Smith & Wesson also uses a scandium alloy in a lot of their .357 revolver frames now. Its extremely light weight. I believe the barrel of the gun is still steel though, as the scandium alloy either doesn't hold up to rifling or the pressure (i'm not sure).
Your videos appeal to the thirst for knowledge, and for explosions/fire! Its always a pleasure to see these videos, and please continue with your wonderful work
It is so awesome to see new videos. You guys are incredible. As a RN I have a professional interest in chemistry (not to mention my personal obsession), and you all make it so much easier to understand some of the basic principles of the science. Your hard work is very appreciated. Keep up the great work!
Many thanks to the professors at the University of Nottingham for sharing with us your love for chemistry and the universe. I am an undergraduate chemistry major in the U.S. and I always look forward to watching your videos.
I've never heard of Scandium up until about a year ago, when I learned that the firearms manufacturer Smith & Wessen, actually use Scandium in the frames of their light weight revolvers. Interesting metal indeed.
Forgive my ignorance, and feel free to laugh if the question really is that absurd, but how did Mendeleev know how many electrons elements had in their shells?
Amazing videos. It's always a wonder at how much there is to know about the world that we live in, even when it comes down to the basic building blocks. I wonder could Scandium be alloyed to make it viable as an engineering material?
yes, beryllium has 4 electrons, 2 in the inner shell and 2 in the outer "valence" shell- the only electrons that are actually mobile enough to interact with other atoms, so the number of valence electrons determine the physical properties of an element. Titanium also has 2 valence electrons, even though it has many more total.
RENi5−xAlx (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Y) alloys are also being researched for hydrogen storage capabilities (and some solutions are already available comercially) Since Aluminium is used i would guess that Scandium would be a research material as well.. Nice video,that fan must really love chemistry :D
@ndyt Yes it is. I believe there are as many as three mines currently in use where Scandium is being extracted. The yearly extraction of Scandium is less than a ton a year.
@dufusrunescape FYI: acetylene is more akin to being "grown" out of the sponge, which is why the porous material is used, otherwise it won't turn into gas. There is basically no other reason to have that stuff in the tank.
The scandium hydrogen absorbing thing is similar to acetylene tanks? If i recall in highschool, they are full of a substrate that either makes it less volatile or lets there be more in the same volume tank.
This is great stuff. One person decides to share a rare metal with someone who shares with the internet at large, and he inadvertently also shares with the Professors students. Isn't sharing knowledge and scientific inquiry a great way for people to bond over common interests?
It is difficult to answer such a question as to what is stronger because there are different types of stresses that can be applied. Is it easily cut? Is it easy to bend? Does it stretch? Is it easily compressed? Will it blend?;] And so forth. These are called stress modulus, and you can view those numbers for different stress modulus of different metals on google.
According to mineralprices in the internet Scandium is worth around 15.000$ per kilogramm which is really a lot if you think that the demand is so low. If it had a wider practical use it would cost a lot more than gold i presume.
Precious metals like silver and gold are made up of single a single type of atom, Ag & Au, respectively. Most precious stones are made up of compounds that form crystal latices; diamond, however, is made solely from carbon (C). For example, sapphire is made from aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ruby is that plus chromium, Topaz is made of Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 molecules, and quartz and amethyst are made of SiO2. As you can see, these are not made of a single type of atom. They're on there, just in pieces!
@jamiemh76 There must be some way to test it, perhaps if it has a very particular attribute to a certain reaction, such as a particular colour of flame or something. Other than that something like that, there ought to be some highly complex, very miniscule scale of testing to determine exactly what its made of. There must be.
What about an aerogel or similar structure? Or is the process still too expensive? Mind you, the process of storing the hydrogen might be too energetic and cause the structure to break down pretty quickly...
several synthetic compounds are stronger (there is a difference between strength, hardness etc). things like kevlar, some forms of artificial diamonds that are actually harder than diamonds themselves, etc.
why do so many english speakers pronounce "idea" as "idear"? like the Prof does at 5:41 English is not my native language, and this bugs me more than it should :)
diamond is not an element it is a crystalline form. and also jewelers "cut" diamond with copper wedges. i put cut in speech marks because the jewelers are actually braking small parts off the diamond.
oh, cool! I didn't know that- I just looked at an atomic model of Ti and saw that it had 2 electrons in the outer shell. Didn't know that the next shell actually had mobile-enough electrons for that!
A guy here in Sweden in a city called Härnösand in the 50ties found out that you could use Ironoxide for storing hydrogen, but you only need about 3 kilogramms to store 100 liters of hydrogen.... And they work with Scandium.....
I just saw a video, where Americans have made a revolver out of scandium, it weighs 11.5 lbs, and fires a .357 magnum round. It is very unwieldy, and the only reason they've created it is because not only is it EXTREMELY expensive and gaudy, but it's supposed to be a 'throw it in your pocket if you don't have time to dawn a holster' kind of gun. GOD THE US IS CRAZY! It's a way for rich people to throw away money on SUCH an unnecessary luxury. I mean, here in Canada, we use SOME guns.. but REALLY
I remember when this one first was posted. It is still one of my favorites. I think now the only elements he has still not seen are Thulium-69-and heavier elements. But I'm not entirely sure. Does anyone know?
Isn't hydrogen the first non-metal? I know it's in group 1, but it's properties are non-metallic. It also has very different chemical properties than the rest of group 1.
@LuigiLuigi7289 months agoin reply to silverballer1911 Diamond is the hardest material, and maybe the strongest material, but it is NOT a metal, it is made out of carbon is that so ? wurtzite boron nitride and lonsdaleite ? heard of them. and even before this. diamond was the hardest nature material. before thy discovered wurtzite boron nitride and lonsdaleite edit : man-made nanomaterials are stronger as diamond
Latest and much improved version of our Scandium video can be found at th-cam.com/video/gab_2a7gyLU/w-d-xo.html
Smith & Wesson also uses a scandium alloy in a lot of their .357 revolver frames now. Its extremely light weight. I believe the barrel of the gun is still steel though, as the scandium alloy either doesn't hold up to rifling or the pressure (i'm not sure).
Some of the most expensive Lacrosse shafts are now made with Scandium and Titanium for a more durable, lightweight stick.
"__________ is a really interesting element."
Heart this so much.
Your videos appeal to the thirst for knowledge, and for explosions/fire! Its always a pleasure to see these videos, and please continue with your wonderful work
It is so awesome to see new videos. You guys are incredible. As a RN I have a professional interest in chemistry (not to mention my personal obsession), and you all make it so much easier to understand some of the basic principles of the science. Your hard work is very appreciated. Keep up the great work!
I would never have believed that I would find chemistry fascinating. Thanks to you folks of Nottingham for showing me that it is.
I love that you are learning as you make these videos too. Life long learning rocks!
It sounds like the history of the element is more interesting than the element itself.
Doc, you get ALL the good gifts!
Many thanks to the professors at the University of Nottingham for sharing with us your love for chemistry and the universe.
I am an undergraduate chemistry major in the U.S. and I always look forward to watching your videos.
American firearms manufacturer Smith and Wesson makes a revolver (pistol) with a Scandium frame for light weight. It is a very expensive gun.
I've never heard of Scandium up until about a year ago, when I learned that the firearms manufacturer Smith & Wessen, actually use Scandium in the frames of their light weight revolvers. Interesting metal indeed.
Another excellent video.
Thanks Professor. Also thanks to the fan that sent the Scandium, good job.
Aluminum-Scandium alloys I believe are also light alloys. I thought you might mention that before you got to hydrogen storage.
Regards.
I love the professor so much! This was such a wonderful episode, thank you so much for posting it. Incredible!
Thank you for this series! I'm a poor Canadian that can't afford the schooling (let alone the scandium). This is the next best thing :)
Forgive my ignorance, and feel free to laugh if the question really is that absurd, but how did Mendeleev know how many electrons elements had in their shells?
wiki: the production of metallic scandium is in the order of 10 kg per year
I really enjoy your videos mr. Professor. You yourself are a new gorgeous element on youtube: "Hair-ium"
I used to work for Halfords as a cycles specialist. We did a Carrera with a Scandium frame...
Amazing videos. It's always a wonder at how much there is to know about the world that we live in, even when it comes down to the basic building blocks.
I wonder could Scandium be alloyed to make it viable as an engineering material?
Best "relatet videos" I've found on Internet..... great job!
Subscribed
One thing I can say is... Keep up the good work! These REALLY help me with school work :)
yes, beryllium has 4 electrons, 2 in the inner shell and 2 in the outer "valence" shell- the only electrons that are actually mobile enough to interact with other atoms, so the number of valence electrons determine the physical properties of an element.
Titanium also has 2 valence electrons, even though it has many more total.
The Aluminium-Scandium alloy is used to make high end bicycles
I love that the Professor had a Sixty Symbols desktop background. :D
wow thank you! sometimes people just cant imagine how rare something is but this information helps to understand that this is really rare metal.
RENi5−xAlx (RE=Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Y) alloys are also being researched for hydrogen storage capabilities (and some solutions are already available comercially)
Since Aluminium is used i would guess that Scandium would be a research material as well..
Nice video,that fan must really love chemistry :D
@ndyt
Yes it is. I believe there are as many as three mines currently in use where Scandium is being extracted. The yearly extraction of Scandium is less than a ton a year.
every time i see one of your's videos i learn something new =)
@dufusrunescape FYI: acetylene is more akin to being "grown" out of the sponge, which is why the porous material is used, otherwise it won't turn into gas. There is basically no other reason to have that stuff in the tank.
The scandium hydrogen absorbing thing is similar to acetylene tanks? If i recall in highschool, they are full of a substrate that either makes it less volatile or lets there be more in the same volume tank.
This is great stuff. One person decides to share a rare metal with someone who shares with the internet at large, and he inadvertently also shares with the Professors students. Isn't sharing knowledge and scientific inquiry a great way for people to bond over common interests?
It is difficult to answer such a question as to what is stronger because there are different types of stresses that can be applied. Is it easily cut? Is it easy to bend? Does it stretch? Is it easily compressed? Will it blend?;] And so forth. These are called stress modulus, and you can view those numbers for different stress modulus of different metals on google.
ack, I still can't help but cracking a smile every time someone mentions "ball and stick" molecular modeling. :p
According to mineralprices in the internet Scandium is worth around 15.000$ per kilogramm which is really a lot if you think that the demand is so low.
If it had a wider practical use it would cost a lot more than gold i presume.
nice video! although 1 small error: lead has a density of 11.3, not 20, but who cares. keep up the good videos!
Precious metals like silver and gold are made up of single a single type of atom, Ag & Au, respectively. Most precious stones are made up of compounds that form crystal latices; diamond, however, is made solely from carbon (C). For example, sapphire is made from aluminum oxide (Al2O3), ruby is that plus chromium, Topaz is made of Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 molecules, and quartz and amethyst are made of SiO2. As you can see, these are not made of a single type of atom. They're on there, just in pieces!
@jamiemh76 There must be some way to test it, perhaps if it has a very particular attribute to a certain reaction, such as a particular colour of flame or something.
Other than that something like that, there ought to be some highly complex, very miniscule scale of testing to determine exactly what its made of. There must be.
The production of Scandium is in the order of 2000-5000kg a year.
It does, actually, have quite a bit of industrial use.
It's used a lot in high end everything like golf clubs, baseball bats, bikes, jets, firearms and so on
VERY cool! We get to see scandium, too!
All the element videos are very interesting :)
You're so awesome mr. scientist!!
Excellent as usual. Am I safe to buy a scandium wedding ring? I am concerned it may have some toxicity or will react slowly over time.
@periodicvideos can we get the sound a bit louder. think its a wee bit low. thaaanks. love the series.
What about an aerogel or similar structure?
Or is the process still too expensive?
Mind you, the process of storing the hydrogen might be too energetic and cause the structure to break down pretty quickly...
This was exceptional.
gallium was named after Gaul no (Gaul was france and a little more)
and Francium after France
Love it! Keep 'em comin!
several synthetic compounds are stronger (there is a difference between strength, hardness etc). things like kevlar, some forms of artificial diamonds that are actually harder than diamonds themselves, etc.
@periodicvideos What did the letter say?
the professor would make the best Chemistry teacher EVERRR ^^
bravo John!
DAMN helped me in my project SOOOOOOOO MUCH
Love these videos!
big respect to the prof
Scandium is currently about $240 per gram. Gold is $41 a gram.
why do so many english speakers pronounce "idea" as "idear"? like the Prof does at 5:41
English is not my native language, and this bugs me more than it should :)
how would you test it to make sure it's scandium?
You must have seen it at the convention that had the element collector.
Great video, keep em' coming! :D
diamond is not an element it is a crystalline form. and also jewelers "cut" diamond with copper wedges. i put cut in speech marks because the jewelers are actually braking small parts off the diamond.
Definitely top ten videos!
Why does this video cut out???
This Video was very inspirational, thank you.
@vandervalz
The name is Jan :D..Not like in the Subtitles (Young or John)^^
I have a Scandium Bicycle frame. Lightess of Aluminum and the ride qualitys of steel.
wow that was very nice of them to send in the scandium because its close to $8,000oz(usd) or $122,500 per pound
What does the letter say?
Is not eka Sanskrit for one, meaning one period down in the periodic table?
oh, cool! I didn't know that- I just looked at an atomic model of Ti and saw that it had 2 electrons in the outer shell. Didn't know that the next shell actually had mobile-enough electrons for that!
I wouldn't mind that kind of fanmail. :)
A guy here in Sweden in a city called Härnösand in the 50ties found out that you could use Ironoxide for storing hydrogen, but you only need about 3 kilogramms to store 100 liters of hydrogen.... And they work with Scandium.....
I wish you were my Chemistry teacher, I'm pretty sure I knew more than my teacher..
For about $75 or more per gram that would be expensive. Do you think?
AWESOME love scandium now
France, of course.
great donation.
I just saw a video, where Americans have made a revolver out of scandium, it weighs 11.5 lbs, and fires a .357 magnum round. It is very unwieldy, and the only reason they've created it is because not only is it EXTREMELY expensive and gaudy, but it's supposed to be a 'throw it in your pocket if you don't have time to dawn a holster' kind of gun. GOD THE US IS CRAZY! It's a way for rich people to throw away money on SUCH an unnecessary luxury. I mean, here in Canada, we use SOME guns.. but REALLY
I remember when this one first was posted. It is still one of my favorites. I think now the only elements he has still not seen are Thulium-69-and heavier elements. But I'm not entirely sure. Does anyone know?
It's just the way Marty -the guy who makes them -ends them. They just kinda fade out.
Diamond is the hardest material, and maybe the strongest material, but it is NOT a metal, it is made out of carbon
It's mostly sold in the form of the Oxide. 100 g of 99.98% Sc2O3 go for about 1000€.
For size, that's about a cube of scandium with a side 15cm long.
Oh go on then, I'll subscribe!
Isnt rainey Nickel spongey with hydrogen?
Looking at these videos, I can assume that Prof. Martyn is a die-hard fan of Dimitriy Mendeleev
Isn't hydrogen the first non-metal? I know it's in group 1, but it's properties are non-metallic. It also has very different chemical properties than the rest of group 1.
If Gallium is named after France, What's Francium named after?
Now I know to send in a piece of Hafnium to improve the quality and education of these videos. =)
Platinum is used in cars anyway. Adding some scandium is easily practical and affordable.
We're all excited about the scandium scandal!
I want that tie! :)
I think boron is the strongest semimetall and chromium the strongest metall the second strongest is tunsten and then Osmium
@FuryzPKz Great plan, dude!!!
3:25 Now is the time for Scandium.
@Robaaaayy
Really? I've loved this videos for a while now.
haha.
@LuigiLuigi7289 months agoin reply to silverballer1911
Diamond is the hardest material, and maybe the strongest material, but it is NOT a metal, it is made out of carbon
is that so ?
wurtzite boron nitride and lonsdaleite ? heard of them. and even before this. diamond was the hardest nature material. before thy discovered wurtzite boron nitride and lonsdaleite
edit : man-made nanomaterials are stronger as diamond