Tiny Shiny Black Holes
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 พ.ค. 2024
- Black holes are one of the most bizarre and terrifying results from general relativity - a singularity of infinite density from which even light cannot escape. Black holes fascinate us and this has led some to wonder if the could even be used as a power source. Micro black holes, that is black holes much lighter than a star, could be one of way of doing this. Today we explore the possibilities of a micro black hole and exactly how it might be possible to turn them into power banks.
Written and Presented by Prof. David Kipping. All planet images/videos shown are artistic impressions and not real photographs, except for the reconstructed image of Messier 87*
You can now support our research program and the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia University: www.coolworldslab.com/support
References:
► Hawking, Stephen (1974), "Black hole explosions?", Nature, 248, 30: www.nature.com/articles/248030a0
► Carter, Brandon (1971), "Axisymmetric Black Hole Has Only Two Degrees of Freedom", Physics Review Letters, 26, 331: journals.aps.org/prl/abstract...
► Newman, E. T., Couch, E., Chinnapared, K., Exton, A., Prakash, A., Torrence, R. (1965), "Metric of a Rotating, Charged Mass", Journal of Mathematical Physics, 6, 918: aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063...
► Crane, L. & Westmoreland, S. (2009), "Are Black Hole Starships Possible", arXiv e-prints 0908.1803: arxiv.org/abs/0908.1803
► Kipping, David (2018), "The Halo Drive: Fuel-free relativistic propulsion of large masses via recycled boomerang photons", Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 71, 458: arxiv.org/abs/1903.03423
Video materials and graphics used:
► ESO animations credit to ESO and Herbert Zodet: www.eso.org/public/videos/eso...
► Sun turning into a black hole credit to ESA/Hubble/M. Kornmesser: • What If The Sun Became...
► Black hole animation credit to CGI 3D Animated Short: "INTRA" by Thomas Vanz: • CGI 3D Animated Short:...
► Black hole merger animation by LIGO Lab Caltech/MIT/Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes: • Two Black Holes Merge ...
► Falling into a black hole animation by Ziri Younsi: • Falling into a black h...
► Hawking radiation animation credit to BBC.
► Dark matter web simulation by Jinrong Xie: • Cosmic Web: What the u...
► Core collapse supernova simulation by Sean Couch: • Petascale Simulation o...
Music used, in chronological order:
► Cylinder Seven (chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) by Chris Zabriskie (chriszabriskie.com/); licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
► Cylinder Eight (chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) by Chris Zabriskie (chriszabriskie.com/); licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
► Cylinder Four (chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/) by Chris Zabriskie (chriszabriskie.com/); licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
► Music from Neptune Flux, "Stories About the World That Once Was" by Chris Zabriskie (chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/); licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
► Music from Halo Drive, "Fusion" by Indive (indive.bandcamp.com); licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (indive.bandcamp.com/album/hal...)
► Music from Neptune Flux, "We Were Never Meant To Live Here" by Chris Zabriskie (chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/); licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
And also...
► Columbia University Department of Astronomy: www.astro.columbia.edu
► Cool Worlds Lab website: coolworlds.astro.columbia.edu
Latest Cool Worlds Videos ► bit.ly/NewCoolWorlds
Cool Worlds Research ► bit.ly/CoolWorldsResearch
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Science of TV/Film ► bit.ly/ScienceMovies
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THANKS FOR WATCHING!!
#TinyShinyBlackHoles #MicroBlackHoles #CoolWorlds - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Happy New Year to everyone! Shot this one whilst out of town so thought we could go for a hike together! And yes I need a gimbal...
Happy new year dear friends
Happy New year prof. :)
Come at this from a different perspective and I believe black holes will yield all the secrets of gravity - what it is about the warping of space-time that causes mass to have gravity in the first place - just .... ... try to imagine a process by which these things could be produced _without_ the need for gravity in the first place, without stars and without any mass around whatsoever. I think we're stuck looking down the wrong path and that collapsing stars is not what gives rise to black holes at all, that something else does, that black holes in fact do not have any mass whatsoever and never did, that there's something else about them which creates their awesome ability to warp space-time. It just looks to us like they have mass because that's the only thing we know of that affects space-time in such a way. I don't think many of us even consider the possibility any more that we're wrong about black holes, we've become convinced we know what's going on but in reality we still barely know anything about them - really only that they warp space-tie like nothing else we know.
..and a drone? :] Thanks for sharing such a satisfyingly intriguing and sensical 20 minutes.
Really wish we get to see more videos uploaded in 2020. Happy NY.
David, good video. _Another_ problem with creating a kugelblitz with even a solar collecting dyson swarm is: once the BH is formed at the Planck mass, you cannot feed it and make it more massive. It's radius (event horizon) is 3.233×10^-35 meters. That is orders of magnitude smaller than the size of a proton, which is 1.5346983×10^-18 meters in radius. It could never grow. It could fall to the center of the earth and would statistically never encounter another atom. And that's only if Hawking was wrong and the thing _doesn't_ evaporate instantly.
If it _does_ evaporate, you can't add any more mass or energy to get it above the Planck mass. You can't add energy by dropping matter into it either for because the radiation pressure would be like trying to push a golf ball into a firehose. You can't add mass from a Dyson swarm of lasers because it would likely radiate energy away faster than you can add more.
And by the way, the LHC can only produce energies up to 14 TeV, which is 2.5×10^-23 kg (well below the Planck mass of 2.1764×10^-8 kg). Such a black hole, if even possible would be 3.707×10^-50 meters in radius. The size of that black hole compared to a proton, is analogous to a proton compared to the orbit of Pluto.
i love your voice and your tone and your story telling it calms me
He should do a asmr video
Same
Professors diction is engaging.
Perhaps
It's because this man is a genius. I found this channel a week or two ago and I cant stop watching
These videos are the perfect synthesis of bold imagination and solid theoretical physics! Thanks so much, I wish all of you a happy new year!
This channel has provided me the best stuff in 2019....and what a way to end the year....thanks Professor Kipping.....
2020 will surely be a great year for everyone. Happy new year!
I am shocked that this channel doesnt have a million+ subs! Such great story telling, and visualization. Hope that your influence spreads far.
Seriously, when I looked up this topic, I had to see if Coolworlds had done anything on it yet. I just don't trust all the other channels. This guy is a real scientist, and not just a sensationalist TH-camr
@@josephhausser3096 who else are you talking about? The other guys I watch that are big like him are all astrophysists and cosmologist lol
Great video to finish 2019. I hope 2020 will be a good year for habitable exoplanet discoveries. Happy new year!
Feliz año nuevo
Thanks so much! Yes lots to look forward to
Soooo... how's 2020 been treating you? Not a comment which aged well...
@@NoJusticeNoPeace Best year of my life.
Well, it wasn't. 2020 has been a nightmare.
I had a small black hole that I put on my mantle, just like you mentioned at the end of your video. It was a nice conversation piece for a short while. Unfortunately it and the mantle seem to have fallen into the center of the Earth. I'm trying to get my money back from the manufacturer, but they seem to have disappeared from the surface of the Earth as well. This seems to be a constant problem with companies like this, according to the reviews I've read online.
17:13 A thousand megawatts!? That's almost 1.21 jigawatts! Great Scott!
The planck energy is actually about 2 gigajoules, so that's enough to power 2 flux capacitors for a second each, and how long do you even need to power it for anyway, a split second, right?
Winfield ScottEdit
John William De Forest, in Miss Ravenel's Conversion from Secession to Loyalty(1867) reports the exclamation as referring to Winfield Scott, general‑in‑chief of the U.S. Army from 1841 to 1861:
I follow General Scott. No Virginian need be ashamed to follow old Fuss and Feathers. We used to swear by him in the army. Great Scott! the fellows said.[4]
Fire comment
At 88 miles per hour!!!
Your are one of the coolest scientists I have seen! And somehow I have the feeling that you have amazing personality as well! :) Keep exploring, never stop this is journey worth lining. Happy new, year!!!
MIND BLOWN once again. Great way to end the year kind Sir thank you!!!!!
The Long awaited Cool Worlds, return with another awesome instalment into the Universe.
Easily my new favourite channel. Love you m8!
Outstanding video. Most coherent explanation of Hawking radiation that I have heard. Keep posting
Wow. Absolutely incredible video! Thought provoking and very insightful, great job.
The mantle piece idea mentioned at the end, now that’s a conversation starter
My favorite astrophysics TH-camr
Thank you David. Your work is beautiful
Great to watch. Thanks Cool Worlds. Iam a big fan of your story's. I wish you and everyone a good newyear.
Love the outdoor talk format!
Again... fascinating !!! Thanks and happy new year !!! Salute YOU !!!
Thank you for doing one of the few intelligent, non-patronizing science channels.
Happy New Year Professor. I look forward to your 2020 Cool Worlds Lab videos and hearing more about your Halo Drive propulsion system. We really need innovative minds like yours that think outside the box. That's the only way we can reach those exoplanets with those Techno & Bio Signatures!
Awesome as always
I am addicted to your channel
Cannot wait for your new ones
Happy new year, looking forward to the next year of content from your channel.
Happy New Year David and the squad
from Australia
Please keep these videos comming, this is just great. I always learn something new and already regret that I didnt continue in research after finishing my physics degree.
Hi David, I love your videos, research and explanations. I’m a huge fan. Thank you!
Regarding tiny black holes... with the mass of a mountain... 600,000,000 tons... let’s call it Yakob - given that Freddy had an event horizon of about a micron and was massive enough to produce gravitational tidal forces that would rip us apart at a few hundred meters - I imagine that Yakob would have an event horizon with radius much smaller than an angstrom and produce those tidal gravity effects at tiny distances too... so wouldn’t Yakob have a very hard time growing even if it fell into the center of the earth? It could only trap atoms that came super close to it. Right?
So I imagine Yakob falling to the center of the earth virtually unimpeded, accelerating as it reached the center, then decelerating as it came close to the surface of the opposite side and back again... forming an orbit inside of the earth! We would only be able to detect it as a periodic perturbation of the local gravitational field every time it came back to our part of the planet’s surface... well that and the gamma rays that it would emit. Did I understand that correctly?
Thank you.
love the way you explain
Awesome production quality! I hope 2020 looks like this 👍.
Thank you, that was really great!!
Thoroughly enjoy your thinking. It's challenging but I can literally fwel my horizons expanding. Good things to you.
Great video !!!
Happy new year !
Always look forward to your videos! There’s something about the style and tone I love
Another beautifully delivered presentation. Though it may not be exactly your field of speciality, I'd love to hear you talk about fusion power one of these days!!
Hi! Every video from the author is interesting and informative!! Thanks a lot)
Love your videos. Thanks.
This man strikes a peculiar balance between relaxing communication of science and the existential horror in science. I can fall asleep listening to his simultaneously relaxing communication and deeply distressing explanations.
Hey, it's very nice to see you cover that topic, and I had more or less the same ideas a while back, and I always had some questions, remarks relative to how to manage a micro blackhole, so why not share them with you all ? English is not my native language so sorry for silly mistakes.
Okay so let's assume we manage to create such a blackhole with the power-output of a classical powerplant.
First, a remark... If we use energy to create a blackhole to extract energy from its hawking radiation, we don't have an energy source, just a very, very long term battery. Unless we find a way to feed matter to the blackhole, to compensate the mass lost to evaporation. In that case the blackhole become a very useful powersource that can extract 100% of the energy equivalent of the mass we put in. (assuming that hawking radiations are only made of photons, which I know is wrong below a certain mass)
The problem is... How to feed such a blackhole ? after all, a blackhole like that would have a diameter of 14 femtometers, which is, if i'm not wrong, of the same order of magnitude of a proton, or even an electron. So first, you'll need to be very precise when feeding the blackhole, and second, how would it even react ? Let's push it to the limit and imagine I have a blackhole smaller than an electron... If I try to feed it an electron, wouldn't the electron just... Pass right through it or something ? It's hard to figure out how a particule would interact (if it even can) with an object that small, and I suppose you need to use quantum physics to answer that question... A blackhole like that would be very hard to feed, and also to charge electrically.
Also a cool idea for exploiting a non charged blackhole would be to have it in orbit around the Earth, enclosed in a space station used as a powerplant that would beam the energy back to Earth. The station would ajust it's orbit around the blackhole to compensate the outside forces acting on the station, to keep the station and the blackhole still relative to one another.
Again sorry for my broken english. hope that message fit nice with the video !
Great video as always. Out of curiosity is there any theoretical way to harness the power of the black holes gravity?
Happy new year Dr. kipping!
Loved your video of going beyond the no return to your galaxy and beyond into the blackness without no stars or galaxies! It put me right to sleep like a baby!
I love this TH-cam channel bro have good 2020 wish ur dreams about space drive comes true
Wonderfully presented as always, although after watching it 3 times I'm still trying to get my head round the scales and numbers! Maybe am isn't the best time to try!
First off i just came across your channel and its fantastic, second the like to dislike ratio of your videos gives me hope for humanity, third my main point, i didn't read all 383 comments so im not sure if someone suggested it but could you use two micro black holes that have been some how been polarized much like how magnets are, to create wormholes even though they have been disproven more or less. I guess im asking could you use these micro black holes like a wormhole train that can on forwards or backwards in set points
You are awesome and finally , someone who speaks slowly =|)
Thank you! My favorite are black holes!
Great video. I think there's a problem with the electrically charged tungsten sphere trapping the electrically charged black hole. I believe such a sphere has zero electrical field within the sphere. Thus, in van de Graff generators, electrons within the spherical ball on top actually migrate out to the surface of the sphere, they don't collect in the center.
Still, it should be possible, in theory, to suspend the black hole in an electric field between two charged plates. The intensity of the field would need to be adjusted constantly to ensure the black hole stays midway between the plates. The darned thing, though, would preferentially attract charged particles to become electrically neutral.
Really, the only good/safe way to keep the black hole from falling to the center of the earth is to form it in orbit. Preferably a distant solar orbit.
Yes great point! I tried to illustrate this with the white break in the sphere diagram, it’s actually two hemispherical plates that surround the BH, because of it was one sphere then it would be a unipotential ball.
@@CoolWorldsLabyeah, that's what I was thinking.
@@CoolWorldsLab If you could manipulate negative energy, could you surround the black hole with a ring of negative energy that would create a bubble of negatively curved space?(like a negative energy cosmic string)
This would shield the black hole from the Earth's gravity.
@@scifirealism5943 Negative energy leads to paradoxes, it cannot exist.
I don't know who's crazier, Prof David for making these videos or us for watching them.
Cool worlds is by far the best space channel out there. 🚀🚀🚀
A new Cool Worlds video! Thank goodness, I was going through serious Cool Worlds withdrawal symptoms....!!
Haha don’t worry we’re not going anywhere! It’s hard balancing my time between research and making videos!
In the meantime there's always Isaac Arthur!
"Or put it on your mantle-piece?" lolz :)
I really was happy you added the 'reality' at the end, in terms of just how much energy we are talking about to make a tiny black hole, just so it is clear just how far from being 'ready' we currently are.
I would hope we are using your Halo Drive to get us around our local part of the galaxy long before we try to create our own personal sized black holes to put in our back pockets! I think we are far from being smart enough (collectively) to have such a potential source of destruction at our finger tips ;)
This channel is disgustingly underrated.
Brilliant and captivating as usual. Any ideas about how we might detect another civilization using this as a technology for space travel or power generation or something else?
Black holes have the same sort of fascination as Tyrannosaurus rex, the biggest badass imaginable.
Happy New Year to all, and especially to you, Prof. Kipping.
Excellent thoughts! I was thinking of harnessing the power of holes in spaghetti hoops, but the tomato sauce keeps gumming up the works. Anyway, Happy New Year, and thanks for the food for thought (better than Xmas dinner)!
Great video! You discussed power and size scenarios that I always wondered about for black holes! 😊
Amazing episode and I'm a fan of your Channel. Well presented ideas 💡 although I must say, sometimes you blow my mind and I have to take a break to contemplate 😉
Love you Professor Kipping, listening to you always makes me feel immortal. Keep up your good work. Merry Christmas.
The only safe place to create a black hole is in earth's orbit. Imagine a problem in cooling system and the whole planet is destroyed!
Ye it seems outrageously risky to have near to anything you care about
Yeah but cooling things in a vacuum space is a whole another can of worms.
@@NoHandleToSpeakOf You don't need to cool it in space, as you won't need any structure around to levitate it. However to harvest power from it, you need to be close, because of the inverse square law. depending of material strength, you might be able to get as close as 4 times closer than 50km mentioned in this video. However that will still be quite far away to get any serious power, so you need a dyson sphere structure, that can absorb hard Gamma rays, and some avionics to keep the sphere around the black hole centered. let me try this with numbers: 12.5km radius sphere has an area of 1963.5 sq km. 1Gw spread out over such an area is 509000 Watt per sqkM! around 1/5'th the intensity of solar radiation on the surface of Earth! So really not worth the hassle. I can't really think of a structure that can withstand the spaghettification to be close enough to get any meaningful power densities out of a small black hole??? Tungsten has a very high melting point but the same density as Gold, so really not something to build anything strong of in a sharp gravitational gradient. You could place a spinning ring shaped reflector around it, that would counter the pull, but a rotating reflector will have a small surface, and to be much closer, would still experience radial spaghettification between the inside and the outside of the ring, so break apart, even if the rotational speed was matched to the gravitational pull
@@Tore_Lund That is a great insight into practical energy gathering of a black hole. Thanks!
@@NoHandleToSpeakOf I think it will be considered the stupidest idea ever, even for an alien highly advanced civilization to try this, compared to the small amount of practical energy , it is possible to get out of this!
Hello and congrats!
I am a huge fan of "how universe works" stuff, and your videos, are by far the best explained I ever saw.
But I have a question.
The black holes have a limited mass. So why there should be an infinite density? I understand that we cannot see the black hole itself, and we cannot calculate the density...but in my opinion... there has no reason why it must have infinite density or to be all concentrated in one point. It may be an even more exotic mater than quarks, something that didn't respect our math or physics.
Finally limitless smartphone batteries 🙃
Amazing video as usual!
Not only do i enjoy the content of your videos, i also spent over an hour trying to fall to sleep last night. Turned on this video and tried to focus on listening to it and fell to sleep in just a few mins 🤣
thank you from France for all your videos which give me a lot of thoughts, and keep calm in front of the corona virus... has one ever thought of a corona black hole ?
Dude.... Yours are the very best physics videos. Thanks a 1x10^5
So compelling-in an alarming way. I just today learned about Reva Williams, who first worked out the Penrose Process-if I understand it-the loss of angular momentum by Black Holes, not so different from the mechanism that permits Hawking radiation? I wonder if that energy could somehow be mechanically “geared” into use.
Just one of the best!
Prof. David Kipping: "...an interstellar propulsion system that I devised -The Halo Drive...I'm also working on a way to use the Halo Drive as a way to use it as an in-situ power station without propulsion..."
Whereas I've spent 3 weeks working on what the best hinges are to replace the ones on my wardrobe and thought I had life goals...😳
Hey where do you get your amazing outro music?
❤️❤️❤️ Happy new year to you too. Hope we will get more awesome videos in 2020.
The idea of creating a black hole had never entered my mind. (And then the end was depressing, as it seems it's not possible.)
But now I'm intrigued. Does anyone know of any good sci fi movies or books that deal with this idea? Honestly, I'd never thought or heard of this idea before, not even in fiction!
Love this elaborate "thought experiment" concerning small black holes!
I highly recommend the black hole episodes on Isaac Arthur's channel then (and the channel in general TBH).
Fanny Craddock! I just saw Fanny Craddock! Fanny Craddock baking a black hole, wow. (1960's BBC)
Totally putting that micro black hole on my desk
Thank you, have a happy and successful 2020, and never stop dreaming!
gx from Vienna
Do you have any opinions on the Schwarzschild Proton model?
Impressive. The manner of which you present makes everything feel intuitive. As an almost 50-year-old, I would have loved to have been taught by you as a teacher in Science. Might have actually learned a lot, instead of "that's what the book says" type teacher.
As long as you are capable, please keep posting these videos - maybe it's not too late for me to learn something! ;-)
Thank you Professor - you and all the folks at Cool Worlds are just what this world needs!
Your videos are great! Quick suggestion, get a stabilized gimbal for this type of video, while you're walking around the video is shaking like crazy and it's extremely distracting.
Yup I agree! This was a video shot without much gear with me so just had use what I had!
@@CoolWorldsLab It was still fantastic, thanks for making this kind of content!
To you maybe, but it wasn't "extremely" distracting to me. I thought it was creative and comfortable to watch. It plays on the brain's tendency to think creatively when walking, even if on the screen.
But I must say, of course, attempting to balance this little black hole "somehow" seems rather insane.
What mic do you use good sir?
You guys are growing so fast, can’t wait for what 2020 is gonna look like!
Is it possible to buy a poster with these pictures of black holes. Specifically, the ones in this video
Hawking radiation is one idea of how to square the existence of black holes with quantum mechanics. As you say in another context, this is an entirely theoretical phenomenon. No one has observed Hawking radiation, and it is unlikely to be observed by humans anytime soon, even if it turns out to exist. Until such evidence appears, I'll remain skeptical about Hawking radiation being more than mathematical duct tape covering a hole in the leaky hull of an incomplete physics.
Of course, you discuss more immediate problems for anyone looking to manufacture small black holes for fun and profit. A dose of reality on that topic was overdue on TH-cam, so thanks for providing it. You could have gone further elaborating uncomfortable truths about living near black holes - even tiny ones - but you have at least given overexcited futurists a taste of the formidable obstacles to using black holes as engineering shortcuts.
Thanks for sharing your walk. This video reminds me I could use a walk myself.
Black holes are the rock stars of the universe.
I like very much this channel. Intended for superior intellects.
A question:
It's my understanding that black holes 'evaporate' progressively faster as they loose mass and when they do finally disappear they go with an almighty bang. That being the case if micro/primordial-black holes are thing where are all the explosions?
To put it better are any of the known phenomena in our universe consistent with such behavior? eg: Might this be one of the causes of GRB's? Although I don't recall any physicist invoking micro back holes as a possible cause.
PS
On the subject of using small back holes as a power source I can't help feeling the case is very dubious. On Earth:
-A black hole is really only a battery so it's only benefit is it's energy density.
-The energy required to make one here would surely boil away our atmosphere in the process - no so useful.
-'Dropping' one for any reason at all means the end of our world, slow or fast. That's one hell of a risk for the sake of a convenient sized power source.
I guess the risk vs benefit ratio for powering a 'space ship' might be rather different but how do you make one?
-Do you go micro-black hole 'mining'? Do they exist naturally, how? Actually finding and trapping one would be a far from trivial task
-Maybe use the Sun as a power source for making a Kugelblitz? Ok, feasible, but accidentally drop just one in to your local star and it's goodnight.
..
I would suggest our talking about using black holes for this kind of purpose is rather like Victorians turning cannon shells in to space ships. Yes, we can see the logic, but from our perspective it's obviously silly, and these days we don't even have to consider such silliness because we have more practicable ways to get in to space our Victorian brethren could not have conceived.
If I had a small black hole... I'd stick it where the sun don't shine. Lol. A little physics humor there! Nice video.
Dear Dr Kipping How about super massive black holes? Could the primordial universe provide the right conditions for their formation? For instance could matter moving near the speed of light collapse into black holes of all sizes? Thanks
It's easy to calculate how long black holes last and figure out their temperatures, because a black hole with the Planck Mass decays in the Planck Time and has a temperature of the Planck Temperature, and the decay time increases with the cube of its mass and their temperature decreases inversely in proportion to their mass. So you can calculate pretty easily the thermodynamic temperature of a black hole with the mass of the moon and how long it lasts for instance.
I hope you can explain about CERN Project
I'm sure whenever the day comes that humanity starts building Planck sized blackholes hazard pay will be in the union contract lol. Great video as always and Happy New Year!
Just wanna thank Becky for pointing me to your channel, wish I found it earlier!
Very interesting
I vaguely remember Cixin Lui writing about this in Deaths End
Great idea for future power source except that if there is a failure we all die.
Would a tiny black hole as a lab device (perhaps in orbit for safety) give us any way to test theories of quantum gravity?
Yes - Studying those last few moments of evaporation and the particles produced would be incredibly insightful for testing extensions to the Standard Model.
You can't have one that is small enough that you could keep in a lab on the surface of a planet and yet large enough that it wouldn't evaporate immediately in a big explosion (that also would likely set off vacuum decay and destroy the whole universe). There's no middle ground. It's either too massive to contain, too hot to contain, or both.
@@medexamtoolsdotcom Sure you can, the explosion may be large but its not like a supernova, a planck mass black hole evaporates with an energy of only half a ton of TNT. Obviously you wouldn't be able to keep it on a desk but some future laboratory capable of creating such black holes will surely be able to contain an explosion that small.
I took Crane & Westmoreland's idea for a black hole space drive and extended it by staggering the masses of several BHs. This works well as an enhanced space drive. I needed a nonlinear optimiser to get the best set of masses, since an analytic solution seemed impossible.
Neat, how did you stagger them exactly?
Use mirrors to direct sunlight into lasers away from Earth at a random point in space. Those directed lasers focus enough energy at that point to create a small black hole that could then be used to power starships or space stations. The biggest problem is like you said, containing such a small dense beast. The mass would have to be small enough to hold with practical materials yet the output energy from "hawking radiation" would probably be so great that it would irradiate anything holding it.
Professor when you speak of infinite do you mean " Infinite is a math term used to represent something that cannot be counted" ? When a star collapses isn't the force it exerts still gravity? So for a dark hole to grow in strength it would need more mass, but how could it draw in more if its gravitational force is the same as when it was a star? Thank you for another fascinating video. One more question, was the location of your shoot purposeful or happenstance ? Happy New Year!
Yes a black hole doesn’t have any more gravity than before it collapsed (in fact likely less due to shells being blown off during the nova). They don’t necessarily have to grow of course, but if they do it will be through material getting close, close enough to get ripped apart by the tides then stream into the black hole in an accretion disk over a much longer time. Of course they can merge with other black holes too. The origin of super massive black holes is a mystery, we really don’t understand how they could grow that big in 13 billion years.
This is one way to end 2019! Great Video as always, I can't wait for the things to come in 2020 and the next decade, maybe in a few years when and IF the JWST comes online (pls don't explode on launch or fail close to Lagrange Point) I see a lot of potential discoveries that you others can report on, and I totally would love to get your take on this new science. Especially on upcoming observations regarding Expolantes. /cheers and a happy New Year everyone!
Great mind opener.... very interesting..... a treasure on TH-cam.
Black holes man... heaaavy!