The Genesis of the Transistor, with Bonus Introduction - AT&T Archives
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 18 ก.ค. 2012
- See more from the AT&T Archives at techchannel.att.com/archives
Bonus Edition introduction by George Kupczak of the AT&T Archives and History Center
In the late 1940s, Bell Laboratories scientists John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invented the transistor, the first solid-state amplifier or switch, and in doing so laid the foundation for all modern electronics and circuitry. The three shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 for the achievement. It may be the most important invention of the 20th century.
This 1965 film shows footage of them reunited/recreating their 1940s lab time to show how it was done, but in real life they had parted. Bardeen had left the labs in 1951 for the U. of IL; Shockley in 1956 to run a semiconductor company in California (laying the groundwork for Silicon Valley), and Brattain retired in 1967 to Whitman College.
Footage courtesy of AT&T Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
This stuff should be taught in every primary school in America or the world for that matter.
They don't even have basic electrical and electronics electives in most school districts now.
One of humanity's greatest inventions, the transistor.
I doubt it is human that invented this. Humans are too dumb and don't live long enough to learn enough.
agreed.
The Introduction is wonderful! If only Mr. Kupczak had done science documentaries I watched growing up (e.g. NOVA, whatever was on public television in the U.S. 80's 90's) I would have probably pursued science more formally in high school...
Thanks guys for bringing us the tech we have today :),
Think they would be turning in their graves in they knew the extent to which semiconductor technology has invaded our lives - I;m sure they never intended it to spawn the surveillance society we now live in.
@@eric4709 William Shockley won the Nobel Prize for this research! Who could have suspected such an outcome?!? He *was* IQ.
@@eric4709ya I'm sure they hate how many lives are saved and made more fulfilling with the advent of modern technology just because the government spies in a few aspects of our lives to stop terrorists and other violent crimes....
God, I love the enthusiasm of the presenter at the beginning of these videos. I bet he’s a super cool guy to hang out with.
Cant believe im subbed to an atnt channel but these vids are super nice. They should bring these types of programs back.
Happy 65th anniversary, transistor!
Happy 75th anniversary now?
Crystal Triode®..I like that one.!
But it was seen as relating to much to previous technology (vacuum tube) so they wisely rejected it.
Thank you AT&T.
First of all, congratulations on your work.
I'm surprised that the song " Hells Bells Laboratory " is not in this video documentary.
That's real the Nobel One.
Field effect transistor was invented and patented (US1900018) in 1925 by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld. Why he was omitted from the Nobel Prize?
Also good to know that the growing crystals technology used for manufacturing any silicon semiconductors including transistors, IC's, microprocessors was developed by Jan Czochralski (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czochralski_method). Thanks to this invention there is now ANY electronics at all...
He came up with the concept, yes. But it was not possible to do back then.
Maybe because Lilienfeld was never able to make a working device? Do you think that may have beeen a factor?
It takes billions of transistors to watch this video from your device itself, combine it with the networks of computers being used to stream the video for you.
Thanks for this God's gift video ... transconductance and variable resistance ... you are ninja of semiconductors
I surprized only 20435 people have watched till now this video.
They're too busy reading about celebrities. Whomever the flavor of the year that the gossip is about. Watching material to help you grow mentally is not a thing that people do generally anymore.
Further proof our country gets dumber by the decade.
True, no one cares about the big brains involved behind the inventions. The human brain is simply unparalleled fast forward to today transistors raise children now
great
So, metal "conductors" are semi-conductors too - just with electron flow at room temperature?
Also, does anyone know if there are anymore videos with George Kupczak?
He retired
Does anybody know about Col. Philip Corso’s comments about the development of transistors at Bell Labs in 1947?
That's really Nobel One.
Bing history of transistor very good
!Asombroso ¡ sencillamente complejo como amplificar el flujo del electron, pero otra cosa sería como almacenar momentaneamente la frecuencia electromagnetica aun no nacia el microchip.
Does it amplify because the electron influence is greater than 1:1 ? Such as: one electron jiggle on the controlled side allows more than one electron to pass on the other circuit? It seems energy is needed to do amplification.
Yes Lou, that is exactly correct. Transistors are characterised in many different ways. One of those characteristics is "beta" which is a measurement of the "current gain" of the transistor. The beta of a typical good quality small signal junction transistor would be around 100. This means that if you send 1 electron into (or out of - transistors are made in both NPN and PNP polarities) the control element (the "base") of a transistor 100 electrons will flow in the output circuit (the "collector") assuming the external circuit makes the electrons available. The third connection of the transistor (the "emitter") is common to both the input and output circuits and will see a flow of 101 electrons. Beta is not a fixed number. Different types (part numbers) of transistors will have different betas and transistors of the same part number can have a range of betas and still be considered as meeting the specification for that part number. The beta of a given transistor will vary with temperature, voltage levels, and the amount of current flow among many other things.
ah the basics. I remember making a home made crystal radio set. Wrapped wires around a toilet paper cardboard tube, ground wire to the steam radiator, a piece of crystal a diode and voila
10:04 Why it this considered an amplifier and not a type of switch? Or is meant that with other circuitry on the switched side an amplifier (or other qualities beyond the vacuum tube) could be designed?
Transistors are used to amplify as well. It's all about how they are wired(circuitry).
@@ShaunMcDngh How does it have this energy to do this amplification? If it is due to the matter used, does that matter eventually deplete?
@@louf7178 Basically a transistor can be used to control a larger voltage/current in a circuit from a smaller voltage/current. There are thousands of different transistors. Some are used to amplify voltage and some better for current, some are better switching applications(again controlling a voltage or current from another voltage or current).
The crystal triode? Hmmm.
มันคือต้นกำเนิดคอมพิวเตอร์
และไฟฟ้าสำคัญยิ่งกว่าเพราะเป็นเชื้อให้เกิดพลังของสสารมวลสาร
ขาดไฟฟ้า ไม่มีไฟฟ้าจึงเป็นใดๆไม่ได้ในโลกปัจจุบัน
Wonder what's next 👽
Real Men Age.
Wars were real, Science were real, life was real.
Such a great comment.
And what was the transition from vacuum tubes to crystals?? Puf!!!! and just like that the property of crystals discovered... right on time...
BESTEEE UNIKE EXEMPLARR FORDVER
14:47 By solar battery, do they mean solar panel?
The ol' Napster Cat is still lurking I see.
Yes, although "panel" usually means large.
"Battery" is commonly used wrongly for "cell" (e.g. dry alkaline cell); a solar "cell" is probably commonly used wrongly because it is a battery of solar cells, and here it surely is a battery of solar cells (performing the similar function of dry cells). Again, a "panel" would be large e.g. on top of a house roof.
There is use of common language terms here.
Walter Bratton's voice is hilarious.
👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾
Sounds at 1:46 belong in a Ren & Stimpy episode!
It works like Dam and water
And Transistor it's electric dam
Transistor ? That's a funny name. I'd have called it a Chuzzwozza ! (:
Awesome documentary. Thanks.
Doh!
Mordern TESLA 🔥🔥
11:09 - GOD POWER! 🙌💫
He is my son.
fujifilm fine pix j11ow
transmister
Imagine sitting down to dinner having discussions about this stuff.... Well, we sit down to TV, we eat sh.... we think sh.... we do sh.... If only they had engineered society with such care. For the good of all, not just the greedy rich !!!
The device that ruined the world.
Agreed but the potential remains. It all depends on how we use it.
Depends on how it's used
that walter brattain ... could have used better communication or 'people' skills it seems ...
It was real. Do you want an overly dramatic, large, solitary stage presence where he "drops the mic' " at the end? - that is a millenial psychotic condition embellished by marketing, media and juvenile behavior.
oh yes i agree - refreshing kinda ... but it's kind of funny in contrast to everytihng that's so over-rehearsed now
These guys were PhD level science geeks. They were not trained presenters. I saw some videos with that look and feel when I was small, and I always thought they sounded cool yet serious.
In Father and King Jesus' Name, Amen ✝️✨
Aand yall wanted to keep that invention for yourselves
Tesla electricity or anti biotics more important invention.
Antibiotics nor Tesla AC couldn´t be controlled and massified without transistors... as well as many other things, from telecommunications to computers...
The word Woman was not used once.
George is the WORST presenter EVER!!! That LISP is just COMICAL!!
Why do you speak like that? Is that some type of accent? Who speaks like that is it some Eastern thing... Maybe if you slow your speech and speak from your chest it will lower the pitch. Just something please!
I came back just to say this video sucked too much to watch. Everyone should Google William Shockley. His bravest work was not the transistor, but his IQ research. He is amazing.
You mean the idea that black people are an intellectually inferior race? Or his proposition that those with an IQ lower than 100 should undergo sterilization? Cut the crap. He undoubtedly was a very smart man but his views regarding intelligence were all but ethical.
Your comment is totally irrelevant. You "came back" to post it? Waste of time.
was that liberace giving the intro to this? this is a very silly 'documentary' - just a crappy news reel for 12 year olds
At&t did not invent the transistor, I hate it when people say that. Corporations do not invent things lol men and women do, so 3 men that worked at bell labs (research department of at&t) did though 🙂