M31 - Andromeda Galaxy - Deep Sky Videos
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 1 มิ.ย. 2024
- The Andromeda Galaxy is the Milky Way's nearest comparable neighbour and perhaps the most famous object on Charles Messier's famed list of 110 objects. Messier object playlist: bit.ly/MessierObjects
Featuring Meghan Gray and Mike Merrifield from the University of Nottingham and astrophotographer Nik Szymanek.
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Videos by Brady Haran
Editing in this film by Stephen Slater
Brady's other channels include:
/ periodicvideos (Chemistry stuff)
/ sixtysymbols (Physics and astronomy)
/ numberphile (Numbers and maths)
/ nottinghamscience (Science and behind the scenes)
/ foodskey (Food science)
/ backstagescience (Big science facilities)
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/ bibledex (Academic look at the Bible)
/ wordsoftheworld (Modern language and culture)
/ philosophyfile (Philosophy stuff) - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
I really like, that you don't only show the nice and tidy life of professors, but also the frustrating life of astro photographers :) Keep up the good work!
It was such a simple quote, but it gave me chills down my spine. Meghan's got a good reading voice :)
I'd recognize that b&w image of Messier's 31st nebula anywhere. My very first image of Andromeda looked identical. I was so excited about it too.
So basically my eyes are so powerful they can see 2.5m years into the past, nice.
It's amazing init.
Mona Liftza isn't it
No, they can't. 2.5m years came to you
I really like that comparison with Andromeda "Like a handsome person who doesn't really look all that great up close."
This has got to be your best video, Brady! Love them all but this one gives me the chills even after watching it several times. Love how one of our nearest neighbors can make me feel so tiny amongst the stars!
I remember pointing my 4 inch dobby in the direction of Mirach in 2009. When I saw M31, I cried tears of joy!
I'm currently just getting into astronomy after having a passing interest in it for years. I'm obsessed with andromeda. Great video
Mind boggling to think we see the Andromeda galaxy just as civilisation was evolving here on earth.
they are on a collision course but collectively still expanding, 2 different velocities, like two cars side by side bumping into each other on the highway doing the same speed
I like to think that there's life in Andromeda with a inverse video
+trtjr22 I wonder what's the name they've gave to our galaxy.
Well, if they have constellations, and are around our level of development, they probably named it after whatever a constellation might look like around our area of the sky.
El Ferko spilled milk from a spoiled cow
milky way for milky wayians
Where someone has left a comment saying this about the milky way
What?! Brady hosts another channel? Well gee i guess Christmas came early this year. Great videos!
The last few words she said, could not be more accurate. It truly is amazing that we are able to map the universe around us. I feel uneasy saying us, as humanity, but really its the few of us. In any case... thank you astronomers
Thank you Brady! As always well done 3
she has such a nice voice
If only I was better at math, i'm so in love with astronomy. Thank you for filling this void in my life.
Dude I feel the same way. All the physics of it is so beautiful. The maths just really confounds me sometimes. :(
I love this channel. THANKS for making these videos and thanks to all the people that you interview for sharing your knowledge.
This is an awesome channel! Every video of the Messier series describes the object, something unique about it, how it was found and is there any modern research going on about it. Thanks Brady!
Always nice to see more of Brady's bunch in my inbox
Unless we can leave our Galaxy very rapidly, or Andromeda suddenly lurches, I think we're stuck with the angle we've got! :)
The best Messier video so far! Probably just because it's such an interesting object! Loved it!
I really want to see the M51 and M101 soon :D they're such beautiful galaxies!
This is the first time I've noticed some out of date information in a "Deep Sky" video. (11 years after you posted it).
I believe that the latest research sudestes that the Milky Way is much smaller than previously thought and that we may only be about a tenth the size of Andromeda .
Also interestingly they can loosely be described as touching already IE mixed parent Galaxy stars combining.
PS huge fan, my fault for not watching sooner.
Finely!
thenk you brady
I love your history type short lecture.
Brady cues him in at 0:39, Nik swivels his 'scope and off he goes talkin' all this beautiful jargon
Great video!
glad you liked and and hope you've checked out the other Deep Sky Videos
Meghan Gray is amasing when explaining! Wish more teachers had her gift..
As always a pleasure to watch your video's guys.
As for the light emitted:
1) The stars are more densely distributed near the center.
2) An accretion disk forms around the black hole as the matter around it picks up speed, heats up, and begins to emit lots of radiation. (although i'm not 100% sure if this happens in non-quasars)
Now, neither the milkyway nor M31 is a quasar (meaning the black holes aren't actively consuming matter). There is much more radiation emitted from the accretion disk of a quasar making them many times more luminous.
Awesome video.
My father had an old astronomy book that apear m31 as a spiral nebulae
Time for a update/refresh on Andromeda?
The relative size of Andromeda to the Moon in our sky blew my mind.
thanks you Bradly. I love your videos. I love you have found interesting and passionate people.
These videos are very enlightening. Keep making them. Hope these videos will gain a lot a views, for the benefit of the general education of the youth
Brilliant!
lieve1050 is correct, it's due to rotation. Actually the rotational profile of galaxies is not very well understood. If you read about rotation curves & dark matter you'll have a better understanding of the confusion. Basically, the outer 80-90% of a galaxy tends to rotate at the same speed. Only the inner ~10% rotates as expected. The rotation curve of M31 actually shows the angular velocity suddenly increases outside of the bulge. Dark matter is believed to be the reason.
Glad to see the relative size reference. I think this is a significant misconception to most layman. Many think (regarding M31 in this case) that the whole of the galaxy is too SMALL to see with the naked eye - not realizing that the photos we see are long exposed. I didnt realize this myself till seeing it with a pair of Gen3 night vision goggles.
Sweet, a new video :D
I'm glad you asked :)
It has been proven that super massive black holed exist in the centers of most galaxies including M31 and our own. One such observation is that stars near the center of the galaxy whip around at enormous speeds which strongly suggests it's presence.
Super cool
Thank you, thank you!
Apparently, my uncle, while living in Hawaii, was able to see Andromeda without any telescope or binoculars because of the extremely low light pollution. He said it didn't look like much, just a little smudge, but still cool!
If you know where to look, you can catch glimpses of it in your peripheral vision even in heavy light pollution. Itll never be anything more than a grayish smudge, but it is visible.
In Bortle 1 here in NM on a clear night not only can you see M31, but M33 Triangulum Galaxy too. Just my 7x50 binoculars makes the sky at Bortle 1-2 just explode in stars and fuzzy lights. My 100mm and 150mm telescopes are actually kind of hard to aim where I want them to go as there is just so much to see.
That question was in regards to why the orbits of planets where elliptical as opposed to circular (not spherical). The question of galaxies not being spherical is quite different from star systems not being circular.
YAY 8 MIN LONG VIDEO!!!!
Her voice is velvety...
yes, it is posted as a video response
Galaxies tend to rotate. The centripetal force tends to push the objects within it outward until it reaches and equilibrium point which is generally a disc. Conservation of angular momentum comes into it as well as the dynamics of rotating gas clouds. It's more complex than just that but essentially the answer is rotation.
Question: is Andromeda currently on a rebound from an earlier close encounter with the Milky Way? Is there any way to tell?
Because of the rotation. Planets are also not really spherical, but a little flat towards the rotation plane (oblate spheroid).
M31 and our own galaxy are so large its not wildly strange to think that there could be some e.t.'s making a youtube video about our galaxy right now :)
I'm sure it's not the full picture but one reason certainly is, they rotate really fast.
Though as far as I know, in the middle of each supercluster, that is, a cluster of galaxy clusters, you actually have a really massive super galaxy that is elipsoidal in shape and doesn't have spiral-arms...
Most galaxies are either spiral or elliptical. Gravity makes elleptical galaxies tend to coalesce and form a sphere, but as they do so, they start to spin - this happens naturally, similar to water spiralling down a plughole. This spin makes them flatten and turns them into the spiral galaxies we see.
damn youu brady! i'm late for work again because of you. lol.
Is that a Pentax A* 400 lens used as a guidescope?
gaseous planets where originally disc shaped, then lost angular momentum over time (due to tidal effects from the sun, its moons, etc) and so lost the majority of it's centripetal force and so converged close to becoming spherical, but even then it still bulges slightly at the equator due to its rotation.
Galaxies are larger and have a hell lot more angular momentum and not much is draining that away, so it'll spin neatly for quite a while. This is why much older galaxies tend to be elliptical.
I'm actually interested in, how could the astronomers measure the size of the Milky Way. I don't know if you have actually discussed yet in a video
Google "standard candles".
Engrossing video, but shame there was no mention about Andromeda popping over to visit us, in the Milky Way!
I have a book for you to read. All libraries will have this book. I know you will like it. It is called : A Short History of Nearly Everything . It is written by Bill Bryson . Bill is NOT a scientist , so , he goes and asks people who are scientists and researchers , then he explains what they say in a language that most people can understand. I am sure you will enjoy this book.
Could we get a video about the scientific and astronomic references and suggestions in Edgar Allan Poes Prose Poem "Eureka" please?
very fine to know the sky
3:12 that primary mirror is filthy!
It doesn't really matter. Better to let the dust and read flies build up than risk damaging it by cleaning it. O course there comes a point.
i honestly believe that te starts in galaxies are so small, thats it's literaly impossible to single them out. im convinced that the stars they think they see in galaxies are simply stars in front of, and much closer to us that the galaxies themselves, for a star like the on hubbel points out in the negative image, to be visible, and at that size compared to the mass of white dust which are also supposed to be stars in the same region means that the star he's pointing out is literally a large percentage of the mass of that entire galaxy. that sepheid star he points out in the image would appear to be the same size as possibly thousands of other stars which are only visible as white smoke. it looks like that star he has hilighted would be maybe 0.05% of the entire mass of that galaxy.. or some fraction like that.
Another five years to he hundred year anniversary of the modern understanding of the universe. Rather humbling.
i remember it having to do with how much space there is separating the stars and planets, unlike earth and jupiter where the particles are packed together relatively closely
Yay! Andromeda!!
I think the term you were looking regarding the attractiveness / distance is a "Monet". Looks great from far away but up close it's a bloody mess
Elliptical galaxies are spherical, but I don't know enough about how their formation differs from spiral galaxies. Maybe if two spiral galaxies collided they would make an elliptical galaxy because all the stars would no longer be in the same plane.
Wasn't it M31 that was going to merge with our own galaxy or something? You didn't mention that in the video. I could be wrong tho.
They're emitting light for the fairly intuitive reason that as material falls in toward the black hole,it creates a very hot disc around the hole that swirls very rapidly and creates a lot of heat and visible light along with a healthy dose of x-rays. Light is not sucked in until you reach the event horizon,which, being so small on the galactic scale, has not been directly seen. However,objects have been seen moving very quickly around a very small point,indicating there are central black holes.
Galaxies are not spherical because the orbits would be unstable. The stars not following the main disk would contract into the disk, which is the only solution that respects the conservation of momentum and Kepler's third law at the same time.
Planets are spherical because there's the normal force that hinders contraction. In fact, since the Earth spins, it is somewhat flattened in the poles. Fast spinning objects like the dwarf planet Haumea are even stranger. They're called scalene ellipsoids.
Because the stars revolve around the galaxies' black holes, conserving the momentum they all had at the Big Bang.
Immanuel Kant; I rage uncontrollably at his mention.
if you think about the earth, it's not spherical, it is something like an apple and that is because it is spinning, i think the same happens with galaxies, but as they are much larger and heavyer, the effect in more intense
Saw this last week through 90mm matsukov.Faint fuzzy patch
3:02 Assassin Telescope (yes I know there's also a star with the same name)
Please 4giv mi. I referred this galaxy as m87?
There is a large amount of star formation at the center of the galaxy, in the "bulge" if you like. That's why it's bright. We have observed stars whipping around "suspected" black hole's in incredible speeds. And in 2015, we're gonna directly observe a black hole sucking in a huge gas cloud in a few years. The best observing chance on the subject. :) if someone wants to correct me, please do so.
M31 is my favourite messier object
I know androm to this video. so so thank you~~
Good
The "local group" consists of our neighboring galaxies that are gravitationally bound so they travel together to some extent as the universe expands.
Does a galaxy like this rotate?
So if the Andromeda galaxy is the furthest object observable with the naked eye, so does that mean that every single Star you can see when you look up at night is part of our own Milky-way?
+Peter Timowreef Yep.
Guybrush Threepwood
Woah.
Tis amazing, 200 billion stars in our galaxy alone.
+Peter Timowreef I think so, yes.
Yes every single one with the naked eye. However you can see the R136 cluster in the LMC with a large telescope (12 inches) and other globular clusters in the Small and Large Magellanic Cloud with a telescope
I'm curious if there is any explanation for why if all the galaxies are moving apart due to the expanding universe, there are some that are on a collision course, like Andromeda and the Milky Way.
Large amounts of mass can overcome the general stretching of space on the scale of the universe. Galaxy clusters have enough mass to hold themselves together. But nothing is ever still therefore galaxies tug on each other as they orbit the center. M31 and our galaxy are gonna smash together in about 4 billions years.
I believe it's mainly because there are so many galaxies, and they each have a momentum independent of the expansion of the universe, that statistically there are guaranteed to be collisions if you measure over a long enogh period of time. It's a matter of chance that our galaxy and another will collide, just as much as it was a matter of chance that our solar system has supported our life. The closer galaxies are, the less space expands between them, and the more likely they will collide.
how do you find rotation or Galaxy 's Arms around its Center ?? is it fast enough to observe in Days , months or years ????
I think its because things slightly red shift if they move away from us and blue shift if the move towards us.
@@Adrift555 yes you are right, and now I know, since it was very old question.
@@omsingharjit I am surprise that you responded
@@Adrift555 why you surprise I reply on allmost every comment
@@omsingharjit i don’t know, I just assumed you may be using a new account. Most people don’t respond on old comments like this in my experience
Additionally, and i'm by no means an astronomer so don't take this as fact, but dark matter has a lot to play in local galaxy groups, it has a large influence on how the galaxies gravitationally attract. (someone feel free to correct me)
You are correct. In addition, galaxies don't have near the mass necessary to keep them from flying apart at the seams due to the centrifugal force generated by their spin. It's theorized that dark matter also takes care of that.
Its because the galaxy spins at such a great speed. Its like when you watch the guy spinning your pizza or when you watch an ice skater spin on the spot her arms are being forced out by the speed of the rotation. Thats all really and its not perfectly flat either.
i lost an old quizz flash game yesterday because there was a question about how many planets are there in the solar system :( apparently 8 wasnt the correct answer at the time the game was made :D (just something that i remembered when at the end she talked about putting stuff in their right place)
hmm, maybe a bit too often. that's why I have too much work to do here in my office!
Looking at DeepSkyVideos scares me. It just shows how small we are, it almost makes me feel like an ant.
I like to think that as our galaxy and andromeda get closer, intelligent life on our galaxy will look to andromeda and intelligent life in andromeda will look to the sky and see the milky way
It doesn't matter how close up you get to Dr Gray, she's just as beautiful! ...Don't worry, you're gorgeous too, Brady! ;)
I know andromeda. and I think very amazing
I really need someone to explain to me how did all the matter in the universe come from a point of space smaller than an atom? Am i supposed to believe it all just appear from nothing
It is presumed that there is a super-massive-black hole at the center of most galaxies including the Milky-Way and Andromeda.
Knew about the beautiful spiral nebula nebulae and galaxies.
I think apod's picture today was inspired by this, hard to tell though
But if andromeda is heading tour's us straight , why we see it like its tilt heading down relative to us
The tilt of the galaxy has nothinghh to do with the motion of it