Tajik Civil War of 1992-1997 - Cold War DOCUMENTARY
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 พ.ย. 2024
- Our historical documentary series on the history of the Cold War continues with a video on the Tajik Civil War of 1992-1997.
Maps are courtesy of the Red Line Podcast (www.theredline.... Our thanks to them!
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#ColdWar #USSR #Tajikistan #civil #war
Sources:
Jesse Driscoll, “Consolidating a Weak State after Civil War: A Tajik Fable,” in John Heathershaw and Edward Schatz (eds.), Paradox of Power: The Logics of State Weakness in Eurasia (University of Pittsburgh Press, 2017)
Erika Fatland, Sovietistan: A Journey Through Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan (Maclehose Press, 2014)
Kirill Nourzhanov and Christian Bleur, Tajikistan: A Political and Social History (Australian National University E-Press, 2013)
Doug Foster, “Cleansing violence in the Tajik Civil War: framing from the dark side of democracy,” National Identities, Vol.17 (No.4) (2015)
Lawrence P. Markowitz, “Tajikistan: authoritarian reaction in a postwar state,” Democratisation, Vol.19 (No.1) (2012)
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This is the reason why I subscribe to channels like yours. I had no idea this happened.
That is the best thing about history channels every now and then we get a lesser known story that is brilliant and fascinating
most ppl dont even kno this country exists
Exactly I agree
Intentional
☭ censorship and suppression of negative news works wonders. A practice China and North Korea employs to this day. There's a reason why no ☭ country tolerates or allowed independent media!
I love these lesser-known topics about the USSR. Do you plan to ever cover the short-lived Karelo-Finnish SSR?
Cold war ?
@@JanoTuotanto I think it was demoted in '56, so cold war
thank you as an iranian i had no idea
thank you for actually spreading really needed information and education
for people like me whose governments dont provide
In the west, governments don't provide us with this type of information. However, they don't get in the way or try to prevent us from finding out information.
stay strong in there. One day, Iran will be secular and free again.
The Tajik Civil War is often overlooked and receives less attention compared to other post-Soviet conflicts. Great video!
I really don't understand why, it was a big war and so far the only war where the CIS intervened as a block
Seriously! Even more overlooked than conflicts like the first Chechen war, the transnistria war, or the ethnic cleansing of Ingush in Ossetia
@@malegria9641 to be fair the Transnistria war is even more overlooked
Central Asia is the most neglected place in the entire global territory
There is another reason why the CIS countries supported the National Front and Rahmonov. The leaders of National Front had a goal of running the country as a secular state and reiterated that they wanted all non-Tajik minorities to live peacefully in Tajikistan and not leave it. On opposite, I distinctly remember when the opposition forces took over the capital, one of their leaders said that they could treat all Russian speaking population as hostages.
Hadn't the CIS intervened Tajikistan would look like Afghanistan by now
Tajin is a good spice on fruit 🥭
National Front consisted of the politicians from the local socialist party. Opposition was consistent of several fractions with completely different political alignments. Sadly, since Tajikistan was the least developed and the least urbanized republic of the USSR, and didn't even had a separate army command (all military units were mostly recruitied from other Soviet republics) radical islamists took over by force because they were the most extremist group of all.
Ethnic cleansings were the norm everywhere they went. Russian, Uzbek, Kyrgyz, even other Tajik who wasn't religious enough - were seen as a target. Russian and Uzbek army had to evacuate all foreign embassies and consulations since it was too dangerous for them to stay there. To be fair, when the balance shifted, these radicals got the same treatment and most of them were killed in combat or taken prisoner and soon executed.
There are still many refugees all over post-USSR states who fled the Tajikistan and never returned. They all tell horrible stories about the violence they have experienced. It was less of a Civil war and more like an Afghanistan insurgency spill over the border.
@@Nikko2I I'm intrigued, what was happening in Afghanistan at the time that produced spillovers in Tajikistan?
@@agentepolaris4914 Another Civil War has begun there right after the Mujahiddins defeated the local socialist government. Soon their own rule was contested and overthrowned by the Taliban movement. Not to mention that Tajik people live both in modern Tajikistan and Afghanistan. They basically just went both ways over the barely protected border.
I like how my old lectures on this period is still coming back to me as I watched this.
If you haven't done so already, could you make an episode on the genesis of the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan and how it became a full on war between said countries after the collapse of the Soviet Union?
Excellent documentary sir! Thanks you much for making it!
OH MY GOD IM SO FUCKING HAPPY SOMEONE IS FINALLY TALKING ABOUT THIS!! The Tajik civil war has been kind of my hyperfixation for the past few months, and I’ve barely found any English language resources on it, usually only Russian. I can speak English, French, and Chechen, but still not Russian so it’s been hard to find any info on this 😭
Hello I'm Tajik🇹🇯 from Uzbekistan🇺🇿. There are many native tajiks in Uzbekistan especially in Samarkand and Buxara living for many thousand years, we split up from Tajikistan while Sovet Union in 1924 unfairly divided the territory. There are 40 billion Tajiks in the world 😮😮 but 8 billion living in Tajikistan🇹🇯🤔🤔😒😒 this is statistics.
I am tajik from Afghanistan
Billion?
@@MeuzeAnthemHe obviously meant million.
Billion ?
These videos never cease to be interesting👍
The "peace" deal sounds more like a Mafia Commission dividing territory for the respective "families" to undertake their crimes without disturbance. I assume the Tajiks suffer the most from this arrangement.
That is why nobody wants to part of the Russian sphere of influence. Russia has to change that, and they will get the fame they seeking. Right now it's just a maffia takeover, as you mentioned.
That's pretty much it. Still the case to this day
@@therealnofax
Pax Russia. That's all they bring everywhere.
Because that's literally what happened
As tajik, I would say that's pretty much what happened. But in the end there is only one family left
This was a great video thank you for sharing
6:45 I'm surprised you didn't mention the CIS was ran by Count Dooku and Darth Sidious was pulling the strings.
i remember watching a series on "Meet The Stans", maybe you could also do something like that? Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan! What a bunch of Stans those are! 😉😉😉😉😉😉😉
The modern day borders of the stans were not very similar to central Asia prior to the Russian conquest. It might make for an interesting video but maybe a bit messy
@@Abraxium i think that is what makes them so interesting. and the ill fated adventure into Afghanistan. i believe lots of that goes back to the "Great Game" doesnt it? always interested me how some Muslim populations wound up in China and Russia
@@beepboop204 I won't disencourage you from researching the topic, it is very interesting. I can offer you some leads. In short, Volga Bolghars who migrated north of the Pontic steppe in the 600's, aggrevated by the invasion of the Mongols with subsequent Golden Horde. This led to the northernmost mosque in Norilsk. Khwarazmian traders who travelled the silk road became the Hui Chinese (muslims). Finally, Tsarist and Soviet ethnic cleansing of territories in the 1890's and WW2. Infamously of the latter is the Crimean tatars who were only able to return back to Crimea in 1989 after having been accused of collaborating with the invading Nazis. As for Tsarist ethnic cleansing, the Circassian genocide of the 1820's is probably a good start. The Russians actually contributed to the Circassians converting to islam by expulsing them from their homelands and into Turkey.
@@Biggestkidyouknow troll harder plz
@@Biggestkidyouknow yep, talking about things sure is a "colonists mindstate" alright
Informative and interesting, thank you!
Mo idea about this! So happy your back to making new videos
Excellent video 📹
...where identity hadn't existed before.
Excellent content. Highly informative. I have the sense that you guys didn't produce this because millions were clamoring for it, but simply because you thought it was important, and that it would add significantly to a comprehensive picture of the Soviet Union after the Soviet Union. Although much of this material was unfamiliar to me, and I may need to return to it again after exploring related topics, you have definitely stirred my interest about the region and its history.
Well done!
22:49 AH yes an Ace Combat Reference👌, also cool didnt expect a red line colab , more would be nice
I wouldn't call the episode enjoyable but it was certainly depressingly informative.
Good job guys.
An informative and wonderful historical coverage video about civil wars ( 1992-1997 ) in Tajikistan 🇹🇯..how Russian influence and Mojahden influences clashed beneath fighting movements amongst main figures of those civil wars partners.
There is so little info on the central Asia, so thanks for this video.
Make a video on India post-WW2 and Independence post-1947 in three parts: 1947-1964 under Nehru (even include annexation of Goa 1961, 1964-1966 under Lal Bahadur Shastri, 1966-1977 under Indira Gandhi including the Cho La Border War between China and India where India defeated China and avenged the 1962 war)
This is all completely unrelated but a man from Tajikistan once saved my life one time. Don't remember his name but he was the voice reason in a very tense situation.
Many thanks for covering the forgotten(?) conflict of post-Soviet Tajikistan. Then as now, there's a lot of corruption in that country. A most informative video.
I love this channel!
Nice coincidence, I was reading about this yesterday
Been enjoying the series on Central Asia. Largely overlooked area in Western media. Has a very rich cultural history.
Awesome video
Can you make one about the Moldovan-Transnistrian war?
Give it a little time and they might have to pick which one...
@@michaelwarenycia7588 ah heeeeell naaaah 😭
I visited Dushanbe for a few days in 2016, it still looked very ''Soviet'' to me.
Amazing how I never heard of this
Very interesting topic, that I knew literally nothing about beforehand.
One piece of constructive criticism though - your maps throughout this video were pretty hard to interpret unless I paused and switched to HD. (1) Place names are an unreadable blur in 480p. If you're only going to flash a map on-screen for a 10-20 seconds, labels in large easily-readable text are a must IMO. (2) Clear colour-coding is also a good idea - once (@21:55), I lost track of what I was looking at and thought the turquoise-blue area was a lake (it's actually a rebel region). Using blue for contrast is a risky choice IMO, especially when it's a possibly-lake-shaped subregion and it's almost exactly the same colour as other lakes on the same map.
GBAO (O - Oblast - region) was established long before. He is talking about GBAR ( R - republic ). At the beginning of the war Badakhshan region declared itself an Autonomous Republic for a short time. That is what he is talking about.
Can you do an episode on Operation Damocles? It was an Israeli covert operation against West German scientists (many of them ex Nazis) in Egypt working on the Egyptian missile program. Thanks!!
I submit a weird bit of war-adjacent trivia, I hope nobody finds this too flippant or inappropriate. The Russian-Tajik musician Manizha is one of the many people who escaped the conflict and fled with her family to Moscow as a baby.
She ended up Russia's last ever entry at Eurovision, presenting to the 2021 Contest in Rotterdam the bilingual folk-hip hop feminist banger 'Russian Woman', which is just about the last thing that the regime would willingly put out, but that it was blessed with a public vote landslide at the televised entry selection contest. I loved it. I thought it witty, creative and entertaining and I liked the staging idea which used the image of what was clearly meant to be St Olga of Kyiv smiting her enemies on the LED backdrop during the first chorus and a wall of modern Russian women of all kinds singing along for the second chorus. It finished in 9th place over-all, in a year my own poor United Kingdom managed the seemingly impossible Nul Points with the Juries AND the Public.
Sadly 'Russian Woman' became Russia's last entry because of another war, waged in another one of Russia's pheripheries in 2022 and the Russians taking so much of a hissy fit that they were asked to step out for a year or two because of the results of Mr Putin's foreign policy and pulled out of the European Broadcasting Union altogether, so they can't now enter again even if they wanted to. A fact that is particularly ironic given that Manizha is famously anti-Putin and married a Ukrainian gentleman in 2022 and due to her anti-war views, she has been harassed by her own countrymen and sustained an attempt to destroy her career. And the best part was the Ukrainians won, the UK redeemed itself coming in second and we jointly hosted the 2023 edition in Liverpool.
Disasters like this awful conflict have the strangest and most unforseen consequences. They can also sometimes clarify in the mind just what someone's core values are. Clearly being a victim of this conflict in the 1990s had an impact. Manizha is not backing down and hopefully it doesn't end badly for her....
I hate that Eurovision has became too politic
@@agentepolaris4914 I think it depends on how blatant it is.
Dealt with delicately, there's no reason why songs can't tackle difficult subjects and I do really like the capacity of the Contest to showcase different cultures and musical styles (the Portuguese most years). 'Who the Hell is Edgar?' from Austria in 2023 is about the potential exploitation of content producers by streaming services as per the "0.003" reference, but there's layers. I also don't have a problem with the principle of broad participation, for example, the Polish artist Monika Kuszyńska in 2015 who was a wheelchair user after a terrible traffic accident and actually proved very important going forward for Contest rules on accessibility within chosen venues, given she actually had to be picked up and carried to be able to get around at times - which isn't acceptable. As with all things, it depends on how you handle it.
Where it becomes difficult is where one group is preferenced over another and if you would rather than not the case and it remain for everyone, suddenly you wonder whether you don't have a place in the fandom anymore. I was certainly very reluctant to express my despair about the selection of Olly Alexander as my country's contestant for this year's Contest because I didn't think he represented the right direction for the BBC to take (the Televote bore me out) and I didn't want to be accused of homophobia. I'm a veteran having stuck around since 1992 and I'm pretty experienced with this competition, I'm in it for the glimpse into other country's music culture, the introduction to new artists and the creativity of the staging - I didn't think we were going to get that from Olly. I am fruitlessly praying for an entry in Welsh one day.
I don't want it to go back to just singing about being in-love or being proud of your country as it tended to be back in the day, so its a case-by-case basis. Manizha entertained me and I appreciated the elements of Russian and Slavic culture in the entry. I would settle for something closer to Sam Ryder in 2022 or Lucie Jones in 2017 and songs that just sound like where they come from.
HELL YEAH
Peace in Tajikistan was achieved through a mafia-like agreement. As simple as that.
What about the CIS droid armies?
lol
I have virtually no knowledge of Tajikistan, so thank you very much for covering this part of the world! I would love to hear more about central Asia in the future!
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
You should definitely make a video on independent Chechnya and the first Chechnyan war. It really fits well into the topic of the aftermath of the collapse of the soviet union, and there are virtually no high quality materials about this on TH-cam. I know you can fix that! :)
Kings and Generals have some good videoes on it
The collapse of the Soviet Union and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race.
uga buga doo
I can’t even fathom how useless a civil service staffed by warlords (and with minimal digitization, I imagine) would be.
I gotta disagree with your first statement in the intro, Tajikistan 🇹🇯 is not the most forgotten about Central Asian country, Kyrgyzstan 🇰🇬 is. Most people probably don't know how it's spelt. I know I struggle with spelling Kyrgyzstan 🇰🇬 sometimes.
I disagree here. Both Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan are unknown. People who know about central asia know about both countries otherwise both are pretty much unknown. Even much of Central asia is unknown in world
Tajikistan wins, Kyrgyzstan is remembered as forgotten, Tajik doesn't even reach that position.
Second comment + request
Can you guys do a video(or two)about how Ukraine SSR started, how it went through the terrible Holodomor, Nazi invasion in World War II, the transfer of Crimea to Ukraine from Russia, the Khrushchev Thaw+de-Stalinization until eventually independence in 1991?
Pretty please?
I remember reading Tajiks fleeing TO Afghanistan! Yikes, if Afghanistan is a better option...
And afterwards Afghani fled to all neighbouring countries. Most still don't want to go back due situation of Afghanistan
It was perhaps due to large tajik population native to afghanistan. Cousins living on the other side sort of thing.
Because we are one people, both sides were inhabited by tajiks
It's the choice between dying or living in a shitty country
Tajikistan is proof the right and left can work together long live Tajikistan 🇹🇯
Would be good to get an episode on the georgian civil war.
Bro nooooo clue this war happened a lot of pain out there....
This sounds like it would be a great Far Cry game.
interesting
The more I learn about the behavior of governments, the more convinced I am that ALL governments are the most dangerous enemies of the human species.
look at that swiss and icelandic government, so evil and dangerous am I right?
ok thanks david
tajikistan is so odd as a persian russian and chinese cultural mish mash
I recall during the Soviet occupation days, in Afghanistan the Soviet army reportedly deliberately not allocate Tajik or Kazakh soldiers to carry out very important guard duties, such as guarding tunnels or bridges, for fear of sabotages due to disloyalty. Foresight…
During the Soviet-Afghan War, Central Asians, especially Tajiks and Uzbeks, were specifically recruited into a Soviet special operations unit, the "Muslim Battalion," due to their language skills, cultural familiarity, and ability to blend in with the Afghan population. Many of these soldiers went on to form the core of the independent Central Asian republics' special forces after the collapse of the USSR.
Don't you mean Uzbeks instead of Kazakhs? The Kazakhs were the most Russified people of Soviet Central Asia.
@@Stamboul
In my experience there is no difference between southern Kazakhs and Uzbeks , I’ve lived in both countries and the local mentality is very similar if not identical
Other stans have taken the spotlight over the years.
During this time the Taliban were not officially involved, but some members joined this war. But not as much as the Afghan Tajik Islamists like Massoud. Famous foreigners like Arabs that fought in the Afghan Soviet war were also involved like the famous Khattab.
🇺🇸
1.8k likes! And I’m always thinking I’m the only weirdo with this kind of interests. 😂
The USSR was not set up to stay united, nor was it set up to disintegrate. In a way it was like an impossible state.
Ukraine was better off under Soviet rule, the only exception being Stalin.
I don't believe you. @@ricardoxorge5157
No, it was set up to stay united, but economic problems and Gorvy's shitty politics took it down.
@@ricardoxorge5157 TH-cam deleted my comment.
I don't believe you.
@agentepolaris4914 Andropov could have solved these issues or got the ball running but alas he died and that fucker took over because of Party rules. Also his cabinet and advisors all more or less said Dissolution of the USSR was what they wanted
Imagine being so lazy you can't even mustered a proper threat
If you could hire to Kulob…
Appreciate it
For every example of "diversity is a strength", there's 100+ examples (in real life) of how diversity is actually a weakness (as this video shows).
Its only a weakness if the people themselves see it as a weakness
@@Spiderfisch The problem with your statement is that it forgets that human beings are human beings. The people who really fail to live up to the ideal that you mention is the liberals themselves, who are, in reality, the most intolerant people of all. What's worse, those liberals try to hide their bigotry by embellishing only the most superficial (outward, skin-deep appearances) sort of diversity (but not true diversity of thought).
@@Spiderfisch Oh, like the liberals themselves, who try to hide their bigotry by embellishing only the most superficial (outward, skin-deep appearances) sort of diversity (but not true diversity of thought)? I'm Will
Diversity is a weakness when all ethnic groups or whatever difference they have are highly tribalist. Sadly most of the world is like this so it is definitely not a strength
@@ShubhamMishrabro "when all ethnic groups", when ALL ethnic groups? Actually, just one ethnic group behaving tribalisticaly is enough to ruin harmony, you don't need "all". Besides that, tribalism is the default setting. So, on balance, diversity is not a strength. Besides that, people who claim to love diversity never actually mean diversity of opinion, they mean much more superficial types of diversity (like, diversity of ethnic groups).
Imagine having a leader thay lazy and still win.
the end of the war
tajik govt: if we let ya'll ship drugs will you stop shooting us? we'll make you minister for transport and stuff like that too.
tajik warlords: its a deal.
😮
Tojik zindabod Huroson Zindabod Tojikoi kuli Porso jahon az Tojikiston azizi Dil bo kuli Porso jahon salom az Tojikiston
Точик тоже чут чут военый
Filiberto Mill
Rahmon Nabiyev
CIS intervention
PFT (Government loyalist)
Akbarsho Iskandarov
Emomali Rakhmonov
UTO: close ties with Mujahideens
Moscow agreement
Mahmud Khudoiberdiyev
БА ПЕШ moment
DAMN!!! NOT FIRST :(
Somewhat unrelated, but seeing Russian military vehicles in those areas suppressing civil unrest, you start to understand why they performing so poorly in Ukraine. They were built for that purpose, instead of a major near peer conflict. And because they were good enough for that, there was no reason keep up with the Western trends. Just look at the regimes that buying Russian equipment.
They are indeed built for near peer conflict, but they were built for their peers at the time. A lot of that Soviet equipment you see is from the 1970’s. It should be no great shock that 50 year old equipment does not perform well today. Tanks and helicopters built to deal with M48 Pattons simply don’t hold up to modern threats
@@panzermk8 thats just blatantly untrue, soviet equipement was for a peer to peer war, up until the end of the cold war. It was constaly upgarded with newer equipment being made.
What is happening in Ukraine right now is just bad use of the equipment, lack of maintness or just sheer incomptence.
Western equipments performance in ukraine hasnt been stellar either , if you look under the hood its the exact same situation as the soviets had, old desings that have been improved and updated over time
How would you even reach that conclusion? It make no sense you dont need top of the line equipment to supress protester, a T-80 and a T-55 do the same job for supressing civilians by your logic the russians would never develop anything better.
Even taking all of that into account how can you reach the conclusion that it is perfoming poorly in ukraine? both sides use very similar equipment that came from the ussr, when a soviet missile takes out a soviet tank is that it performing good or poorly?
@@bernardobiritikito be fair the west gave Ukraine the hand me downs, we didn’t send anything actually new most of that equipment is from 90s even the F16s are A/B models.
Unbelievable cope
Tajikistan Civil War, not "Tajik Civil War". Update the title.
The war was inside Tajikistan. Ethnic Tajiks live in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan too, but the Afghanistan Civil War was completely different.
Safe to say you learned nothing from this video nor a history book
@@Barricade379 Do tell. Tajikistan is Tajikistan. Afghanistan is Afghanistan. Two completely different civil wars.
I don't need a TH-cam video made in 2024 teaching me distorted facts about a war I've known about for years.
@@realtalk6195 If you don't need this video, then why watch and comment on it?
We should brace for the dissolution of the Russian Federation
I think not. It has its flaws but its a great country anyway.
@rtz-mv7ko We're not going to bail them out next time. It'll fall apart.
@@daviddelgado6090 who are "we" and when did you bail them out?
@@rtz-mv7ko Educate yourself before challenging reality. Look up who paid for Russia to get their nukes back, who pumped capital in to resuscitate the economy. We ain't doing it again.
@@daviddelgado6090first of all im better educated than you. Second "you" didn't pay nothing, big foreign companies took the opportunity to plunder the destroyed country that's all.
Algorithm
What's a Tajik?
A Persian speaking central Asian ethnic group that lives in Tajikistan but also in Afghanistan and Uzbekistan
Persian speaking Turks who don't like being called Turks lol
@@Alec.40 and where's all that? Is it in Europe?
@@johnfitzaffee5605 nope! Central Asia, bordered by China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan
@@dragonballgachawhere is China?
And do you know what will happen when the current dicta...Cof Cof.. President die? The same thing as 92-97
Well, I'm sure it was bad, but I put too much stuffing in the taco I'm currently eating.
We all have problems is what I'm saying
hahahaha
🇮🇷❤️🇹🇯
Do you even have a life?
most forgotton war ever
This reminds me a lot about what happened in the rest of the third world when the other European empires fell. Russian colonialism was just as incompetent.
Fact: Russian Ultranationalist Colonel Vladimir Kvachkov was serve there
And if you want to know more about Russian perspective of this Civil War, I suggest you watch 3 hours video of Russian TH-camr name "Туземный совет трудящихся" (No English subtitles)
Tajikistan was property of Uzbekistan till 1929 year..But Tashkent government will be gate this country under his control.🇺🇿
Lol, Mongolian, iskirt onangi sikay, uzkoglaz
Civil Wars were common in post soviet space, not because of inner instability but simply because Russia wanted it to happen.
🇷🇺🇩🇪🫡
Slava Ukraini
@@Biervampir92 "slava ukraini" can't save ukraine lol
@@DrLsuBoyMatt Ukraine is saving itself, no need
@@DrLsuBoyMatt Can't save kursk either lol
@@TheBucketSkill 5% of kursk
Sorry but this guy don't know anything about Tajik History. GBAO was declared autonomous a long time ago before the Tajik soviet republic was formed. And GBAO took wrong side because of conflict between Safarali Kenjaev and Mamadayoz Navjuvonov. Safarali starting to blame Navjuvonov in an extremely offensive manner to discriminate against the highlanders.
ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%B7