How Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Hole | Space Time
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 มี.ค. 2017
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Find out how time and space switch roles when we move beyond the event horizon of the black hole. And try Crunchyroll at www.crunchyroll.com/spacetime
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Referenced Videos:
What Happens at the Event Horizon
• What Happens at the Ev...
The Phantom Singularity
• The Phantom Singularit...
The Geometry of Causality
• The Geometry of Causality
Previous Episode:
Superluminal Time Travel
• Superluminal Time Trav...
Help translate our videos! th-cam.com/users/timedtext_cs_...
Written and Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Grayson Blackmon
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It's a trap. once you start clicking you enter an infinite tunnel of links to more videos, been stuck here for 40 days and 40 nights
Sounds like you should'a built an ark or something, before setting of!!
😉✌
I have bad news for you. Entering this channel you crossed the event horizon of science and you are now inevitably racing towards the singularity - the point in space time in which you'll possess the complete knowledge and understanding of the Universe. Of course, there's a catch - you'll reach this point only after infinite time.
This is must be some kind of curse,i have never liked science,but then i started taking acid and for some reason now TH-cam only send me this even if i just search for music.simple dont make sense
hey, it says this message was posted "4 months from now" :O
Anthony Settee bless you. You saved with with your suffering.
I love watching stuff like this and pretending I understand
Hey man its simple in space tha faster you go depending on mass the slower time is. Now according to Einstein mass×distance×velocity+fuckidk÷migraine=igotaheadache. So now u know ur not alone my friend
Welcome to the club, feel like Steve corral in anchorman. I have no clue what’s going on, but I’m thrilled
On the other hand, I like knowing what he's going to say and not actually watching it past the first 2 minutes.
😂😂
Its simple numbers and letters = stuff
Me: So cool that you can see the stars through his shirt!
Me later: *wipes dust off screen*
Lmao
My god he's full of stars!
Everytime I laugh out loud directly in front of my screen, more stars appear... 😳
@@SpencerGD LOL
That's a cool idea though
This dude is a genius. Explaining topics to all of us like we are grade schoolers is not easy.
I've watched all the videos on here multiple times and it is really amazing how well they have helped me actually conceptualize the universe. I've gone from being completely baffled by everything to actually being able to grasp how this stuff works. Although the more I learn the more existential dread I feel when thinking about it.
@@priceyindividual2995I agree. I started watching his videos earlier this year, but I have quite a few friends who work in the sciences. It's one thing to understand the subject matter. It's a whole other skill set to understand it and be able to explain it in terms that are somewhat easier to understand. Especially since astrophysics is quite complicated to begin with.
Also, these videos and other science videos that talk about heat death have caused me to feel some sort of existential dread too. But it will be okay. Or so I tell myself.
Before I started listening to Matt I assumed that time differences were a limit to our ability to make accurate clocks. Matt took that innocence from me and I wouldn't change a thing. Love you Matt!
If science were taught like this to me in school, I and many others would have devoted our lives to it. Alas, at my age, I can only marvel at the beauty of the universe through the amazing explanations provided by Matt and PBS Digital Studios. Thank you so much.
What do you mean? Are you on your deathbed? It's never too late!
The best time was years ago, the second best time is now. It’s never too late.
This is science porn, it hides all the work and effort needed to really understand and achieve it. This is great to give people the thirst to learn but doesn’t come even close to helping you understand the mathematics behind it. A smart teacher would encourage the students to watch this kind of videos but I hope no one is using this channel as a sole medium of learning.
This is great, especially for those like myself who are simply not mathematically oriented. I won't pretend to be able to do this on my own or understand the math but what is presented is something I can grasp to some degree, and not feel like I'm intellectually handicapped :)
DCUO COVEN
Same. I’ll never understand all this shit but boy is this stuff interesting and amazing! I can only imagine...
I almost never understand more than a quarter of what you're talking about, at least not at first. I kind of let them soak in, watch them a few times and pick up bits and pieces. Gradually they coalesce into recognizable fragments and I can piece them into parts that make sense. Checking other sources is a great idea and I've come back to episodes after seeing other things that help me make sense of things.
I like that your shows are different; you deal with some mind-blowing, counterintuitive, life-changing stuff. Summaries and simplifications have their place but I love that you get into the gritty bits. I appreciate it even more every time I consider how hard it must be to write and illustrate them.
I didn't do much physics in school and none in college so some of the ideas are beyond me. That's something I'm working on remedying, partly because shows like this make me want to see the universe beyond the confines of my puny human senses and understanding. To look it in the math, I guess.
After watching the E-MC2 episode for what must have been the 10th time I finally felt as if I understood what you were describing about the connection between energy and mass. It was a beautiful moment for me, full of wonder and awe and I thank you all from the bottom of my soul for it and the many others like it you've given me with your hard work.
that's how I learned music theory from my bass teacher.
Welcome to science friend! Happy to have you on the team!
All your bass are belong to us.
I don't have this much time or patience! Is "god did it" a non-veri-or-falsifiable alternative?
Donald Trump's gargantuan scrotum
G0Δ=Δid/Δit?
Given the number of times Roger Penrose is cited in this TH-cam channel it is about time his contributions were acknowledged with a Nobel Prize.
:)
I met him with a small group of other students in year 11 at thr local obsevatory. There were about 15 of us, and we spent all day talking to him. Genius, and very good at explaining things, and makes nice art. Was a truely memorable day
This has to be one of the most substantive channels on TH-cam.
So basically time can be viewed spatially because all of causality is sitting around for you to select which part of it to observe, and space is temporal because you're traversing it at a non-negotiable rate towards the inevitable singularity?
Best summary
Great summation
BINGO
Is this the same example that they used in interstellar, is this how is possible for Matthew McConaughey's character to basically survey multitudes of what were separate moments in time all around him and actually sort through them out of any order?
@@johnscott6481 Except he saw his daughetr's room instead of the collapse of the star and everything that fell into the black hole afterwards.
I have a hunch that PBS only pays this guy in v-necks.
I feel like this comment is gonna get mentioned in the next video :D
Lol, that's hilarious!
Hahahaha
I think you're on to something... ever notice how he looks down a lot? I'm proud of my chest hair, buuuuttttt...
So many v-necks he may actually be gay
not sure which is more awe inspiring, that these ideas exist, or that this presenter can explain them
"We're interested in providing a bridge to understanding the real science." That's why I'm watching these videos, and am subscribed to the channel. I often watch an individual video *multiple* times, and often on .75 playback speed (or even .5, sometimes), in order to keep osmotically incorporating the ideas into my thinking. But that is only beneficial because the material is so dense, and there is so much here to learn. On so many Science channels there is a small portion of thin information, which though perhaps quickly understood, leads nowhere. That's my view, anyway. These videos are completely engrossing because they truly challenge me (did my English Lit / History degree in the 1990s) but don't completely shield me from the math, which I aspire to understand. Eventually. Thanks for doing it exactly this way, and please don't change.
This is one of the few channels where, when I'm told that I need to watch a previous video, they are correct. There's a LOT to understand here.
Your ability to say "Dankulous Memelord" with a straight face is super-human
We live in a society...
Same.... Wow
Dankulous Memelord: I don't get it, everyone with me?
Matt O’Dowd: Sorry dude, that's your problem.
That's dankulous memelord the third to you.
@@jocker6271 did you get what you deserve?
This is the most mind blowing video on youtube. I'm fairly used to abstract concepts since I'm in neuroscience but I've had to watch this like 3-4 times and now I finally feel like I understand it.
Amazing content.
nah...you don't. I do, and you don't want me doing brain surgery after watching a coupla vids on yt.
@@DrDeuteron i understand the concepts as presented on this extremely simplified 15-min format. The actual research is another story lol
I watched and watched and still dont understand. Wish i wasnt this dumb
@@DrDeuteron I'm a neuroscientist as well and I wouldn't do brain surgery either. I'll leave that to the neurosurgeons.
Muhammad sahab pbuh gave this thousands of years ago while being illiterate and living in desert
I have subscribed to this channel for about 10 months now. Just wanted to say that while I initially understood perhaps 10% of what is said and am no scientist, I am now understanding far more than I used too. The presentation and explanations are top notch and fuels my desire to understand more. Also has helped me to understand what my old physics teachers tried and failed to teach me. Bravo and more please. Pat yourselves on the back.
I don't like all the "I'm in highschool and feel dumb AF like if you agree" comments.
1. this is one of the only channels I found to actually talk science. like he said in the ending, this channel presumes you know the basics, unlike popsci and stuff like that that take twenty minutes of the same explanation heard twenty times just to get close to a level like this
2. just go and learn that stuff, don't complain but instead try to understand, whining is only diluting the comments with no new information
where did u get the impression that that was complaining?
their tone isnt whiny or discontent. i greatly sympathize with them because i myself am also just so utterly dumbfounded by such extremely complex subject matter. i dont know what else to say. i seriously havent felt this stupid in years
i'm so lost that i feel as if i've lost all interest in learning more, because it just seems so utterly beyond my scope of possible comprehension
X : DC Did you learn the prerequisites, or at least watch the previous videos? Or just click on a video that seems to be interested to you?
If that's the case, actually it's your problem - but I am not saying that you are useless. I am now 21-yo, not a physics/maths undergraduate, I was interested in Quantum Physics so I borrowed some reference books in University's library, and I didn't understand the content since they were maths.
So, I went to borrow some more Maths book such as linear algebra, group theory, complex analysis, vector calculus, real analysis etc etc
The cycle just goes on and on. You cannot just skip the fundamentals.
If you have learnt all the prerequisites and still could not get a hold on the concept… just try to review, distinguish which part you don't know and drill on it
בור אומר בלי להבין כי יש לו צורך לומר, ועל בורים אין מה לבזבז זמן. תמיד יגיעו עוד. קל להיות עצלן ולהסתפק בניחוש מאשר לחפש תשובה.
YES obsession=progression
what im having problems with is some concepts that i cant for the heck of me find online, like a proper introduction to how moving through times leads to moving down towards a massive object, or just a nice walkthrough of gravity and geodesics and what curving time means on a less superficial level without exceeding highschool levels because im not some math prodigy
if you can help me study up real nice and snug i'd love that, pbs spacetime is just where i go to learn what to be confused about next and this is definitely high on my list of what the hecks
My first mindblow in a very long time (or space? :p ). Thank you.
Yup same, when falling into the center of the black whole you would have to go faster than the speed of light. Sheesh 🤯
my mindblow from this channel is that gravity is fricking time
A very long spacetime interval?
@@UwU-ok2jr same
This episode was amazing, thank you. Y'all are doing elite-level work teaching this material.
I did the math over 30 years ago at uni, at the end of a long undergraduate physics sequence. Back then it was all about "Oooh! Look at what the math does!" I got absolutely nothing about what the math MEANS.
Matt taking us back and forth between the math and the diagrams not only reawoke my appreciation of the math (fortunately without all the fiddly tensors and Hamiltonians this time), but also provided a physical context and "feel" for what the math tells us about our universe (especially the weirder parts).
But this has got me thinking about spacetime coordinate systems, starting with the somewhat unreal flat Minkowski space. I'd like to know why so mush cosmological work is done using using Anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS), when de Sitter spacetime (dS) is much closer to our reality (but still not the same). Why isn't all work being done in FRW (Friedmann, Robertson-Walker) coordinates?
I think an episode about the various spacetime coordinate systems is in order!
Your questions is underrated. I'll help you get their attention.
Many thanks! Just looking at the various spacetime coordinate systems makes my head hurt. I'd very much like a Matt-style high-level view of their differences and applications.
I'd like the same, although I think I lack the education to fully understand any reasonably accurate answer.
Absolutely. A description of FRW starting with Murkowski and working up would be wonderful.
"I'd like to know why so mush cosmological work is done using using Anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS), when de Sitter spacetime (dS) is much closer to our reality (but still not the same)."
Because you can calculate AdS stuff with conformal field theories, called AdS/CFT correspondence. For dS such a correspondence also exists but isn't well understood. The reason why physicists use it nevertheless is, I think, because it works until some certain scale or to describe things in lower orders. Also dS has some other problems like you cannot construct a stable dS universe, if I remember correctly, which is pretty weird stuff.
Okay, so here's my thought process... As you cross the event horizon, the infinitely small point known as a singularity suddenly shifts for you into an infinitely large wall, warped around you, which you must fall into. Even if you turned completely around you would still be falling toward the wall, getting pulled into it faster than you can escape. The outside universe has suddenly become the infinitely small point which you are now pushed away from (a white hole?).
So, no matter which direction you move, you're moving toward the singularity. This makes space time-like in the case where you are falling into the singularity at a constant rate (speed of light or better) and any movement you make will only change your perception of that decent, much like outside of the event horizon it would change your perception of time. So, for you, no matter how you move you are at space interval zero (one light year per light year, we'll say) but you seem to cover more time in that distance the faster you move. To someone else in there with you, I think you'd look like you were spending more distance to move across less time. Or am I taking the swapping of space and time too literally there?
Someone tell me where I'm getting this right and where I'm getting this wrong, because I had to warp my brain a lot just to get this far.
Time normally passes despite you being at rest or moving. Space is the direction you can move in the 3 dimensional world.
When you head towards the singularity, the flip is that no matter what you do, you’re heading to the singularity. Time is space like because you can move through time being frozen or accelerating, but you’re still going towards the singularity
@@introvertedextrovertedtraver Ah! GREAT explanation.
Can you clarify “you can move through time frozen or accelerating…”?. Are you saying that, hypothetically, if you were to try to “move” your body, time would speed up depending on “how fast you move”?
@@jameswww9524 Yes. It’s like being on an escalator. You can walk or stand still but your still headed in one direction despite what choice you make even turning around
So its like in normal space, we can go forward and backward while time moves straight forward, but inside a black hole it contains a history of whatever has fallen in there containing light from what fell in seconds ago all the way to what fell in it millions or billions of years ago all the while gravity points straight at the centre meaning we can go only forward towards the centre which has infinite mass and density while we can move forward or back ward in time in whichever direction we try to move, we get light trapped in that moment and we can see the history
@@jameswww9524 So its like in normal space, we can go forward and backward while time moves straight forward, but inside a black hole it contains a history of whatever has fallen in there containing light from what fell in seconds ago all the way to what fell in it millions or billions of years ago all the while gravity points straight at the centre meaning we can go only forward towards the centre which has infinite mass and density while we can move forward or back ward in time in whichever direction we try to move, we get light trapped in that moment and we can see the history
I love how the titles of these videos seem intuitively impossible... But then are backed up in the content. I can't believe I actually have even a glimpse of understanding what the title means. But I kinda do now. Awesome.
Brilliant episodes, brilliant information and brilliant background music!!!
Last time I came this early, electromagnetism was indistinguishable from weak nuclear interaction.
Cobalt Sthenia Your mamma's so old she eats quark soup.
You mamma's not fat when you were born you were Hawking radiation.
You mamma's so cold she can evaporate a black hole. (If you don't get that one, he'll probably come to it in a future video. Black holes don't start evaporating until the cosmic background radiation gets cold enough. The bigger the black hole, the colder it has to get.)
simultaneously the worst and best nerd joke ever, my respect is in superposition
hubes69 Thank you. Those are the best jokes I've written in many worlds.
My sides are in orbitals.
William Barnes I would have said they are passing through a half silvered mirror... aka splitting.
Got it, finally. Had to watch every video on this channel 5 times.
@vadda afffg vxfvd dfvgg fdvff f He is actually much smarter than many of us here, now stop being dumb with such comments, people are trying to learn here and it will take time for many...
Crunchyroll is great lol
can you please explain it to me....please
Same, and I'm still having steak with mushroom sauce and veg for dinner
Scary stuff, if you move once inside, it quickens encountering the singularity. I imagine this like being in the centre of a collapsing bubble, where the bubble wall is the singularity closing in all around you. Move in any direction and you just smack into it sooner. Weird.
you've managed to do what many said was impossible, to describe the inside of a black hole between the event horizon and the singularity. Absolutely brilliant video. You've earned yourself another patreon supporter. And you didn' t just cover the high concepts but all the equations, and explaining the each algebraic expression in the equations, which I really appreciate. As I understand it all black holes in reality should be rotating ones, because of the angular momentum of the original star that collapsed to form, it plus of any additional matter the black hole has swallowed up. there was a study done via a supercomputer led by Dr. Lior Burko, associate professor of physics at Georgia Gwinnett College and a team of researchers from Georgia Gwinnett College, UMass Dartmouth, and the University of Maryland who designed new supercomputer models to study the exotic physics of quickly-rotating black holes, a.k.a. Kerr black holes, and what might be found in the mysterious realm beyond the event horizon. What they found was the dynamics of their rapid rotation create a scenario in which a hypothetical spacecraft and crew might avoid gravitational disintegration during approach.while gravitational forces increase and become infinite, they do so fast enough that their interaction allows physical objects to stay intact as they move toward the center of the black hole. so then survival would come down to whether there is really a singularity at the end of the black hole trip. Probably is. But I still think of a person ending up trapped inside a strange non euclidean timeless void if their spacecraft survived the journey down a spinning kerr black hole. I also wonder whether the spacelike and timelike axis which switch actually might be a physical reality rather than just a mathematical trick. I don't know either way. I see mathematics as reality itself, so I interpret mathematical expressions very literally.
0:31 "mattemathical" good one
Well, he was talking about Space -Time dyslexia.
wow, that was intense. It's baffling how our minds are able to poke around in these areas, digging beyond the fabric of our paradigm. No I'm not high.
hubes69 Sure about that?
I think paradigms are best experienced mid-shift.
I am high, and I'm pretty sure I know exactly what you mean
OuterRem ; or mid-rift 😆!
hubes69 I agree, it is really groundbreaking
I was born with many difficulties in my life. Although I am not fully educated, I have a strong love for science and the universe. Thank you for bringing it to me. Love you
AT the event horizon, r=rS, ALL space-time intervals, Ds, are zero regardless of how much time passes. (One might suggest that this also applies to how far we move; however, since only radial motion is considered, any radial motion requires r>rS and/or r
That is only a coordinate singularity. You can get rid of it with a change of coordinates. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal%E2%80%93Szekeres_coordinates
If entropy increases over time, and in a black hole space becomes time-like, does that mean that in a black hole entropy always increases towards the singularity?
Towards the event horizon
No, entropy increases towards the future, but in a blackhole, the time-like geometry points to an infinite past, so entropy increases towards the event horizon.
“Matemathical”, I’ve watched this like ten times and I just caught the joke.
thank you that last statement about your goals of the channel are apparent and so very much appreciated and seeing that this is 5 years old i´m glad you haven´t changed that.
theres tons and tons and tons of pre kindergarden space/science stuff out there i´d say about 95% is the same old boring ultra dumbed down stuff.
we don´t need more of the very very basic 95% that market is catered to overwhelmingly. but precisely this, your channel, is such a rare gem as it provides an intermediate level of understanding that´s still comprehensible for interested lay people. i didn´t understand absolutely everything the first time around. but one sometimes just needs to pause and think for a while and you get it. this is information dense just like beautiful poem you sometimes need to unpack it for yourself and that´s the fun part. people who are interested won´t turn off in disgust the first time they come across something they don´t understand but are inclined to fill in the gaps of their understanding. and people who don´t, aren´t intereded anyways. you seem to be one of the very few people who get this. and to top it off you´ve also got some amazing production quality. so thank you again to the whole team and supporters who make this possible.
In fact, the host MUST say "in fact" at least 100,000,000,000,000,000 times per episode. All future paths of his world line bend radially inward toward this truth.
I've said it before and I'll say it again - this is *the* best educational TH-cam channel out there right now. Great video
(but, by the way, you missed the plus sign when briefly introducing the rest of the line element at 3:04).
I totally agree, it's challenged me a quite a bit with difficult concepts, but because I was willing to stick to it and keep trying, I've come pretty far from where I started. I hope everyone else is having a good experience as well.
NuclearCraft Mod Well, with the d Omega part, he didn't added it to the equation but said that he left it out here which is absolutely alright.
However, if you were to add it, what one actually does for the spherical black hole, then you would be absolutely right.
The Schwarzschild coordinates for a spherical (non-rotating) black hole without a charge are given by:( r, t, phi, theta)
Yeh, I understand - I was just saying the plus sigh itself was missing. Not much of a big deal really :)
It would be cool if they looked at the full metric, though, to discuss orbits, the time dilation of a radial infaller compared to an orbiter, etc.
NuclearCraft Mod Yes, right, I don't want to make a big deal out of it either. However, I meant that it wasn't meant in the video to add the term but saying that it was left out. They only put the term besides the simplified metric to show what was left out.
And I even think it is better leaving the orbital and angular motions out so that one focuses on what is really important and what not.
It seems to me that a radial infaller as shown in the video would just start out inside the interior region with no "left/right" timewise velocity, whereas an orbiting one would have that orbital momentum converted into timewise momentum? Of course, the angle would also increase the amount of time spent along the event horizon experiencing time-dilation (on both sides of the boundary). I'm just inferring this from the understanding I got out of the explanations in the video though, I haven't looked at the full equation.
I love how Crunchyroll is the sponsor! (i use crunchyroll all the time)
I appreciate your intuitive approach to otherwise complex mathematic calculations. Absolutely fascinating!!🤔🤔🤔👍👍👍
Excelent video! Well explained, excellently narrated and very interesting.
I feel so bad for him having to read that crunchyroll ad at the end, lol. Great episode man.
This channel is way ahead of everything else on youtube
Crunchyroll!?
I was hoping to ear about Orange, that "talks" about space time, but CowBoy is always fine
Matt's an anime fan. (as am I)
I tabbed out right when he said crunchyroll and almost had a heart attack, it really took me by surprise
I know
LemmingsGoPOP! That was unexpected? Crunchyrool
I'd love to buy Matt a coffee & have a chat! I could listen to hime for hours, even if I don't really understand a lot of the science.
I have now bookmarked this channel as Nap Time.
I really think this is the best channel on youtube. Great content, as usual!
Love your channel, and absolutely love Cowboy Bebop. Glad to see an old show getting much deserved love.
Hey I don't understand a lot of this, and it's still entertaining. I'll continue watching and learning. I really appreciate it!
What I've learnd from this video:
- Black Holes are very poetic
- Black Holes are like quicksand
I DID IT! I FINALLY UNDERSTOOD IT! THANKS SO MUCH I'M SO HAPPY!
not yet for me
I think, if the more gravitation slows the time, so if you were the light and go into a black hole and reflect out in one second to the light respective , but in the outside universe would be billions and billions of years later. So that is why balck holes are black because the time in the black hole is much slower so that reflection to see the light it is take billions of year to our respective in the outside universe. but how ever if we could live that long than you would see the lights coming out. which that would be a second to a light respective. So if you were the light and you full into a black hole and reflect out in a second to your respective you would think you in a different outside universe but you are not just billions of year went past to the outside universe respective, so everything looks different.
Norbert Rabi that’s an interesting concept, but I come with a few questions. Since light can’t escape after crossing the event horizon, how will it reflect out? And what does the light even reflect off of? Also, if theoretically you were able to escape a black hole, wouldn’t you be able to choose in fact where you end up because at faster than light travel, time does become space and you can travel back and forth at ease. Or, maybe I’m just stupid and not understanding the concept of this video lol
Ryan Schuch The video said time become space, but I heard that black holes die at some point and it is explode and its give back everything what is sucked in. So that would be the point when the outside universe got older with billions of years. But the light which fell into a black hole first coming out. which is took a second to the first light. But be honest nobody knows what is happening in there.
But did you know nobody seen a black hole before. they just think it is exist but they don't know. Because they just looking at a black thing which could be nothing no reflection of starts on that area. But maybe just looking into a big space.
Lucas Balaminut good job
Matimathical 0:34 nice pun
Nichol
Noticed it, but only realized it was a pun when I read this.
I don’t get it
@@colleen9493 "spacetime dyslexia" then he says matemathical because that is a potential dyslexia rendering of "mathematical"
love these PBS SpaceTime videos!! makes my brain feel sooo pleasant and the narrarator/host is f*@$ing awesome
Glad you chose this topic, I've been looking for that for a while
Fascinating, the concept of time and space switching!
Technically though wouldn't it be more like space taking on properties of time? As far as I can tell, time doesn't become more navigable within the black hole the same way space normally is.
Yes, it'd be more accurate to say they switch properties, r roles or take on each other's characteristics.
I just made it through the video without getting completely lost. I've never been so proud!!!!
ZAMASU!!!!!!!!!!!!
Gideon Jones ningenn
Best space time video so far. Q- once past the event horizon what is the relative time from the center of the black hole. Not from the perspective of the universe outside but from the black holes inside relative perspective?
I will consider my life successful the day I understand this guys atleast 1 video.
Time is created by causality.
The speed of light is the speed of causality.
Ergo, time travels at the speed of light.
I see what you did there Architect😏
"Timey Whimey" Thank You for the Dr. Who reference.
Hey Matt, you are the DUDE! I love your videos, I love the way you explain things and your explaining mood, you are so easy to listen to, and I think I will understand all of those crazy physics things by listening to your explanations. Thank you (~8.
Thanx for all you guys do. this kind of science along with chemistry has been my passion since i was a kid but have only recently started to really understanding it. 😍😆😲
in standard spacetime, accelerating through space requires the exertion of force on another body, or the emission of radiation. what would an object have to do beyond the black hole, in order to accelerate through the newly traversable "time" dimension?
That’s a great question
very eloquent way of stating that last comment, which was a nice way of saying 'step your science game up'...
Hi, just wanted to say something re your last comment about comprehensibility. I may a typical viewer of yours, lacking the maths to properly understand the mathematical concepts, and tbh never likely to acquire it. But, I really love your shows, they are perfect in my opinion for the interested layman who cares about science, pitched perfectly and you and the other presenter I've seen on PBS are both brilliant and your passion shines through. Thanks for the content!
You strike a good balance of pushing the envelope just enough for those of use who are not experts but want to understand a deeper level than intro discussions.
Perhaps a stupid question but in previous episodes you briefly talked about the theory behind the Alcubierre drive and the fact that if it were possible to make one it would simultaneously expand and contract space (in a way that is consistent with general relativity). My question is could such a device be used to 'pry open' a black hole by expanding the space in it faster than it collapses in on itself or does a hypothetical Alcubierre drive not alter space time geometry that way.
You know you've asked a good question when no-one replies!
@@Luke96Green But if someone replies to point out that a question with no replies is a good question, and someone else replies to that reply to point out that the reply pointing out that a question with no replies is a good question is itself a reply which makes the question no longer a question which can claim to be a good question on the basis of having no replies, does that put the person originally asking the question back into a state of not knowing if their question is a good question?
SmegInThePants Yes.
That is the smartest stupid question I’ve ever heard...
Well if no one else answers I will. The answer is no, even if we invent a working drive it won't allow us to open a black hole. Any distortion we make in space will immediately be smoothed out by the much stronger force of the black hole. If we could somehow produce more gravity distortion than a black hole then maybe. It would have to be much stronger otherwise they would cancel out. I just don't see that happening.
Thank you for this video! Please don't pander to an audience with no prior physics background. There's already plenty of channels which do just that, and like you say, if people didn't keep up with the video, it shouldn't be hard to catch up on the intro stuff from other places. Keep making videos like this, with some meat on the bone.
PBS Spacetime has made it significantly easier to teach my kids physics the last several years. Now at 10 & 12, both can explain a great deal of basic physics, including a deep & respectable description of the sub atomic world. Now to be fair, the effort to teach them was happening already, and would have continued even without PBS ST, but you folks sure made it easier. -This parent thanks you.
This was uploaded on march 30th. You had an excelent oppertunity to upload this on april 1st, and finish off by saying: "...into how time and space blend together. In ways perhaps the strangest place, in Time-Space." Instead of finishing with the usual motto of the channel with "Space-Time" like you do for every other video.
I mean, the topic of the video was even how time and space switch roles.
What is the overlap of the groups of people who like anime and watch this channel?
here's one I guess, although I haven't been able to watch as much anime as I used to after starting uni 3 years ago.
Heiko Schlichting yes but I'm so baked right now all I could think of was pyramids and hieroglyphs.
Heiko Schlichting it's popular science. So I guess your answer is young nerds.
anyone that watched Stein's Gate
Robert Tube
Myself included :)
I think it would help a lot to get a approximation of what it would look like with two dimensions of space plus the time dimension. Treating space as only one and then swapping it with time simplifies it to a point where it can nicely be shown graphically, but hinders a full understanding to emerge. I do understand the 3 dimensional graphic I request is more difficult to display but hopefully you will manage to come up with something. Thank you :)
If you look at the Schwarzchild metric, the delta r squared (area) is multiplied by the lorentz factor. While the delta t is multiplied to the inverse of the Lorentz factor. But if you look at the equations of relativity, time is usually multiplied to the Lorentz factor while space is divided by the inverse of the Lorentz factor.
Nicely explained. I think if our contemporary measure of time, in 'our space', were to be applied to the instant just 'before' the 'big bang', the time would be zero o'clock. Take our contemporaneous time back another year 'before' the 'big bang', it would still be zero o'clock etc. etc.
We're surely living in a universe analogous to a black hole, *inside* an event horizon.
I have always wondered if space-time is digital or analog. That would be a great video.
Interesting - does the universe has a pixel size? Planck length?
@@MickOhrberg Sub atomic Particles are Quantised inside atoms at different energy levels, hence Quantum Mechanics
This video is digital, but you can put it on any analog video format you want. It doesn't really matter
@@MickOhrberg I watched a Ted talk talking about how if you quantize space at the plank length relativistic equations just fall out of it as descriptors
Crunchyroll trial and more fun math. This channel is the best!
Hi. Thanks for your great videos. This is always a pleasure.
As mentioned in the end some coordinates systems do not lead to that switch. Hence my question: does the Schwartzschild metrics remain valid passed the event horizon?
Thank you.
I like how this episode starts by referencing the previous episodes for prerequisite knowledge... as if that would help me understand any of this!
I did this at University this semester and I've got to say he basically covered everything apart from the maths. One major point our professor mentioned multiple times is that these are JUST COORDINATES. So time and space don't really switch. The coordinates switch. There are other sets of coordinates (that he mentioned at the end briefly) where they don't switch (like those in the Penrose diagram), time stays as time and space as space
is "JUST COORDINATES" meant to imply that there is no physical significance? Because that doesn't check out. I think the physics pretty well agrees that time becomes 'space like' ie time having freedom of direction and that space becomes 'time like' in that there is only one direction of freedom. The word "switching" seems to fit in fact.
I feel like this explains that scene from Interstellar
I suspect that too
Brilliant and lucid explanation.
Love the music library for these spots
Chrunchyroll!?
Watch Cowboy Bebop episodes one hour after they've aired! ... wait what?
elvancor #TimeTravelConfirmed
Indeed!
El Psy Congru
Go watch Stein's Gate (quite arguably the best story about the act of time travel ever told).
My mind just got blown at the end
Is this space-time dyslexia purely a "Matemathical" quirk 😆👍
Lol. Caught that. :p
Lol. Caught that. :p
It's easy to spot that one when you're a mathemagician.
it is what really happens when one falls inside a black hole, as crazy as it sounds
+nacho73 Really? The "h" in "mathematical" migrates inside a black hole? That's not an effect I recall any studies about. Could you provide a source?
Pretty much when you’re in a black hole, when it moves through space it creates the perception of time for you. Just how our ideas (the lives within the black holes of our eyes) change when we move throughout the world and see/partake in new experiences
This is the best pop-science channel I have ever watched
The singularity becomes a future time, not a central place!
I wonder, does this mean if we wait infinitely long we will see the inside of a black hole?
U could jus fly into one
Yes, but you will die far before "reaching" the singularity
You can’t wait forever as you will always hit the event horizon first
There is no "inside".
Kind of explains where some of the concepts at the end of Interstellar came from. Still a goofy ending, but now I see some of the inspiration.
"goofy ending" OK
@@veritasabsoluta4285 Yes, goofy, silly, unserious ending.
There's time to make space, and there's a lot of space to make it in time.
Understanding first half of the video and feeling like I'm having a stroke after second half. Love it. Will come back later with greater knowledge and see if I understand
I watch these kind of videos whenever I get depressed. Lol..
Same haha
Wait wouldn't it possibly make you feel more depressed? Knowing there's so much more out there, and we're limited by being out here on planet earth
Im watching this and i dont understand a single thing. Im from 6th grade though
You fuckers make me laugh.
“I’m depressed.”
Lol for what?
@@TenshinhanIsKing for the laughs!
+1 for the "timey-wimey" reference -- brilliant!
This might be something people on this channel don't want, as visualizing this stuff is easy with the diagram, but for me personally, I would love to have a 'graphical representation' of falling into the black hole, where the 'lensing' of the universe above and below were periodically stretched to normal visual parameters.
Most visualizations of falling into a black hole show the image of the universe 'collapsing' into a hemisphere, and then down into a smaller and smaller point, containing the entire spherical image in a smaller conical arc radius. While I 'understand' what is happening visually, having a version of this which does a sort of window within a window view, stretching out that visual area, to show the actual events as they would appear outside the blackhole if we could explode the conical view to a 'full view' would help me greater appreciate what I am actually seeing.
Likewise, if such a graphic could be simulated with this window within a window explosion of the portion of the view that represents the inward and outward universe, and also allowed for 'navigation' within the blackhole so we could 'experience' increasing the speed of our demise, and the relative 'change' in what we are seeing (What it ACTUALLY looks like to see light from the 'past' within our lightcone, with an exploded view, of what it would look like outside the extreme gravitational lensing we are forced to witness these concepts within), would make these points even more salient.
I have talked to one of the astrophysics professors at my university, and he thinks this is a great idea, but unfortunately our visual arts department isn't exactly up to the task of this sort of collaboration, as it's less a 'video' (Or even a 360 video) and more of a 'game' because of all the variables that have to be considered including the movement of the perspective.
Frankly I'm happy to have at least got the gist of the idea of what the visualization might look like, but it would be SOOO much cooler to actually experience it, and MIGHT make this entire video series much more intuitive for people who have trouble memorizing the covered material even if they went through it in order.
This is a truly muthaflippin amazing video. That made almost too much sense the way you laid it out. We y’all able to use the recent PHOTOGRAPH OF A BLACK HOLE to enhance this presentation? I would imagine we could almost certainly prove this with physical evidence. Idk what technology we would need, perhaps more LIGO date? But y’all are the experts. Keep em coming!
Is Crunchyroll the new Audible?
Seems like every TH-camr is sponsored by them now xD
It’s an anime distribution company
A video about space and time being sponsored by Crunchyroll...
Alright, let me get my IBM 5100.
CarthagoMike mad scientist! Sonovabitch
I always open this mans videos when I want to sleep but can’t. I don’t know why but I swear I fall asleep in 2 minutes after the video starts.
Thank you for sharing this that was very interesting.
Please, do a video about the four fundamental forces
CommanderNuts He probably means water, fire, air and earth. Too much anime I suspect.
CommanderNuts can you even count boi, you said 3 not 4..
Setekh there's no such thing as too much anime
I trying to help pbs spacetime
Crash Course has done a good job with those already. Also there's a Big Think talk with Michio Kaku that goes into them as well.
I don't think gravity is a force, so shouldn't it only be 3?
Where is the video titled "Faster than Light Travel Achieved!" ?
I love this show!
I might be saying the same thing in a different way, but I figured due to relativistic effects, especially with a spinning black hole, that there would be a "time cost" because any motion in certain directions causes you to approach an acceleration of space-time that approaches the limits of relativity. If time is moving slower, light is arriving faster if space is the same curvature, so, space would have to invert and distort until it APPEARED to be moving at light speed. That could flatten out the directions you head in. It's possible that one past the event horizon that there is no "into the center" of the black hole. It's in fact, JUST a flat plane around a sphere and there is NO DISTANCE inside the radius -- not in a least, a way we could measure or travel. Space could become "normally flat" If it takes light a million years to move in or out of the gravity well a meter -- then, it appears as if it's traveling a million light years. Everything in the distance might appear to be moving faster than light, but the closer to your point you get, the more "normal" it appears because any vector IN or OUT of the black hole becomes impossibly exaggerated and thus "deeper." So measurements we might take outside the horizon are meaningless inside. And, weirdly enough, I hear that at the distance edge of our view of the Universe, it appears galaxies are moving faster than light - the kind of lensing of time effect I would expect. If we are in a black hole -- there's no telling of a centimeter is not inflated to be a light year. All our measurements are consistent in every direction -- so that makes me think we are NOT in a black hole. But -- we can't be sure we are able to see in 360 degrees because at the 0 points the angles approach infinity in a consistent manner. Externally, you might be spun around the radius of the black hole a few times in one direction, and a hair's thickness in the other -- if Time as a field (not causality) is distorted, so perhaps is space -- and they might always appear in balance at least locally. Space is flat. Just a thought. The other thing is; if you are constantly slowing in time as you approach a massive gravity well; are things that are hot all the hotter because this kinetic energy is occurring faster -- or does it get too hot to interact because of relativity? It would not be moving slower, because the external viewer is seeing the rapid motion even while you slow -- but relativity might force extremely hot objects to not exchange heat with other objects in the same way as radiant energy "blue shifts" and kinetic motion might prohibit heat exchange. Thus, it's very hot but the energy is less and less exchanged and interacts to other objects as cold. We might not know if it "empty space" were too high a frequency and energetic for a similar reason.
Marc Johnson, your name is quite close to my most favorite musical artist, 'Mark Ronson'
Now I understood how on movie interstellar Cooper(Matthew) was able to move in time when he moves in space.. ohhh myyyy 💟