Sean is interested in what his guests have to say, and so am I, but I am just as interested, if not much more, in what Sean himself has to say, so the occasional solo episode is a real treat for curious minds. Thank you Sean and patrons!
@@mrloop1530 I had a two-part point and you just told me that you noticed the first part, and that's all. OK, understood. to reiterate, the second part is where I say that a Sean Carroll solo episode is a real treat, and I stand by it 😎
Dear Professor Carrol. I think this episode was brilliant. For me it was like catching up on the state of the art in theoretical physics. I have a PhD in applied physics and I was always left with the emptiness of not fully understanding the most basic (and hardest to learn) principles of physics. Thank you very much for your work on your podcast, I enjoy every episode while walking the dog.
Make sure you enjoy and appreciate every one of the walks with your dog. My best friend since 13 years left us a few weeks ago and words can not describe how much I miss him.
The way quantum field theory was described here allowed me to finally visualize it in my minds eye, I am very grateful for this. I think you did I great job providing a broad overview of the current state of physics and it was really helpful to an enthusiastic laymen. There is something about connection everything to one another that creates a solid chain of understanding that is difficult to find elsewhere. Thanks!
Sean had and has so much to contribute to the world of physics but he has even more to contribute as a philosopher and conveyor of scientific knowledge. In addition, its wonderful that he accepted the position at Hopkins. He belongs there in that position.
Challenge everything all the time. If you can't defend your theory it probably has weaknesses. The dialog is healthy. Don't attack the person, challenge the idea. Thanks Sean. Healthy dialog.
There isn’t “really” a crisis in physics. There are just certain theorists who are currently making and working on theories that are detached from reality. It isn’t a physics-wide problem. It is not a problem that spans the entirety of any specific sub-field. Just certain scientists working on some very “public” theories are having this problem
Other sensational youtubers: make a 22 min video claiming that physics is in a crisis and physicists are stuck. Sean Carroll: makes a 4 hour 22 minutes video with the full history of physics of the 20th century, a summary of particle physics and cosmology detailed enough for us to understand that there is no physics crisis and encouraging the youth to join the ongoing epic endeavors of modern physics. This channel is honestly one of the best things that happened on TH-cam.
and yet his entire worldview is disproven by the tukdam event that occurred in taipei 2020 which was also the first time such a thing was fully monitored and tested by neuroscientists and others
Most people can't know how things work because they aren't capable of thinking beyond buttons that do everything for them. Especially liberals, who also tend to think that there is no objective truth whatsoever, only subjective truth based on your personal beliefs. i.e. - "I feel like the opposite gender or some random made up pronoun or some entirely different species therefore I am and that's what everyone will call me or I will have a mental breakdown"
@@user-np6tf8zx1u just search tukdam taipei 2020, you will get a few articles and reports. without going into heavy detail what is always externally observable of someone post clinical death undergoing tukdam is the body does not decompose for the duration of the meditation, even in taipei 38c summer weather, the body and skin remains supple and produces sweet fragrance, and heat is generated around the heart region for the duration. when tukdam ends and the subtlest level of mind moves to another object some blood will spill out of the bodys nostril indicating the tukdam has ended, and the body will begin regular decomposition. what was unique about this tukdam was the exceptional skill involved in being able to sustain it for over 30 days (3-5 days is typical, 2 weeks is rare, longer is very very rare). this extended duration also provided the opportunity for lazy western scientists to conduct monitoring and research for the first time on someone undergoing tukdam. they collected a large amount of data in addition to what i listed above, such as measuring spontaneous brain activity activation weeks post clinical death.
I understood exactly 6 and 1/2 words of this but I loved hearing it and imagining the concepts and processes that led to the discoveries. Ain't us humans grand?
I was just kind of listening to this as background information until Sean Carroll started getting into the lattice that provides a discrete structure for complex quantum systems, serving as the foundation for quantum field theory. After he got into this stuff he had my full attention. Yes, Feynman diagrams do visualize these interactions, complicated by loop momentum and infinities from ultraviolet and infrared divergences. Wilson's effective field theory and renormalization technique set a limit to tackle these infinities. In this, the concept of running coupling emerges, showing interaction strength 'runs' with the energy scale, exemplified in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Non-perturbative effects further deepen the understanding beyond perturbation theory, revealing phenomena like quark confinement in QCD. The lattice also facilitates studying these non-perturbative phenomena, illustrating the interconnectedness of quantum physics.
Would have been nice to hear a live chat as this was taking place, it has taken a long time, but today I would say that Sean is perhaps the best communicator of science we have in the english world, I've watched Brian Green, Brian Keating, Neil Degrass Tyson, Sabine Hossenfelder, who is very good as well, as is Neil Turok, and Carlo Rovelli, Lawrence Krauss. Thank you for sharing your time and work Sean, especially for those of us who are not formally educated in the sciences. Peace
Really important podcast. Explains a lot of intermediate level stuff that clarifies a lot of what we hear about through the usual physics lectures and pop science stuff. Thanks for this - would love more!
Being a good heretic IS extremely hard work, and I've done it most my life. But as Sean says, it takes so much persistence, which is why I respect him the most. I can tell in his answers that they come from this point of view, and I appreciate his view... especially debunking most statements ... it is what I love. ☮
@@nPr26_50 in a scientific sense not per se. Sure Galileo was persecuted but it wasn't the case that Newton had to protest and fight for his right to do science. It was mostly a few states/rulers deciding it was "OK" to go ahead, these gettig a huge competitive advantage and thereby forcing other states to follow suit. Scientific freedom (STEM fields) and the freedom of (political) speech have been mostly separate developments, just look at current China.
1:33:25 -1:54:03 crystal clear explanation of dark matter's influence on galaxies and the CMB's power spectrum Dr. Carroll should get a nobel prize for education!!!
Props to you Sean for not striving to make the podcast “edgy!” Truth-seeking is a much more noble goal than just trying to conform to what the masses want to see/hear. We all appreciate it!
Listened to many a blog. This one flows as a prize winning novel. Congratulations and thank you for enriching me again. It is a delightful train of thoughts woven in a comprehensive presentation.
A tour de force. Sean's seemingly effortless romp across high level controversies in modern theoretical physics is always sensitive, positive, optimistic and humanistic. A needed antidote to so much anti-intellectualism and general negativism in our modern on-line world. Thank you.
Sean, thank you for this masterpiece of interpretation on the "crisis" in physics today. It was so enlightening for me to hear how you layout our understanding and helped fill holes in my understanding. And I'm only at hour one! Thank you, Maxwell!!! What an age to be alive! 😊
Favorite way I've heard a lot of these topics described. Will definitely share with friends. The philosophical influence is clear with the clarity and precision that otherwise nebulous terms are defined and explained.
I thought the crisis in physics was about how our standard candles to measure cosmological distances are leading to strange inconsistencies. I kept waiting for him to talk about that.
On the point made in this video's intro... One of my biggest takeaways from Neal Stephenson's "The Diamond Age" is on how subversion actually works. The book points out that if you want to subvert anything, you first have to completely master the existing system. The book was mostly referring to subverting political systems, but I think it's very broadly applicable.
My gut told me that was complete bullshit about the universe being twice as old. It’s disappointing to know that some of my favorite creators in the realm of astrophysics jumped on this. Your POV is always grounding and I’m super thankful for what you do.
@@daarom3472 Sean is by far my favorite science communicator. I like Fraser Cain for catching up on astronomy news. Lately I’ve been having fun watching Dr. Angela Collier. Hank Green because he’s a real life super hero. I’ll just name a few more, Dr. Matt O’Dowd on PBS Space Time and Joe Hanson Ph.D. on Be Smart. I could go on for days so I’ll just finish with Grady Hillhouse on Practical Engineering and also everyone featured on Numberphile esp Matt Parker.
@@daarom3472 In case you’re still interested I’ll just say Steve Mould, I did a thing, Boy Boy, Not Just Bikes, Climate Town, 3blue1brown, Undecided with Matt Ferrell, and Asianometry. Ok I think that is fairly comprehensive though I’m sure I’ve forgotten some.
@@codyramseur thanks for the recommendations! if you like Matt Ferrell also do check out "the engineering mindset" and "real engineering". Another gem I found (biology domain) is "real science".
@@daarom3472 oh ok and “lighthearted” stuff, I like Joe Scott and Simon Whistler. For politics, Brian Tyler Cohen. Then my guilty pleasure is H3 Podcast.
Can’t thank you for taking the time to break in down for cosmos groupies who aren’t necessarily in the trenches but enthusiastic nonetheless! You’re a gentleman and a scholar! (In the truest, most literal sense!) P.S. I can definitely appreciate criticism but from me to you, don’t change anything. You and the podcast are absolutely perfect as presently constructed!
Nice! I enjoyed listening...I was able to comprehend about a quarter of what was said, which is a big improvement from when I started listening to this podcast (Ep. 1). Thanks Sean.
Honestly, listen to it again. I re-listen to dense podcasts all the time and find myself learning more on the 2nd and 3rd time, and with this one I think its worth it if you really want to further your understanding.
4:22:00 so close I like how you can deal with edginess, you are not scared to touch edgy topics, talk to edgy people if you think they have something to say. I feel like a lot of people get spooked way too easily and rather not talk about controversial topics and cede that ground to others who might not be as informed.
Our hyperfine curiosity is divine and brings salvation and so much joy! Thank you, wonderful Sean Carroll, for your talent in transmitting your love for love/curiosity itself 🙌💓💞
In support of what you are saying at 11:27 when you are dismissing the critique "yeah but we don't really UNDERSTAND gravity, what IS space time,....": It seems to me that the following two claims are true: 1. The naive picture that progress in science is about understanding one thing, then another thing, then the next thing, and thus ticking more and more boxes of things we have understood (while possibly raising even more open questions, like in the island metaphor), is wrong in the sense that even the seemingly simplest things, like, say, arithmetic, or free fall here on earth, there will always more to understand, in the sense that are always going to be connections and implications that were not aware of before, or deeper theories that explain the same phenomenon on a deeper level. Newton understood that Galileo's law of free fall is only true as an approximation (the acceleration is slightly different for different places on the surface of earth, and it will decrease the farther away from earth's center you drop something), Einstein understood that Newton's law of gravity is just an approximation that is strictly speaking nowhere correct; and most people assume that it is perfectly possibly and even likely, that Einstein's laws of gravity will prove to be just an approximation to a deeper theory, too. 2. While it is true that we can always understand something like evolution or gravity better, deeper - it is also true, that this is not going to upend the insight that the other animals "are our cousins", or that "the earth orbits around the sun (or the center of gravity of the solar system, which is inside the sun), or that even Newton's law of gravity allows to do pretty successful space travel.
Large clusters of black martier or black stars also have gravity. 1) How does this affect Einstein's theory of spacetime and its possible curvature. 2) If there is curvature or gravity, then "ordinary matter" may have been attracted by it, which these processes may have provided, even if black matter and hydrogen influence each other directly, this form of a perhaps weaker space curve may well if this occurs on a gigantic scale and can create gigantic black holes?
Lol I’m very curious if literally anyone has ever commented saying you “rambled on too long” or that a certain tangent “could have been cut out” because you literally do not miss with making your roundabouts interesting and consistent with the topic. The cosmological constant talk was very engaging
@3:24:45 - Your comment reminds me of a quote attributed to Mahatma Gandhi (and I'm probably not remembering the exact phrasing here): "Everything we do is futile, but we must do it anyway"
Novel Dark Matter Hypothesis Dark Matter is simply unaccounted for gravity. GR states that gravity is the consequence of the curvature of spacetime. Is it possible that the structure of spacetime itself could be warped without the presence of matter? Spacetime has been shown to react like a fabric by warping, twisting, and propagating independently of mass, and all have been proven with observations from gravitational lensing, frame dragging, and now gravitational waves! Fabrics can also be stretched, pressured, and/or heated to the point of causing a deformation and losing its elastic nature. All of these conditions were extreme during inflation, so it is plausible that the “fabric” of spacetime analog could extend having its elastic property have hit a yield point leaving pockets of inelastic spacetime geodesic that cause gravity without the presence of matter? Therefore, if gravity is strictly the consequence of the warped of spacetime, and fabrics can be permanently overstretched, then those empty warped geodesics would create gravitational wells independent of mass. My hypothesis of DM is subatomic black hole imprints of the quantum fluctuations that popped in at the moment of inflation. The CMB shows where the hot dense regions were they created the galaxies. They would have been the initial cause and location of the warping. These imprints would be clouds of quantum sized floating fixed geodesics, so they couldn’t expand or evaporate. Perhaps nothing has been detected because there is nothing to detect. GR wouldn’t require modification because DM would just be an extension of how spacetime behaves at extreme conditions. No MOND, no WIMPs, and no parallel universes, just empty spacetime deformations that produce gravitational wells to help jump start galaxy accretion processes. Zwicky may have named is Missing Mass correctly since he detected some gravity without mass present to cause it…
I’m not subscribed to your Patreon, but perhaps you can consider an inquiry. Could you possibly explain why neutrinos couldn’t possibly be a candidate for dark matter? Or perhaps even pure neutron matter?
I don't think Sean answers comments - you can google "why neutrinos are not dark matter" to find the answer. Part of which was "What rules neutrinos out of the running for dark matter is that in the Standard Model, they are considered “hot” particles, meaning they travel at speeds close to the speed of light. For a particle to constitute dark matter, it must be “cold,” or travel slowly compared to light."
I don't think Sean even looks at his comments. I never see any that he has even liked, much less responded to. But if you are considering neutrinos then you should look at hypothetical sterile neutrinos. They would interact with matter less than regular neutrinos. Sabine Hossenfelder did a video on them a year or so ago. I don't remember how much she got into them as a candidate for dark matter, but she explained what they are.
Oh man, i really read that title wrong. I was like: "Good! I'm glad there's a crisis in psychics!" And i was about to comment: "I'm sure they've seen that coming..." But yeah, a crisis in physics is not so good.. (now i will listen to the remaining 4 hours and 21 minutes and 30 seconds)
Finally found the time to listen to this fantastic podcast. I really appreciated the encapsulated history of the various theories. It provided a much needed context for the so-called crisis. The only part that confused me was your statement about the Standard Model requiring symmetry, and that broken symmetries, or anomolies, can't exist. But isn't it true that the Higgs mechanism and weak force bosons necessarily are consequences of broken symmetry?
I have a question: If you take say the top 10 unsolved questions in fundamental physics, how many of them have a chance to be solved in the first half of 21 century?
If we only have a quarter century to go on that clock? 1 or 2 of 10 maybe? I've listened to a lot of this (fantastic) podcast, and I need to listen again, but at first blush: the semantic spectre of "crisis" may still linger, given that we can quibble about what that word entails. If we run out of feasible higher-energy experiments and are left to speculate and conjecture with paper and computer, many physicists do feel that we risk wandering astray, without the grounding bounds of data. I don't like to call that a crisis, but it feels like a concern to take seriously.
Sean: at 24:52, you missed a crossfade in the audio. The end or beginning of two audio regions is "caught" in the crossfade function, so we slightly hear this "item" of audio that you didn't intend to be there... As a physicist, you should revel in the fact that programs allow you to choose linear or exponential curves for how the fade is done on either side of the crossfade. It's more work to delete/erase all the sound pre/post the edit point, but sometimes that's what is required. Try thinking how you can do the same function with two separate audio pieces on two separate tracks... and how you fade out one while overlapping the fade in of another and you will understand how the shortcut works on a single track (at the same time you will realize you don't have as much control with the single track short cut.)
42:00 _“We would say today there’s something called the Planck scale - 10 to the minus 35 centimeters or something - at which quantum gravity becomes important [and] spacetime is not well defined. [__42:43__] The brilliance of Wilson was to realize it didn’t matter what happened at the very short distances… [__43:22__] So Wilson says, … let’s be honest [and] say we have what we now call an ultraviolet cutoff … an energy above which we have no idea what’s going on.”_ Sean Carroll, as you know, I’ve asked you a version of the following question several times in various forums: Why do you label the finite-gravitational-mass substance of the Everettian universal wave function as composed “energy” when “energy” in experimental physics always has strictly finite information capacities? If you’ve answered somewhere, my apologies, I’ve not encountered it. I am afraid I have to disagree with labeling such mind-bogglingly different substances with the same name, mainly because it generates the illusion that there’s nothing unusual or non-standard about the Everettian concept of “energy.” There is zero evidence that laboratory-observable energy maintains finite energy - and thus, presumably, finite gravitational mass - while encoding _infinitely_ increasing information. The above section gives me at least a clue as to what your rationale may be for accepting Everettian energy as meaningful: You are placing its infinite information capacity _above_ Wilson’s lattice-defined ultraviolet limit, for which, by Wilson’s definition, “we have no idea what’s going on.” (Amusingly, I can’t stop seeing this image of a medieval world map with the notation, “Beyond this point, there be dragons.”) One of the remarkable past-UV, sub-Planck-scale capabilities would presumably be infinite, no-cost data storage. That is an interesting viewpoint. I already had Wilson’s papers, but I never thought of what he was doing as anything more than a pragmatic finite nature of computational lattices as more than a pragmatic modeling trick. The idea of altering physics beyond the ultraviolet cutoff real but inaccessible from our sub-ultraviolet universe never crossed my mind. At the least, I now better understand what you may be thinking. Still, to mention it: Wouldn’t it be easier to acknowledge that Everett made a huge math blunder when he assumed the overly-simplified, non-dynamic states of the Hilbert space model to form “instantly” upon every instance of observation, whatever that is? Quantum encryption, for example, becomes usable only _after_ the wave functions spread at light speed. Why not use the results of experiments and commercially available quantum encryption devices as a better guide for how long it takes to form new states?
I can hardly imagine over 4 hours of one person talking about particle physics, cosmology, and foundations of quantum mechanics being interesting, and yet, it is. Because putting the current state of Physics into perspective takes a lot of context that not many people have. I certainly didn't.
Is there a limit to the concetration of matter inside a black hole's singularity? Can exceeding this limit cause a big bang? If we assume this singularity is spherical, at least conceptually, can Pi describe the splitting of this singularity once the maximum density is reached to cause a big bang?
I thought you might appreciate my sonnet, written when I heard about this latest "crisis" in physics. OUR GREAT GRAND COSMOS Turns out, the cosmos lied about its age and may be twice as old as we were told. The Big Bang may have only been a stage, and not her “birth,” so we’re not sure how old the universe we come from could be now, but we’ve glimpsed galaxies in her far past that were large even then, and can’t say how (that soon after atoms) they formed so fast. Maybe our red-shift measurements are wrong. Perhaps gravity was stronger back then. We’ve found black holes so huge they don’t belong around so early; we’re surprised again. To save our classical cosmology, we’ll need new origin mythology. ~ Jim (Bard Of Mars)
Wow! That's an excellent blog again. However, I thinkj when some people start talking about "crises" is just one thing: Marketing. Why? It makes things more interesting - much more interesting. If you say: "Well, in the last years we did not have something brandnew, nothing unexpected!" people will think: "Well, that's normal - isn't it? We can't have an Einstein every year!" If you talk about quantum fields, dark matter, dark energy, people will think: "That's not realy new, get away with this! There are countless of books, blogs and videos about this!" But if you they "Crises in physics!" nearly everone will grap that blog or start the youtube video.
In the video "Sean Carroll: The many worlds of quantum mechanics' it is said that if I make a decision it is not a quantum event, but a classical one. Given the molecules in my brain, I wonder why is it not a (series of) quantum event(s)
2:48 I can recognize myself in that as well, it's "cool" to be that person that marches on and be redeemed at the end, but yeah, i have no such cause or belief to fight for at the moment. 1:18:06 It would be fitting for an experimental physics team of 1000 to accept a Nobel Prize, maybe send like 314 people up. 2:27:00 That's how i've been thinking about it as well, although we might differ on what kind of constant it could be. Oh, i think i could actually agree on it being the vacuum energy. I usually picture it like the microwave background, but then for Dark Energy, which manifests in such a way that we "know" it is there, but it's not actually right here with us. It's some kind of after effect (possibly from the Big Bang), or propelling force pulling us along (expansion) from a long distance away. Or, of course it could be Midi-chlorians. btw, how disappointed are you with these UFO hearings? The Holographic Principle.. come on. Granted, i never expected much/anything, but still, they just had to ruin it by going there.
I can agree to MOND in the way that Dark Matter(DM) does modifies gravity. In the meaning that all about electric engineering depends on DM and its modifications and in combination with gravity. DM is invisible and we know such an invisible substance can do it. Take matter out of a black hole with the mass of a proton. What happens to this gravity when it attracts DM? Exactly it becomes a proton and when it cools down it can attract more DM that gets pushed away in an orbital by that proton. That' s why Atoms expands if they get hot. That' s why atoms don' t collapse.
132 minutes, not a scientist, so forgive me ahead of time, it sounds like dark matter behaves like water, a wide open ocean without constraints beyond landmasses moves without interacting, however if it comes across an obstruction, the water builds and holds pressure at the obstruction while the water unaffected by the obstruction continues to move freely wherever it travels. In the case of dark matter a similar affect takes place where it interacts with dense gravitational fields created by different types of matter that exist at different levels of density. Sean's description of dark matter intensifying in the bounce as gravity intensifies but not interacting with the bounce back reminded me of water hitting a shoreline. Just guessing, but its fun all the same.150 minutes in, question, will agi be able to answer any of these questions Sean?
Sean is interested in what his guests have to say, and so am I, but I am just as interested, if not much more, in what Sean himself has to say, so the occasional solo episode is a real treat for curious minds. Thank you Sean and patrons!
Sean is Sean's best guest lol.
What a coincidence that you are interested in what are being said on the podcast to which you are listening.
@@mrloop1530 I had a two-part point and you just told me that you noticed the first part, and that's all. OK, understood. to reiterate, the second part is where I say that a Sean Carroll solo episode is a real treat, and I stand by it 😎
Dear Professor Carrol. I think this episode was brilliant. For me it was like catching up on the state of the art in theoretical physics. I have a PhD in applied physics and I was always left with the emptiness of not fully understanding the most basic (and hardest to learn) principles of physics. Thank you very much for your work on your podcast, I enjoy every episode while walking the dog.
Well done saying this ,very brave.all the best from sunny Troon 😊
Make sure you enjoy and appreciate every one of the walks with your dog.
My best friend since 13 years left us a few weeks ago and words can not describe how much I miss him.
Sean's level head and depth of knowledge is such a beacon in these times.
It's really amazing to have a physicist of this calibre to rumble on history and ideas of physics.
The way quantum field theory was described here allowed me to finally visualize it in my minds eye, I am very grateful for this. I think you did I great job providing a broad overview of the current state of physics and it was really helpful to an enthusiastic laymen.
There is something about connection everything to one another that creates a solid chain of understanding that is difficult to find elsewhere. Thanks!
OMG I can't wait to listen to this - I love the solo episodes. Sean, you are a treasure.
Sean had and has so much to contribute to the world of physics but he has even more to contribute as a philosopher and conveyor of scientific knowledge.
In addition, its wonderful that he accepted the position at Hopkins. He belongs there in that position.
Challenge everything all the time. If you can't defend your theory it probably has weaknesses. The dialog is healthy. Don't attack the person, challenge the idea. Thanks Sean. Healthy dialog.
There isn’t “really” a crisis in physics. There are just certain theorists who are currently making and working on theories that are detached from reality. It isn’t a physics-wide problem. It is not a problem that spans the entirety of any specific sub-field. Just certain scientists working on some very “public” theories are having this problem
Other sensational youtubers: make a 22 min video claiming that physics is in a crisis and physicists are stuck.
Sean Carroll: makes a 4 hour 22 minutes video with the full history of physics of the 20th century, a summary of particle physics and cosmology detailed enough for us to understand that there is no physics crisis and encouraging the youth to join the ongoing epic endeavors of modern physics.
This channel is honestly one of the best things that happened on TH-cam.
So you think that over four hours of bullshit is better than 22 minutes of bullshit? :-)
Yessss I can fall asleep to this for many nights in a row.
Please take that as the huge compliment, cuz it is.
Over 4 hours? What a treat. Looking forward to diving in! Thanks as always Sean for the great content.
Ssh
@@rinket7779😂
❤
He couldn't have cut out 2 mins to make it 4:20? 🌲🔥
Boo
@@jyjjy7lol
Most people I know: "you just can't know how things work"
Sean: "we know how almost everything works mostly, pretty much"
and yet his entire worldview is disproven by the tukdam event that occurred in taipei 2020 which was also the first time such a thing was fully monitored and tested by neuroscientists and others
Most people can't know how things work because they aren't capable of thinking beyond buttons that do everything for them. Especially liberals, who also tend to think that there is no objective truth whatsoever, only subjective truth based on your personal beliefs. i.e. - "I feel like the opposite gender or some random made up pronoun or some entirely different species therefore I am and that's what everyone will call me or I will have a mental breakdown"
- At the fundamental level" you left that part out which is really rather important.
@@5pileswhat's that
@@user-np6tf8zx1u just search tukdam taipei 2020, you will get a few articles and reports. without going into heavy detail what is always externally observable of someone post clinical death undergoing tukdam is the body does not decompose for the duration of the meditation, even in taipei 38c summer weather, the body and skin remains supple and produces sweet fragrance, and heat is generated around the heart region for the duration. when tukdam ends and the subtlest level of mind moves to another object some blood will spill out of the bodys nostril indicating the tukdam has ended, and the body will begin regular decomposition.
what was unique about this tukdam was the exceptional skill involved in being able to sustain it for over 30 days (3-5 days is typical, 2 weeks is rare, longer is very very rare). this extended duration also provided the opportunity for lazy western scientists to conduct monitoring and research for the first time on someone undergoing tukdam. they collected a large amount of data in addition to what i listed above, such as measuring spontaneous brain activity activation weeks post clinical death.
My goodness, 4 and a half hours! You definitely have a lot to tell us, going to listen now :)
Sean "I dont want to go into too many details" Carroll
I understood exactly 6 and 1/2 words of this but I loved hearing it and imagining the concepts and processes that led to the discoveries. Ain't us humans grand?
I was just kind of listening to this as background information until Sean Carroll started getting into the lattice that provides a discrete structure for complex quantum systems, serving as the foundation for quantum field theory. After he got into this stuff he had my full attention. Yes, Feynman diagrams do visualize these interactions, complicated by loop momentum and infinities from ultraviolet and infrared divergences. Wilson's effective field theory and renormalization technique set a limit to tackle these infinities. In this, the concept of running coupling emerges, showing interaction strength 'runs' with the energy scale, exemplified in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Non-perturbative effects further deepen the understanding beyond perturbation theory, revealing phenomena like quark confinement in QCD. The lattice also facilitates studying these non-perturbative phenomena, illustrating the interconnectedness of quantum physics.
Would have been nice to hear a live chat as this was taking place, it has taken a long time, but today I would say that Sean is perhaps the best communicator of science we have in the english world, I've watched Brian Green, Brian Keating, Neil Degrass Tyson, Sabine Hossenfelder, who is very good as well, as is Neil Turok, and Carlo Rovelli, Lawrence Krauss. Thank you for sharing your time and work Sean, especially for those of us who are not formally educated in the sciences. Peace
Really important podcast. Explains a lot of intermediate level stuff that clarifies a lot of what we hear about through the usual physics lectures and pop science stuff. Thanks for this - would love more!
Being a good heretic IS extremely hard work, and I've done it most my life. But as Sean says, it takes so much persistence, which is why I respect him the most. I can tell in his answers that they come from this point of view, and I appreciate his view... especially debunking most statements ... it is what I love. ☮
Four hours of Professor Carroll! ☮️ ❤️ ^.^
While everyone else is focusing on culture war bullshit Sean puts out a 4 hour podcast on the crisis in physics.
Well, except maybe for the Twitter dying comment lol
Psychics is part of the culture war
I don't know anyone in real life focusing on culture wars. It's just youtubers and the media creating that perception.
Culture matters. The freedom for Sean to question established beliefs and get us closer to the truth had to be fought for, often violently.
@@nPr26_50 in a scientific sense not per se. Sure Galileo was persecuted but it wasn't the case that Newton had to protest and fight for his right to do science. It was mostly a few states/rulers deciding it was "OK" to go ahead, these gettig a huge competitive advantage and thereby forcing other states to follow suit.
Scientific freedom (STEM fields) and the freedom of (political) speech have been mostly separate developments, just look at current China.
1:33:25 -1:54:03 crystal clear explanation of dark matter's influence on galaxies and the CMB's power spectrum
Dr. Carroll should get a nobel prize for education!!!
Props to you Sean for not striving to make the podcast “edgy!”
Truth-seeking is a much more noble goal than just trying to conform to what the masses want to see/hear.
We all appreciate it!
1. [not] trying to conform to what the masses want to see/hear.
2. We all appreciate it!
🧐😄
Truth seeking is also an ego trip.
@@goldwhitedragon Only to the extent that everything is an ego trip.
Listened to many a blog. This one flows as a prize winning novel. Congratulations and thank you for enriching me again. It is a delightful train of thoughts woven in a comprehensive presentation.
A tour de force. Sean's seemingly effortless romp across high level controversies in modern theoretical physics is always sensitive, positive, optimistic and humanistic. A needed antidote to so much anti-intellectualism and general negativism in our modern on-line world. Thank you.
And the anti-mindism
This is my favorite Mindscape podcast ever! The wide scope and your concise perspective summarizes an amazing amount of physics. Thank you, Sean!
Sean, thank you for this masterpiece of interpretation on the "crisis" in physics today. It was so enlightening for me to hear how you layout our understanding and helped fill holes in my understanding. And I'm only at hour one! Thank you, Maxwell!!! What an age to be alive! 😊
Favorite way I've heard a lot of these topics described. Will definitely share with friends. The philosophical influence is clear with the clarity and precision that otherwise nebulous terms are defined and explained.
This and your AMAs are my favorite content.
Wow this is amazing. Time stamps would be really helpful but I don’t care that much. Such a good introduction into physics
Love that it’s over 4hrs!!! Thanks Professor
Sean Carroll has a great personality. Edifying and enjoyable at the same time.
A 4 hour solo!?! Christmas came early 😊
greatest iso pod in the history of physics pods
I thought the crisis in physics was about how our standard candles to measure cosmological distances are leading to strange inconsistencies. I kept waiting for him to talk about that.
That's the crisis in cosmology and Sean talked about it with several of his guests (for example Adam Riess in episode 118)
I started listening to your podcast at the beginning of Covid back in 2020.
I have learned so much and leant how to think, that n you Sir.
loved most of it! Only the end got a bit circular. But the amount of knowledge in this man's brain is nothing short of humbling.
On the point made in this video's intro... One of my biggest takeaways from Neal Stephenson's "The Diamond Age" is on how subversion actually works. The book points out that if you want to subvert anything, you first have to completely master the existing system. The book was mostly referring to subverting political systems, but I think it's very broadly applicable.
Those unnamable tribal hostile elite subverting tbe system created it in the first place.
My gut told me that was complete bullshit about the universe being twice as old. It’s disappointing to know that some of my favorite creators in the realm of astrophysics jumped on this. Your POV is always grounding and I’m super thankful for what you do.
out of curiosity, who are your favourite creators? I personally watch Sean and Sabine then Curt/Lex for a bit more lighthearted stuff.
@@daarom3472 Sean is by far my favorite science communicator. I like Fraser Cain for catching up on astronomy news. Lately I’ve been having fun watching Dr. Angela Collier. Hank Green because he’s a real life super hero. I’ll just name a few more, Dr. Matt O’Dowd on PBS Space Time and Joe Hanson Ph.D. on Be Smart. I could go on for days so I’ll just finish with Grady Hillhouse on Practical Engineering and also everyone featured on Numberphile esp Matt Parker.
@@daarom3472 In case you’re still interested I’ll just say Steve Mould, I did a thing, Boy Boy, Not Just Bikes, Climate Town, 3blue1brown, Undecided with Matt Ferrell, and Asianometry. Ok I think that is fairly comprehensive though I’m sure I’ve forgotten some.
@@codyramseur thanks for the recommendations! if you like Matt Ferrell also do check out "the engineering mindset" and "real engineering". Another gem I found (biology domain) is "real science".
@@daarom3472 oh ok and “lighthearted” stuff, I like Joe Scott and Simon Whistler. For politics, Brian Tyler Cohen. Then my guilty pleasure is H3 Podcast.
these solos are so far and few between but are my favorites! Thx for sharing Sean
Can’t thank you for taking the time to break in down for cosmos groupies who aren’t necessarily in the trenches but enthusiastic nonetheless!
You’re a gentleman and a scholar! (In the truest, most literal sense!)
P.S.
I can definitely appreciate criticism but from me to you, don’t change anything. You and the podcast are absolutely perfect as presently constructed!
This is going to take a while! Thanks for the all your amazing content Sean.
4+ hour episode let's gooooo!
Nice! I enjoyed listening...I was able to comprehend about a quarter of what was said, which is a big improvement from when I started listening to this podcast (Ep. 1). Thanks Sean.
Honestly, listen to it again. I re-listen to dense podcasts all the time and find myself learning more on the 2nd and 3rd time, and with this one I think its worth it if you really want to further your understanding.
Best content on TH-cam 🏆
Incredible that you put so much into this channel. Thank you, Sean.
Thank you. I wish I could say more, but, thank you is the best I can say and you're the best.
I fell asleep 3/4 of the way listening to this and had a dream where I was a scientist working for Sean Carroll.
4:22:00 so close
I like how you can deal with edginess, you are not scared to touch edgy topics, talk to edgy people if you think they have something to say. I feel like a lot of people get spooked way too easily and rather not talk about controversial topics and cede that ground to others who might not be as informed.
This is the review I’ve been waiting for my whole life ❤️
Dr. Carroll, don't worry you are not edgy. You are a continuous flow of useful information to enlighten without any boundaries.👏
This episode is excellent 👌
Thank you so much, Professor Carroll, for devoting so much of your time to de-mystification, and de-mythologization
Only for this contribution you deserve the Nobel-Prize! Congratulations
Our hyperfine curiosity is divine and brings salvation and so much joy! Thank you, wonderful Sean Carroll, for your talent in transmitting your love for love/curiosity itself 🙌💓💞
liked, commented and added to “favorites” playlist. hopefully the algorithm picks up what I’m laying down
In support of what you are saying at 11:27 when you are dismissing the critique "yeah but we don't really UNDERSTAND gravity, what IS space time,....":
It seems to me that the following two claims are true:
1. The naive picture that progress in science is about understanding one thing, then another thing, then the next thing, and thus ticking more and more boxes of things we have understood (while possibly raising even more open questions, like in the island metaphor), is wrong in the sense that even the seemingly simplest things, like, say, arithmetic, or free fall here on earth, there will always more to understand, in the sense that are always going to be connections and implications that were not aware of before, or deeper theories that explain the same phenomenon on a deeper level.
Newton understood that Galileo's law of free fall is only true as an approximation (the acceleration is slightly different for different places on the surface of earth, and it will decrease the farther away from earth's center you drop something), Einstein understood that Newton's law of gravity is just an approximation that is strictly speaking nowhere correct; and most people assume that it is perfectly possibly and even likely, that Einstein's laws of gravity will prove to be just an approximation to a deeper theory, too.
2. While it is true that we can always understand something like evolution or gravity better, deeper - it is also true, that this is not going to upend the insight that the other animals "are our cousins", or that "the earth orbits around the sun (or the center of gravity of the solar system, which is inside the sun), or that even Newton's law of gravity allows to do pretty successful space travel.
One of your best! Succinct and enthusiastic... thank you!
We’ll done Sean - the best 4hours spent painting the veranda ceiling.
Large clusters of black martier or black stars also have gravity. 1) How does this affect Einstein's theory of spacetime and its possible curvature. 2) If there is curvature or gravity, then "ordinary matter" may have been attracted by it, which these processes may have provided, even if black matter and hydrogen influence each other directly, this form of a perhaps weaker space curve may well if this occurs on a gigantic scale and can create gigantic black holes?
Thanks Dr. Carroll. I need to join patreon.
Wow, plenty to ponder - thanks.
Finally made it through. Thanks for sharing.
It's like all patreon supporters voted this question as their once in a lifetime question in monthly Q&A
Lol I’m very curious if literally anyone has ever commented saying you “rambled on too long” or that a certain tangent “could have been cut out” because you literally do not miss with making your roundabouts interesting and consistent with the topic. The cosmological constant talk was very engaging
This is like a Hardcore History episode, love it.
@3:24:45 - Your comment reminds me of a quote attributed to Mahatma Gandhi (and I'm probably not remembering the exact phrasing here): "Everything we do is futile, but we must do it anyway"
amazing effort I can say I have some idea mow ,thanks
I may not be your biggest fan. But I'm probably your dumbest fan. This guy is so great at explaining and articulating his thoughts.
Novel Dark Matter Hypothesis
Dark Matter is simply unaccounted for gravity. GR states that gravity is the consequence of the curvature of spacetime. Is it possible that the structure of spacetime itself could be warped without the presence of matter? Spacetime has been shown to react like a fabric by warping, twisting, and propagating independently of mass, and all have been proven with observations from gravitational lensing, frame dragging, and now gravitational waves! Fabrics can also be stretched, pressured, and/or heated to the point of causing a deformation and losing its elastic nature. All of these conditions were extreme during inflation, so it is plausible that the “fabric” of spacetime analog could extend having its elastic property have hit a yield point leaving pockets of inelastic spacetime geodesic that cause gravity without the presence of matter?
Therefore, if gravity is strictly the consequence of the warped of spacetime, and fabrics can be permanently overstretched, then those empty warped geodesics would create gravitational wells independent of mass. My hypothesis of DM is subatomic black hole imprints of the quantum fluctuations that popped in at the moment of inflation. The CMB shows where the hot dense regions were they created the galaxies. They would have been the initial cause and location of the warping. These imprints would be clouds of quantum sized floating fixed geodesics, so they couldn’t expand or evaporate. Perhaps nothing has been detected because there is nothing to detect. GR wouldn’t require modification because DM would just be an extension of how spacetime behaves at extreme conditions. No MOND, no WIMPs, and no parallel universes, just empty spacetime deformations that produce gravitational wells to help jump start galaxy accretion processes. Zwicky may have named is Missing Mass correctly since he detected some gravity without mass present to cause it…
I’m not subscribed to your Patreon, but perhaps you can consider an inquiry. Could you possibly explain why neutrinos couldn’t possibly be a candidate for dark matter? Or perhaps even pure neutron matter?
Neutrons interact with light, neutrinos interact with regular particles too much (not very much but still way too much)
I don't think Sean answers comments - you can google "why neutrinos are not dark matter" to find the answer. Part of which was "What rules neutrinos out of the running for dark matter is that in the Standard Model, they are considered “hot” particles, meaning they travel at speeds close to the speed of light. For a particle to constitute dark matter, it must be “cold,” or travel slowly compared to light."
I don't think Sean even looks at his comments. I never see any that he has even liked, much less responded to. But if you are considering neutrinos then you should look at hypothetical sterile neutrinos. They would interact with matter less than regular neutrinos. Sabine Hossenfelder did a video on them a year or so ago. I don't remember how much she got into them as a candidate for dark matter, but she explained what they are.
Skimming the transcript I spotted something called Bohemian Mechanics. What a great typo!
Oh man, i really read that title wrong.
I was like: "Good! I'm glad there's a crisis in psychics!"
And i was about to comment: "I'm sure they've seen that coming..."
But yeah, a crisis in physics is not so good.. (now i will listen to the remaining 4 hours and 21 minutes and 30 seconds)
Finally found the time to listen to this fantastic podcast. I really appreciated the encapsulated history of the various theories. It provided a much needed context for the so-called crisis. The only part that confused me was your statement about the Standard Model requiring symmetry, and that broken symmetries, or anomolies, can't exist. But isn't it true that the Higgs mechanism and weak force bosons necessarily are consequences of broken symmetry?
That covered an impressive amount of ground while staying both comprehensible and interesting.
I have a question: If you take say the top 10 unsolved questions in fundamental physics, how many of them have a chance to be solved in the first half of 21 century?
If we only have a quarter century to go on that clock? 1 or 2 of 10 maybe? I've listened to a lot of this (fantastic) podcast, and I need to listen again, but at first blush: the semantic spectre of "crisis" may still linger, given that we can quibble about what that word entails. If we run out of feasible higher-energy experiments and are left to speculate and conjecture with paper and computer, many physicists do feel that we risk wandering astray, without the grounding bounds of data. I don't like to call that a crisis, but it feels like a concern to take seriously.
Sean: at 24:52, you missed a crossfade in the audio. The end or beginning of two audio regions is "caught" in the crossfade function, so we slightly hear this "item" of audio that you didn't intend to be there... As a physicist, you should revel in the fact that programs allow you to choose linear or exponential curves for how the fade is done on either side of the crossfade. It's more work to delete/erase all the sound pre/post the edit point, but sometimes that's what is required.
Try thinking how you can do the same function with two separate audio pieces on two separate tracks... and how you fade out one while overlapping the fade in of another and you will understand how the shortcut works on a single track (at the same time you will realize you don't have as much control with the single track short cut.)
oh yes, 4 hrs and a half of goodness!
Sean ! Thank you
Great , this info ties things together with current progress🎇
Has anyone worked out what the thumbnail is?
Wasabi peas
42:00 _“We would say today there’s something called the Planck scale - 10 to the minus 35 centimeters or something - at which quantum gravity becomes important [and] spacetime is not well defined. [__42:43__] The brilliance of Wilson was to realize it didn’t matter what happened at the very short distances… [__43:22__] So Wilson says, … let’s be honest [and] say we have what we now call an ultraviolet cutoff … an energy above which we have no idea what’s going on.”_
Sean Carroll, as you know, I’ve asked you a version of the following question several times in various forums: Why do you label the finite-gravitational-mass substance of the Everettian universal wave function as composed “energy” when “energy” in experimental physics always has strictly finite information capacities? If you’ve answered somewhere, my apologies, I’ve not encountered it.
I am afraid I have to disagree with labeling such mind-bogglingly different substances with the same name, mainly because it generates the illusion that there’s nothing unusual or non-standard about the Everettian concept of “energy.” There is zero evidence that laboratory-observable energy maintains finite energy - and thus, presumably, finite gravitational mass - while encoding _infinitely_ increasing information.
The above section gives me at least a clue as to what your rationale may be for accepting Everettian energy as meaningful: You are placing its infinite information capacity _above_ Wilson’s lattice-defined ultraviolet limit, for which, by Wilson’s definition, “we have no idea what’s going on.” (Amusingly, I can’t stop seeing this image of a medieval world map with the notation, “Beyond this point, there be dragons.”) One of the remarkable past-UV, sub-Planck-scale capabilities would presumably be infinite, no-cost data storage.
That is an interesting viewpoint.
I already had Wilson’s papers, but I never thought of what he was doing as anything more than a pragmatic finite nature of computational lattices as more than a pragmatic modeling trick. The idea of altering physics beyond the ultraviolet cutoff real but inaccessible from our sub-ultraviolet universe never crossed my mind.
At the least, I now better understand what you may be thinking.
Still, to mention it: Wouldn’t it be easier to acknowledge that Everett made a huge math blunder when he assumed the overly-simplified, non-dynamic states of the Hilbert space model to form “instantly” upon every instance of observation, whatever that is? Quantum encryption, for example, becomes usable only _after_ the wave functions spread at light speed. Why not use the results of experiments and commercially available quantum encryption devices as a better guide for how long it takes to form new states?
I can hardly imagine over 4 hours of one person talking about particle physics, cosmology, and foundations of quantum mechanics being interesting, and yet, it is. Because putting the current state of Physics into perspective takes a lot of context that not many people have. I certainly didn't.
You can't even learn one tenth of classical mechanics in four hours. What makes you think that this is even scratching the surface? ;-)
Is there a limit to the concetration of matter inside a black hole's singularity? Can exceeding this limit cause a big bang? If we assume this singularity is spherical, at least conceptually, can Pi describe the splitting of this singularity once the maximum density is reached to cause a big bang?
I thought you might appreciate my sonnet, written when I heard about this latest "crisis" in physics.
OUR GREAT GRAND COSMOS
Turns out, the cosmos lied about its age
and may be twice as old as we were told.
The Big Bang may have only been a stage,
and not her “birth,” so we’re not sure how old
the universe we come from could be now,
but we’ve glimpsed galaxies in her far past
that were large even then, and can’t say how
(that soon after atoms) they formed so fast.
Maybe our red-shift measurements are wrong.
Perhaps gravity was stronger back then.
We’ve found black holes so huge
they don’t belong around so early;
we’re surprised again.
To save our classical cosmology,
we’ll need new origin mythology.
~ Jim (Bard Of Mars)
I enjoyed it! Thanks for sharing!
The ultimate goal should always be : _"to know as many true things, and as few false things as possible"._
thank you for the work you do ..
Wow! That's an excellent blog again.
However, I thinkj when some people start talking about "crises" is just one thing: Marketing.
Why? It makes things more interesting - much more interesting.
If you say: "Well, in the last years we did not have something brandnew, nothing unexpected!" people will think:
"Well, that's normal - isn't it? We can't have an Einstein every year!"
If you talk about quantum fields, dark matter, dark energy, people will think:
"That's not realy new, get away with this! There are countless of books, blogs and videos about this!"
But if you they "Crises in physics!" nearly everone will grap that blog or start the youtube video.
In the video "Sean Carroll: The many worlds of quantum mechanics' it is said that if I make a decision it is not a quantum event, but a classical one.
Given the molecules in my brain, I wonder why is it not a (series of) quantum event(s)
Thank you so much. I enjoyed this.
Twitter is doing better then ever Sean.
super enjoyed this one sean thanks
what about an episode with Sabine Hossenfelder and/or Peter Woit on the topic?
2:48 I can recognize myself in that as well, it's "cool" to be that person that marches on and be redeemed at the end, but yeah, i have no such cause or belief to fight for at the moment.
1:18:06 It would be fitting for an experimental physics team of 1000 to accept a Nobel Prize, maybe send like 314 people up.
2:27:00 That's how i've been thinking about it as well, although we might differ on what kind of constant it could be.
Oh, i think i could actually agree on it being the vacuum energy.
I usually picture it like the microwave background, but then for Dark Energy, which manifests in such a way that we "know" it is there, but it's not actually right here with us.
It's some kind of after effect (possibly from the Big Bang), or propelling force pulling us along (expansion) from a long distance away.
Or, of course it could be Midi-chlorians.
btw, how disappointed are you with these UFO hearings? The Holographic Principle.. come on.
Granted, i never expected much/anything, but still, they just had to ruin it by going there.
Yes. No crisis in Physics. It’s just that we don’t know everything about it. We may never know it all. But that’s no crisis, it’s just the way it is.
I can agree to MOND in the way that Dark Matter(DM) does modifies gravity. In the meaning that all about electric engineering depends on DM and its modifications and in combination with gravity. DM is invisible and we know such an invisible substance can do it. Take matter out of a black hole with the mass of a proton. What happens to this gravity when it attracts DM? Exactly it becomes a proton and when it cools down it can attract more DM that gets pushed away in an orbital by that proton. That' s why Atoms expands if they get hot. That' s why atoms don' t collapse.
132 minutes, not a scientist, so forgive me ahead of time, it sounds like dark matter behaves like water, a wide open ocean without constraints beyond landmasses moves without interacting, however if it comes across an obstruction, the water builds and holds pressure at the obstruction while the water unaffected by the obstruction continues to move freely wherever it travels. In the case of dark matter a similar affect takes place where it interacts with dense gravitational fields created by different types of matter that exist at different levels of density. Sean's description of dark matter intensifying in the bounce as gravity intensifies but not interacting with the bounce back reminded me of water hitting a shoreline. Just guessing, but its fun all the same.150 minutes in, question, will agi be able to answer any of these questions Sean?
Hi Sean, what’s your opinion on Nassim Haramein’s theory of everything? Thanks
Many different types of Dark Matter can make many different planes of existence. Highly appreciates your profound lectures.