Black Hole Harmonics
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ก.ย. 2024
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Black holes are crazy enough on their own - but crash two together and you end up with a roiling blob of inescapable space that vibrates like a beaten drum. And the rich harmonics of those vibrations, seen through gravitational waves, could hold the secrets to the nature of the fabric of spacetime itself. Today on space time journal club we’ll explore the papers that claim to have detected black hole harmonics. We’ll also give you the latest updates on the most recent - in some cases quite bizarre - LIGO detections.
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Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Murilo Lopes
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @jrsschattenberg
When physicists talk about black holes they’re usually referring to highly theoretical objects - static, unchanging black holes viewed from “infinitely” far away. This makes everything clean and simple enough to attempt the already notoriously complex calculations of black hole physics. But real black holes are created in the violent deaths of massive stars, and there’s nothing clean about that. And we now know that black holes merge - and in the process produce gravitational radiation that we’ve only just managed to detect with the miraculous work of the LIGO and VIRGO gravitational wave observatories. In the instant after its merger, the new, joined black hole looks nothing like the idealized theoretical black hole.
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As a musician, I'm surprised by just how much this made complete sense. Anyone who plays low-tuned bass guitars knows that the second harmonic is usually louder than the fundamental. Hence why tuners like to not show the note I want to tune to and instead show the perfect fifth because that overtone is louder...
Very cool observation! But the fifth is the third harmonic. I think on an acoustic guitar it’s the second harmonic (an octave above the fundamental) that would tend to be the loudest. Is it the third harmonic on a bass?
Actually I might be wrong about the acoustic guitar. Weird to think we’ve been listening to parallel fifths all this time
Wow, i never realized why my E would tune to C until now.
yea thats one of the reasons i dont to more than a low b on my bass lol
@@SgtMacska no, the fifth is the second harmonic. First is octave. Second is fifth above that. Unless you're using different nomenclature? Like mixing up first position and first inversion when talking about figured bass?
It's absolutely mind boggling the amount of information we can get from vibrations that are smaller than the diameter of a proton. LIGO is an awesome project!
I can't wait for the space based observatory.
I can't wait for my sandwich.
@@pierfrancescopeperoni did you get your sandwich?
@@pepe6666 No, it's moving too fast.
It's amazing to think that we can listen to the universe to learn about it the same way we listen to things on Earth, but instead of vibrating air, the sounds vibrate space-time. I never thought of LIGO as a gigantic space-time microphone before.
And, unlike many other waves in Astrophysics, G-waves from black hole mergers are apparently within human hearing range!
@@parnikkapore that's amazing
Everyone else: Does Extreme Sports
PBS: Does Extreme Space Time
Ok that was a good one.
A vast improvement
Me on guitar: I can hit some pretty sweet pinch harmonics.
Black Holes: Well, check *this* out...
Anyway, here's wonderwall
0 3 5
Rich Mitch: What a coincidence, this is what I was listening to as I read your comment: th-cam.com/video/9OasxD_oP8M/w-d-xo.html
In spacetime music the black hole plays you. We're all part of the instrument when space itself is vibrating.
"Hold beer no?" -black hole
"Ok come on" -me
"Ehh me can't give. Only take." -black hole
This episode brings back aggravating memories for me. Twice I've lent my harmonica to a black hole... I never got them back.
Yes, but the black hole's rendition of Paint It Black was epic.
I had a very long interruption in my physics graduate studies, so I learned general relativity twice. The first time was in the late 1960's and the second at roughly the turn of the century. In the 1960's this was all theoretical. Supercomputers of that time were extremely expensive and not much more powerful than today's desktops. The work was fun, exciting, but extremely limited. None of us dreamed that we would get real data from an actual black hole merger, much less a continuing stream of new signals. As it was described to me at the time, Einstein's primary tool was Occam's Razor. The details were long ago and far away, but I recall that he posited that everything could be described by a curvature tensor that had 64 real numbers. Starting with the simplest terms, he set values that he felt were required to satisfy the known data, and set all the rest to zero. He was surprisingly right. Now it seems that he was spectacularly right, as was William of Occam. Certainly the story will get more complex soon, but much of what we know now to be true came from Einstein's faith that the universe was at its roots simple.
Some of you who is reading this, didn't finish it...
Fascinating. Thank you.
@Buck Barry I'm not a college educated physicist, but I love learning about these things. I find it frustratingly amazing how we have never found a tangible way to disprove(or at this point, improve upon) Einstein's work.
And I absolutely love the science we've done by carving out an ever better understanding of his work.
@@RovingTroll Dark Matter seems to suggest that Einstein isn't completely Right.
@@tapferetomate914 Dark matter is also highly hypothetical.
I was thinking grav lensing then i saw that you thought of it..... dang it Matt, make me feel special
I'm more primitive. I could recognize "mass and spin" before he said it. Made me feel special, too.
As a chemist, I can't help but notice some at least superficial parallels between black hole harmonics and atomic orbitals.
I believe both are ultimately derived from spherical harmonics, so I don't think the connection is all that superficial!
The spherical harmonics table at 4:14 reminds me of the electron orbital shapes table (s,p,d,f,etc). It's nice to see giant things like black holes and tiny things like atoms agreeing on something. \o/
Not surprising as you get spherical harmonics by integrating (Shrodinger's) wave equation in 3D.
I'm a music theory teacher laughing at the fact that you just made a (fantastic) video on overtones and the harmonic series. 😃👍👍 Music of the spheres indeed!
@GET RAD Those who use others' jokes can't make them themselves.
@GET RAD Those who are jerks are jerks. 😂
@@VoidHugger :
i'm a music theory flunkie so enlighten me, sonic overtones can be used to deconstruct the entire signal?
By this theory, gravitational waves are behaving like sonic waves, so whats to stop Gravitational Sonar? seems like highly effective way to measure mass from a large distance
voidremoved ;)
"It has a .69 spin"
Researchers:"nice"
People like you are the reason we're not exploring the stars yet.
@@jasonduvall9480 - If XKCD is any indication, scientists can have a gross, weird, childish sense humour like anyone else, and still be great at science. Possibly grosser, weirder and even *more* childish than regular folks...
@@jasonduvall9480 you should be the subject of your own comment
@@jasonduvall9480 I disagree
@@jasonduvall9480 naw it's our economic system that breeds stupidity because you don't need to be smart to make someone else richer and the rich aren't incentivize to innovated. They are incentivize to make a profit.
The worst thing about black hole mergers are the layoffs: "I'm sorry, despite the general theory of relativity positing that it is impossible to escape a black hole, we're going to have to let you go. But don't worry, you'll be given a generous package of Hawking radiation."
I gave you a thumbs up because you are clearly a geek and need all the love you can get. I love corney original humour and therefore love you! Sorry not in that way.
NIICEEEE !!!!
Hahahahahahahahahahahaha!!!!!! Love It!!!
"We're gonna have to let you go, but since you can't leave, and you're just gonna be hanging around, here's some information to store."
And a magic lantern that only lights up down.
Maybe I need to improve my English.
Matt explaining the overtone series better than any music theorist - imagine what great music could be made if there was more collaboration between physicists and musicians...
Music is applied physics. It's all oscillations.
A thought that has caused me to lose a lot of sleep, the Legrange Point between two colliding black holes. Imagine you had two black holes traveling at 99% of light speed, on a collision course where the event horizons temporarily overlapped, but the singularities at the centers missed the opposing original event horizon. Is it possible for the two to be on an escape trajectory, or does the overlapping and momentary merger of the event horizons disallow any escape trajectories? If they can escape, it would be possible to put balance a spacecraft on the Legrange point between the two objects, pass within the event horizons, and escape.
Once you get to a certain point, nothing made of matter can escape a black hole so that includes black holes themselves. The black holes would just collide and become one black hole so them splitting off again wouldn't happen.
and now this will keep me awake too, thanks for the food for thought
I have thought of something similar. Suppose you have two charged black holes that you keep in place with giant magnets. Suppose you allow their event horizons to just overlap. A friend of mine calculated that if you treat the black holes as point masses, you should be able to travel right in between them without the escape velocity ever being bigger than the speed of light, due to both black holes (partly) canceling out each other's gravitational attraction. Would this be possible? If so, what would you see?
@@martijnbouman8874 I've wondered if the event horizons would repel one another, since you are near a point, the Legrange Point, where the net gravity is zero. So you might be inside a bubble of space time surrounded by event horizon.
@@jaytheamazing197 in the example I used, the singularities are on an escape trajectory moving just past each other's event horizons, but the event horizons themselves overlap.
Exciting times ahead. Thanks for keeping us informed
Remember: If he EVER ends an episode by saying something other than "Spacetime", we RIOT!
Pitchforks and torches, ready...
All I got are khakis and tiki's...
He already ending one with TimeSpace! But not pitchfork worthy, I deem!
@@paulhench7762 correct. Space and time are two sides of the same coin, and are interchangeable in this case. Therefore no offence was committed.
@@tomareani512 Totally agree. This guy is the best: Neil deGrasse Tyson eat your heart out!! (ha ha!!)
Pbs space time you are doing amazing work. Dont know how many children are getting to learn such a beautiful higher science concepts through you and are being intrigued.
Space: Noise is no no
Black Holes: *sans in harmonics*
I came here from a gay jojo video stream
You're probably the most relaxing science related TH-cam channel I follow, keep up the great work as always
3blue1brown
Tibees!
Allow me to introduce you to Journey to the Microcosmos ✨😌
@@maniestacio9245 French whisperer
Hello wonderful person. Living in a black hole I see. Go check out Anton Petrov. "What da math."
I can highly recommend the book "Ripples in Spacetime" by Govert Schilling and Martin Rees on this topic. I read it last year and was so impressed with the description of the observatory that I made a pilgrimage to Livingston, LA to see it for myself.
The two collisions so close together were the mutually-assured destruction of two advanced societies who battle by throwing black holes at each other.
Ah a Lens War.
Or Xeelee Saga?
who knows... lol!
Well, how else are you gonna get rid of an immortal?
Or perhaps a black hole weapon was deflected by intercepting it with another black hole? Point defense?
It's insane how fast this has all developed, from the first photo of a black hole just a few months ago, to scientists proving Einstein right yet again!
Also, to say that these BH/BH mergers took place at almost the same time is to forget that time is directional. No matter where you are, time regresses radially at c. If BHM1 2 lightyears away from Earth explodes, and a year later, BHM2, almost perfectly in plane also explodes 1 lightyear away, the further explosion and the nearer explosion would appear to happen almost simultaneously.
Viewed from 2 lightyears away on the opposite side of Black Hole Merger 1, those explosions would now be viewed 2 years apart. This is because BHM1's information would get halfway to the observer before BHM2's information even sets off, then a year later, BHM1's light will reach the observer, as BHM2's light passes the point in space where BHM1 occurred. That light still has two years of travelling to occur before it reaches the observer, and that's all without the added complication of relativistic motion and expansion.
Your observation of the past is relative to your position to the past.
If you feed a rope into a black hole, what would it look like as it neared the event horizon?
Niscimble Could you pull it back out? Or would it come back all spaghettified? It could possibly pull you in in a Pennywise the Clown type scenario.
Black holes: *THIS ISNT EVEN MY FINAL FORM!*
Kai ok en!!!!
Slightly unrelated question: How do we know that black holes are points of infinite density? What if it just a sphere, like a neutron star, just much more dense? Compressed to the point where the matter (whatever particles it consists of) cannot be compressed anymore.
I mean "point of infinite density with finite mass" doesn't really make sense.
i would like to see this answered in the next QA
We know this because extremely smart people that do extremely complicated math have taken the time to figure it out
I think thats just how the math works. We know the theories we have are incomplete, so as of now we just act like its a single point but really its an unknown.
No knowm mechanism to stop the collapse + the fact that we see them black and not a new type of star?¿
When the only math function we've got to explain some phenomenon returns a singularity at a given input value, we say there's something infinitely small or big in that phenomenon. But i guess that doesn't mean there actually is, it's just the best description we've found so far to explain and predict it. Someone with more knowledge might correct my guessing please?
Making music with gravitational waves be like :Ｏ00Ｏ0Ｏ0ＯＯ0 ( ik it's bad )
My mind still breaks trying to understand the merger. I'm hung up on the idea that the limit of time dilation is infinity as the distance to the event horizon approaches zero.
So do singularities even exist inside, or is time flowing backwards inside, or is time frozen within meaning that all collected matter sits on the firewall or event horizon?
If the singularities don't actually exist, then what is happening to the colliding firewalls, or should the event horizons be impenetrable to each other since they freeze the opposing firewall to infinite time dilation?
I think space time flattens out at the border of the black holes, and thus the time dilation of the event horizons relative to each other are not infinite. Like if you have two balls on a rubber sheet, the slope to them from the outside is steep, but the slope if you go from one to the other isn't steep.
But that is just my guess.
Also, inside the black hole, time becomes spacelike and space becomes timelike.
We don't know what happens inside black holes.Relativity makes predictions but those are untestable as far as we know and singularities are essentially nonsense. (Not for nothing are they called places where the laws of physics BREAK DOWN.)
Time dilation going to infinity only works with a static black hole seen from infinitely far away, two merging black holes that are actively losing energy (Thus mass and size.) are a totally different story. The equivalent there is that the ringdown can never be seen to completely finish; it will seem to slow down infinitely as it loses energy and the merged hole becomes spherical.
I just realized that the background is moving. I can't unsee it now
The only remedy is to Stare at Matt's T-Shirt.
Then, of course, go get some merch...
I think your just too high. Or I am. Cuz I cant see it moving
Woah holy shit nvm I see it now
Nothing is moving, it's just changing colour. That's how pixelated displays work.
Thank god i thought i was just high
Professor O'Dowd is the best professor. Change my mind.
Typical Aussie, always thinking about those Waves
General Relativity is not the final frontier, but still it is awe inspiring how Relativity is holding up in almost every way...
@XY ZW Why ?
@XY ZW Well then what about the Gravitational lensing, and slowing of the clocks in Satellites and Gravitational waves? These are the observed phenomena. How else would you describe it? And why we are not able to accelerate the particles beyond the speed of light? Particle accelerators support Relativity!
@XY ZW Thanks for the explanation and reference, I'll study further!
“A so-called ‘Dimensionless Spin Magnitude’ of .69-“
Nice.
yes!
How does a singularity spin?
@@jamesfowler6306 A singularity means a lot of physics ends up with dividing by zero trying to describe it. Spin is just one of a list.
Emmanuel Landwehrle nice
@@jamesfowler6306 The singularity (presumably at the "centre" of the black hole) doesn't spin at all, being dimensionless. The spacetime that is warped by the singularity does spin however. Think of it like a whirlpool: the object clearly spins, but if you were to ask what is spinning, well it's just the water itself.
this is the only channel where i need to actually prepare myself to for the mental workout
Allow me to introduce you to Numberphile...
@@ntdscherer numberphile is a channel about mathematics. this channel is about the places and scales where mathematics seemingly kills itself.
so very much like two drops of water merging together, interesting. Or two vortexes
I just realized that the beginning audio clip of PBS Digital Studios is the Mr. Rogers Remix, reversed.
Is resonance a concept that applies to gravitational waves?
Wait, so gravitational lensing can bend gravity waves?
Thanks to my knowledge of music and audio production I actually have some idea what this episode was about! I'm sure it's just an anomaly. Great episode.
Good video, great subject!
The first sentence packs so much in the brain reels to keep up as I re-watch it again and a gain. "Black holes are crazy enough on their own - but crash two together and you end up with a roiling blob of inescapable space that vibrates like a beaten drum."
Last time I was this early the four fundamental forces hasn't separated yet.
Amazing how fast we are going from barely detecting gravitational waves at all to using gravitational wave signals to analyze the things emitting them.
@XY ZW Please stop watching conspiracy theory videos.
@XY ZW Your trolling and thus probably wasting my time but we not talking about 2D objects we talking about 3D objects bending 3 +1 SpaceTime. If your referring to the Singularity that is a 1D object but the effects we observe are of the area around that which do bend space. If Singularities actually exist or are actually really small 3D objects. Mat covered before majority of physics not believing singularities exist because they violate ideas on Quantum Mechanics.
I'm not an astronomer or a physicist but I still follow @LIGO on twitter. It thrills me to see, within a few minutes of a BBH detection, that there's one less black hole in the observable universe.
Also the idea that gravity waves may be affected by (cough, cough) gravitational lensing (cough) is causing some higher order spherical harmonics in my mind.
I can imagine an insanely advanced civilization that uses black holes in orchestras
The band's name is, "Disaster Area" and they previously crashed a ship into a sun. This was documented in, "The Restaurant At The End Of The Universe" by Douglas Adams.
Sadly, Douglas Adams passed on before documenting their greatest concert where they merged blackholes. (It has been suggested that if you adjust their concert timelime to a more human-appreciable time scale, it sounds a lot like the 1812 overture...)
The 1,812,000 overture?
Terrifying. I wonder how much mass they would waste in the process.
Thank you for putting a time scale. I get so annoyed when things are said to happen "quickly" but don't actually say how quickly.
Hey hey we're the Monkees!
People say we oscillate around!
Takes quadrillions of us to make black holes!
But only gravity will keep us down!
Since we are dealing with black holes, is it reasonable to expect that the overtones don't really die completely but give rise to quantum effects at ultra-low amplitudes?
It is, and low amplitude effects are those most distorted by time dilation, to the point that they should never quite die away.
From what I understand, when a guitar string vibrates back and forth, it does so because momentum is being preserved, losing energy as it slows down. The fabric of Spacetime itself doesn't have momentum, so why does it bounce back and forth when the black holes merge?
Edit: I have heard of gyroscopes that use oscillation instead of rotation to achieve gryoscopic effect (like the gyroscopes in the JWST, or my smartphone), but I never understood why it worked as a gyroscope. Is the momentum in oscillation a kind of angular momentum in some sense?
I still don't get how a black hole, a spacetime topological defect, can *spin*, but you already did an episode trying to explain that, so I might just be dumb.
Id say it likes to settle into the lowest energy state, an oscillating mass vs a static mass, the static mass probably has a lower energy state. I am not a physicist tho.
The field strength is the analogous quantity to the guitar string's displacement from the straight-line position. It's the energy of that displacement from the "zero" point that is being conserved.
I think the semi-Newtonian picture would be to say the mass in the blackhole is what is doing the sloshing, and it then warps the spacetime around it.
But alternatively, while Spacetime itself doesn't have momentum I think that gravitational waves might. Just like it doesn't make any sense to think of electric and magnetic fields having momentum, but photons definitely do. My GR isn't good enough to explain how that gives you oscillations in the event horizon though.
This has to be one of the questions featured on the next q&a segment... I hope.
@Brandon Piperjack Nope - it'd loose its energy by converting it to heat that gets radiated. Same with black holes. Those gravitational waves carry away energy making "ringing" die down.
So cool that i came across this video. In 2020 I gradueted in Physics and did my thesis on quasinormal modes of black holes and Cosmic Censorship Conjecture. So good to comeback to this since i havent worked with physics since then.
And I remeber reading both of this pappers by Teukolsky et al and making a presentation about it to my group
When those BHs first kiss, the instant (or Planck time) when the two (topologically understood) join, is something, a Poincare conjecture, or whatever, violated? Or at least subjected to a merciless stress test?
Asking for a friend who is mathless.
Me. The friend who is mathless is me.
Sounds like an interesting question that I don't understand.
Depends if Gravity is actually a force. So far all evidence is Relativity is right and Gravity only a effect, a measurement of curvature of space time if that holds than it could be an instant and Singularities really are one dimensional. Glad you worded it both ways. As lots of Quantum Mechanics ideas have Gravity as a force it might be true and thus it would be a Planck tick.
@@RedRocket4000 Those who argue that gravity is not a force but something else emulate the eminent philosopher Gustav Freitwig, who discovered that there is no such thing as a chair. What we call chairs are only small padded tables for the buttocks ("Arschtafeln").
Concerning singularities-- a region of space has finite density, and then infinite density-- but there are no numbers larger than any real but smaller than infinity. How is this gap crossed?
WOW AGAIN!! After re-repeated view... barely understand. Maybe. Anyway,
it's not just a slogan, it s really exiting. New set of data means a whole eye opening, like telescope, like radioastronomy.
* Right! When you punch a guitar string, the tune appears to change, from noisy to rich-non-tuned to rich-tuned to purer... The noise is not random. You hear chaos because the harmonics are stronger at start and the first to decay. So I believe you.
"Cough Cough Gravitational Lensing cough cough" LOL
I was 7+ minutes in before I realized the background was moving...
after reading your comment I saw that.
So a lame physics joke : a neutron enters a bar, gets a drink and finds out "It's free of charge"
I'll leave now
and the bartender said "we don't serve hypothetical faster-than-light particles here"
A tachyon walks into a bar...
@@jpaulc441 you fool! tachion just entered the room many hours ago
no, the better punchline would be, the neutron comes out as a proton and electron
@@jpaulc441 A Higgs Boson walks into a Church. The priest says, “We don’t allow Higgs Bosons in here. The particle responds by saying: “But without me, how can you have Mass?”
@@jpaulc441 I see what you already did then.
Great video. Please do more!
I have a theory that black holes consume information and convert it to space contributing to the expansion of space time
how tho
In 1968; on LSD the famous first Hippie band The Grateful Dead wrote this classic tune *'Dark Star'* about time and space. AMAZING!
*Dark star crashes, Pouring its light, Into ashes, Reason tatters, The forces tear loose from the axis, Searchlight casting, For faults in the Clouds of delusion*
[Chorus] *Shall we go, You and I, While we can? Through The transitive nightfall Of diamonds*
*Mirror shatters, In formless reflections, Of matter, Glass hand dissolving, To ice petal flowers, Revolving,, Lady in velvet, Recedes, In the nights of goodbye*
[Chorus] *Shall we go, You and I, While we can? Through The transitive nightfall Of diamonds* Wow that must have been some trip there 'Captain Trips' Jerry Garcia!
Where can we listen to these ring-down harmonics?
Space Time Journal Club always makes me excited like a kid about to open some unexpected presents! And rightfully so - these findings are amazing, it would be very interesting to see if more data comes to confirm the no hair theorem (and confirm or deny the absence of electric charge in black holes), as well as some more studies about these coincidental events - what I assume you mean by gravitational lensing in this case would be that we're merely seeing echoes of the gravitational waves? Great video really, loved it!
"WhaT Is ThaT MeLODY!?"
What's that M'Lady
Anugrah Mathew Prasad Quoting Overwatch’s astrophysicist character “Sigma”.
Darude Sandstorm
Karnage Reaver
Dam it you beat me to it
Loooool
What would it be like to be in the centre of two colliding equally sized black holes?
Did someone do the 'Great band name' joke yet? Yeah? 472 times? Oh, alright.
FUN FACT: Your farts also create a gravitational ripple in spacetime
Cool stuff, as always! Not sure if you ever did a video explaining how it might be possible to extract energy from a rotating black hole (Penrose process e.g.). If not, that looks like an interesting topic (for me).
a bit offtopic:
What are those beautiful backgrounds you use every episode? Could you link them in the discription, as I guess those are pics the NASA made?
It appears to be a space time animation... everything is in motion, and many points come and go in the background...
Could be an elaborate mixture of many Hubble images I suppose...
Wow, that was extremely cool
Matt,
I don't understand how two event horizons can merge in a non- infinite timeframe from our point of reference. Wouldn't the two horizons accelerate towards each other until, when very close, appear to slow down, never quite touching?
Even tho theoretically the density of a black hole is infinite and nothing can escape an event horizon, the one with more mass will eventually suck up the other and gain more mass. Black holes are contradictions themselves but we learn something new every year lol
@@sagelink2 And for fun the total Mass will be less than the combination of the two masses the rest radiated as Gravity Waves which starting at the event horizon I get very confused on why we notice anything considering how slow time is moving in that region.
Yes I'd expect that, though even if that part wasn't slowed much due to time dilation eg some accreted mass outside the EV then after both EVs merge even a little like a dumb-bell then, by extreme time dilation the cores or singularity of Planck neutron star etc would take infinite amount of time from our perspective to merge...
Clang, clang, clang went the trolley; ding, ding, ding went the black hole.
Whoa... “Dark Matter Monkeys”... I totally want one now. (9:57)
th-cam.com/video/cKOtPR0DZdU/w-d-xo.html
Brilliant video man! What’s an astrophysical blackhole and what makes it different from other blackholes, apart from missing one of the properties.
I love how my brain is like a blob when i finish to watch any PBS video...
I'm trying...i'm trying my best to keep up with every word in the video i swear,one step at the time i'll improve my brain skill
Some of those patterns in the merger simulation reminded me of electron orbitals.
Yep, both come from the same mathematical equations of spherical harmonics! This episode gave me flashbacks to struggling to understand spherical harmonics and use them to predict the shapes of electron orbitals towards the end of the intro to quantum unit of my university's 2nd year physics class.
Guitar: Which harmonics can you play?
Black Hole: Yes.
This is the first Space Time video I've actually understood. Thanks, music school!
After reading that title, I want to hear a black hole barbershop quartet.
Apparently, black holes probably have no hair, so no black hole barbershops.
@@huehuecoyotl2 But they're good at removing hair from other things, so yes black hole barbershops.
But in space, no one can hear you sing...
never trust a man that don’t drink.
This is a little bit of a tangential thought, but... does our spacetime have a spin to it?
Would the spin of a blackhole observed within our spacetime propagate to whatever spacetime lies on the other side?
Would observing the spin of our spacetime help to dis/prove the various origin theories for our universe?
Physicists: we've run thousands of simulations predicting the harmonics of merging singularities in spacetime
Me: I can't find my glasses when they're sitting on my head
Physicists: we've let computers run thousands of simulations predicting the harmonics of merging singularities in spacetime
Also Physicists: I can't find my glasses when they're sitting on my head
This made so much more sense when you put it in musical terms.
My two favorite things: Music and Black holes
oh you dont like existing that much? im sorry to hear that
@@maxmusterman3371 lol omg
@@maxmusterman3371 but do we exist? *plays Vsauce music*
@Martiddy - Sama cogito ergo sum
That's why I love Muse.
Graduated in Musicology, student of Composition and keen on Astronomy and Astrophisics here, and this video was very exciting for me.
Actually, the instrument I'd find most similar in behaviour to a recently merged pair of black holes are either bowed/plucked instruments' bodies (the likes of violin, guitar, etc.) and timpani membranes.
I think Einstein's GR should get an A+ about now.
Wasn't that long ago when we were all excited because LIGO detected the first gravitational waves. Now physicists are analyzing the overtones of black hole collisions and creating new fields of study like gravitational wave spectroscopy. It's amazing how fast the science is developing.
6:02 that simulation shows positive deflection of space time. so, the areas next to merging black holes effectively produces anti-gravity?
oh like boats?
If you look closely the arrows are pointing down. It is showing amplitude, not positive deflection.
I understand why you would say that but it's not that. It's sort of easy to answer yourself if you imagine falling into the center of gravity of both black holes from the side.
Also, you can check the original video description for more details. th-cam.com/video/1agm33iEAuo/w-d-xo.html
@@SuviTuuliAllan, LOL; yeah like boats!
@@zahirkhan778 thank you
I have some questions about the dumbbell black holes. 1. If there is only one direction in a black hole that's to the center then where is the singularity in that shape? Is it the center of the dumbbell? 2. Is there a moment you could fly in between them near merger as you are being pulled in each direction at near the speed of light? 3. How and when do the singularities combine when they go about this shape? 4. If you shot a black hole at another one so that the singularity of the first would go straight through the center of the other, would it also ring and blow out to become a dumbbell?
0.) The following assumes singularities exist. This is what relativity gives us, but they violate quantum mechanics so nobody's sure what the deal is there.
1.) If the hole is not spherical then the singularities will not have merged yet, the warped hole will have TWO centers that will take time to spiral together and merge.
2.) Yes, it would be very uncomfortable due to the massive tidal forces involved.
3.) There would be a fixed time before the singularities would merge, about 100 milliseconds for the mergers we're seeing. They would spiral together like the holes, drawn by their own gravity.
4.) Shooting holes directly at each other will make them merge faster. Since there's no angular momentum to shed they won't form the dumbbell shape, it would be a much cleaner merger.
I can't wait until black hole collision chimes make it into EDM...
Rule 34...somehow.
13:10 Extreme space time. Could be an industrial electro band.
Sigma from overwatch : WHAT IS THAT MELODY ????
Matt O'Dowd's SpaceTime presentations always blow my mind, but this is actual, real science and not something someone just made up.
I think "no hair" black holes should be called bald holes.
It's a reference to hair around an anus. It's a joke on French scientists IIRC.
Edit: This seems to be just be a myth. See further comments below.
@@Mankepanke That is absolutely hilarious. Any source if it's true? :D
That's bad, but it's not as bad as a 'naked singularity.'
@@KungKras I am not able to find a good reference for it being intentional, only heresay and others looking for a source. It seems people did hear it somewhere. It could be that I got it from A Universe From Nothing, or perhaps A Short History of Nearly Everything. I don't feel like manually searching those physical books, though, so I'll just accept it as a myth.
However, it does have dirty connotations in French: erkdemon.blogspot.com/2009/12/black-holes-are-rude-in-french.html
@@Mankepanke Nice.
If those books are good, I might read them myself someday.
Black hole black hole merger and Gravitational Lensing. Einstein is on a roll.
"Quasinormal mode" also known as a "Quasimodo" 😁
Computer Scientist here, forgive my ignorance.
Question: sounds exactly like a discrete time Fourier transform (or something of the sort for the sine/2D waves to which you allude).
What is the problem/confusion/skepticism in decomposing the waves with an algorithm just as an FFT might based on the properties? This seems very straightforward in the way you explained it.
If the experiments yielded different results, can you explain such implications?
How can I learn more about implementing this sort of harmonic algorithm/transform in my own program, similar to how the SXS implements it, aside from the papers you mentioned?
Never mind, I’m not a Computer Scientist, after listening to this, I will update my LinkedIn to “Armchair Astrophysicist, PBS Spacetime Univeristy”.
Thanks for the great content.
"Spin magnitude of .69"
Nice.
Two black holes. Close. 69. Nice
Nice.
Are there stats on which users watch the video the most? I might be in the top ten. There’s deep beauty in this, and so many of his episodes.
Hmmm, two similar mergers in the same part of the sky? A lensing event, perhaps? Dark matter interference? Love those rabbit holes!
Could be an echo from the edges of space.
If there's an additional highly massive object (probably a black hole) between us and the merger, the waves from the merger could have been lensed, yes.
Thank you Matt
I saw Anton's video on this a couple days ago. Very interesting topic.
This is over my head. My thoughts don't merge.