Evolution of English
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 พ.ย. 2019
- The evolution of English, from its roots in Proto-Germanic all the way to Modern English! Late Modern got left out as that's largely a dialect or even mere accent, for as you can tell even Shakespeare is arguably Modern English, and I also didn't give the outside influences of Old Angevin and Old/Middle French since they were more minor than Norman and it would make the video quite a bit longer.
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Sources:
Hogg, Richard M. (1992). "Chapter 3: Phonology and Morphology". In Hogg, Richard M. (ed.). The Cambridge History of the English
Ringe, Donald A. (2006). From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. Linguistic history of English, v. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-955229-0.
Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
originalpronunciation.com/
#Language #English #History #Linguistics #Languages #Evolution #EvolutionLanguage #LanguageEvolution
"To be or not to be"
*Is you or is you ain't*
Lmao this comment deserves more likes 😂
@@antoniomonzuno9511 it has been up for 4 days
is you o' is you ain't*
Is u is* or is u ain't
Instant Tom and Jerry flashbacks
1600: Thou art thy reason
2000: you are the reason
2050: you is the because
Lmao
@@TheVarrio
2700: yous da waz..
Mr.Knight The Detective 400000 Waaaaaaagh
90000000 uplicux
This will be known as the Africanization period.
fun fact: one of the oldest words that still remain around today since ancient English is the word "town"
I also noticed that even when we were in Proto-Germanic/west Germanic that the word frost was largely unchanged
even "understand"
also the word "sitzpinkler"
Yeahh, i think the same too
Was, and in. Where also used a lot
It’s crazy how English went from sounding completely german to how it is today! It’s so mind blowing to hear old english!
Yeah i agree.
By German you mean Germanic, correct? Because English and German came from the same language, English didn't come from German or the other way around.
English still sounds hella german, or at least german enough to be kinda understood by native germna speaker if the english speaker has no massive dialect
English only sounds more diffrent after a severe and deadly amount of word borrowings from other languages but before the two languages sounded very similar like Swedish and danish
If got an example Southern dialect like me. German is uninteligable in most vocabulary due to heavy pronouncation differences or when a German has a' thick accent.
It's interesting how the word "and" has never changed.
And under
Two oldest english words.
And "In"
This I not English at all
I can't understand anything from first 4-5 items
And was, also in never changed
Old english be like: æ
æğ
X Æ A-12
@@megazoid6573 doe you waht ægāo
Elon Musk naming his child
@Juan Diego Sánchez Isn't the pronunciation in between an a and e sound?
British Latin sounds like a mix of Spanish and Portuguese spoke by a drunk person, Speaking native portuguese and basic spanish I can understand it quite well
Because Spanish originated from the Latin language and so did English language. But Wnglish also originated from the Norman (French) language.
Melanin Queen What do you mean? English is a west Germanic language if we're talking origin. Latin and Norman French have obviously had a lot of influence on it though.
@@melaninqueen2413 Spanish originated from *vulgar Latin, meaning inproper Latin spoken as regional dialects in the territories of the Roman empire, which was different from the Imperial Latin used in Rome's capitals and Major cities. Also, English is a Germanic language, originating from the Angles and Saxon tribes who settled in Roman Britain and eventually seized power after the Roman Empire fell. The two tribes later became a collective, simply referred to as the Anglo-Saxons. While English does have some borrowed words from Latin, it's ignorant to say that English "Originates" from Latin, because it doesn't. It Originates from the Germanic people, specifically the Angles and the Saxons. Also, while Norman French did have some influence on English, it's stupid to say English "Originated" from the Norman's, because, again, it didn't. The Normans themselves were French speaking Vikings who were most likely a mixture of Frankish/Gaulish Germanic people, along with some other ancestry's
@@Asher-Tzvi Thanks, God.
That’s interesting, how much of it can you understand? Is it like someone who doesn’t know a language that well trying to speaking to you, or is it like a Catalonian speaking to say someone from Valencia?
For those who want to listen in reverse:
10:30 Modern English
9:17 Early Modern English
7:55 Late Middle English
6:38 Middle English
6:00 Outside Influence: Old Norman
4:38 Old English
3:58 Outside Influence: British Latin
3:20 Outside Influence: British Celtic
1:50 Anglo-Frisian
0:16 Proto-Germanic --> West Germanic
Thanks, man.
British Latin sounds like Spanish
@@drake1312Due to it being part of the Western Romance language family that, at the time it was spoken, was very interconnected so they definitely sounded quite similar, just with local differences between these Western dialects.
"And" will never change. Glory to the "And"!!!
what about the & ?
@@ncmariofan3605 it's been the same
th-cam.com/video/Aa7UTVy2w4M/w-d-xo.html UwUwUwU
*Don't forget "in" and "was".*
It was und
Middle english be like:
In the mid of the table, börkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörkbörk
Hue börk
Börk Hue
Hue Börk
HUE HUE HUE
Börk hue
I'm a native Spanish speaker and when I heard the British Latin I got amazed because I was able to understand almost everything.
Weird, I did think the language was way more familiar to me than old English, but I still didn't understand anything.
Same as a Portuguese speaker 😍
Same
When you think of "Latin" you usually think of the Imperial language of the Roman Empire...British Latin however, isn't exactly the same thing. It's a form of vulgar Latin, meaning that the pronunciations and spelling of words would have been viewed as incorrect to a proper Latin speaker. Regional differences.
It's mostly because English borrowed alot of old French and Latin vocabulary during the Norman invasion and on top of that English and Spanish are linguistically related splitting away from each other from west indo-european ro proto germanic and proto italic
This is why I love the TV show Vikings, although inaccurate with a lot of the history, it is accurate with the languages. You’ll see English characters speaking in old English when talking to a non English speaking Norsemen.
It's not always a perfect attempt (the Norse is just Icelandic, some of the OE is wrong and the phonology is iffy, the best but worst pronounced is definitely Old French) but you know what, they tried and I actually really appreciate that
No it’s not
"Yong she was and yet nat so"
Roasted...
It’s actually a compliment.
@@ZenFox0 What would he know lol
Could be a compliment or an insult depending on the context. It's like saying "that's sick", it either means you're awesome or a monster.
How is that a roast?
@@redeye4516 i mean in this context she's like 3000 but looks 20 so it's a nice compliment
Id like to hear them argue about coconuts.
Who?
@Zephyx oh
And maybe have them talk about how an African swallow can carry a coconut (from Africa to England) than a European swallow
Eruanna Undómiel What? A swallow carrying a coconut? A five ounce bird could not carry a one pound coconut! Well at least not by a European swallow...
@@DragonRazor9283 😆, I'm so glad someone recognized the reference. Also...
Guard 2: It could be carried by an African swallow!
Guard 1: Oh yeah. An African swallow, maybe -- but not a European swallow, that's my point.
Future English be like:
Center 'f th' table, 'genst th' wovn cloths on th' wall, there wuz a cher unde' a canpi, and fine-lookn grl sat there, lookin damn strait like a truewoman, that king Edmund thot that sh' wuz one 'f hiz close reltivs. Sh' wuz yung but nah. Th' braids 'f her dark haer wazn't tuchd by frost, her white arms and cleer face wuz flawls and smooth, and th' starlight wuz in her brite eyez, as the cloudls nite; but she lookn like a queen, she lookn like she knows lots 'f thingz thru th' years she's livd.
Top her brow her head wuz covrd with a cap of silvr, lace nettd with lil gems, glitt'ring white; but her soft grey robe was not boujee but haz a silvr leaves on 'er belt. He neva seen nor thot of such lovli-lookn being; he was shook and feeln shy that he wuz sitt'n on th' king's table with a fine-az grl.
Oh, you made me laugh with this hehehe
English is being killed. 90% of comments on this site write in broken English because children are more likely to make spelling mistakes.
Bri'ish tommy be like
@@scipioafricanus133 😂😂😂🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐🧐✨😏😏😏😅😂😂😂😐😐😐😂😂😂😂😂😭😭😭🥳🥳🥳🥳🥳✨🤫👌👌👌👌👌✌✌✌✌😅
Dear God I hate the influence of "AAVE"
I learned that basically If I time travelled, I would be killed for not understanding a thing before 13-14th century 🤦🏻♀️
I was not able to understand anything before the 15th century...
*Standard English in the future:*
_"She sittin' right there under dat Dank ass table lookin' like a queen all hot and white like, finna go ask her out"_
Our language is going to sound Shakespearean to them
She sat on her chick-ass and bitchin' about her life troubles, i ask her "dude wtf, are you doing?"
Relax dude, i'm chilling, wanna some fresh or smoothie? "
@@srenburggromisson7210 sound like she vibin'
In de mihl a’ de taybl faysin de fabclofs on de wohl, wer a cher unner a canpy, an der sitted a purdy lil theng, an cus dey luhked so muhj lahk de chik vezhun a’ de kang, Edmun gesst dah dey were close fambly ta his. Dey were kahnna yuhng but kahnna nat. De brays dey hehr were untuched ba frahst, dey wahd orms an nahs feys wer on poin an de stahrlahd wer in dey ahs, grey lahk n’unclowded naht; wevver dey luhked sa fahn an offish an wid smorts n’nollidge, seym wey sum…
@@theskv21 Yeah that's more accurate
@Britannia You might want to consider how global English dialects will start converging in the near future due to increased globalization
You guys don't know how good this timing is. I have a presentation in a month in English class and it's about the evolution of English. I will 100% use this video in the presentation, of course with crediting ABAlphaBeta for all his help!
*WE DID IT BOIS! I finally did my English presentation about the history of the English language, I got an A!*
Dᛞ Uᚢ Wᚹ Aᚨ Nᚾ Gᚷ Cool you guys actually study English in English! We just write stuff and learn about everything except English
@@emiliocarver2061 Well, it was more like that I asked my teacher if we could learn about the history of English so for 1 or 2 hours. She then told me I could make a presentation about it if I want. So no, sadly we don't learn about the history of English, also not about the history of German in German class. But still I'm looking forward to it.
Dᛞ Uᚢ Wᚹ Aᚨ Nᚾ Gᚷ Oh that cool and unfortunatel
**inhale deeply through nose**....... AOOOOOO
I swear I was talking abt this shit and it’s in recommended the phones always listening it’s creepy
Wtf, as a french native speaker I can understand literally everything of the Old Norman version
C'est plutôt proche de l'ancien français et du coup du français - pareil pour le norman moderne
That's because the Old English language was influenced by the Old Norman language. It's basically a mix.
You also have to understand that the Norman's, at that time, invaded England and this had an influence on the Wnglidh language. Of course there's more to it than that, though.
As a Native English speaker, I was thinking What the Fuck is going on!!! hahaha
MOI AUSSI C’EST TELLEMENT ÉTRANGE
4:00 I speak Portuguese and I managed to understand literally everything that is written there, this is amazing, I speak british latin and didn't know
You speak “British”
sounds like the current lenga d'oc
Basically if you travel back in time beyond the 15th century, you will be utterly lost
Nah. For conversational language you'd probably be fine. That stuff remains fairly consistent aside from some unknown words and idioms.
@@skyworm8006 close your eyes and listen to middle English. Reading it is easier.
@@mavenfeliciano1710 WOW THAT INSTANTLY MAKES IT INACCURATE CORRECT? It's interpreted based on texts of the time and how languages and sounds evolve over time. That literally does not automatically make it non-historical nor inaccurate.
not if u understand spanish, bc english used to have a lot of Latin and as a spanish speaker, i understood bit of it...but otherwise we're screwed
Even if you speak the language you'll still probably be lost.
The past is a dangerous and alien place.
4:03 Wtf I'm a Spanish speaker and I can literally understand A LOT of things there, I think almost the whole text lmao, it's so similar to Latin.
Latin language it's the mother of European language
@@MARMAR-xw6gj *only half of western europe.
6:01 and this one sound so French lol
@@benduera8650 that's because Normand is a Langue d'oïl like French
I speak English and Spanish and I can just barely understand. I can hear some words
Tabla
Familia
Cavello
Brasos
Suave
Gris
Informa
Blanco
Falta
About it
I feel like this video, great though it is, has neglected the transition from old to middle English. It jumps from c.10th century English to c. late 14th century, and the two forms are dramatically different.
So… I decided to bridge the gap! Here are two intermediate stages of the language, which can be described as Transition English (or Semi-Saxon) and Early Middle English, respectively.
c.1150:
In þe bordes middle, wiþ wefen riften uppon þe walle, wæs an setl under selde, and þǽr sat an lafediȝ faȝer tó beséon, and alse wæs sce in maȝdenhád swá þe kynge þæt Edmund wénde þe sce wæs of his néhste kynne. Ȝung sce wæs ac ne swilc. Þá iwunden lokkes hire dunne hǽres nǽren irínen bí nán froste, hire hwíte armes and briht nebb wemmlǽse wǽren and sméþe, and steorrelém wæs in hire lihte égen, al swá græȝ swá wolkenlǽs nihte. Ac cuénlic me þuhte sce, and iþoht wæs in hire isihþ and andȝet, al swilc als án þe cnéow maniȝ þing þá þá ȝǽr bringen.
Bufen hire brúwe wráh án cappe hire hǽfed of seolfren ibroȝden seoleke mid smale ȝimmen on nette isett, hwíte glysniende; þǽh hire softe græȝ kyrtel næfde ná maþem búten ánne gyrdel of seolfrene lǽfes iwroht. Swilc winsumnesse in cuike wihte næfde Edmund nǽfre ǽr ne isegen nowþer næfde hé swá ifúnden on his móde; and him wæs eȝþer ȝe wundor ȝe scame þá fúnde hé þe hé hæfde setl æt þe kynges borde onmáng al þis folke swá héh and faȝer.
c.1250:
I þe bordes middle, aȝenes weven riftes upon þe walle, was a setel under a selde, and þer sat a levdí fair tó besén, and swo ilíche was sche in wimmanlíhede tó þe king þat Edmund wénde þat sche was of his néxstfolde. Ȝung sche was and ȝét nouȝt swo. Þe iwunden lockes of hire dunne here neren irínen bí no frost, hire whíte armes and briȝt semblant wemlese weren and sméþe, and sterrelém was in hire liȝte éȝen, al se grai swo skiles niȝt. Ak quénlí me þuȝte sche, and iþouȝt was in hir isiȝþ and andȝet, al swich as on þe havþ iknowen maní þing þat þe ȝeres bringen.
Buve hire brú a cappe wroȝ hire heved of selvere ibroiden selek mid smale ȝimmes a nette iset, whíte glisnende; þouȝ hire soft grai kirtel nadde no ornement búte onne girdel of selvrene leves iwrouȝt. Swich lufsumlék i quike wiȝte nadde Edmund nevere er isén nowþer nadde hé swo ifúnden a his móde; and him was eiþer ȝe wnder ȝe angoise þanne fúnde hé þat hé hadde setel at þe kinges borde among al þis folke swo héȝ and fair.
I’d like to emphasise I still really enjoyed the video - this is a fascinating demonstration of how English has evolved, and the pronunciation is, for the most part, very good. Also, great choice of sample text!
0:20 Proto Germanic
1:50 Anglo Frisian
3:17 Outside influence British Celtic
3:58 Outside influence British Latin
4:36 Old English
5:58 Old Norman
6:40 Middle English
7:55 Late Middle English
9:18 Early Modern English
10:29 Modern English
English now:oi you got a license for that?
English now: “u fakkin’ wot, m8”
Deniz Metinoğlu T. Ja
@@denizmetint.462 wtf are you saying weeb
Also English now: ‘Sup dude, what’s goin on bro?
IDontCare ,says the guy with a Naruto play list
Me: hey what's the wi-fi password
Friend: oh it's on the back of the router
Back of the router: 0:17
True
LMAO I CANT STOP LAUGHING XD
sei italiano?
@@VIC-dt2gn sì
HAHAHAHAHHAAHHAHAH WHY DO I FIND THIS SO FUNNY
It's crazy how much english has changed throughout the centuries. And it's also amazing how it was developing into such a beautiful language. Man, how I love this language.
It's a very basic language not beautiful.
@@seher7280 Not being basic doesn't mean it is beautiful ;)
Español mas mejor
@@IsaiasPiedrasanta Estoy estudiando español actualmente. Me gusta mucho esto idioma!
@@luscao8444
How its beutiful language. More like clear language to understand and learn, but english isent as beutiful language.
1900: "They incorrectly believe that this is an atypical state of affairs."
1975: "People don’t think it be like it is, but it do."
As someone who speaks English and Spanish, it was fascinating to see few similarities I recognized in the evolution of the language.
Michael Reinke I found the British Latin much easier to understand than the Anglo Frisian
It is really weird tho. I was able to understand Spanish much earlier than the English in this video and I speak both fluently
@@cristeromexico3366 It's because of the Norman French influence on English that changed its vocabulary profoundly. Spanish, on the other hand, did not undergo such radical change.
@@jhonrydc110 makes perfect sense
Jhonry DC 😮
What once was an island dialect of Proto-Germanic spoken by some obscure tribe has evolved into a complex and sophisticated language, influenced by many others, now spoken all over the world and the INTERNET by millions of people, and many more as a lingua franca.
Now that is badass.
@Alexis Fitzroy how is English easy to learn?
I think it was already Old English or close to it by the time the Anglo Saxons got to the island.
On the contrary I think the old Germanic was much more sophisticated just like the old proto Indoeuropean language. What has happened is that the language has shed a lot of complexity and become much more simple and less sophisticated. Just listen to the language and you can instantly appreciate the richer tonality etc I dont know anything about linguistics but can instantly see a brighter more complex fabric of a language in front of me.
@@luisromanlegionaire common trend. You know, russian seems to be a simplified version of old russian (and church slavonic).
English basically came from Anglo Saxon, west germanic language. However with the French or Norman influence, the language really shifted substantially that no one can really understand medieval English
Someone said in English "German is a stupid language, no one should ever speak it"... The language they're speaking is originated from German....Such a brave thing to say!
We all agree that English is the most messed up language of Europe, neither German nor Italian (among others) suffered so many changes as English.
It certainly has the one of the strangest histories, and I'd say that english today is a completely different language today than it was 1000 years ago
1000ad Polish is semi-intelligible for a modern Pole, while English is completely incomprehensible for a modern englishman
I think you mean the most evolved language?
Only languages I here with almost the same "r" as English are the Chinese languages
Argentinus Maximus italian did Not change at all pratically
I coulda sworn he said "hinga dinga durgen"
Leif Erikson day!
Lol 🤣😂 🤣🤣😂🤣😂🤣😂
deidre milsap bruh what does that translate to?
James Tyler It's not a real sentence, it's a Spongebob reference 😂
Candice Honeycutt I did not realize the joke.
4:00 Muito parecido com o português e espanhol, muito interessante, Consegui entender a maioria das coisas
As a welsh speaker, I recognised many words and phrases in the British Celtic part. It’s incredible that the language has evolved, keeping many words!
0:18: English Traditional
10:32: English Simplified
English only got more convoluted and complex as time went on. I don't think you really know what you're talking about.
@@Sheerspeechcraft
I'm genuinely curious so please don't read too much into my tone.
What made it more complicated, because I thought that English used to have gendered speech and way more conjugations than it does today? Was it just the amount of words that made it more complicated or did something change grammatically that made it more complicated as well?
Cheers!
Psycling i think its more that the spelling of words is SO different from how there spoken as well as the large amount of slang and idioms used in every day speech.
@@Sheerspeechcraft In some ways, yes, in other ways no. Orthography in Modern English is a mess (since it's still based on Middle English pronunciations) and the amount of loans and roots from different languages (with sometimes abnormal rules as far as pluralization and such) makes learning it a headache for people not coming from a Germanic or Romance language. But grammatically, it's greatly simplified from Old English due to the Norse and Brythonic influences drastically trimming the case system and making grammar overall easier.
If English had modern spellings and vocabulary, but with preserved Old English grammar, it would probably be the perfect nightmare to learn (all it'd be missing is tones)
TRUE
My italian classmates: "English is the hardest language to learn"
Old english: am i a joke to you?
😂
Your Daddy Onceler your wrong my daddy is O’hare
@@mr.mcnuggies 😯
Your Daddy Onceler 👌
Sara V. English is the easiest language to learn though?
Prayers for the person who speak english for the past 2,721 years
It was amazing, especially the voice-over. Can't believe You have a grip on all these modifications of the language!
Thank You, it's informative and helpful. I'm grateful You mentioned outside influences.
British Latin sounds like Spanish with a pinch of Brythonic influence.
NostalgiaKarl K.F.
Funny that.
There was a group of Celts and goths in the classic age and dark ages
Yes that's cuz spanish french and italian are latin languages english is not
That's what I was thinking too
I hear it!
They used to roll their R's
trill*
@@TheVarrio im pretty sure that trilling and rolling your r's is a diffrent thing
@@TheVarrio same thing
Both trilling (rh ) and rolling (R[rr])- still used in Welsh
1:38
This word, "kuningas" is still a modern Finnish word meaning "king"
It was loaned from Proto-Germanic and has stayed the same
one of the most amazing videos I've ever ever ever seen. As someone who's always been interested in linguistics but never pursued. This is as mystifying as it is revealing. Thank you
Its crazy how much English has changed over time, I wonder how English will sound like in the future. 👀👽
I FEAR what English will sound like in the future. It will be an ugly mix of African-American Vernacular, Spanglish and Muslim theology. Our ancestors will not understand Shakespeare, Whitman, Hemingway... The past will be erased and forgotten.
@@howtubeable Why would English sound like African, Spanish and Muslim? The past will not be erased because everything always recorded. English will never be erased language due to being one the most used language on Earth.
Howard Wiggins, a little more ignorant and bigoted, and the world might actually implode. What english accent are you defending, anyways? Which of them do you consider to be the 'worthy' one? The American, Canadian, Australian, British or the Irish one (among others)? Maybe neither of those? Oh, sure, but the African-American, Latin-American or Middle Eastern accent might destroy english.
Howard Wiggins Why would that mix be ugly??
Dn wana no, sumn li dis prolly
I feel that I would learn more if the order was reversed
I agree.
Same
This video was nothing but, music to my ears! The accents, and the pronunciations, were truly spot on.
This past year I studied History of English and again I have to say you nailed the main sound changes! Particularly want to applaud your pronunciation of the early development of diphthongs in Early Modern English
As someone who speaks both Swedish and English and studied Latin for 5 years, this is trippy af
Tack så mycket
Jävala Hete (think I remember how that spells sorry if I spell it wrong I forgot how to spell it)
Samma här
Dood im learning Swedish, and it defenetly sounds similer to me
No surprise as, from a base stand point. All three come from, relatively the same place.
it’s cool how you can hear the german sounds slowly disappear as time went on, especially after it “combined” with norman
Norman invasion in 1066 is the event I would change if I was given the option.
They weren’t German sounds. Germanic isn’t the same.
@@Sheerspeechcraft why changes this its ours history
It sounded very German in the beginning
In german language we often use s and rolling r
I’m watching this with no headphones, my mom probably thinks I listen to a satanist prayer
Accurate and excellent choice of music! Especially David Russell at the end!
900: yöu ær þe ræsóm
1300: yœ ár þá ræsôn
1600: thou art the rèason
2000: you are the reason
2500: yolo tho raspo
3500: yoyo lolo popo
10000: märįø kårt
Ingliʃ in ðe fyucā will bi rittn mō andėstendĕbl wei. It will bi veri hād fō ðem tu rīd old Ingliʃ.
50000: Shot da fock op fam
100000: Fjnt bìīínkl frjåfbà zlòúeÿœ
200020: whï u gáe
80000000:wči æj
Me: mom can I have English ?
Mom: no there's English at home
English at home :
"you father and I paid good money each version of english NOW START SPEAKING PROTO-NORMAN-LATE-MIDDLE-SLIGHTLY TO THE LEFT ENGLISH."
Not funny
Students doing a presentation
What the student has in his head: 10:34
What the student actually says when called to the board: 0:17
I like how it seems that the speech pattern and inflection has remained, while the actual sounds and words have changed.
English in the future will be acronyms and emojis.
Coaster Weirdo it’s widely spoken in the world now, so I think it won’t change much
Meibi, Ingliʃ in ðe fyucā will bi rittn mō andėstendĕbl wei. It will bi veri hād fō ðem tu rīd old Ingliʃ.
@@kotako-san Iym sōrprėsed I cud andėstend yōr rĕplai.
Coaster Weirdo thats not how language works. All languages evolve. Look at all the regional dialects spoken around the world, they are so different from standerd english that in a few hundred years, I wouldnt be suprized if they becom different languages.
@@zestiestzest I found out that "reply" must be read "replai" not "repli" thanks to you (>_
0:18 Germanic
1:52 Anglo-Frisian
3:20 British Celtic (Outside influence)
3:58 British Latin (Outside influence)
4:38 Old English
6:00 Old Norman (Outside influence)
6:42 Middle English
7:56 Late Middle English
9:20 Early Modern English
10:30 Modern English
*Late Modern English (2000 CE - today)*
Mid-table against the woven cloths on the wall, there was a chair under canopy where a fair lady sat who was so like in womanhood to the king that Edmund guessed she was a close relative of his. She was young yet wasn't, her dark braids were untouched by frost, her pale arms and face were smooth and flawless, the starlight in her eyes was gray like a clear night and she looked queenly with consideration in her glance like she had some knowledge gained over the years.
Her head above brow was covered with a silver lace cap netted with small white gems but her soft gray robe had nothing on it except for a silver-wrought leaf-girdle. He never saw or imagined such loveliness in a living thing before and was surprised and abashed to learn he had a seat at the king's table with all such high fair folk.
Correction: She was young, but actually no.
Another correction. It's AD not CE
I'm disappointed the potty-mouthed one-line "standard English in the future" was the one that got ABAlphaBeta's heart and those thousands of likes.
@@CadetGriffin: ???
I probably should've waited until after more replies come in.
Ta sae muckle fur posting, ah loue thae leid evolution videos! 🙏🏾
As a French native speaker, I find the Old Norman language more intelligible than the Old, or even the Late Old French in your video about the evolution of the French language. It would be great to have the translation of the same texts in all the languages. Great job though.
700BCE-200BCE: 0:18
200BCE-200CE: 1:52
400-600: 3:22
200-700: 3:59
400-1170: 4:38
800-1400: 6:01
1115-1540: 6:43
1430-1540: 7:57
1470-1650: 9:21
1800-Today: 10:32
Underrated
In the 1000s sound like Spanish
Thank you 🙏🏻
what about 1650-1800 ?
In a weird way it also shows the development of the British accent throughout history
It hit me hard when he said "weetah leetah blinkans" at 1:16 😔😔😔
Hahahaha best comment ever
Haha
Almost sounds like Jar Jar gibberish.
Hinga dinga durgen
Hwītalīka blinkandz 😳😳🙈
Old English is where I was able to make way more guesses that were correct when hearing a more familiar language later. It was still practically unintelligible to me. But my guesses were improved greatly here
I absolutely love the text in Middle and Early Modern English. Bloody lovely they are.
I'm sure this took a lot of research and practice time to say it so smoothly! Thank you for your efforts!!
That's Dedication.
Yes its good to know how to speak the Old English
Germanic seemed too fast sadly.
Honestly the old English sounds more interesting than the modern English..
Kazuchii sounds like French
hwrefht whroftift lehfrorf
@@kaishianchang Old English sounded absolutely nothing like French! It was purely Germanic at that time with no French influence at all. Middle English did but not Old English. It sounds like its Norse and German brothers.
@@leod-sigefast Things were not that simple,though..rewind the video back to the Old English part, and compare it to Old Franconian/Frankish;
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankish_language#Influence_on_Old_French_and_Middle_Latin
Old Frankish was a Germanic language. Heck, the Franks were of Germanic descent! Only now, do the French people speak a Romance language. A thousand and 2 hundred years ago, you could not make such claim. The Franks totally assimilated themselves into the society they were living in by absorbing the cultures of the Celtic tribes that preceded them, and their Roman past overlord, becoming a melting pot of cultures.
Maybe its because we never heard it before and we are more used to modern english? Idk.
A question for native english speakers: When you start to understand or how was for you each stage?
If I wasn't a historian and semi-amateur linguist I would say I'd not understand before Early Modern. When I was 13 and we studied him I could definitely not make sense of Chaucer, now I can read his Tales in the original language - I'm comfortable reading OE and fully capable of reading most Middle English
@@ABAlphaBeta This is very intriguing.
Middle English was when I began to get an idea on what it was saying but I still have trouble
@@wapple4240 yeah me too.
@@wapple4240 Likewise
Absolutely lovely video to listen to.
Love your narration, pronunciation and just the sound of your voice in general. Wish you would have narrated a little contextual understanding or set-up before each section. As in explaining what changes were taking place with each evolution or iteration of the language. All in all it was a fantastic video. I enjoyed hearing the melodic quality of the older versions and that of your voice as well.
Now all we need to do is get you, Simon Whistler, of the "Today I Found Out" Channel, Simon Roper, or Leornand Eald Englisc, together in 1 spot to do a collab!!
Some of these other channels talk about the differences but none of them do a thorough enough job (all in one sitting) for me to make heads or tails of what they are describing. Not a slight towards any of them. In fact I LOVE each and every one of their channels. It's just that I wish they would provide viewers with more spoken demonstrations all at once.
The most anticipated video of the millennium is finally here!
Lil John I’m agree
Most anticipated crossover ever
123 likes i cant ruin it
9:27 sounds like a drunk elderly northern irish person speaking
LMAOO
I LOVE Ancient dialect
As a passionate about History, i find this video is very learningly. It is interesting to read, listen to the origins of English. It's kinda poetic to hear the very ancient English. I was smiling at the Old Norman part. I'm belgian ( i speak french ) haha.
btw, sorry for my english, haha.
Thanks to sharing us this great one.
Why British latin seems like Spanish?😂
yeah wtf
Idk Spanish is everywhere
Because Don Quijote was the first King of England.
Yeah I notice this 😆
Study the history of Britain. 😅
7:13 and they said "thingies" isn't a word
In spelling. Listening closely, it seems to be pronounced: "Thing-yez".
@nuggetboi McKermit Yea a half thought out joke that wouldn't make sense if you said it instead of writing it. That joke? Yea, right.
@nuggetboi McKermit There is a right and wrong for everything in life. Clearly, if you saw the video, they give the correct pronunciation. Back then the word isn't pronounced the way we would now. Its a correction I'm doing. It is an actual word of the time, compared to a made up, childish, slang of sorts; for the same word, now a days.
@nuggetboi McKermit Ruin what joke? If it's funny, laugh. If you caught the same detail that I caught, agree. Why waste your time fussing? Go on with your day. I know I'm not wrong. It was just a detail I pointed out. Let it bother whoever it does. It's truth.
@nuggetboi McKermit At least you get the point that facts are facts. On the other hand, ever think that maybe not everyone is all games? That's how comedians get away with slipping in their views into their comedy and because "it's a joke", no one fact checks. That's when jokes stop being funny and it turns into misinformation. I'm explaining something more profound. Something that affects society as a whole. As for this post, relax. I clarified the truth because it helps those who didn't bother to check or didn't catch the detail.
My god, I can’t even begin to put into words just how fascinating all of this is! ☺️
So crazy to slowly understand it more and more
Hmm, it seemed like British Latin and Old Norman were more easily recognizable than Old English (I have studied Latin and Spanish before, maybe that helped?)
I was about to say so myself! Of course I'm biased from my Latin/Romance background. Had Great Britain, or at least what we know as England, remained in the Roman sphere, British Latin would had evolved as a Romance language. Maybe it would be called Britannic or Britannicu.
It makes all the sense, because incredibly, britsh latin is very similar to spanish and portuguese (I'm a native speaker of the second one). But I'd wish to know from wich ancestor language comes the plural designated for "s".
I think you're right there; I've taken classes on those two as well but I think it may also have to do with how both seem to have softened Old English's emphasis on hard syllables; British Latin in particular seems much more bring out the Latin language's emphasis on "shorter" vowels, so to speak-- lots of short "a"s and "e"s, with long "o"s not being particularly emphasized when said in the middle of a word.
Definitely the Sermo Vulgaris spoken in Roman Britannia was closer to the direct ancestor of modern Spanish than to any other recognizable language spoken today.
@@RafaelRabinovich eres judio ashkenazi?
That moment you realize it was the same text being quoted
oh
Thank you! This appears to have taken much work!
How did you ever put this video together? Cause this is undoubtedly one of the most fascinating videos on TH-cam...
6:02 That’s 100% french “au milieu de la table” (in the middle of the table)
Norman invasion / William the conqueror
pixialisims That’s because it’s Norman French, not English
En medio de la tabla (Spanish).
Lol
@@pablogarcia3461 de hecho la traducción sería «En el medio de la mesa»
Yea that one looks pretty similar to French
2000: "Not really!"
2014- : "YEET!"
@Coaster Weirdo oh what does it mean?
@Coaster Weirdo no! No one uses it that way. Who says yeet for that?
@Coaster Weirdo well whatever.
@Coaster Weirdo yeet is ONLY used when throwing an object with great strength and power.
@Coaster Weirdo yes, I was there when the video was just starting to grab popularity, this is the well known and widely accepted definition.
Audamundō, âdǎmundū, Edmondo, Ēadmund, Edmund, Edmunde, Edmunde, Edmund and Edmund: *who is this Llawffalch character*
Very interesting and worthwhile video.
For those saying the Old English segment is hard to see as anything like today’s English, bear in mind that the way the words are written is different, and that large portions of the words in the passage still exist, albeit evolved. For the last sentence, for instance, I had comparatively little trouble understanding (5:25):
...tō findan thæt he hæfde setl at the cyninges meteborde amang allum þissum folcum swā hēaum and fægrum.
...to find that he had settle (“seat”) at the king’s meet board (“table”) among all these folk so high and fair.
Even for much of the first sentence of that paragraph, it was not especially hard to see what was being said, especially since modern English still has many of the same words (5:25):
Onbufan hiere brūwe hiere hēafod... wæs wiþ cæppan of silfrene...
Modern English:
Above her brow her head...was with cap of silver...
With a little digging and with some sharpened ears, it’s not so hard to see the resemblance. The grammar is definitely more complex, but even if you look at Shakespeare’s works, it’s not so hard to see how English’s grammar didn’t just change like that overnight.
Yeah, now try to do that now WITHOUT a comparison-text. It's very hard.
agree. english during king arthur period and after the anglo saxon invasion until now are all almost same. the only thing evolve are the spelling.
Can you make the evolution of portuguese? I'm fluent, but I can't understand the medieval songs without subtitles.
That would be interesting (btw I'm portuguese
@@Mariana-qb1gj That would be more interesting for me (I'm Brazilian so...)
That would be cool. If I'm not mistaken, Galician and Portuguese were once one and the same, so it would be intriguing to see how they diverged with time.
Who care about Portuguese??
@@pensatoreseneca ☝️ Everyone who wrote comments before you did seem to care
It was like I uncovered more of the story each time a new version of English was read.
*Modern english:*
_You look beautiful to me._
*Postmodern english:*
_Yeah, you got that yummy-yum_
_That yummy-yum, that yummy-yummy_
*2100: Dem boy dere*
Don't forget Whomst've and all of the 'nt words
Bro I'm dying 😂😂😂
Some english speaker 300 years from now: "Me wisht thats we stile spoken like modarn anglish. Sooch a pretty sund, it had."
That sounds like a Scottish guy doing English
300 years from now, English will be extinct. It will devolve into African-American Vernacular, Spanglish and Arabic.
@@howtubeable why exactly are you afraid of europeans becoming a minority? What, is it because minorities are treated badly or something?
@@horricule451 And why are you assuming he's saying that?
@@arnantphongsatha7906 they're bringing white genocide BS into the conversation. I think it's a pretty safe assumption.
6:55. Finally something I understand.
Is nobody talking about how soothing this is. I could fall asleep to this!
4:00 Translation to Spanish:
En el medio de la mesa (tabla) contra los trapos bien cosidos arriba del muro, había una silla debajo del pabellón, y sentaron una dama que se veía rica, y se veía que estaba en sus buenos días hacia el rey Edmundo que adivinó que era un relativo cercano. Ella era joven, pero no tanto. Los rizos de su cabello negro no fueron tocados ni por la helada, sus brazos blancos y cara bonita eran indescriptibles, y suaves, y las estrellas estaban en el reflejo de sus ojos, así como el reflejo de una noche abierta.
my english teacher: explain the literary significance of this sentence
the sentence: 0:18
1900: He is dead.
2000: He's dead
2050: He's ded
2100: They es ded
2200: Dey es ded
2300: Dey's ded
2400: Dey's ted
2500: Dey's tet
The jump from Old English to Middle English is huge.
a long time ago: to be or not to be
Now: *Don't you know how to flush a toilet after you've had a shet?*
It wasn't me
DES GUS TENG
Nah, that's Scots
King of anxiety well it was fokin one a yus
We’ve devolved
Odd to see the word "kuningas" spoken in proto/west Germanic. Modern Finnish still has the word "kuningas" in common use and it means "king"
Some Uralic languages in Russia still retain archaic IE loanwords no longer in use in IE languages. There may even be archaic Sanskrit words in Tamil dialects.
I'm indonesian and i know that "koeningen" means king in dutch
I find humorous when people think everything is New, these days. Everything is repeated and recycled.
Most European languages are connected to each other. Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish all have several very English-sounding aspects them. Other Germanic languages do as well.
in estonian kuningas also means king
It's amazing that this was once English, I can't understand a word of old English. It's a completely different language! I expected to understand a little but I'm completely lost in the first few variations
This is frightfully good!