I usually don't make comments about the videos, but those tutorials are very good, it's very well explained. Continue doing those videos, please. you are hellping many people.
When I was in class, the professor would always talk about what these things DO and not HOW they do it... what really happens with the voltage within the components to achieve this results. and when I asked him, instead of saying REALLY what happens ("pullup resistors" and things like that) he would say "that is how transistors work". I HATE when I have to think that what happens inside things are *magic* and just work with the magic's results. and %99 of classes out there do exactly that. so your videos are INVALUABLE
Seriously these tutorials are among the best I have found. You break things down well to make it easy to learn. I would really appreciate of you extended this beginner tutorial to include a part around capacitors and how they fit in. Thanks!
I've had some pretty good physics teachers over the years, but holy cow, I feel like I could sit in you lectures for hours on end, actually interested in what you have to say and excited to learn (something I'm sturggling with at the time during homeschooling). Great job!
I don't usually comment anywhere - but I had to stop at this point going through your videos to say a big "Thank you". I have learned so much from your first ten videos already it's nearly impossible to articulate my appretiation. Your explanations are clicking within my brain instantly. Thank you for this phenomenal videos - I can't wait to learn even more from your videos.
Thanks for this series ive been an electrician for 20years and just started dabbling in DC circuitry(whole new world) but this is the best explanation of basic circuitry that ive come across.
Thank you so much for creating this series!!! A lightbulb turned on for me (pun intended) when you explained the inverter circuit! I had never considered this with all of the research I have done. Awesome explanation!
I've watched the entire series without skipping and it gave me more understanding than any other sources I've been trying to get these knowledge from. Thank you so much Ben! The original reason why I started looking into the basics of electronics was to get clear on how 6502 processor interacts with keyboard and display but trying to figure that out ended up with a need to learn the basics of electronics) I saw you have a "building 6502 based computer" series which I gonna follow next. I'm so grateful because your explanations are saving time A LOT, so thank you one more time!
Really good material here. Thanks a lot Ben! I am investiganting about electronics for a while and already know the concepts on this playlist, but since I am a big fan of your Bradboard computer give it a try and I was amazed by the way you made this topics so interesting. 7 years latter and this is the best playlist for beginners for sure!
So my friends saw me binging your videos of when you built a computer and a video card on breadboards, so they've bought me an arduino starter kit... you basically kickstarted my electronics carreer;) Also, I've binged this playlist within a day, and it's been super helpful, I'm sure you get this from all of the comments but you're a great teacher, so thanks!:) P.s. I'm a student rn but if I become a tech giant or smth thanks to my knowledge in electronics I'm gonna give you money I promise
Thank you so much for this video series. Your way of explaining things makes it possible for anyone to understand electronic circuits. This paved the way for me to thoroughly understand basic computer circuitry.
You teach electronics in much the same way as Wise Owl teaches Programming....very clear!!!! I really appreciate the contribution, most people can contribute what they know, but very few can make others understand it....I really love these videos!!!!
Ben, this has been a really good set of videos. Your explanations are easy to follow, and I've found these tutorials very helpful. It's a difficult subject, but you've made it a lot easier to grasp the basics. More please! :)
Thank you, Ben! this series was super helpful even years after it was posted. Might not be directly related but I look forward to building one of your breadboard computers once I have more experience. Thanks again, Ben!
I like to applaud for your amazing work "BEN", but don't get me wrong cuz i'm a student and can't afford that. But your hard work had earned you likes and a subscriber from my side. Awesome work. Keep doing. Be cool and thanks a lot.
Very well explained. Thanks for teaching me something this afternoon that I wasn't expecting to learn! I've subscribed & will keep watching. Thank you!
my teacher is gonna be so happy when i do this in class (assignment is to invert the function of a transistor, by making the led in the circuit turn off when the base is given an input. i used the short circuit method by simply moving the led into the same channel as the collector and emitter of the transistor, so i got the extra credit, but my teacher wanted me to do it in a less simple way.)
Great series, and overall AWESOME channel, Ben. I wish I could have had explanations like these when I was a young EE student. Any chance to add a video #11 and review the black box mystery circuit?
Ben, that is so cool! What is the software you're using for this presentation? it looks crisp and the cursor seems very manageable for drawing with little to no latency. Also, what is the model of your video capture card?
Great series. Thanks a lot for the videos. My last question would be why do you switch the resistor places between pull up and pull down? I don't see where it's position mater whether it's before or after the circuit
On the circuit to the left, if you move the resistor to the other side, the output would be directly connected to ground. So the output would always be low, no matter the input. On the circuit to the right, if you move the resistor to the other side, then the output would be directly connected to power. So the output would always be high, no matter the input. Hope this helps.
This was a great series.. I thought I had watched all your videos, but somehow had missed this whole series! One question..Especially given that you even had a very low voltage when you tested the "off" state of the LED from the mystery circuit, why doesn't that voltage cause enough current to at least have the LED on somewhat? Is there a non-linear curve for the amplification of the transistor, so that negligible voltages can be ignored?
You want the resistor to be a couple times higher than the transistor, so not too much current goes through it when the transistor is on, which would interfere with your signal. (You're also wasting power :P) However, you want it to be low enough to still give a useful 5v out when the transistor is off. If you choose the resistor value too high, you can't draw any current. Basically the same as the dim LED from before, but it might even be too low to drive a transistor, depending on how high it was chosen. So a couple hundred Ohms to 1K would probably work fine. It depends on your output. Maybe you can get by with 10K, or 100K or even 1M. (Doubt it, though) In essence: Higher value - you degrade the signal it's connected to Lower value - you degrade the signal the transistor is connected to Higher values should be preferred to not waste power and generate heat.
want to know why do we have a buffer at all the desired circuit can be achieved by just eliminating a buffer and the voltage on the entire line will still be the same
You can think of the pull-up/pull-down resistor as setting the "default" level of the output when the transistor is off. On the first circuit it pulls it down to 0, and in the inverter circuit it pulls it up to 1. But when the transistor is active, you want the current to go through the other path. The high resistor valve makes the current favor the relatively easier path through the transistor, which gives you the opposite logic state. Without the resistor (or if the resistor value is too low), when the transistor is on, you are making essentially a short circuit between 5v and ground, and your output logic state would be indeterminate, floating somewhere between 1 and 0.
Doesn't that inverter design reduce your output current though? Whatever "out" is connected to is going to have less current available than if it were connected directly to 5v. It stands to reason that you can only do that a certain number of times before there won't be enough current to interact with the components in the circuit properly.
Great video, but if a buffer takes the input and gives it to you as an output, what's the purpose of buffers in real life circuits? I'm studying EEE and would like to know, THANKS!
Sometimes a digital gate has to drive many other gates, but its signal output is too weak to do that. If you connect a buffer to the output, you will be able to drive many more gates. Note that a buffer does not amplify the voltage (unity follower), but it supplies the current to drive other gates.
I don't understand the pull-up circuit - why is OUT=0, when the transistor is turned on? OUT is connected to ground and the emitter is also connected to ground via the resistor. In my opinion, when you turn on the transistor, the current flowing on the path +5V -> OUT should be 1/2 of the amount before. +5V -> OUT and +5V -> E are parallel paths. They should just divide the current equally. Why is it zero ?
Unfortunately I don't understand the difference between a closed circuit with a normal switch and a circuit drew not closed with transistor and I can't make sense of what ground means in comparison with a normal closed circuit As I assume that a transistor is a switch I would place it in the position of a switch but a switch has only 2 connection wires which are + - but as I place the transistor to where the normal switch locates I find that it has three pins so should I assume that the emitter and collector are correspondent to + and - then the b acts as a switch but then question is how should connect a switch with only on wire?
More like a valve for a water pipe. The valve itself (the "Base", or the "Gate" for a MOSFET) can gradually turn on, or off, the flow going through the pipe. So, yes, you have the two sections of the pipe, the + (where enter the water) and the - (where could exit the water), and the valve itself as the third connector. Now, how to you connect the valve? Well, can be manually with a direct contact, or with a motor, or with a remote control allowing you to turn it from your kitchen even if the valve is in the basement, … as long as you can turn the valve in a direction or another, that can be as simple or as complex, direct (manually) or indirect (conditionally), as the need is.
emitter and collector are correspondent to in and out for the water pipe analogy; Base is akin to the lever which is the switch; To get the "ON" state we supply the base with the voltage stated in the spec sheet with careful attention to how much current occurs; Resistors are selected as current control - commonly called current limiting resistor - which is supposed to bias the gate on or off but is normally in a region where signal can be varying voltage; Emitter / Collector do not correspond to +/- Emitter / Collector correspond to current through the device;
great explanation but you could also just say the transistors are like switches, when there's voltage and thus current on the base to the emitter the switch is closed and no volts and thus no current on the base to emitter the switch is open, pretty simple. stop the long winded speech, other than that you do great work. these videos are old, you did them long time but maybe in the future stop over talking everything like bread boards for example, if they don't understand how to use a bread board they don't belong here on this video watching it kapeesh?
Your so called "buffer" or emitter follower gives 4.3 V and not 5 V. Is that still considered 1 in digital logic? It looks like 0.7 volts magically disappears somewhere in your circuit without explaination. I find this both confusing and damaging.
Yes, 1 and 0 can be considered high and low voltage, respectively. Current and voltage can vary a little based on the power source and components used, as well as environmental factors. So that analog variability is no longer an issue so long as High is reasonably higher voltage than Low. Ideally Low should be very close to zero.
Its definitly not saturated as he said, but in linear region. Also his inverter will die instantly when connected to a potent signal (like his buffer) basis resistors are a thing
Please continue your series in digital electronics. It's very rare to find the subject this well explained.
I usually don't make comments about the videos, but those tutorials are very good, it's very well explained. Continue doing those videos, please. you are hellping many people.
When I was in class, the professor would always talk about what these things DO and not HOW they do it... what really happens with the voltage within the components to achieve this results. and when I asked him, instead of saying REALLY what happens ("pullup resistors" and things like that) he would say "that is how transistors work". I HATE when I have to think that what happens inside things are *magic* and just work with the magic's results.
and %99 of classes out there do exactly that.
so your videos are INVALUABLE
The reason he said that was because HE didn't know! Now after watching this excellent tutorial you can go back and make him a better teacher. 😀
Ben- you are a gifted teacher. You leave no gaps ...
Seriously these tutorials are among the best I have found. You break things down well to make it easy to learn.
I would really appreciate of you extended this beginner tutorial to include a part around capacitors and how they fit in.
Thanks!
I've had some pretty good physics teachers over the years, but holy cow, I feel like I could sit in you lectures for hours on end, actually interested in what you have to say and excited to learn (something I'm sturggling with at the time during homeschooling). Great job!
I don't usually comment anywhere - but I had to stop at this point going through your videos to say a big "Thank you".
I have learned so much from your first ten videos already it's nearly impossible to articulate my appretiation.
Your explanations are clicking within my brain instantly.
Thank you for this phenomenal videos - I can't wait to learn even more from your videos.
Thanks for this series ive been an electrician for 20years and just started dabbling in DC circuitry(whole new world) but this is the best explanation of basic circuitry that ive come across.
This is a true example of a SUBSCRIPTION EARNED (not begged). I wish my teachers were like you
Got a lot of intuition on electronics from these videos. Thank you so much ❤️
you are a HERO! thanks
Thank you so much for creating this series!!! A lightbulb turned on for me (pun intended) when you explained the inverter circuit! I had never considered this with all of the research I have done. Awesome explanation!
I've watched the entire series without skipping and it gave me more understanding than any other sources I've been trying to get these knowledge from. Thank you so much Ben! The original reason why I started looking into the basics of electronics was to get clear on how 6502 processor interacts with keyboard and display but trying to figure that out ended up with a need to learn the basics of electronics) I saw you have a "building 6502 based computer" series which I gonna follow next.
I'm so grateful because your explanations are saving time A LOT, so thank you one more time!
Really good material here. Thanks a lot Ben!
I am investiganting about electronics for a while and already know the concepts on this playlist, but since I am a big fan of your Bradboard computer give it a try and I was amazed by the way you made this topics so interesting. 7 years latter and this is the best playlist for beginners for sure!
The best introduction to logic circuits ever .
So my friends saw me binging your videos of when you built a computer and a video card on breadboards, so they've bought me an arduino starter kit... you basically kickstarted my electronics carreer;)
Also, I've binged this playlist within a day, and it's been super helpful, I'm sure you get this from all of the comments but you're a great teacher, so thanks!:)
P.s. I'm a student rn but if I become a tech giant or smth thanks to my knowledge in electronics I'm gonna give you money I promise
Thank you so much for this video series. Your way of explaining things makes it possible for anyone to understand electronic circuits. This paved the way for me to thoroughly understand basic computer circuitry.
You teach electronics in much the same way as Wise Owl teaches Programming....very clear!!!! I really appreciate the contribution, most people can contribute what they know, but very few can make others understand it....I really love these videos!!!!
Thank you, these concepts instantly clicked for me. Your visual examples are superb and they make light work of basic circuit analyses.
Excellent series and I would highly recommend. I look forward to viewing additional lessons from Ben. Thank you for making them available.
You explained that wonderfully. I wish I would have understood that earlier. Making me think a little better. Thank you....
I wanna cry >_< thank you for these succinct but beautiful ten videos that taught me something. I just wish there was more >_
Love it. So easy for simple needs for buffer or inverters.
Of course! Beautifully explained, Ben
Ben, this has been a really good set of videos. Your explanations are easy to follow, and I've found these tutorials very helpful. It's a difficult subject, but you've made it a lot easier to grasp the basics. More please! :)
This is the basic teaching I need
Thank you
Thank you, Ben! this series was super helpful even years after it was posted. Might not be directly related but I look forward to building one of your breadboard computers once I have more experience. Thanks again, Ben!
I like to applaud for your amazing work "BEN", but don't get me wrong cuz i'm a student and can't afford that.
But your hard work had earned you likes and a subscriber from my side.
Awesome work. Keep doing. Be cool and thanks a lot.
you are the best in your explanation.thank you very much for demystifying this topic
Would be nice if you had more Digital Electronics Tutorials, love your content
Very well explained. Thanks for teaching me something this afternoon that I wasn't expecting to learn! I've subscribed & will keep watching. Thank you!
please continue this series!
Such an amazing instructor
thanks a ton for the videos. You're an awesome teacher
Amazing series, thank you.
Please continue this series
This is a great series. Thanks heaps!
Thank you for these great educational videos. Watched everything on your channel.
Thank you. This was a great tutorial. Would love to watch more.
Extremely wonderful explanation. Thanks a lot.
Love your videos, thanks.
Plus one for more tutorials from you Ben
my teacher is gonna be so happy when i do this in class
(assignment is to invert the function of a transistor, by making the led in the circuit turn off when the base is given an input. i used the short circuit method by simply moving the led into the same channel as the collector and emitter of the transistor, so i got the extra credit, but my teacher wanted me to do it in a less simple way.)
so clear now. thank you.
Excellent work sir . . .
It's difficult to say that this video is useless or I don't like it. But you six are ginious!😊
Very well explanation!!!! Thank you very much
It's wonderful tutorial. Thanks!
great videos! please keep posting more
Very good! 👍🙂🏴
This was great. Where should I go from here? Capacitors, gates .. so much more left. Any ideas folks? 🤔
respected sir please tell me what was that mysterious circuit which providing switching signal to transistor
Great series, and overall AWESOME channel, Ben. I wish I could have had explanations like these when I was a young EE student.
Any chance to add a video #11 and review the black box mystery circuit?
thank you ben
thanks again, greatly appreciated
Ben, that is so cool! What is the software you're using for this presentation? it looks crisp and the cursor seems very manageable for drawing with little to no latency. Also, what is the model of your video capture card?
Thanks!
thank you so much!
Great series. Thanks a lot for the videos. My last question would be why do you switch the resistor places between pull up and pull down? I don't see where it's position mater whether it's before or after the circuit
On the circuit to the left, if you move the resistor to the other side, the output would be directly connected to ground. So the output would always be low, no matter the input. On the circuit to the right, if you move the resistor to the other side, then the output would be directly connected to power. So the output would always be high, no matter the input. Hope this helps.
@@customfabrications well said
This was a great series.. I thought I had watched all your videos, but somehow had missed this whole series! One question..Especially given that you even had a very low voltage when you tested the "off" state of the LED from the mystery circuit, why doesn't that voltage cause enough current to at least have the LED on somewhat? Is there a non-linear curve for the amplification of the transistor, so that negligible voltages can be ignored?
Beaultiful
So, the pull up resistor can be at any resistance higher than the resistance from the cable?
You want the resistor to be a couple times higher than the transistor, so not too much current goes through it when the transistor is on, which would interfere with your signal.
(You're also wasting power :P)
However, you want it to be low enough to still give a useful 5v out when the transistor is off. If you choose the resistor value too high, you can't draw any current. Basically the same as the dim LED from before, but it might even be too low to drive a transistor, depending on how high it was chosen.
So a couple hundred Ohms to 1K would probably work fine. It depends on your output.
Maybe you can get by with 10K, or 100K or even 1M. (Doubt it, though)
In essence:
Higher value - you degrade the signal it's connected to
Lower value - you degrade the signal the transistor is connected to
Higher values should be preferred to not waste power and generate heat.
Thanks bro
want to know why do we have a buffer at all the desired circuit can be achieved by just eliminating a buffer and the voltage on the entire line will still be the same
5:10 Can someone explain why do we even need resistor in these schemes? Is it because without it it just gets harder to measure precise values?
You can think of the pull-up/pull-down resistor as setting the "default" level of the output when the transistor is off. On the first circuit it pulls it down to 0, and in the inverter circuit it pulls it up to 1.
But when the transistor is active, you want the current to go through the other path. The high resistor valve makes the current favor the relatively easier path through the transistor, which gives you the opposite logic state.
Without the resistor (or if the resistor value is too low), when the transistor is on, you are making essentially a short circuit between 5v and ground, and your output logic state would be indeterminate, floating somewhere between 1 and 0.
We need a MOSFET tutorial
thanks
Super cool video ^^
needs one more video, open collector vs open drain io. :)
Doesn't that inverter design reduce your output current though? Whatever "out" is connected to is going to have less current available than if it were connected directly to 5v. It stands to reason that you can only do that a certain number of times before there won't be enough current to interact with the components in the circuit properly.
grazie grazie grazie !!!
Well this will waist energy, is there any good option in case one uses battery?
Great video, but if a buffer takes the input and gives it to you as an output, what's the purpose of buffers in real life circuits? I'm studying EEE and would like to know, THANKS!
Sometimes a digital gate has to drive many other gates, but its signal output is too weak to do that. If you connect a buffer to the output, you will be able to drive many more gates. Note that a buffer does not amplify the voltage (unity follower), but it supplies the current to drive other gates.
I don't understand the pull-up circuit - why is OUT=0, when the transistor is turned on? OUT is connected to ground and the emitter is also connected to ground via the resistor. In my opinion, when you turn on the transistor, the current flowing on the path +5V -> OUT should be 1/2 of the amount before. +5V -> OUT and +5V -> E are parallel paths. They should just divide the current equally.
Why is it zero ?
Unfortunately I don't understand the difference between a closed circuit with a normal switch and a circuit drew not closed with transistor and I can't make sense of what ground means in comparison with a normal closed circuit
As I assume that a transistor is a switch I would place it in the position of a switch but a switch has only 2 connection wires which are + - but as I place the transistor to where the normal switch locates I find that it has three pins so should I assume that the emitter and collector are correspondent to + and - then the b acts as a switch but then question is how should connect a switch with only on wire?
More like a valve for a water pipe. The valve itself (the "Base", or the "Gate" for a MOSFET) can gradually turn on, or off, the flow going through the pipe. So, yes, you have the two sections of the pipe, the + (where enter the water) and the - (where could exit the water), and the valve itself as the third connector. Now, how to you connect the valve? Well, can be manually with a direct contact, or with a motor, or with a remote control allowing you to turn it from your kitchen even if the valve is in the basement, … as long as you can turn the valve in a direction or another, that can be as simple or as complex, direct (manually) or indirect (conditionally), as the need is.
emitter and collector are correspondent to in and out for the water pipe analogy; Base is akin to the lever which is the switch; To get the "ON" state we supply the base with the voltage stated in the spec sheet with careful attention to how much current occurs; Resistors are selected as current control - commonly called current limiting resistor - which is supposed to bias the gate on or off but is normally in a region where signal can be varying voltage;
Emitter / Collector do not correspond to +/-
Emitter / Collector correspond to current through the device;
great explanation but you could also just say the transistors are like switches, when there's voltage and thus current on the base to the emitter the switch is closed and no volts and thus no current on the base to emitter the switch is open, pretty simple. stop the long winded speech, other than that you do great work. these videos are old, you did them long time but maybe in the future stop over talking everything like bread boards for example, if they don't understand how to use a bread board they don't belong here on this video watching it kapeesh?
Bam!
I don't understand what these pull-up and pull-down resistors really do :(
cool beans
Please Please Please Please make a video on Hartley oscillator
But still, why would we need a buffer ?
Jesus fucking Christ. The convention that focuses on charge moving from Positive to negative really fucks with my head. Like whyyyyyyyyyyyy.
/mk two UI(way) boundary focals / grids fx layers by Signa Lambda check points = F''X' /
/mk Pipeline origin int= outlined imagery as surfline SR(surf ride) = monitors - webcams - VCRs - A1-cells /
Build your electrical circuits on the go! Find androidcircuitsolver on google
1:0 -- is never, a function! 1-- is never, a function! I.e. 1 whole systemic -- no HAM license used?
Your so called "buffer" or emitter follower gives 4.3 V and not 5 V. Is that still considered 1 in digital logic? It looks like 0.7 volts magically disappears somewhere in your circuit without explaination. I find this both confusing and damaging.
Yes, 1 and 0 can be considered high and low voltage, respectively. Current and voltage can vary a little based on the power source and components used, as well as environmental factors. So that analog variability is no longer an issue so long as High is reasonably higher voltage than Low. Ideally Low should be very close to zero.
Its definitly not saturated as he said, but in linear region. Also his inverter will die instantly when connected to a potent signal (like his buffer) basis resistors are a thing
no such thing as familx or no by explox, familix anythingx no matter what tho. wrg, ts not interesting or uninterestingx