Chemistry Basics: Osmolarity, Osmolality and Tonicity
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 ก.ค. 2024
- Osmolarity, Osmolality and Tonicity Video
#chemistry #osmolarity #osmolality
It's so confusing - or is it really? Let's start with the mole and nail down molarity vs. molality. Then, we dive into the world of osmotic pressure and compare osmolarity and osmolality. Finally, we'll go through tonicity and explore hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions - with clinical examples of each.
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Overview: 0:80
What is a mole / Avogadro's Number: 0:28
Solvents, solutes and solutions: 1:40
Comparing molarity and molality: 2:18
Intro: comparing osmolarity and osmolality: 3:40
Review of osmosis: 3:43
Osmotic pressure: 4:07
The osmole: 4:25
Comparison of moles to osmoles: glucose, NaCl, K2SO4: 4:33
Comparing osmolarity and osmolality: 5:36
Tonicity: 7:30
Hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic solutions: 7:50
Direction of osmosis, cellular response: 8:15
Clinical applications: 9:04
Thank you for watching: 9:32
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You have such a relaxing voice that even chemistry seems less scary 😂 thanks for these videos!
Thank you so much for that (I'll let my vocal coach know!) I'm glad you found it helpful. 🐧😁
As a 45 year old mom trying to figure out chemistry to even try to help my student, this did help a lot! Thank you
I'm so glad I could help. You go mom!!!
This is the best video on this topic. The added bonus is the examples of different solutions with different tonicity. Bravo!
Glad it helped! Thanks for watching!
Instant sub! Love your channel. I struggled with chemistry for years, but your gentle voice and practical application of concepts are a great help. Thank you
Awesome, I'm so glad you found it helpful! Thanks for the sub!
During my early college years for Nutrition, the chemistry was the most challenging for me to grasp. I love this glimpse into the past and the breakdown is soo smooth!
Thank you so much!!!
Oh my gosh, thank you. Thank you for your humor, first... good grief most teaching on this is SO DRY and BORING but you have made it, well, kind of fun somehow. And thank you for the memory trick, I'll take it, no matter how small. 😀
Thank you so very much! I'm glad you found it helpful. All the best to you!
Apreciate you so much, smooth as hell, very thorough, and didnt rush anything, or come off as a smart aleck like majority of youtube teachings. Smoothest voice online, thank you for not anoyying me.
Wow - thanks for that feedback!!! Glad you found it helpful.
cool! such a great help on my understanding
this video is a life saver, really help , thank you so much
Glad it helped!
I understood the concept of osmolarity and osmolality really well. Thank you :)
Glad it helped! Thanks for watching!
I wish I could met you guy when I were young, simply way to teach . Thank you for a good clip I’d ever watched , love your style on this presentation ;)
Thanks so much and thanks for watching!
Finally understood these confusing terms after 28 yrs of life. Thanks for simplifying these terms.
Thanks a lot for making clear this difficult concepts 🙏
So glad it was helpful!
You dont know much you help me i have come so far but i never really understand osmolarity and osmolality i just go with it and never really answer anything related with this and it always makes me less confidant about my education ! Thank you so much for making me get what it really is oh and your voice is very addicting i really enjoy listening....plz make more videos
Happy to help! So glad to hear you are gaining confidence!!!
Wow, 9.44 min r much usefull ad very nice voice ad clear spell pronunciation. Keep rocking.
Thank you so much 🙂
I need to write down the second comment otherwise I can't appreciate u enough!
U deserve a big ❤️+salute u nailed the topic, u helped me to help others!
Thank you so much!!!
Huge respect dear!
You have made chemistry easier for me❤️
May Allah keep you safe and healthy😊
Thank you so much!!!
THANKS
No one teach chemistry like u do. Please teach more make a series from scratch teaching everything about chemistry from kindergarten to bachelor level . Please
I'm confused by the overall concept of this channel but I'm still entertained. :D
I focus on biology, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, study skills and lab skills - and I'm glad you found it entertaining!
It is a great session
Thanks so much
Glad you liked it!
Thank you!
You are welcome!
You’re brilliant 👍
Thank you so much!!!
daaaaim, a lot of information, confusing ones but you made it clear thank youu
also your hack of remembering the Molarity paid of
So happy to hear! Thanks for watching!
I love the explanation really helpful
Thanks for watching!
Good explanation, it is helped me alot, thanks
Glad it helped!
This was so helpful!!
I'm so glad!!!
omygod i love ur chemistry vids so muchhhhh
SO happy to hear it!!!
Respected & dear mem,please make video on important topics for USMLE step 1 too...!!
Thank you gorgeous 💕💕
thank you
Good explanation.Nice voice.Thank you mem.
Most welcome 😊
Fun to learn😁 thanks Teacher
Glad you enjoyed it!
Thank you Professor 🤓🥳
You are very welcome!
thanks
You're welcome!
why do we switch from solution to "solvent" in molality , thank you miss penguin!:)
Thanks a lot ,doctor . I have a question , osmolality of ECF is equal to that of ICF .But , the ions inside the cell differ from the ions outside the cell .I mean that their osmolality is equal as the different ions give us the same number of particles. Is that the cause or not , doctor.
Awesome video! She sure does love her penguins ahaha
I do. It's genetic. 🐧🐧
Tq
YW!
MASHALLAHH
Beautiful voice!!!
Thank you so much!! I'll let my vocal coach know!
@@Penguinprof cONGRATS AND THANK YOU BECAUSE I have seen a lot of confsusion between tonicity and osmolarity. Your explanation is clear!!!
You are genius... no really...
Thank you so much!!!
4:36 obviously glucose dissolves in water which make more osmoles than the other two
Is glucose a non penetrating solute? and is there a different unit for tonicity to distinguish it from osmolarity like how do you know that the solution is isotonic if what is given is the osmolarity of the solution?
Glucose is non-penetrating (it requires a carrier protein to enter cells). As for your second question, definition #2 below is best. But can you BELIEVE what a mess this topic is?
Varying definitions of tonicity in a sample of physiology textbooks:
Michael D. Johnson, Human Biology: Concept and Current Issues (8th Edition) (9).
“Tonicity refers to the relative concentrations of solutes in two fluids. Extracellular fluid that is isotonic has the same solute concentration as the intracellular fluid. When cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, one with a concentration of solutes higher than the intracellular fluid, water diffuses out of the cells and the cells shrink.”
Cindy L. Stanfield, William J. Germann, Principles of Human Physiology (3rd Edition) (17).
“Whereas a solution’s osmolarity is based solely on its total solute concentration, its tonicity is determined by how it affects cell volume, which depends not only on the solute concentration but also on the solute permeability of cell membranes. A solution is said to be isotonic when it does not alter cell volume. This refers to the cell’s final volume. Under certain conditions a cell may shrink or swell initially, even if the solution is isotonic.”
Richard W. Hill, Gordon A. Wyse, Margaret Anderson, Animal Physiology (7).
“If a cell membrane or epithelium is impermeable to a solute and the solute is more concentrated on one side than the other, the solute creates a persistent difference of osmotic pressure across the cell membrane or epithelium.”
Arthur C. Guyton, John E. Hall, Medical Physiology (10th Edition) (6).
“If a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution that has a lower concentration of impermeant solutes, water will diffuse into the cell, causing it to swell; water will continue to diffuse into the cell, diluting the intracellular fluid while also concentrating the extracellular fluid until both solutions have about the same osmolarity.”
Walter F. Boron, Emile Boulpaep, Medical Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approach (2nd Edition) (2).
“The difference between effects of mannitol and urea on the final cell volume illustrates the need to distinguish between total osmolality and effective osmolality (also known as tonicity).”
Kenneth S. Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function (4th Edition) (14).
“Tonicity is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure in a cell. If a solute cannot pass through a plasma membrane, but remains more concentrated on one side of the membrane than on the other, it causes osmosis.”
@@Penguinprof Thank you very much!! I appreciate your help this makes sense! And yea haha I get the overall idea of this topic but it’s always the little things that confuse my mind
Ma'am,what is the difference between Blood urea nitrogen and blood urea?Is there any significant difference or only a mathematical relation?pls clarify.
YES they are very different. In the US and a few other countries, plasma or serum urea concentration is expressed as the amount of urea nitrogen, while in most other countries it is expressed simply as urea in mmol/L. Since BUN represents only the nitrogen in the urea molecule (MW 28) while urea itself has a MW of 60, total urea is approx. twice BUN.
To convert:
BUN mg/dL multiplied by 0.357 = urea (mmol/L)
Urea (mmol/L) divided by 0.357 = BUN (mg/dL)
Approximate reference (normal) range:
Serum/plasma urea 2.5-7.8 mmol/L
Serum/plasma BUN 7.0-22 mg/dL
It's confusing at first, but I hope that helps!
@@Penguinprof Thanks ma'am. Got it.So it mainly depends on which is used in which country.Please post this type of videos as much as possible.They are really informative.
Smart beautiful lady ! Excellent to you
Thank you kindly!
Staropramen? A woman of culture 🙂. Great vid btw..
Haha! I try...
Mrs Frizzle is still alive don't cha know
02:48 This nomenclature was designed to sabotage Chinese people when doing chemistry!
As if science wasn't hard enough...
Glucose is C6 H12 O6-
why isn't 1 mole of glucose =3 particles.
Glucose doesn't dissociate at all.
Glucose is made of C, H, O which are non metals.
Non metals usually forms covalent bond.
Covalent bonds need high energy to break apart.
Nacl is ionic compound.
Na = alkali metal
Cl= non metal
They both form ionic bond, a weak bond, which can be broken by just random motion of water molecules( BROwnian motion) in container or any vessel.
As they can easily break, they increase the osmolarity of solution
Too quick - therefore too much information delivered and assumes previous knowledge. After all, this is the first of the group
i appreciate the attempt to be comical but its extremely distracting - please don't do that
Thank you!
You're welcome!