reading or just looking at something stripping it off all human meaning and observing at it nakedly, which seems bizarre. I appreciate your comment Sean and you watching the video, it means a lot!!
This channel deserves way more views. Keep up the great videos.
I'm glad I stumbled upon this channel!
Amazing work like all your other videos! Keep uploading!!
Awesome documentary.
Keep it up.🔥🔥
Great video, nicely done!
You're really under rated and deserve more of a following.
I've never resonated with a philosopher this much until now. Thank you for this.
fascinating philosophy!! I really like Sartre.
U like pedophiles? Sickkk
Superb documentary and summary of Sartre's thought, thank you !
Thank you Michael! Glad you enjoyed it!
yes a great episode! thanks!
It's incredible how the concept of Bad Faith is something that probably millions of people do or have done in their lives, especially in the western world.
Finally I understood some of Sartre! Thanks for the video 👍😀
Means a lot thanks!!
I studied French Lit and I have read Camus and Sartre.
The Roads to Freedom trilogy and Nausea are both essential reading.
I haven't got into his philosophical works, but as a novelist, I think he is very good,
not expounding philosophy in a novel, but really doing the work of a good fiction writer
with characterisation and dialogue.
Excellent. Thank you.
I think this is a decent explanation of some difficult concepts. I’m no philosopher and I always struggle with philosophical ideas as complex as these. I hold Sartre in very high esteem, not least because he developed the ideas within a very modern world.
One aspect that I would have liked some discussion of is his support for socialism/communism. Existentialism is such a personal philosophical experience and yet Sartre’s political action was dedicated to communal beliefs, to societal actions. Many existentialists are pretty right wing (eg Iris Murdoch), and feel Sartre lost his way in politics. Can you explain this area of his thinking, at all? I know a little of how he came to that thinking, but would like to understand it better than I do. Can you cast any light on this, or indicate where it might best be sought? Your thinking is so clear here, so I’d love to read/hear what you have to say in elucidating this. Thank you.
¡Fascinante filosofía del maestro Sartre y muy bien explicada!
Thank you! 🤗
Thanks for the Video! You rule dude.
Thanks so much!
I love your explanation of Sartre's existentialism and his most important ideas.
this was really interesting great video!
Thanks so much!! :)
Great video !!
Glad you enjoyed it!
You deserve millions of views my friend, amazing video :)
Thank you so much!! Means a lot :)
Fantastic work
Thank you so much!
Thank you for your work of art 🥳🙏💝
Im binge watching this series, and its very interesting., But I cant help but wonder why these better known philosophers have such a depressing outlook on..well..everything. lol Is a deep pessimism a prerequisite for philosophy?
We choose long-term agony to avoid short-term discomfort.
Absolutely inspiring and brilliant philosopher 😊❤️💕
Fantastic 👏 video
Nice story. Very informative.
Thanks!! Means a lot
Nice video and ideas
Thank you!
very informative.
Thank you so much Sonazki!
Read him in college..still fascinated by his thoughts on Being./ .. Nothingness..
Still fascinated. Trying to break it down..fully understand.
Subscribed!
Very inspiring
As much as I love Sartre a part of me can't help but want to say to him "Dude, come on, just chill out." 😂
😆
means he is just a joker
I had an insight about the envious eye that people often gaze with onto other without actually taking into account of the small aspect the envy eye sees and that to be envious of whatever it may be comes with its own kind of hell attached underneath the skin we all have a hell within in. But to hear that hell is other people i sorta understand this deeply and it is mind blowing a real how is this possible moment cause ive never read anything really just music so maybe something from a song provoking this in my mind I really don’t know how to explain it anymore
Mind blowing!
Thank you!
Freedom's just another word for nothing left to lose
When I first read his line “Man wants to be God” in Being and Nothingness, I was blown away.
Humans are bound to seek the meaning-filled existence that doesn’t have or require a reason for being (“the In-itself”), thereby being utterly content with themselves. Just like the soil wouldn’t ponder a philosophical reason for why it exists. It lacks consciousness. It just exists, contently.
Humans, by virtue of having consciousness, are in terrible fate. We are born to be aware of why possibly we exist and what in hell we’re living towards, which obviously doesn’t have an answer (unless a god gives you one).
So we’re lost in our doomed empty search, which we had no choice before birth but to join. And the only ways out are either a leap of faith into a god that gives you an arbitrary answer or to become one yourself.
Men want to be God. How pithy.
I find sartre's notion of 'authentic being' in constrast to 'bad faith' rather unjustified. First of all, the idea of a 'being' being 'authentic' goes against the notion that existence proceeds essence. Sartre defines the self as 'we are what we are not' (process of negation, nothingness, transcendance of the conscious from the corporeal realities) and as 'we are not what we are' (bad faith, the 'being for others' as a constitutive element of ones conscious). These contradictory definitions, a succint explanation of Sartre's explanation of the self, discards any notion of grading the 'authenticity' of the self. Also, Sarte gives no realistic path of actualizing our 'authentic' self as he even describes the non reflective consciousness as a faculty that transposes the causality of the action it prompts as an end in of itself (a jealous act being defined as not by the relation between the agents action and the agents objective but by the particular act being preconditioned by the self which has become 'Jealousy' through the pre-reflective consciousness -remember, he doesnt distinguish between pre- reflective consciousness, reflective consciousness, and being for other as being separate from the 'self'.) Since bad faith can be determined as being caused by the being in itself (pre-reflective consciousness) overpowering the reflective attributes of being for itself (reflective consciousness) that would otherwise make the self aware of its potentialities, how is one who lives in bad faith lives a life of inauthenticitiy in comparison to someone who's cognizant of their potentiality. What Sartre did is just to explain the state of existence, he didnt establish a working philosophy where one can build towards and live as an 'authentic being'. Since the 'self' can never be understood by us through determinate terms, how can we hope to understand what an 'authentic' self even is if we dont hold a working premise. Since Sartre's whole philosophy is developed by the process of negation and defining the conscious through nothingness (the conscious is defined by what it is not - defining the conscious precludes any attempts of determining its essence) there is no primary principle as to what the self is in determinant, essential, definition. How can one construct a method of cultivating an 'authentic' self then.
Also, I feel that his characterization that free will causes a never satiated angst to be not grounded. One 'self' is not constantly in an 'being for itself' mode where existential dread is doomed to be a constant for humans. The fact that the self is determined by its potentialities, not through concrete fixated definition that would be built under the assumption that essence proceeds existence, why is this angst, this dread is positioned as a constant for the self to deal with when the self is characterized as in constant flux. If anything, bad faith is an appropriate way of sublimating the angst that follows free will and acts as an appropriate engine to actualize one of our potentialities. Since the self is defined by potentialities and a being in flux (not a concrete, definable, entity), our constitution of a self being actualized by existence and free will should be more than apt to face the burden of carrying this so called angst as we are beings that naturally pursues a life of potentialities (we are never simply a fixated essence) without any rational basis for doing so. The fact that humans are wired to live a life of free will that constantly constructs and forgoes definitions of itself with no rational impetus means that our beings as existing in flux rather than concrete essence would not be 'condemned' by this 'dread', this 'angst'. In fact, these terminology are fallaciously applied as it assumes that an entity defined by its essence, by definition constructed through positive attributions, is being subjected to a constant condition contrary to the constitution of its being. Concepts such as 'dread', 'angst', 'sickness', underlies a concrete phenomenon. One that is illogically applied to an entity such as a 'self' that is defined through existence and it defined through negation. A concept derived through a priori prescients cannot be diagnosed with symptoms that would hold the subject as a being of 'essence'.
Outstanding
Great Video as always.
Does somebody know the name of the painting 6:24
Its on the cover of my (german) version of demons dostoevsky, but I never knew the name.
Thank you! Its the Desperate Man by Gustave Courbet :)
very nice
Thank you!
I have bathroom books that I read for fun ('Worlds Worst Aircraft', 'The Past of Pastimes', 'The Order of Things') and then there are some of my favorite authors or ones I felt I should read. Four Christopher Hitchens books, one Richard Dawkins book, 'The Republic' by Plato, Fahrenheit 451.....and this book I found found for free. Seemed interesting but I didn't know the author as I'm uneducated, to be frank about it. It's called "The Psychology of Imagination" by Jean-Paul Sartre.
.....I just started it and it's a very good read!
The poetic words in the final pages of Nausea were so beautiful, as well as surreal as I was reading them in a Jazz café. He was a a linguistic acrobat..kind of like the Eminem of his time.
Nausea feels like world's smallest violin.
Excellent! JfromOH
Freedom is what you do , with what has been done to you.
I can see using this
Coming from a layperson, thank you for the enlightenment,
🔥
Essentialism only works if you feel the need to categorise, in order to feel comfortable. Were one to remain content with things being undefined, as they ultimately are, (as in, 'not separate'), then all that would remain would be to find a way to function in that state, and enjoy the flux.
Isnt that Stoicism or Taoism?
My life is my own work of martial art.
Thanks
I don’t understand how Sartre could honestly assert that “these limiting things (circumstances) that we do not have control over do not limit our freedom.” Absolute freedom would have no limitations. Limitations prove the lack of freedom.
Imagine robert sapolski and sartre having a conversation
The Whittaker family in the US has a high number of members with Exotropia, or wandering/lazy eye. This is VERY common in consanguineous unions. This coupled with the odd beliefs and opinions, I'd say there's a good chance he was exactly that.
should i watch this before reading his works or after?
You can watch this before reading his works to get a general overview of his philosophy
@@Eternalised ok thanks for replying so fast love your videos and also what about your single video on nausea
@@pbgaming3631 Yeah watching the Nausea video will reading help to get familiar with what's his talking about, since the philosophical concepts are implicit in the novel (freedom, responsibility, contingency, bad faith...). But if you do not want spoilers, do not watch the conclusion of the video 8:39-10:00
🙏🙏🙏
Sartre my dude
Freedom isn’t to choose freely,
Rather to be free from choice.
All the roads lead to the same light.
Currently Reading existentialism is a Humanism
We can choose it, but if we don’t take into account what we must do to survive in the world as it is, we are idiots.
He actually great for the times…however the envelope he was pushing broke many decades ago, and now can be encapsulated in just a few lines..
As far as I'm concerned, JPS had it all figured out or at least gained some kind of satisfaction in not figuring it out. I would probably be an existentialist if I could truly understand what it means. I know for certain I exist way outside current societal norms and that gives me hope for some unknown reason.
Freedom itself is a burden because of responsibility of making a right choice
Is the eyes thing basically talking about how the displeasure from societal Dissatisfaction with "me" creates anxiety, and changes my mental state to be isolated? How wad this man a marxist again?
right
09:39
personally, id say existence is essence, essence is existence.
Please dont use such kind of background music which will make loose interest in knowing great minds life
😎
Few lived a more bourgeois life than Jean Paul Sartre who (he said, wink, wink) wished to destroy the bourgeoisie.
Is there gonna be a jaden smith episode?????
Let's try this again, hello. U notice your head light is out.
1:00
לסארטר גם היה טיימינג טוב שכתביו האקזיסטיאליסטים היו בתקופה מלחמת העולם השנייה במקום שאנשים חיפשו משמעות, בעקבות עולם אשר רצח עשרות מיליוני בני אדם.
אנשים בחלקם רצו לקחת אחריות
1:20
מי השפיע על סארטר ואיך זה מתבטא בכתביו.
7:00
אנחנו האדונים אשר נותנים משמעות לדברים.
ואנחנו מה שאנחנו עושים.
כל מעשה עושה את עצמנו.
המעשים שלנו בתודעה של החירות שלנו הם חלק מהסיפור של כתובת הדנא שלנו
10:20
סארטר מציב בפולוסופיה שלו שאין אלוהים, ואנחנו צריכים לבחור את המשמעות שלנו.
בלי השלכות כי כשזה נגמר זה נגמר
11:00
מנגד לכך קירקגור לא חושב ככה.
16:00
אנחנו צריכים להיות מודעים לדבר שאנחנו עושים, לסיפור שאנחנו יוצרים, למשמעות שאנחנו נותנים.
19:30
בשביל מה צריך לקרוא את סארטר לדעתך?
20:15
כפי שסארטר אמר
"הייתי רוצה שחיי יהיו יצירת אמנות
20:15
למה אנחנו חווים משבר קיומי בכלל?
Eren be like: *tatakae*
I love ur channel, but man I'm not a fan of sarte lol. I do like his view of God and that he fits in with nietzsche as far as the way to win is to progress aka discovering ur essence. But I'm not a fan of the idea of essence tbh. Can someone explain it to me? I can maybe get behind it if everyone has their own essences based on their brains individually defined patterns. I also don't know if we find our own essence. I feel as though we are born with an essence but using logic we try and change it.
Yep, existentialist who believe in absolute freedom aren't materialists. It's bizarre that Sarte was a communist.
@@noah5291 why is that bizarre? Because communism is opposed to absolute freedom?
It happens??
I'll take Camus over JPS every time. He lived it. JPS talked about living it.
Camus was the better man. He had the moral courage to denounce Stalin while Sartre, who knew the truth about Stalin’s crimes, refused to do so because he didn’t want to discourage the French Communists.
Buddhists devote themselves to discovering and maintaining that freedom.
John Paul Sartre does not belong in the category "Greatest Philosophers in History". His best ideas were stolen from his lover.
คำตอบอยู่ที่เราคำถามก็เราเป็นคนตั้งคำถามเองและคำตอบที่ไม่ได้ตั้งเองแต่เราต้องตั้งใจแก่โจทก์ให้ได้เพราะมันจำเป็นและถึงเวลาแล้วที่จะต้องข่วยกันแก้ไขทุกปัญหาที่เผชิญและเชื่อว่าต้องรีบแก้โจทย์นั้นให้จบลงให้ไวไม่งั้นจะอดตายกันทุกชีวิตตรงนี้ถ้ามันฝังอยู่ในรู้สึกสำนึกและจิตใต้สำนึกจริงคนนั้นจะไม่บ่นเลยสักคำว่าจะทำไม่ได้หรือแก้ไขปัญหาที่เผชิญอยู่ไม่ได้เพราะนี่คืองานของเราเองและคนอื่นเชื่อว่าถ้าคนทั้งโลกคิดเช่นนี้โลกก็จะได้ความลงตัวหรือสรุปทางเดียวกันด้วยดี
Didn't he and other French philosophers of the time lobby for the age of consent to be abolished 🤨
Yeah, well Scooby Doo, can do do! But Satre is smarter
😔😔😔 I’m so alone
Uhm, its called "greatest philosophers" but youre talking about sarte the fart?
j
All you did was copy the exact transcript from the all too human documentary