Understanding Broadband Technologies

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 ก.พ. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 416

  • @vlatkori
    @vlatkori 11 ปีที่แล้ว +235

    To all the "perfect" guys that comment here about the mistake on the board (1 bit = 8 bytes) let me break it down to you. If you've watched the video and listened to it carefully you'll hear that he actually says 1 byte = 8 bits, he just made a mistake while writing it, which it can happen to anybody. Also if you've read the description bar you would have noticed that the mistake was pointed out and it has been corrected. So out of 1 hour lecture he makes a single mistake, which he actually corrects it and you just complain about it instead of thanking this man for the knowledge that he shares with us FOR FREE!

    • @andrewfranklin93
      @andrewfranklin93 10 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      well said

    • @dsbuckeye
      @dsbuckeye 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      8 bits = 1 byte.

    • @abdulvaseem5050
      @abdulvaseem5050 10 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Well said to all the Perfect guys..

    • @mariosziaks8418
      @mariosziaks8418 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      he made a serious mistake apart from the bit/byte thing that anyone can make.....he does not know what sychronous and asychronous is....which is a thing than you learn in the first class of any computer science/networking/telecomunications course....

    • @teabobaggins2909
      @teabobaggins2909 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Telecommunications*

  • @brandonkruger9040
    @brandonkruger9040 3 ปีที่แล้ว +26

    School of Eli! This man has taught me more than my degree has, thanks for still being relevant in 2021 kudos to you bro.

    • @fare4900
      @fare4900 ปีที่แล้ว

      Awesome!
      Which degree did you get? 😀

    • @jeffz7310
      @jeffz7310 ปีที่แล้ว

      literature@@fare4900

  • @weslaycock466
    @weslaycock466 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Best mentor on TH-cam by a long shot.

  • @anupamdash1102
    @anupamdash1102 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is supreme and near eternal humanitarian service. His playlists are for *anybody* who understands spoken english.
    Thanks for your sacrifices Eli.

  • @MsPrettierthanpink
    @MsPrettierthanpink 11 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Eli the Great! thank you. You're true,genuine and real SMART guy because you share your knowledge. Real Smart person shares knowledge and explains in a very comprehensive way.

  • @lordsalisbury1
    @lordsalisbury1 13 ปีที่แล้ว

    I love, love, LOVE these tutorials! It's so nice to have a tech guy who explains things properly without being condescending. You sir, are a diamond.

  • @AnthonyMitchelltrueblue33
    @AnthonyMitchelltrueblue33 10 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I just wanted to say thank you.....Eli....I always watch your videos to keep my fresh in the Industry.

  • @griffmustard
    @griffmustard 10 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Eli is human after all.........LOL!!
    Thanks again ELI for sharing your knowledge, you are appreciated!

    • @ink5473
      @ink5473 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      +Griff Mustard LOL, nice one

  • @maspoetry1
    @maspoetry1 4 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    **Basics**
    (Internet == Cloud)
    2:20 1 byte = 8 bits
    units of information.
    4:40 sync vs async
    download = upload -> sync connection. d!=u is asynchronous.
    5:40 LATENCY = TIME
    time for a packet to reach the other end.
    Good: L < 30ms. (satellite is >600ms)
    www.whatismyip.com/internet-speed-test/
    9:00 contract plan
    10:40 static vs dynamic ip
    router has 2 ips.
    you need static for a server. *Ask for it to ISP.*
    14:00 port-service.
    each service use different default port. ex. 80 (web).
    16:00 Service Level Agreement.
    For business you can pay for a written contract.
    **Broadband technologies**
    To carry data from ISP to your modem.
    26:00 T1
    Was good. Old. Expensive.
    Can be used for phone or internet.
    33:30 Carrier Ethernet
    Uses Ethernet Broadband Technology to connect ISP to you.
    35:20 P2P
    Point to Point. Wireless but positional/directional. They put an antenna in your house.
    Sends wireless data to ISP antenna. Move antenna, lose internet/cloud connection.
    39:40 LTE
    Wireless internet/cloud connection for mobile _devices_
    1.5 MB/s speed. Enjoy internet everywhere.
    Like a wap, with no cabling.
    Uses cellular antennas.
    45:00 Digital Subscriber Line, DSL.
    Technology offered by Line-Telephone companies.
    Still up nowadays. Good: you don't share bandwidth with neighbors.
    No need of new infrastructure.
    52:00 Cable
    Share bandwidth with ppl on the same cable line.
    No need of new infrastructure.
    56:30 Fiber Optic Service (FiOS)
    Need expensive new infrastructure.
    59:00 Satellite
    Very high latency (>500ms). Speed is fine.
    Elon Musk is building Starlink.

  • @tisaghchase
    @tisaghchase 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    oh man, you need to do a time lapse montage kind of thing from the beginning to now.
    You have been and continue to be an inspiration and instructor to so many.

  • @marcoreviews
    @marcoreviews 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I was in tears laughing after the intro! Well done Eli!

  • @SusilManchanayaka
    @SusilManchanayaka 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Dear Eli
    Your videos are great. I really like your videos. I am a teacher but I have a knack for IT and related technologies. I usually like watching videos on IT and improve my knowledge. I have watched many of your videos and I know a lot. Tonight. I am studying proxy servers and broadband technologies. I downloaded the two videos. Great work. Keep sharing your knowledge. People benefit from your work. I truly appreciate your hard work and knowledge you have. Many people do not have good knowledge. You are an expert. Keep good work. Upload many videos, please. I learnt many things by watching your nice videos. Hats off to you, Eli.

  • @senthilkuppuswamy2958
    @senthilkuppuswamy2958 10 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    You're awesome Eli. Thanks for the amazing education. long Live. Wishes from India

  • @Legendofmudkip
    @Legendofmudkip 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Although this video is 6 years old the information is still quite relevant. I'm using it to supplement and drill in what I learn in class.

  • @just_crap1381
    @just_crap1381 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    You are a great teacher , at 2024 and your teachings are just superb.
    Thank you sir.

  • @Bring_MeSunshine
    @Bring_MeSunshine 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Had no problem or issue with the basics; the courses I'm doing cover the techinical stuff, too. What makes your vids so informative is the honest consumer critique and the insights this offers to real world IT and the condition, human or otherwise of the environment out there. Failed normal?!? you gotta laugh! Cheers!

  • @penguin7776
    @penguin7776 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Eli, I must say you were a born teacher. With the knowledge and personality you broke it down exactly like it should. I work at a NOC and I need to brush up on things constantly to reinforce my skills. It always is great to hear a "personal spin" on a technical course. It is refreshing and fun.

  • @ColtAshley
    @ColtAshley 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    i have to say the detail you cover topics/subjects...... absolutely the best. with excitement too. awesome.

  • @adamus0007
    @adamus0007 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really enjoy your videos , old classes like this one or new content - used to be daily shows , now once in a while.
    Keep it coming.

  • @wideout185
    @wideout185 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Bless you Eli. All your videos are still great today!

  • @Medalavi
    @Medalavi 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    8 bits = 1 Byte 4:03
    That's his correction, everybody could make mistake, Eli is the Man!

  • @michaelbrooker4265
    @michaelbrooker4265 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very much appreciate the level of organization both on the video and in the video description.

  • @yoitired
    @yoitired 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hey Eli, thanks for all the effort you've put into these videos, I really appreciate it.

  • @tyronenisbett762
    @tyronenisbett762 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Eli. I am pursuing a degree in Information Technology and your videos are assisting me in achieving that goal. When I first started I went on the internet looking for additional knowledge, which i thought your videos provided!

  • @rudy1380
    @rudy1380 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    One knows their trade when they can teach it so well. Great job!!

    • @jonaspaskus6207
      @jonaspaskus6207 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      How can you say that? Nothing he said was correct.

    • @rudy1380
      @rudy1380 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Jonas Paskus You're saying that 100% of what he described was incorrect for the time of video upload? Perhaps you can publish a video that's 100% correct? Please enlighten us.

  • @allenwalker8746
    @allenwalker8746 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    THANK YOU FOR THIS AWSOME CLASSES YOU'RE AN AMAZING GUY, ELI THE COMPUTER GUY, THANKS A LOT, THIS IS AMAZING I WISH YOU COULD MAKE MORE TUTORIALS ON EVERYTHING ABOUT COMPUTERS, I'M SURE THIS CHANNEL WILL GET MILLIONS OF SUBS.

  • @MikeChaseJr
    @MikeChaseJr 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks for these awesome videos! I wish they were more up to date, because I'm noticing that a lot has happened over the last 6 years (wireless ac for example), but these are amazing. Thanks a ton!

  • @adekpedjoudine8507
    @adekpedjoudine8507 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much Mr. Eli....We really appreciate your time and consideration.Stay blessed man.

  • @therealforestelf
    @therealforestelf 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks to you, I finally found a way to study while I'm halfway asleep - huge amount of useful information and I like the format of you just ranting about your topics in one fluent talk. It's ideal to listen to while gaming or having a powernap. you should consider making soundcloud podcasts! there would be many guys waiting for you! keep up that good work! best wishes from Germany

  • @robsonallenchirara
    @robsonallenchirara 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    I like your videos man. You are literally my teacher. Even though 1 byte = 8 bits.

  • @williamthurmond5369
    @williamthurmond5369 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video. Cleared up in an hour what would have cost me $1500 a semester.

  • @sholtalddavid2751
    @sholtalddavid2751 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    No problem here. I think that he did a great job. the bit/byte mistake stuff doesn't mean a thing. I knew what he meant. I am grateful for the content. Great job!

  • @stevieray8450
    @stevieray8450 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Eli, you are definitely the man (or "guy" :P ). Thanks for the great tutorials and lessons on this stuff. Its always been an interest of mine and you make the material real accessible and easy to understand. Your contribution to learners is awesome. Cheers!

  • @kyleconn4679
    @kyleconn4679 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Excellent video. Very informative. I've spent the last 7 years doing civil permitting for FIOS projects. 2017-2018 is the big push by these telecom giants. Billions. They are want to push fiber to individual homes. You'll get a mini node in your house, and the speeds will be insane to put it mildly. Exciting times ahead.

  • @danieldieter4762
    @danieldieter4762 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    It's hilarious how much internet speeds have increased since Eli made this video. 50 Mbps and 100 Mbps were considered top-tier high speed lol

  • @subashla
    @subashla 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    You have a very good teaching skills Eli! I wish my teachers were as talented and skilled as you are. Thank you for your hard work.

  • @FuneralFog88
    @FuneralFog88 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    "Correction: 8 Bits = 1 Byte -- In the overview Eli had a dyslexic moment and switched it."
    I just love this. :D I watch and laugh so hard, saying one thing, writing other :D I know that problem dude. U rock!

  • @kayombo1001
    @kayombo1001 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are the best one i ever seen, keep on posting videos so that you help people and GOD may bless you!

  • @Tentegen
    @Tentegen 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for being awesome Eli! :)

  • @brandonfarfan1978
    @brandonfarfan1978 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey Eli, I just want to say, Thanks for teaching us dude.

  • @mkenda95
    @mkenda95 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    They are getting paid by sponsors, but his classes are great indeed. Keep up the good work Eli!

  • @bjach
    @bjach 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    These Video Tutorial Series. Your Teaching Style. Awesome And Cool. Thanks for all of the videos.

  • @yus5002002
    @yus5002002 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Eli my teacher i learn a lot from your videos thank so much

  • @amoghes
    @amoghes 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    hey..you're a gem..i always go through your videos whenever i get time..
    for this video 19:53 the funniest moment..really..
    thanks a lot for sharing all the talent you have..

  • @Epy23
    @Epy23 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are the boss!! I do not have many friends in the industry so its pretty hard to come across advice and information. Thanks!

  • @jojoc8357
    @jojoc8357 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    You are so great. Thank you so much for taking your time and offering us these wonderful videos. Thank you so much! :D

  • @why7020
    @why7020 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    u have the look of a construction or contractor with the intel of a well u, a good teacher

  • @corytoribio8328
    @corytoribio8328 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome class! Love this guy's passion. I've been takin notes on his lessons.

  • @AnthonyDAmico
    @AnthonyDAmico 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Love the opening intro to this video;)

  • @florencioortiz180
    @florencioortiz180 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Eli,
    I was a little confused about the difference between bit and bytes as I learned about that some times ago in college, great you made correction.
    Anyway great vids, I love it. Keep it up!

  • @cadde20
    @cadde20 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much for broadcasting this astonishing video really enjoyed. Cheers

  • @HungryGuyStories
    @HungryGuyStories 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    If Verizon (56:18) didn't force you to use their crappy equipment and just gave you an ethernet jack at their ONT that I could run a CAT 7 cable from to my router, I'd jump on it in a nanosecond! But for now, I'm load balancing TWC and Comcast into my router to get decent speeds and 99.99999...% reliability.
    P.S. I love your tutorial videos, Eli. I realize the older ones are a bit dated, as people in the comments below are complaining about, but you've uploaded a great many videos over the years and I can understand that keeping them all up-to-date would be nigh impossible. So cheers! :-)

  • @elithecomputerguy
    @elithecomputerguy  13 ปีที่แล้ว

    @shawnofdenver you are correct...

  • @prabhatksuman
    @prabhatksuman 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Eli the smart and intelligent Guy ... thanks a lot :)

  • @NareshEnglishprogramme
    @NareshEnglishprogramme 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    what an explanation sir! i love your all videos lots

  • @divinebrilliance3781
    @divinebrilliance3781 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    8 bits/bytes... he was partially subconsciously correct... he didn't visually and auditorally integrate his subconscious when he physical wrote it. But still amazing in his delivery of challenging data.

  • @oceanspondsandstreamswithd3948
    @oceanspondsandstreamswithd3948 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great videos a lot of help while I'm working towards my degree. Thanks a lot!

  • @deemaalabdulaali3147
    @deemaalabdulaali3147 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    A lot of USEFUL Information ! Thank you !

  • @forestinterlude6806
    @forestinterlude6806 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you so much Mr. ELY i like all your videos a genius man in term of info.tech. keep up the good lectures...

  • @vijhyd1
    @vijhyd1 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Kudos Sirji, ur my network guru - very impressive.

  • @Incarnadine010
    @Incarnadine010 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    He wrote the wrong definition on the board, but verbally said the correct definition. It happens to the best of us ;)

  • @IBMrQm
    @IBMrQm 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    An excellent video covers the topic very well!
    Thanks.

  • @DaveD1O58
    @DaveD1O58 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great information, how ever, watching this several years later 15Mb connection, I chuckled. I average 115Mb connection.

  • @ink5473
    @ink5473 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yay, he showed the correction! I love Eli :0

  • @xaospayne
    @xaospayne 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    39 : 47 ... Oh! Damn It Started Recording ;) .... Eli .. Your Videos Are Not Only Very Interesting And Educational But Its Fun Too...You Rock Man !!!!

  • @zulfiqaralich6136
    @zulfiqaralich6136 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Started taking classes. Keep it up. great stuff.

  • @mohali942
    @mohali942 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you supreme computer guy

  • @obayalattar
    @obayalattar 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    i just dont know how to thank u man !! f**k all my lecturers :P i swear i dont attend their classes, all i have to do is to go to ur channel and browse it, and am 100% sure that i will find it :) u helped me through my career, and my studying :) again and again,, thanks a lot.. best of luck buddy :)

  • @robinssssssss
    @robinssssssss 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi there Eli
    WOW, wonderful computer networking videos; thank you so much!!!

  • @richvanek1363
    @richvanek1363 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    In telecommunications, asynchronous communication is transmission of data, generally without the use of an external clock signal, where data can be transmitted intermittently rather than in a steady stream. Any timing required to recover data from thecommunication symbols is encoded within the symbols.

  • @gflixes
    @gflixes 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks Eli, this is really helpful to me, I want to become an IT pro, please help me on what I can do more. Keep it up Eli, Thank you.

  • @tiralu
    @tiralu 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really like your classes, thank you for making them!

  • @V1N_574
    @V1N_574 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    because lazy people just want to learn everything in one 5 minute videos great quality stuff like Eli channel takes a lot more then 5 minutes cus there's so much to teach and a high quality standard! BTW thanks for your Hard work Eli!!!

  • @TekNexSolutions
    @TekNexSolutions 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for your help Eli

  • @weishen9511
    @weishen9511 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    I understand you perfectly professor !

  • @firemanz3135
    @firemanz3135 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very detailed lessons. Thank you.

  • @LizardanNet
    @LizardanNet 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    You're the best Eli. Thanks for the videos.

  • @aboyapart
    @aboyapart 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    (15:25) About ISP's blocking certain Ports, can they block the port as a transmitter (SERVER) but not as a receiver (CLIENT)? Or are ports block bidirectionally (i.e. when a port is blocked it means that no data related to that port can be transmitted or received)?
    For instance, lets say I want to run a WEB-SEVER from my residence: Can the ISP block data-transmission TO Port 80, so that I cannot provide the service, and at the same time NOT block data-receive FROM Port 80, so that I am allowed to access youtube WEB-PAGE?
    Or once the ISP blocks Port 80, I can neither provide my WEB-SERVER nor access TH-cam?

    • @retartedfreak
      @retartedfreak 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      aboyapart port blocking goes both ways

    • @aboyapart
      @aboyapart 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      thanks.

  • @Lonecat61
    @Lonecat61 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Eli you are great...Thank you!

  • @RujenBajracharya
    @RujenBajracharya 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    excellent video. Can you do more video about limited data internet and how to choose the internet plan

  • @andrewtee
    @andrewtee 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the correction Eli!

  • @TheZ0909
    @TheZ0909 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    good one. I wish it is up to date but still very informative

  • @IanLenathen
    @IanLenathen 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I think symmetrical and asymmetrical are the terms used for upload and download of data ... If upload speed equals download speed - the network is symmetrical... if they are at different speeds; they are asymmetrical. Synchronous and asynchronous has to do with clock speed and data rates --- Asynchronous Transport Mode for example means that data is loading at different rates... with varying time frequencies, while Synchronous Optical Network happens 8,000 times p/second synchronized.

  • @younsilahlou3194
    @younsilahlou3194 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    you are doing a remarkable job ! thank you very much :) awsome Eli the computer guy :)

  • @ThangTran-ug9gk
    @ThangTran-ug9gk 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks so much the interested guy,i hope you will post some ccna guide videos

  • @932dave
    @932dave 10 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    8 bits = 1 byte Thant's the way I've been taught anyway. No big deal but remember that some people think of it this way instead.

    • @dallasjohnson3236
      @dallasjohnson3236 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      ***** no .125 is 1/8th

    • @hammadulhaq1640
      @hammadulhaq1640 10 ปีที่แล้ว

      he did the correction check the description

    • @932dave
      @932dave 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      I know, already wrote the post though.

  • @juansequerae
    @juansequerae 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Eli Thanks for share your kwnoledge with us

  • @shehab-eldinehab1832
    @shehab-eldinehab1832 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Loved it !! .... It really cleared things up for me , Thanks eli :D

  • @lobstar82
    @lobstar82 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    These videos are great. Have you tried grinding out the CCENT/CCNA material with only books? Brutal!
    Thanks Eli

  • @jeffblack904
    @jeffblack904 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great information thanks for sharing.

  • @MrDan.B
    @MrDan.B 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for the information bro keep up the videos I'm learning a lot but just want to confirm about the bits and bytes

  • @farmanali3949
    @farmanali3949 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    fantastic !!!!1 keep it up sir....

  • @muhammad.rafi2012
    @muhammad.rafi2012 9 ปีที่แล้ว +52

    i dont know some one noticed but you wrote 1bit = 8Bytes, however this is other way around :)
    should be 8bits=1Byte

    • @AlainSaintSurin
      @AlainSaintSurin 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      +Muhammad Rafi A little brain confusion as later in the video he says it right. That kind of mix-up happens all the time.

    • @muhammad.rafi2012
      @muhammad.rafi2012 9 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      this little brain confusion could make bigger brain confusion for starter unlike you a master :)

    • @berendoldenburger
      @berendoldenburger 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Muhammad Rafi I wondered that as well

    • @micahsanders7073
      @micahsanders7073 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yeah I was like.... hold on.

    • @Sisyphus.
      @Sisyphus. 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      yeah i check the first wideo about network that hi did and hi says it right 8 bits = 1byte

  • @matto_187
    @matto_187 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hi Eli, Any chance you could do a more up to date one which goes into differences between the dsl family, love your videos been watching your videos for years, helped me pass my CCNA R&S, Security and half way through my MCSA server 2012R2

  • @itsavvy2513
    @itsavvy2513 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks you so much ELI for sharing your knowledge !!! You way of explanation is flawless which makes me your big fan.....I want to have a word with you ......howz it possible..?

  • @kungamusic
    @kungamusic 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    great guy great video - thanks

  • @Jenna5683
    @Jenna5683 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great video! Thank you so much!!

  • @rainbowjellytheband3248
    @rainbowjellytheband3248 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    I HAVE CABLE INTERNET AT MY PLACE.I GOT NO MODEM.WHAT WUD U DEFINE IT BY?

  • @Sonu26tanwar
    @Sonu26tanwar 8 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Yep! u was right 1 bit = 8 bytes ... its really .... really hardest thing to digest :P :)

  • @Rebuilder11
    @Rebuilder11 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    whats the best way to attack the network+ exam?
    You the man eli!