My favorite Romans are always those that tried to hold it together while things were falling apart. Not necessarily the best, always making compromises, trying to keep it together. Stilicho, Aetius, Majorian, etc.
"presents the welcome discovery of a great and heroic character, such as sometimes arise, in a degenerate age, to vindicate the honour of the human species" - Edward Gibbon on Majorian
@@Maiorianus_Sebastian one of the things I love about Majorian's time is the fact that the "villains" of the era (Gaiseric, Ricimer) were all highly competent in intrigue and politics, breaking the image of their people being mindless barbarians. Majorian was going up against the best of the best.
Him and Aetius would have made SUCH a good team but literally no one trusted one another during this time. Hard to blame them with all the chaos and betrayal.
Can you do a video on specifically how did Majorian's reform attempted to tackle the corruption of the empire? I often wonder how the empire tackles corruption problems during their days, in comparison of modern times..
Majorian Aegidius Marcellinus Nepotianus The four men that from 458-461 were doing everything in their power to restore Rome The first to go was Majorian (461) Next was Aegidius (464) Then Nepotianus (465) And Marcellinus was the last one in 468 These men died within 7 years of eachother & possibly all of them were Assassinated (Aegidius & Nepotianus I'm not too sure about)
@@ecurewitz If they lived, Rome would’ve definitely recovered. Slowly but surely. And the 5th century would’ve been seen as a “The Crisis of the 5th Century” with a recovery. All of them were fantastic generals & even with the scraps they worked with, they nearly succeeded. Hell Aegidius’s Army was supposedly so powerful that it outlived the Western Empire by 10 years & 22 years after Aegidius died
@ecurewitz If the West survived the 5th Century. Maybe in a worse case scenario the Justinianic Plague might've done the job if things went really wrong But hey like ya said, the East lived through it & survived so maybe the West could too. I would see a Western collapse being no later than the 750's
Not enough content on the late western Roman Empire in terms of movies and documentaries. I really enjoy your videos, When’s Majorian getting his own movie or mini series ?? Lol
Your channel is pure gold. Many years ago I read about Majorian deeds, wondering how nearly no one talked about him. Now I’ve found your channel. Thank you so much!
I agree, I would so love to see movies in that period. A movie about Majorian would of course be amazing. I assume Hollywood is too obsessed with the earlier Roman Empire, because it's more recognizable. The late Romans are to modern movie audiences probably not "roman-looking" enough.
Have you ever considered doing a fallen eagle restoration run on CK3 or even just a normal start in 867 but as a Roman? I feel as if with your excellent amount of knowledge on the matter it would be super entertaining and get a lot of attention.
The Carthaginians were erased by the Romans, then the Romans were erased by the barbarians, their descendants turning into something very different from what they were. It's an irony, but a bitter one - a lose-lose situation.
I know you love Majorian, and I get it that he tried to restore the empire, but Majorian murdered Avitus by starvation in a conspiracy with his buddy Ricimer and then exposed himself to danger by dissolving his army and showing up in Italy without protection. He was certainly a killer AND he made stupid mistakes (including trusting Ricimer). Personally, I believe the empire was fatally flawed from its inception because there were no real constitutional succession rules. Thus the empire tore itself apart from civil wars. The east managed to survive another thousand years, but even the east tore itself apart with civil wars even at the end when the Ottomans were at their doorstep. The reason for the fall of the Roman empire, both east and west, was the effect of civil wars and usurpers (and your point about the lack of arms in the hands of the public is part of it, too. The civilians were defenseless. I never really thought about that). My point is that Majorian's usurpation was just another example of the chaos that destroyed the empire and then he fell for the very same reason. Can I also mention that an emperor cutting people's hands off so they wouldn't dismantle useless monuments and turn their parts into housing might have been foolish? It means he valued ancient temples that were expensive to maintain (and that people didn't use) over the housing of average people. Hardly a way to keep people loyal. Not exactly hero stuff.
You know it’s never been confirmed that Majorian had any part in Avtius’s death right? Yes he helped depose him but it was mainly Ricimer that did the killing. And he had no choice but to disband the Army, it was extremely expensive to maintain them already as they were supposed to be used for the Invasion of Africa. And honestly what other mistakes besides trusting Ricimer (who up till that very moment was his friend of many years) did he make? And again. A killer…YES everyone in Rome was a killer, that doesn’t really mean anything against him. Valentinian I was a murderer, Theodosius I was a murderer, Constantine I was an arrogant egotistical murderer & yet he is seen as the light of Christianity
@@iDeathMaximuMII My point is that Majorian is just another part of the problem of usurpers and civil wars. And the creator of this (very good) TH-cam channel makes Majorian out to be almost a Jesus like figure with Ricimer as the Judas. Ricimer was terrible and was the worst man in the worst place for the empire, but all I'm saying is that Majorian was basically just another warlord who was simply competent but he wasn't "good." He was part of the problem. The Roman system was flawed from its inception. But when it comes to Majorian, he conspired with an evil man to (let's say probably) murder Avitus and he didn't eliminate Ricimer when he has the chance. That was a pretty big mistake. And he exposed himself to danger. I simply don't think Majorian could have rebuilt the shattered Roman Empire even if he had lived. The fact that he couldn't afford to keep his army around proves it. Also, his chopping off of hands for people building homes from the ruins of unused temples wasn't very good for the empire's people.
@cjraymond8827 I understand that. I get where you're coming from. Majorian is definitely no Saint. And I will agree that maybe Majorian should've paid more attention to how easily Ricimer betrayed Avtius since originally both he & Majorian pledged loyalty to him And I personally think that Majorian did have an opportunity to fix things had he been a little more Cunning & mindful of his surroundings. I mean look at his Reconquest of Gaul & Hispania, fast & to the point. Extremely successful aswell Africa would've brought home the gold & all the treasures stolen in the 455 sack. That would've been more than enough to maintain his Army for a while Had he been more protective of the fleet he spent so much time to build, the operation would've definitely succeeded. And yeah maybe threatening his people with amputation of their hands isn't the smartest thing but in my opinion while it was cheaper to use old building material for new buildings, it would erase alot of historical buildings in which the bare remnants we see today around Italy. I think it's admirable to protect old monuments but definitely not the move to keep loyalty on his side. But after his murder. The Empire was truly fucked, Aedigus, Nepotianus & Marcellinus all ceded their realms away from Rome in the Aftermath & allowed the Barbarians to erase 4 years of progress
I don’t really understand why Majorian didn’t land his army across the gates of Hercules even if his navy was burned down he could’ve won a land campaign. probably trouble with supplies? Idk
Didn't know how close the Western Roman Empire was to being restored to its former glory! Very interesting! I do have a question, how come Brittany and northern Spain were not conquered?
As it is impossible for me to not to root for Maiorianus, I think how unlucky Romans were in this last decades that despite so commendable efforts of people like Stilicho, Aetius, Constantius the Third, Maiorianus, Anthemius and Iulius Nepos it all collapsed anyways. But then again I think of the uber difficult odds that they had to overcome. Systemic problems that they had to overcome and political and military instability in which they had to work. Take Ricimer for example.. Majorian was most likely too busy with managing and containing ambitions and possible threats from dozens upon dozens other people while handling dozens of issues and problems to see threat from that one guy. After all, he wasn't the only barbarian dude under his command. Sure- the only one who held the rank of Magister Militum but even if Majorian suspected some threat to come from this guy, maybe he couldn't just do something about it simply straight away. Or maybe Ricimer was convincing enough and he masked his intentions pretty well. We could also suspect that leaving Ricimer behind while going on a campaign was a sign that Majorian had his suspicions and didn't want any treachery in the decisive moment of campaign or battle. Even if Maiorian had reconqured Africa and put treacherous Ricimer to death which was probably the only solution, he'd still have to solve mountains of problems, avoid other would be assasins and solve the problem of succession in Rome once for all- maybe bringing Republic again or figure out some other systemic solution that would work for a longer while than one persons lifetime. Anyway, this channel is almost my dream come true. I've been always fascinated by history of late Imperium Romanum in the west and there was no YT channel, no one basically willing to talk about it and make it right. Everyone would just talk about republican or early imperial Rome. It seems like no one was interested in complex and fascinating period of political turmoil and cultural and social changes of late Rome and how it exactly, truly fell. Thank you from all my heart. Once I'm in better financial shape, you bet I will help the channel and aupport it handsomely.
Hello MarymonckiJohn. You Sir, made my day. This is one of the best comments I have ever read, and you summarized the problems that the late Western Roman Empire faced, perfectly. I agree in all points. Don't worry about support, I am happy to be surrounded here on the channel by such excellent people, and I thank you for your excellent comments, which I all read. We have accomplished something great here, we have all fans of the Late Roman Empire coming here, and so I am truly very happy to see so many people share this fascination with that incredibly interesting time period of 300-500 AD, plusminus some decades of course :)
Can you do more videos on Romans in the middle east I know the romans were technically European but they did occupy the middle east for a while before they left. I'd like to know what they did while they were there
He has made a few videos about cities like Antioch and Alexandria. It's true that a few emperors like Trajan and Septimius Severus pushed the border to Mesopotamia, but they didn't have much of a long-lasting effect. Pretty sure Invicta has a few videos like Roman trade with India and their attempts to conquer Arabia, if you're interested.
They did many things there but it seems they get alot of shit and have become notorious for crucifying a Jewish carpenter. Something about the guy being a king and pissing off his own people.
The Empire succeeds in re-conquering Africa, Brittania hails the emperor, and East and West intermarry until the borders fade away. The City of Rome is still the capital of the once again United Roman Empire, Right? 🙂 ... Right?... 😟
I love your videos, but it is so depressing to see how close Majorian came to restoring the Western Empire. How much was lost to the world! But what about the Bronze Age Collapse?! If somehow the various reasons for the fall could have been sorted out, and civilisation continued unbroken since then, where would we be now?! The various civilisations could have expanded and formed bonds stretching from the Iberian Peninsula to China - a united Eurasia!
Sorry what? Italian romans needed high financial incentives to fight for rome since evidently for them it’s all about a lot of money and rome itself is not worth fighting for without that, barbarians were less expensive and for some odd reason these out there for not much money barbarians are miraculously not as loyal as the entirely out there for a lot of money Italian Roman troops who otherwise couldn’t give any less fks about rome… Yeah that doesn’t seem to make any sense whatsoever. Surely I must have misunderstood something…
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Majorian: there once was a dream, a dream called Rome... and I will not let that dream die just yet...
My favorite Romans are always those that tried to hold it together while things were falling apart. Not necessarily the best, always making compromises, trying to keep it together. Stilicho, Aetius, Majorian, etc.
My favourite is Aurelian cause he was so good he didn't have to compromise for shit!
@@juhojohansson4797 lack of compromise is what led to his assassination!
What about constantine XI, the constantinople one
@@GAarcher I'm still not confident enough in my Eastern Roman history to comment. Working on rectifying that.
@@therealpianofairy No his troops and secretary betrayed him.
Must’ve been hard for Leo to keep track of all the different emperors and puppet emperors being assassinated.
Leo had few close calls too lmao
@@gujjewman96 leo might have made some calls himself agaisnt others
"presents the welcome discovery of a great and heroic character, such as sometimes arise, in a degenerate age, to vindicate the honour of the human species" - Edward Gibbon on Majorian
I think Procopius said that. Or something similar
Gibbon is the best
@@therealestg9 My favorite modern Roman historian for sure.
In another world, there would be Majorianus Restitutor Orbis.
The east was fairly ok during 450-500 though, maybe a Restorer of the West for Majorian.
It always seems the candle burns brightest before it goes out completely.
you told the story so well i was rooting for Majorian, even as i knew how it all went
i commend your work immeasurably
Thanks a lot, I really appreciate it :)
Yes, the story ends badly every single time :(
Me too
Majorian is my favorite emperor for the scope of his achievements despite all the setbacks
Mine too :) Else I wouldn't have created this channel. His achievements are really impressive, and he almost was a second Aurelian.
@@Maiorianus_Sebastian one of the things I love about Majorian's time is the fact that the "villains" of the era (Gaiseric, Ricimer) were all highly competent in intrigue and politics, breaking the image of their people being mindless barbarians. Majorian was going up against the best of the best.
Diocletian is mine :)
Him and Aetius would have made SUCH a good team but literally no one trusted one another during this time. Hard to blame them with all the chaos and betrayal.
Aeitius didn't like majorianus though and attempted to intermarry the children of valentinian in order to secure his own empororship
"The right of the Roman people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed."
-Majorian the Based and SPQR-Pilled
To see him win so many battles but lose the war as a result of treachery is heartbreaking. I get a lot of Rob Stark from ASOIAF vibes.
To make things worse Majorian didn't break a marriage alliance, which makes his death even more tragic.
I’ve always thought the same!
Can you do a video on specifically how did Majorian's reform attempted to tackle the corruption of the empire? I often wonder how the empire tackles corruption problems during their days, in comparison of modern times..
Thank you kindly for rejuvenating my passion for Roman history
Majorian
Aegidius
Marcellinus
Nepotianus
The four men that from 458-461 were doing everything in their power to restore Rome
The first to go was Majorian (461)
Next was Aegidius (464)
Then Nepotianus (465)
And Marcellinus was the last one in 468
These men died within 7 years of eachother & possibly all of them were Assassinated (Aegidius & Nepotianus I'm not too sure about)
Can you imagine if they lived
@@ecurewitz If they lived, Rome would’ve definitely recovered. Slowly but surely. And the 5th century would’ve been seen as a “The Crisis of the 5th Century” with a recovery. All of them were fantastic generals & even with the scraps they worked with, they nearly succeeded. Hell Aegidius’s Army was supposedly so powerful that it outlived the Western Empire by 10 years & 22 years after Aegidius died
@iDeathMaximuMII at least through the Justinian Plague anyway. Though the Eastern Roman Empire did as well
@ecurewitz If the West survived the 5th Century. Maybe in a worse case scenario the Justinianic Plague might've done the job if things went really wrong
But hey like ya said, the East lived through it & survived so maybe the West could too. I would see a Western collapse being no later than the 750's
Yes, it's brutal every time. These four people were the last hope for the Western Roman Empire, they really didn't deserve such a fate.
A story I’ve heard times and times again. I’m ready to hear once more.
If only he had ruled for a long time instead of Honorius
Not enough content on the late western Roman Empire in terms of movies and documentaries. I really enjoy your videos, When’s Majorian getting his own movie or mini series ?? Lol
They would make him ghaey, probably, so now's not the time for such series.
Thanks!
And thank you Sir, for your kind dondation, I really appreciate it :)
Your channel is pure gold. Many years ago I read about Majorian deeds, wondering how nearly no one talked about him. Now I’ve found your channel. Thank you so much!
This period is most fascinating Not covered much by others. Only you ! Why are there not movies made covering this period ?
I agree, I would so love to see movies in that period. A movie about Majorian would of course be amazing.
I assume Hollywood is too obsessed with the earlier Roman Empire, because it's more recognizable. The late Romans are to modern movie audiences probably not "roman-looking" enough.
Well you certainly made him my new favorite Roman
best late roman content on youtube love your work
It would be cool if you made videos about the the various laws he issued. Love your channel!
It seems to me that your passion for your subject is your most admirable quality. If Majorian is watching, I believe he must be very pleased.
Have you ever considered doing a fallen eagle restoration run on CK3 or even just a normal start in 867 but as a Roman? I feel as if with your excellent amount of knowledge on the matter it would be super entertaining and get a lot of attention.
What a fascinating time. And a fascinating character.
Damn. That’s a hell of an opending quote. Wish someone said that about me. We live in putrid times and I’m just a gardener on the battlefield… 😢
great stuff!
Incredible
It is so refreshing to see new light being shone on this inscrutable age.
Great, thank you. Gracias.
HAIL CAESER, ROMA INVICTUS.
Great stuff! ⚔
What are your thoughts on the Polish commonwealth, their rulers saw themselves as emperors and called themselves augustus.
First! Settle in and enjoy folks, this is gonna be EPIC!
Spoiler alert: 600 years later, Hannibal is avenged. History is full of irony.
The Carthaginians were erased by the Romans, then the Romans were erased by the barbarians, their descendants turning into something very different from what they were. It's an irony, but a bitter one - a lose-lose situation.
@@weed...5692
The Romans destroyed the Vandals. Belisarius
took them out.
Thanks To This important Vídeo.
I know you love Majorian, and I get it that he tried to restore the empire, but Majorian murdered Avitus by starvation in a conspiracy with his buddy Ricimer and then exposed himself to danger by dissolving his army and showing up in Italy without protection. He was certainly a killer AND he made stupid mistakes (including trusting Ricimer). Personally, I believe the empire was fatally flawed from its inception because there were no real constitutional succession rules. Thus the empire tore itself apart from civil wars. The east managed to survive another thousand years, but even the east tore itself apart with civil wars even at the end when the Ottomans were at their doorstep. The reason for the fall of the Roman empire, both east and west, was the effect of civil wars and usurpers (and your point about the lack of arms in the hands of the public is part of it, too. The civilians were defenseless. I never really thought about that). My point is that Majorian's usurpation was just another example of the chaos that destroyed the empire and then he fell for the very same reason. Can I also mention that an emperor cutting people's hands off so they wouldn't dismantle useless monuments and turn their parts into housing might have been foolish? It means he valued ancient temples that were expensive to maintain (and that people didn't use) over the housing of average people. Hardly a way to keep people loyal. Not exactly hero stuff.
You know it’s never been confirmed that Majorian had any part in Avtius’s death right? Yes he helped depose him but it was mainly Ricimer that did the killing. And he had no choice but to disband the Army, it was extremely expensive to maintain them already as they were supposed to be used for the Invasion of Africa. And honestly what other mistakes besides trusting Ricimer (who up till that very moment was his friend of many years) did he make? And again. A killer…YES everyone in Rome was a killer, that doesn’t really mean anything against him. Valentinian I was a murderer, Theodosius I was a murderer, Constantine I was an arrogant egotistical murderer & yet he is seen as the light of Christianity
@@iDeathMaximuMII My point is that Majorian is just another part of the problem of usurpers and civil wars. And the creator of this (very good) TH-cam channel makes Majorian out to be almost a Jesus like figure with Ricimer as the Judas. Ricimer was terrible and was the worst man in the worst place for the empire, but all I'm saying is that Majorian was basically just another warlord who was simply competent but he wasn't "good." He was part of the problem. The Roman system was flawed from its inception. But when it comes to Majorian, he conspired with an evil man to (let's say probably) murder Avitus and he didn't eliminate Ricimer when he has the chance. That was a pretty big mistake. And he exposed himself to danger. I simply don't think Majorian could have rebuilt the shattered Roman Empire even if he had lived. The fact that he couldn't afford to keep his army around proves it. Also, his chopping off of hands for people building homes from the ruins of unused temples wasn't very good for the empire's people.
@cjraymond8827 I understand that. I get where you're coming from. Majorian is definitely no Saint. And I will agree that maybe Majorian should've paid more attention to how easily Ricimer betrayed Avtius since originally both he & Majorian pledged loyalty to him
And I personally think that Majorian did have an opportunity to fix things had he been a little more Cunning & mindful of his surroundings. I mean look at his Reconquest of Gaul & Hispania, fast & to the point. Extremely successful aswell
Africa would've brought home the gold & all the treasures stolen in the 455 sack. That would've been more than enough to maintain his Army for a while
Had he been more protective of the fleet he spent so much time to build, the operation would've definitely succeeded. And yeah maybe threatening his people with amputation of their hands isn't the smartest thing but in my opinion while it was cheaper to use old building material for new buildings, it would erase alot of historical buildings in which the bare remnants we see today around Italy. I think it's admirable to protect old monuments but definitely not the move to keep loyalty on his side. But after his murder. The Empire was truly fucked, Aedigus, Nepotianus & Marcellinus all ceded their realms away from Rome in the Aftermath & allowed the Barbarians to erase 4 years of progress
@@iDeathMaximuMII Agreed
I don’t really understand why Majorian didn’t land his army across the gates of Hercules even if his navy was burned down he could’ve won a land campaign. probably trouble with supplies? Idk
Geseric devastated Mauritania, so a direct crossing from there would go through the destroyed land that the Army wouldn't be able to live off of
@@iDeathMaximuMII thank you 🙏🏻 im guessing the calculus of majorian was the ships wouldn’t be able to supply them with the land being destroyed then
Majorian Rules!
Majorian- "stay strapped or get clapped"
Make another video of Constantine the almighty
Super!
“Stay Strapped or Get Clapped” - Majorian and George Washington
Didn't know how close the Western Roman Empire was to being restored to its former glory! Very interesting! I do have a question, how come Brittany and northern Spain were not conquered?
Difficult terrain surely played a role.
@@Grenadier311 that’s a good point thanks!
@@munckintattoolover24 np
There should be an HBO series about all that.
Here we go Romaboos
As it is impossible for me to not to root for Maiorianus, I think how unlucky Romans were in this last decades that despite so commendable efforts of people like Stilicho, Aetius, Constantius the Third, Maiorianus, Anthemius and Iulius Nepos it all collapsed anyways. But then again I think of the uber difficult odds that they had to overcome. Systemic problems that they had to overcome and political and military instability in which they had to work. Take Ricimer for example.. Majorian was most likely too busy with managing and containing ambitions and possible threats from dozens upon dozens other people while handling dozens of issues and problems to see threat from that one guy. After all, he wasn't the only barbarian dude under his command. Sure- the only one who held the rank of Magister Militum but even if Majorian suspected some threat to come from this guy, maybe he couldn't just do something about it simply straight away. Or maybe Ricimer was convincing enough and he masked his intentions pretty well. We could also suspect that leaving Ricimer behind while going on a campaign was a sign that Majorian had his suspicions and didn't want any treachery in the decisive moment of campaign or battle. Even if Maiorian had reconqured Africa and put treacherous Ricimer to death which was probably the only solution, he'd still have to solve mountains of problems, avoid other would be assasins and solve the problem of succession in Rome once for all- maybe bringing Republic again or figure out some other systemic solution that would work for a longer while than one persons lifetime. Anyway, this channel is almost my dream come true. I've been always fascinated by history of late Imperium Romanum in the west and there was no YT channel, no one basically willing to talk about it and make it right. Everyone would just talk about republican or early imperial Rome. It seems like no one was interested in complex and fascinating period of political turmoil and cultural and social changes of late Rome and how it exactly, truly fell. Thank you from all my heart. Once I'm in better financial shape, you bet I will help the channel and aupport it handsomely.
Hello MarymonckiJohn. You Sir, made my day. This is one of the best comments I have ever read, and you summarized the problems that the late Western Roman Empire faced, perfectly. I agree in all points. Don't worry about support, I am happy to be surrounded here on the channel by such excellent people, and I thank you for your excellent comments, which I all read. We have accomplished something great here, we have all fans of the Late Roman Empire coming here, and so I am truly very happy to see so many people share this fascination with that incredibly interesting time period of 300-500 AD, plusminus some decades of course :)
I'm not a specialist of Latin, but is "gratias TIBI ago" OK when addressing MULTIPLE people? Shouldn't it be "vobis" or something similar?
No, it would be gratias vobis ago.
Can you do more videos on Romans in the middle east
I know the romans were technically European but they did occupy the middle east for a while before they left.
I'd like to know what they did while they were there
He has made a few videos about cities like Antioch and Alexandria. It's true that a few emperors like Trajan and Septimius Severus pushed the border to Mesopotamia, but they didn't have much of a long-lasting effect. Pretty sure Invicta has a few videos like Roman trade with India and their attempts to conquer Arabia, if you're interested.
They did many things there but it seems they get alot of shit and have become notorious for crucifying a Jewish carpenter. Something about the guy being a king and pissing off his own people.
You wonder how much different things would have been and turned out if he reigned say, another 15 years??!!
Almost!
Here!
Finally
4:05 Second Amendment.
The Empire succeeds in re-conquering Africa, Brittania hails the emperor, and East and West intermarry until the borders fade away. The City of Rome is still the capital of the once again United Roman Empire, Right? 🙂 ... Right?... 😟
I love your videos, but it is so depressing to see how close Majorian came to restoring the Western Empire. How much was lost to the world!
But what about the Bronze Age Collapse?! If somehow the various reasons for the fall could have been sorted out, and civilisation continued unbroken since then, where would we be now?! The various civilisations could have expanded and formed bonds stretching from the Iberian Peninsula to China - a united Eurasia!
No, don't give me hope.
Maiorianus Optimus princeps. Italica gens et populi foderati te salutano. Volat semper aquila legionis
What if Alexander the Great lived longer
Sorry what?
Italian romans needed high financial incentives to fight for rome since evidently for them it’s all about a lot of money and rome itself is not worth fighting for without that, barbarians were less expensive and for some odd reason these out there for not much money barbarians are miraculously not as loyal as the entirely out there for a lot of money Italian Roman troops who otherwise couldn’t give any less fks about rome…
Yeah that doesn’t seem to make any sense whatsoever. Surely I must have misunderstood something…
larp
Eastern Roman Empire sold out Western real Roman Empire Filthy Theodosius and Arcadius.
Young women taking religious vows of chastity? 🤣those days are long gone 🤣
some christian dude a hero? hardly
A military & tactical... Genius