How Sugar is Made
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 11 ก.ค. 2023
- Sugar has been a part of the human diet since olden times. It was introduced to the Western world by the Arabs who brought both the plant and the knowledge for its cultivation to Sicily and Spain in the eighth and ninth centuries.
However, sugar remained an expensive spice up until the 1800s mainly due to the hassle involved in its production. But the industrial revolution changed all that and now the industry is worth 67 billion dollars.
So how is sugar made?
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Here I am, no longer in any school or uni to procrastinate to, just on a friday night, watching how sugar is made. Worth it
Here I am watching it to learn English and it was a homework from my teacher
You thought you would be done learning after school?
I live in Jamaica our sugar is not refined to the typical white sugar its a golden color and the crystals much larger. India was the first country to make refined white sugar.
We have that in England its called damarera sugar I think or brown sugar
@@DavidDavid-ip1xfthat's from Guyana 🇬🇾 where I'm from
India has 4 types of sugars that each use is different from one another. White sugar is used mainly for coffee or tea. Vellum or also known as Jangri is used in Indian Traditional Cooking & desserts as well. Brown sugar (light brown sugar & dark brown sugar) is used for baking, candies, etc.
@rosenibohorquez Yes that would be nice but what I want more is a chest to pin it on. I'm a frail old man and the weight of the medal might make me fall over. Make it a small one something nice maybe gold plated.
whige sugar is more addictive than cocaine. and it is a health hazzard
Mistake…the sugar juice is not boiled at higher pressures but at lower pressures by means of vacuum systems (condensers and vacuum pumps). This allows boiling to take place at lower temperatures and thus prevents carmelizing…or scorching…of the sugar.
I’m glad that someone else caught that!
I came here to say that. You gave a good explanation. Food engineer here.
I caught that too!
That... was way more convoluted than I expected
🤯
@@Factora_engqqq
th-cam.com/video/X3lyIbawuGU/w-d-xo.html 👈
I was expecting three steps max 😂
4:25 I believe the correct statement should be “higher pressure = higher boiling temperature”
its meant to be lower pressure
I am curious as to how these machines were designed to perform all of these tasks. 🤔
I always wonder the same thing
Me too, but I think it's a culmination of trial and error; also, a plethora of onset research done by other resources that have similar scientific issues and methods of refinement required to produce a higher and more strict yield.
suppose to be studying for an exam but here i am 😂🤦♂
These factories must be at war with ants. Constantly.
Next Up! How Insulin is Made.
Nah next up, how beet sugar is made.
I am from Nigeria we use brown sugar for baking and more and we also use white sugar for baking and making snacks, drinking garri, Tea and more
It's too bad that so few ppl can appreciate the luxury of walking to the store and picking up a bag of sugar, when so many things had to align, come together and be done to a plant. Which finally turns into the bagged goods we purchase at the store.
You should check out how vanilla is grown
@@ck8191 there are many small miracles that other humans perform for us, to experience the comfort of handing over a piece of paper or metal for another thing, who's value supposedly represents a fair exchange of goods and services.
Never thought it was so complicated to extract sugar from cane. How about the process from beets? The video gave an intro about the source from beets, but missed on the factory process of extracting sugar from beets. Would love to see that as well.
I work in the industry and it’s the exact same process. The only difference is our molasses product is too high in minerals and people don’t like it, but animals do, no part goes to waste.
Thank you @@Steevo69!
It's pretty cool to see the sugar beets go to the factory and how they go from beets to sugar, really cool to see the brown sugar, the sugar with molasses, in a centrifuge and spun. The molasses goes to storage vats and the now white sugar goes to be bagged and shipped.
I've been to two factorys and got to see the process.
Kind of neat you see our beets go from seeds to beets growing to harvest - the defoliator removing the leaves, the digger pulling the beets out of the ground, the beets then going up a chain elevator and the beets going into our trucks -the boxes of our straight trucks ( the front of the box lifts up with the end gate opening to let the beets fall out and into the hopper of the beet piler) and the live bottom trailers (a belt on the bottom of the trailer moves from the front of the trailer to the rear, then circles back to the front to push the beets out of the trailer into the hopper of the beet piler), up the conveyor belt of the piler to be piled until the rehaul semi trucks haul the beets from the pile to the factory.
I've seen that part many times from more than a few of our trucks over the years. And the beets make a very loud noise when they get dropped on the roof of your beet truck 😄 definitely makes sure we drivers are awake
Sometimes we will see a red sugar beets or a red and white striped sugar beets in the field, but those are fairly rare
@@roku5071 I have seen a decent number of red and striped beets this year. Leaves look like chard.
@@Steevo69 we haven't started early harvest yet and I admit that I haven't gone too far into the fields this year.
I have seen cages heading south to the factory on Labor Day already
One of the most addictive substances on earth.
OMG, who thought, 'if I go through all these different processes I'll have sugar?'
I thought they crushed it, took the juice out, let it dry, similar to salt, and bagged it. 😂
That’s how panela sugar is made in Colombia. Very natural
@milliondollarman13 In Australia, we have sugar Mills, and they produce local brown and raw sugar as well as white sugar. But I'd never much thought about the process involved in processing the sugar cane.
😂😂😂😂😂waaaah t
@@zackh9722 😂🤦♀️🤣
Wow this channel has some really interesting content. It's a great way to appreciate all the work and intelligence involved in creating the products that enhance our lives so much.
Glad you enjoy it!
Stay away from sugar
"enhances"
@@thevoid6756 😆 I was just about to say the same thing..
Astonishing number of factual errors, many of them either/or situations too! I find it hard to comprehend how a person who is smart enough to read that script convincingly would not edit out some of the more glaring errors -- I'll give one example from right in the last two or three seconds, the sugar is not kept in a "high humidity" environment to keep it from caking, it's actually kept in a "low humidity" environment for exactly that purpose. See, either/or, up/down, and this video gets it wrong. "Higher pressure" means it "boils at a lower temperature", really? Huh? Go head, subscribe to this channel and spend your time getting stupider but do it with scientific precision I guess. Tragically bad channel!
How did they do this in the 1600s? Smart people.
Crazy 🤯
This needs to be re-titled:
"How Cancer, Diabetes, Obesity and Sky-high Health Insurance are Made"
😂 literally
Let's not forget the slaves that were brought from Africa to Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, etc.
How long does it take, from the time raw cane is delivered to the refinery to the time white sugar is sent to the packaging line? This is the only thing missing from an excellent video.
They didn’t reply to let you know but hearted it lol
In my knowledge, depend on the process. But considering the process in the video of removing colour using sulfitation, sugar production from raw to finish product should take less than 24 hour to complete.
I can't say if it is the same for cane or beet, but in sugarbeet refining it is around 36-48 hours from dirty sugar beet to dry finished sugar
The process is amazing to see, but it just reaffirmed why I shouldn't be using sugar.
My Father worked at Illovo sugar Millfor 42 years ...he used to say a lot of Dangerous chemicals they added to sugar during processing...yet he would bring sugar home...
OMG…the process takes forever. How is sugar not $100/lb.?
The answer is simple: Volume, and cheap raw ingredients. Sugar beets are very cheap cause easy to grow, and they sell a LOT of sugar. Obviously, if you were to go through this process only to produce 1kg/day let's say, that 1kg would cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. They obviously produce tons and tons of sugar on a yearly basis, sold worldwide, driving the cost down :)
look at how shitty the conditions in which it's made are.
@@MrSuperOurs 'tons and tons of sugar on a yearly basis' - try on a daily or hourly basis.
@@SkrifftheDragon honestly they actually look pretty good, and even those factories that are lab grade clean still can produce cheap sugar.
Its low inputs and high volumes that keep it cheap
Don't you have the temp and pressures boiling backwards? The higher the pressure the higher, the higher the boiling point. I.E. radiators in cars.
its meant to be a lower pressure not higher
A complicated,intricate process indeed❤
Cambodia made sugar pastes-like from Palm juice which is also our One of our national treasure.
It taste alot better than typical sugar
As a bread maker,I enjoy watching this, similar to how flour is made from wheat
💪💪
Sugar is made by plant photosynthesis. This video shows how it is processed.
I love seeing things like this to remind us that those who provide us with things like this and food is a privilege, not a right. Without farmers, workers, machines, and factories, we would not have food. People seem to forget the amount of work that goes into providing society. Instead, they don't care and just think someone 'else' has an obligation to provide for them. But in reality, the only right you have is to provide for yourself. No one is obligated to provide you anything. Instead, it is a privilege, a service. And I for one, am very thankful to all our farmers, truckers, workers, scientist, and engineers that make it all possible. Without you, we would have none of this. So, thank you!!
Did you just forget there was life before all the above mentioned?
The above demonstrates the value of production. Prior days were tedious and long to create the items that we can simply buy off the shelf in an instant. It is amazing how much work/effort goes into making something we see as simple white sweetness.
@@patriciapecci8241 There was, life expectancy was 30-40 years then too. Ready to go back yet?
@@Steevo69 A big lie.Africans have always lived beyond the age of 70. It's only now with these processed food we start seeing people die young. That life expectancy was just nonsense for the books.
Air, water and food are absolutely rights of humans, without which there are no humans.
This was well narrated and quite informative. Thank you.
So educative, love it.
Astonishing number of factual errors, many of them either/or situations too! I find it hard to comprehend how a person who is smart enough to read that script convincingly would not edit out some of the more glaring errors -- I'll give one example from right in the last two or three seconds, the sugar is not kept in a "high humidity" environment to keep it from caking, it's actually kept in a "low humidity" environment for exactly that purpose. See, either/or, up/down, and this video gets it wrong. "Higher pressure" means it "boils at a lower temperature", really? Huh? Go head, subscribe to this channel and spend your time getting stupider but do it with scientific precision I guess. Tragically bad channel!
I hope somebody reading this can help us Eastern Michigan. We have a company name pioneer sugar the last few years they really started dumping into the black river. We get a constant foam from the plant now we’ve called several times reported it but nothing gets done they just shrug it off and say it’s organic, but we have to put up with the odors and the disgusting look that floats across the water game and fish. Won’t do anything about it either. I am so furious. .😡😡😡 what can we do To stop this
In Jamaica we are taught about this from an early age as part of our hsitory
WOW
so many steps
Yes 🤯
Did not know it was such a process. Makes me wonder how people figured this all out. Also neat that they seem to have a use for just about all the byproduct.
I always wonder how people looked at at leaf and said we can make cocaine from that
People had a LOT of free time back in the day comparatively speaking. 90% of them were also farmers. We first used bees for honey. Then we used beets and nowadays its mostly sugar canes but historically speaking, refined sugar is a pretty new & devastating invention that has completely ruined our health globally.
from the supernatural.
read the book of Enoch
@@suzanne26slinger 😮 which chapter?
@@ngamben311 I would not really say food but make up and other things read the book of Enoch the fallen angels taught men.
What a complicated process
Highly informative 💯
Thanks!
Astonishing number of factual errors, many of them either/or situations too! I find it hard to comprehend how a person who is smart enough to read that script convincingly would not edit out some of the more glaring errors -- I'll give one example from right in the last two or three seconds, the sugar is not kept in a "high humidity" environment to keep it from caking, it's actually kept in a "low humidity" environment for exactly that purpose. See, either/or, up/down, and this video gets it wrong. "Higher pressure" means it "boils at a lower temperature", really? Huh? Go head, subscribe to this channel and spend your time getting stupider but do it with scientific precision I guess. Tragically bad channel!
It blows me away that this is profitable. All the energy used for boiling and drying alone is insane.
the energy consumption vs. the profit Is indeed an interesting thought..
May be its a volume business and not everyone is not producing sugar at this scale to cover the market demand .perhaps...
Cane sugar uses the left over plant fiber as fuel for a boiler
Thanks for sharing this informative video
So nice of you
Wow that's a long process
Finally no hidden stuff like how it work show
Good Work
My wife's family was involved in the refining process. Her sisters husband owned ensugar in Brazil. He called me to help find a doctor and hospital for wife's sister with cancer. I was the only person that helped and I also opened my home to them. Her chance of success if done in America was slim and would probably be in a wheel chair. 7 months later she walked off the plane and had a future. I was supposed to be a partner in a small company for 3yrs of letting them stay in my home. I found out I was eliminated from the company and someone that never helped was not. They stayed in hotels after that and I never participated in any event since
My parents used to work in a sugar refinary and that was where they met and fell in love❤.
I'm from Guangxi, China and sugar production is one major industry in my province. My father's current business is to supply local sugar refineries with food-grade sulfur which is one of the agents needed in making brown sugar into caster sugar.
Sweet
I would be interested to see how a sugar like piloncillo is made.
Great video ! Thank you !
Thank you too!
4:24 - This is an error. Evaporators are not under increased pressure, they are usually under vacuum. Vacuum reduces the boiling temperature. If the evaporators were under increased pressure like the video says that would actually increase the boiling point, not reduce it.
Yeah, a vacuum pan is used in boiling the sugar to form massecuite
Bagasse cellulose can be made into sanitary towels and diaper-nappies when the crop is grown in countries where displaced peoples have aid and jobs, thereby having them as part of a staff package so that points are earned for the sanitary-towels which have OAuth2OpenIDConnectWalletFoundation Q-R codes and hashes written all over them _(printed adhoc per person associated, along with altitude, longitude, bearings and altitude and time-date stamps on them)._ In the right timeline, rather than only being 'free no-matter-what' female-hygiene products get "beeped" and dropped off for disease testing at automatic biology lab booths or female lavatories in exchange for earned-points. In various forms (sometimes refined) sugar travels well (especially glucose) as a "dead-food" which never goes off, and Israel rightly include it as a MRE prepping. Where high salted soils _(Australia being an example but other world locations such as the Islamic world regions)_ struggle to grow crops, selectively bred salt tolerant crops (like rice) can be grown whereby solar _(and sometimes 'nuclear burned' radioactive waste fuels)_ power desalination of water which is then used to flood the arid soils _(eventually using up the salts and reducing the salt in the soils as a byproduct of the actions)_ and feed people. Hydroponics in addition can be boosted by the sugars (as a plant food) to supplement artifical light crops to grow early before being planted outside. The aforementioned digital identifying technologies can track everything _(such as by Markov-chains, and Gaussian-heatmaps or kernel density estimation like Parzen-Rosenblatt window method or a non-probability solution via Lorenz-versus-Laplacian weighting)_ for logistics too.
Ethanol dual motorbikes (and electric) can overcome range-anxiety, as can small _(Ford-Fiesta postman-Pat sized vans)_ which can run on pyrolysis diesel-dual-battery powered charging motors to overcome range anxiety or the need to have more pulling power for heavy loads or for transporting 2 people in the front with a cargo or folding up the passenger seats as an extra 2 rows for 6 or more people like a Citroen DX might have done.
The main thing though is that sugar, if stored right, simply will not expire as a glucose molecule and neither do some salts thereby making it worthy as a displaced-people's MRE food and low-power computing energy source. Even though grain silos are a reasonable source of carbohydrate and proteins _(especially if legumes or beans are added into a dish),_ salt tolerant crops like rice (with added multivitamin pills) can make a sugar sweeten dish, at which point, in order to qualify to get it, the person has to use their digital identity nagging prepping material to look after their teeth and get the dental powder associated. Ethanol _(and other alcohols including propanol or methanol, and acids associated like methanoic acid for frost removale at aircrafts)_ can be used in training for jobs for cleaning (hygiene) and electronics and fueling. Various plant celluloses can be made into tiger-token or benson-and-hedges tokens style coupon-vouchers as collector cards for prepping information and earned comms connections data allowances.
Corn-Syrup is sometimes more useful but really that is down to geographical location of optimised crop growing techniques and export logistics and costing. Where those crops are less likely to be a model that works with business analysis, the sugars serve the above functions. Geothermal power (Italy, New Zealand, Iceland, various USA influenced lands) is so abundant a power source technology that its desalination technologies can be used to support that such as bringing potable and crop usage water to the South of New Zealand, at which point the extraction of valuable periodic table elements (and molecules) from the byproduct salts can be powered also by geothermal or volcanism power technologies. Sugar however (for example in the glucose form) is not only portable but can sit in a place as a prepping stock and it won't expire if treated well. Humic material byproduct matter can be used to make improved soils in barren regions whereby growing trees and similar crops can reduce the surface temperature to increase rainfall such that the rain does not evaporate before hitting the ground. Geothermal "greenhouse basements" in Iceland to grow chocolate _(mitigated by artifical light hydroponics)_ would be rather nifty, as would pineapple. Dates in Lebanon via an Ecopeace style model with Jordan would be a good desalination or water-management income approach for locals, just as long as efficiency was heavily computerised _(which is also handy because you additionally end up wih a Rosetta-Stone effect for documentation and man-pages and proprietary software)._ That whole Middle_East barren landscape is like a Mars-Rover computer potential to deploy a bunch of computing _(including Linux and BSD and OpenIndiana of course, plus proprietary softwares)_ so that the homework _(and means to get media creation going)_ is there before the people show up the moreso. Deploying British UK QWERTY keyboards is important, emphasising the pronunciation of the letter 'O'. The man pages and Unix-time-stamp are the unavoidable anglosphere Rosetta-Stone. Translation of the english language is inevitable, and english language totally nailed it on the Civilisation-Alpha-Centauri RTS gaming technology tree, except for real IRL. Union-Jack smoking-jackets and bath-robes FTW. The only thing that comes close is how some music is more meowable than others. Everybody does that. Yes, everybody.
In terms of refugees and displaced people getting the sugar MRE, especially with it being addictive, the identity-associated prepping-homework would be completed before you get to open the tamper-proof packaging, and even then they'd need to be using the dental powder scheme. These things have to be rationalised. If I were given a Jewish sugar MRE, I'd blatantly be thinking of how to turn that glucose into moonshine (strictly for research), at the sacrifice of eating a dull food to mitigate the dietry loss. Cocoa powder and lipids would end up as an Irish Coffee or a Baileys. Everybody has something artful about their imagination, so the aformentioned earning-points is a way to reduce such inventiveness unto morality interpretations. The wrapping would force you to draw a graph or something before you can get to the good stuff. If you can't walk in a straight line, you won't be able to complete that unwrapping prerequisite. Maybe you'd need to know that an audio music player Graphic equaliser (histogram bin witha gaussian kernel on it) can undergo spectral analysis via usage of Chebyshev polynomials (and who he is), and that Gaussian eliniation (karaoke mode for example) uses it. Only then if some happenstancial skinfulness (for the top-tier completionists) "accidentally occurs" can the Karaoke bar mic be passed like the conch in Lord Of the Flies.
My comment has no hate in it and I do no harm. I am not appalled or afraid, boasting or envying or complaining... Just saying. Psalms23: Giving thanks and praise to the Lord and peace and love. Also, I'd say Matthew6.
Sugar is an optional ingredient for making desserts since many people think it is unhealthy. The treat will still taste delicious without the crystalline substance.
What happened with beet sugar?
@@tatumergo3931 That may or may not be true. But the video was named "How sugar is made" not how sugarcane sugar is made. And they even mention that more sugar is made from beets. Therefore I want to know how that process is done.
Oh my giddy aunt! What a heck of a process to get to a spoonful in my cuppa! I may have to consider giving it up - if I wasn't so weak-willed. Excellent video, thank you.
Have i been eating lime powder all these years 🤔
Considering all those steps, it's no wonder some people actually drink unsweetened tea...
Team has done splendid work painstankly and should be appreciated for such vital knowledge.❤
Sugar is legal cocaine
amazing. to see. i grew up opposite a sugar factory
@4:25 Higher pressure means lower boiling temperature??? Isn't it the opposite?
I used to be an Elevator mechanic and we used to service the elevators in Domino's sugar factory in Yonkers New York. It's an old factory so they had some wild elevators that were grandfathered in.
One elevator was called a man lift. Just a conveyer belt of steps that went up to different levels. It was not stopping and you had to jump on and jump off. It went up several flights. Let's say, you didn't want to miss your floor!
Also they had what was called a "broom" closet elevator. Imagine a coffin that moves vertical. You couldn't ride it if you were claustrophobic.
One thing this video doesn't tell you is... The refining process of sugar is absolutely disgusting and leaves a sickening smell of dead bodies and pure funk in the air. The domino's factory while unique, had an absolutely disgusting smell to it.
What they do to sugar to make it "white" is insane.
Totally unrelated but I thought you’d written you were an elevator musician. I was plenty confused 😂
Now I’m curious how they made it in the 1700
Some rich British aristocrat.
"I want that in my tea everyday, make it happen."
Closed captions are unhinged on this vid :D
Great video!
Glad you enjoyed it
i love how not even a single part is wasted 👏🏻
For clarity, when he says Lime juice he doesn’t mean the lime the fruit. He means lime from limestone. Not as appealing.
👍
OMG thank you. I was so confused why it would be called alkalization if we were adding an acid in it 😂
No sweet tooth after watching this video 😢
beet sugar is better imo less chemicals used to purify sugar needed but it takes more machining to extract and more expensive
😳
The extraction of sugar cane juice from the sugarcane plant, and the subsequent domestication of the plant in tropical India and Southeast Asia sometime around 4,000 BC.
The invention of manufacture of cane sugar granules from sugarcane juice in India a little over two thousand years ago, followed by improvements in refining the crystal granules in India in the early centuries AD.
The spread of cultivation and manufacture of cane sugar to the medieval Islamic world together with some improvements in production methods.
👍🏼
That’s enough to put me off sugar. Sincerely, thank you!
🤯
Exactly. I had no idea about the chemicals used in sugar processing. I'm sticking to honey
th-cam.com/video/X3lyIbawuGU/w-d-xo.html 👈
@@1whitecottagelife770, right?! I’m glad for the enlightenment of the vid, even if the discovery was appalling.
I would like to hope brown sugar is better.
3:32 guy is literally working in a cloud of powdered lime with no PPE. RIP
Always wondered how this drug was made!
This is satisfying and informative.
th-cam.com/video/X3lyIbawuGU/w-d-xo.html ❤️
Thanks
I love how its made!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
🙌
Half of this video i was dancing to the background beat
Now consider just how many products have such a long and interesting process for them to reach the shopping center. The amount of different machines that were invented and refined in order to process things as cleanly, cheaply and efficiently as possible is pretty crazy. I swear at least half the population doesn't even understand the complexity of our economies. I've literally seen people argue that cows shouldn't be milked and asked where they'd get their dairy from it was replied "the shops"...
This is more complicated than I thought. I thought it was just about grinding the sugar cane and drying it to get to sugar.🤣🤣🤣
Oh my gosh 😮😮😮. Wonderful
My home town is the sugar beet capital of Montana and North Dakota lol
Good ol’ Fairview. There’s a giant metal sugar beet statue in the middle of the town
You got the pressure/boiling temperature thing backwards. more pressure means a HIGHER boiling temperature. That's why you can boil water at room temperature in a vacuum chamber, like they show in a lot of junior high science classes.
How to make salt : Dry sea water 🗿
🙌
So this is how it made 🇳🇬
If you raise the pressure the boiling temperature also raises 4:22
This one is the most gruesome out of all the ones you've done
I love drinking sugarcane juice 😋
I had no idea they got sugar from beetroot.
Just another example of something that we put so much time, effort and other resources into that not only we don’t need but also is unhealthy for us. God gave us plenty of sweet fruits that we don’t need to concentrate sugar. If you really like sugar cane I would suggest eating the cane itself.
In roman times , lead was used as a sweetener , small amounts were grated into drinks & onto food .
High pressure in evaporator causes sugar to boil at high temperature, pressure and boiling temperature are linearly related
Each evaporator should be operating at a lower pressure to get successively lower boiling temperatures. The gauges on the evaporators are also shown running from zero on the right side to a maximum of 30 on the left side, which is range evaporation happens, between 0 inches of mercury relative to atmosphere to ~29 inches of mercury relative to atmospheric.
Yeah that bugged me too
Would like to see beetroot sugar
This gives me a whole new level of respect for Dwight Schrute
Waw what a miracle that we get to buy it for so cheap
Nice content 😮
Thanks 😅
Sugar, what it made of? Sugar
This is a nice sugar operation by Gus Fring. Truly efficient
@3:00 why in his left hand, does he have something else that’s dripping in to the testing fluid?
That would make it a false test
There was a sugar processing plant in the Sacramento Delta area. They used beets, and damn it smelled! That's the price for good fishing
some old footage, is sugar cane still produced?
Wow, Unglaublich so vieles Faktoren
Around 4:25, higher pressure increases boiling point. So the statement in video is the wrong way round. I've just seen the other comments. Others have pointed this out already.
Sweet video
Thanks!
Where r all these machines from tho
🤔
This is a similar process to how they refine coke and H. Reduction and chemical extraction.
Wow, talk about ultra-processed food...
I'm watching this after watching how (white) rice is made, and scratching my head why they call rice "highly processed", when compared to sugar it's barely touched.
Higher vacuum. Not pressure.