But the 1941 war was the one that defined the current border, the other conflicts were only minor modifications or ratifications of what was agreed in 1941. That is why in the history of both countries, 1941 is the most important.
Hi, author of the Tank Encyclopedia article about Peruvian tanks here. Really nice video and nicely covered. Also thanks for using my colorization in the thumbnail!
I never think I will see a video about my country in this channel. Everything was perfectly explained, my great grandfathers were precisely japanese inmigrants, their store was expropiated by the authorities but fortunately they were not deported. Thanks as always for the amazing content, hope you are enjoying your stay in Lima.
Peru still obeys U.S. and Germans were Deported,Japanese taken to U.S. Concentration Camps and Jews forbidden to enter Peru just like in the U.S.. The Official narrative sucks ,reality is way different through history worldwide exam: 9/11 & Kiev
i'm from Lima Perú hahahaha this video on this channel is a Surprise for me. My level of English is not perfect But Peru carried out the third operation with parachute troops in the world and the first on the American continent. 6:50 Great video!
the is a famous Congrat letter signed by Adolf Hitler in our Army museum for the first airborne operation in SouthAmerica, it was an special daring mission cause they use cargo parachutes not design for humans, 7 commandos took a whole Ecuatorian town falling from above, never seen before in LATAM ...
This is why I love this channel - interesting history that I hear no where else. Peru during WWII. I never thought such a subject would be so captivating. Thanks,
Obeyed US and Jews were forbidden to enter Peru just like in the USA,Japanese hand over to US Concentration Camps….this channel just continues with Official narratives that are way different than reality
Thanks a lot for covering this part of the Peruvian history, you're always welcomed to our country! Also you recorded in my favorite place in the world, the Royal Felipe Fortress (Btw be careful in Callao, don't go to Comas or Carabayllo and stay in Miraflores for your own safety)
Excellent video lecture on the subject! Very few in The United States know about Peru as being Allied. Thank so much producing another brilliant video lecture on near forgotten war.
As a half Belgian and half Peruvian im really happy to see this video to complement the rest of the history of my two countries. I would also like to add that there were actually peruvians who fought in WW2 wich very amazingly fought in the same unit the belgians were. I have knowledge of 6 peruvians who landed in normandy in august 1944 together with the belgians and then another one that was in a bomber squadron over italy and was captured by the germans(I know this last one because i read his book, he was the great uncle i think of one of my former clasmates) Again man, thanks a lot for the episode and keep up the good work, greetings from Lima!
It's rare for foreign history channels to touch Peruvian history, even more so while staying in Peru itself. Very well done sir, we Peruvians greatly appreciate your work. I hope you had your fill of our delicious food while not getting scammed or robbed (happens too often). Come back soon!
Great video, it is perfectly documented, I'm glad you talked about my country and about the war of 41 that definitely defined our borders with Ecuador and that is one of the most glorious pages of our military history. Thanks for the video.
Man that's so awesome that you go so far to show and teach us history. Ik kom uit belgie en woon zelf in Hamburg nu. Had geweldig geweest u in Hamburg te ontmoeten. Ik hoop dat het je goed gaat met het TH-cam kanaal. En nog veel reisplezier.
@@HistoryHustle, Moest je nog even in Zuid- Amerika blijven. Ken ik wel een paar goede contacten in Bolivia. Ik deed daar een uitwisseling. De chaco oorlog of eender andere met de buurlanden.
Interesting point of view. You cover many issues most peruvians don´t know about Peru-Ecuador war, in fact 1941 war is a part of history that is rarely cover in peruvian schools and if you ask most peruvians dont know about this events. Congratulations and greetings from Lima-Peru. Saludos!!!
Even though Peru didn’t send any troops, several Peruvians, moved by their convictions of freedom and democracy, traveled to Europe to fight alongside with the Allies.
A war inside the II war, that is not related to it. And even with paratroopers. This was new to me. Amazing history! Just a side note to contribute to the topic: There is a japanese settlement in my town, Ivoti, founded in 1966. From an abstract I found on Google: "This paper presents an ethnographic account of German and Japanese Brazilians in the municipality of Ivoti, located in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area, the southernmost part of Brazil. The aim of this paper is to show how the regional identity of Rio Grande do Sul, the socalled gaúcho identity, transcends the racial, ethnic and historical backgrounds of immigrant Obrigado, Stefan! ヽ(͡◕ ͜ʖ ͡◕)ﾉ 🍀 🇧🇷 groups. Gaúcho identity functions to create a cultural symbiotic space between German and Japanese Brazilians in the Ivoti municipality."
Thanks for sharing the vídeo ! The japanese comunity in Peru is the 2nd largest of South América, just behind Brasil. A interesting fact is that to this day the japanese peruvians suffers a lot from xenophobia, especialy after the public dislike of president Alberto Fujimori and his arrest after corruption crisis.
Hi! I’m a Military Historian from Peru. It’s actually fascinating to note why the government of Prado Ugarteche started deporting Japanese immigrants and Peruvians of Japanese ascent. The thing is, there was a lot of information circling around of Axis powers having vested interest in Peru, and rumors were spreading that the Axis were intending on turning Peru into an outright member or otherwise use it as a foothold into the American continent. We have to admit that there are some things that are at least fishy about Peruvian politics and military right before 1941. First, Peru had already had a Fascist president under Luis Sanchez Cerro, during the early 1930’s. And Peruvian politics were indeed veering into the militaristic nationalism in vogue in Europe at the time. There was good relations and great admiration for Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, and even Imperial Japan between 1933 and 1935. In fact, Peruvian Historian and aristocrat José de la Riva Agüero y Osma was in fact a total fan of Imperial Japan, he even lived in Japan and this caught the attention of the OSS, who targeted him for further investigation as a potential Japanese spy. There’s also the fact that, indeed, a lot of war material was in fact bought to the Axis powers. The tanks used by Peruvian Army units into Zarumilla were Panzer 38t, field guns were imported from Germany and were Krupp made, Civil Guard units used Japanese MG’s, Paratroopers were equipped with the MP-38’s, Peruvian Bombers were Italian Caproni, and the Standard Issue rifle was the Mauser Kar98k. A bunch of Axis equipment showing up in the Peruvian military was suspicious to say the least. Then there’s the diplomatic records, which two years ago were fully digitalized by the University of San Marcos, and they show a pretty interesting series of events. First, the Military adjunct to the Imperial Japnese Ambassy in Lima during the 1930’s was none other than Hideki Tojo. The establishment of Plane assambly lines in the North of Lima was directly supervised by the Caproni company. The same year the war ended, Eloy Ureta, the military commander that led the invasion force was taken in into the Union Revolucionaria, the Fascist Party, and launched a presidential campaign. At the same time, all of this was very evident to the Ecuadorian government, and so a huge amount of editorials and propaganda started circling internationally, accussing Peru of having joined forces with the Axis Powers, and even stating that Japanese officers had been captured by Ecuadorian troops during the campaign. This in an attempt to get the rest of America, and specifically the US, to intervene, or even outright declare war on Peru as well. This led to Prado Ugarteche’s government to go into damage control mode, and start taking steps to deport Japanese immigrants and descendants, confiscate Italiand and German property, and take a harder stance against the Axis even declaring war. All in an attempt to distance Peru from the Axis and prevent international backlash product of these allegations. Now, it is in fact very suspicious, given the huge amount of Axis interests in the country and the political tendencies of Peru which were much more sympathetic to fascism, but no concrete accusations could be made, and the government effectively deflected the allegations. At least enough to not have it come up at the time of the Treaty lr Rio de Janeiro.
Interesting. My grandfather spoke fluent Japanese in Peru as his childhood neighbor was Japanese. At the time of the war, his jap friend changed all his assets and properties to my grandfather’s name while he went to a rural province to hide. When the war was over my gp returned everything to his friend.
There is another story about how someone in the Japanese Peruvian embassy leaked the Pearl Harbor attack to a Peruvian official that contacted the US president about it and was not taken into account… Either in disbelief or wanting it to happen to finally take US into war against the isolationism prevalent in US
I struggle to comprehend how all the south American nations were at eachother's throats all the time. they were all Spanish colonists after all.... but were incapable of getting along
Its a large area so even under Spanish rule there were regional elites that administered distinct territories that didnt necessarily share interests and Brazil of course was Portuguese
As a Peruvian i already know about the use of this tanks and obviously the participation in the war, in this conflict of thr year 1941, even this is not taught on our schools. It ahould be, because it's part of our history, and it should never be forgotten. Btw i hope you taste some masterpieces of the Peruvian gastronomy on your stance on my Homeland 🇵🇪
Hello, I always love people talking about my beloved country of Peru! Something you could add as well, is that The Peruvian embassy in Japan warned the US about a possible attack on Pearl Habor before the attacked happened! I learned this on a museum (Fredericksburg, Texas) and was suprised.
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage video about non coverage war in South America content by other historical sources... because it had no relationship to WW2 events... even it occurred in 1941-1942 .it was Piru 🇵🇪 - Ecuador 🇪🇨 war .thank you for an excellent ( History Hustle) channel. It was an informative introduction, Sir Stefan 🙏thanks
That was an interesting and informative video. I was unaware of any fighting in South America in WW2 (a thought the fighting was nothing to do with the World War).
At 5:25 there are tanks in a black and white clip. Is this clip actually Peruvian troops, or is it simply archival footage from another army? Thank you
LTP 1 Vz 38 peruvian tanks ( actually, they are parts of a movie made after the war with Ecuador called "border alert" ( alerta en la frontera) on TH-cam)
Ik begrijp je commerciële doelstelling om je podcast in het Engels te doen. Ik vind het wel jammer dat het voor de Nederlandse jeugd minder toegankelijk is, omdat ik van mening ben dat het juist heel belangrijk is voor de jeugd.
A very good list of good information. As a peruvian historian with academic studies. I suggest to make a 2° part. You might eventually add this data: 1820 Guayaquil is liberated from Spain (only Guayaquil). Ecuador does not exist, yet 1821 Peru gets its independence from Spain (by this year Ecuador does not exist yet, not even has a name) Tumbes, Jaen and Maynas are part of Peru ( Maynas is a very huge jungle region). 1822 Guayaquil and Quito are annexed by Simon Bolivar to Gran Colombia. Ecuador does not exist, yet. From 1820 to 1830 they are ruled by a Bolivar's General. 1829 Peru and Gran Colombia had a war. Bolivar decide not to take over Tumbes , Jaen and Maynas. 1830 Die Simon Bolivar and La Gran Colombia is shattered in several countries 1830 Guayaquil and Quito finally exist as an independent nation using the new name as “Ecuador”. Chaos came afterward. From 1830 to 1860 the rivalry between Guayaquil and Quito created political instability and turmoil. In 1857 Ecuador tried to exchange a big portion of the Amazon Basin ( Maynas) + The Northern Coast Esmeraldas to Great Britain. It was the Icaza- Pritchett Contract. Ecuador "loved so much" the amazon, but wanted to exchange this for an international debts. Peru did not agree, saying that they were offering Peruvian land to UK. In 1860 finally Ecuador the country finally get a flag (as it is now) In 1864 Peru founded in Iquitos a shipyard (in the middle of the jungle) While Peru in 1821 already had a consolidated country with Lima as the capital + flag , Ecuador began as a real united republic with a flag since 1860. It is 40 years of difference By 1864 all the Jungle has been already owned ( by documents) and colonized by Peruvians. But then the nightmare came to Peru Since 1860 and during more than 100 years, Ecuador began to hold a growing enmity toward Peru, using the misconception that Peru took over their “amazon”. Peru arrived first to the Amazon. With the past of the time, this misconception turns into big hatred toward Peru. In 1941 Peru and Ecuador waged a war. After this both countries signed an agreement, but Ecuador never agreed with this -> Protocolo de Rio de Janeiro de 1942 In 1981 Ecuador attacked Peru using fake coordinates called as “Falsa Paquisha” conflict In 1995 Ecuador attacked Peru again. It is the Cenepa Conflict In 1998 Ecuador is forced to respect the agreement of 1942 by several neutral nations and finally the boundary between Peru and Ecuador is marked on the ground . Thanks for reading.
Much interesting history. I will cover more on Peruvian history in the future. Expect in several months. Thanks for taking the time to write this all down.
It would also be interesting if you made a video about Bolivia, which lost a lot of territory due to the war with Chile, Argentina and Brazil. Bedankt, Broer
Nice video, but you forget two key aspects of the context. Firstly it was that most deportations came from US pressure which may have included rumour spreading to cause the riots. This was primarily because of prior Peruvian actions. First being the acceptance of German economic support on the early 30's, the close cooperation with Mussolini's Italy during the 20's and the amount of German and Italian exports. For while somewhat akin to a French uniform, the army was equipped with primarily German weaponry, such as the Mauser K98 which is still on use for marches of highschool marching competitions (one of the biggest things here decades ago) and premilitary schools. The truth was that prior to Benavides' late government, Perú was getting really close to the to be Axis powers because of primarily ideological reasons. It's quite easy by taking a look at Sánchez Cerro (who fun fact, made his reputation in the military by succeeding in border skirmishes against the Ecuadorians but primarily Colombians. And with whom we almost went to war with Colombia before he was assassinated.) Then it's that Perú had other more isolate German communities dating from the century before. Which I heard it's rumoured contributed in the return of the deported and later military shift of the late 40's. As Perú would begin to go more German in equipment and uniform while choosing the German doctrine over the French one while before they coexisted. I actually still got my grandpa's pic on his German like uniform of the 60's. But here's when it gets weird. As in the 50's Perú began truly being an anti western country, specially it's military. And to see their goals of territorial recuperation fulfilled, it is said it used certain Germans amongst them to contact the Soviets. Which would end in Perú being of the first non aligned countries to trade with the USSR. Importing so heavily the newest of Soviet technology that they would in the 60's actively threathen Chile by positioning on the frontier with double the army size, let alone quality. It would actually be these tanks, airplanes and small arms (though the FAL was heavily imported, and by the late 80's it was the Galil the predominant operator weapon) which would face Ecuador, alongside luckily Belarusian resells of 92'. And eventually, these weapons will be the reason behind the victory. Truly an interesting shift that can be linked directly to this war. Also, you should talk about the germano-ecuadorian obsessed with the German but also American airborne who became the father of the Ecuadorian special forces brigade. It's quite the interesting story. Again, really enjoyable video man, it was good to see the other side to the common Peruvian narrative of "the american backstab".
Here in Peru in the 1930s, a fascist party called the Union Revolucionaria (UR) was formed. They were attached to the Italian style (more than the Nazis like in Chile) with black uniforms and roman salutes. Paradoxically, they were anti-Asian and fostered hatred towards the Japanese, which later unleashed looting and anti-Japanese xenophobia. Its leader was Luis A. Flores.
Please, could you show our flag on the thumbnail without the coat of arms? It should look like this: 🇵🇪. The coat of arms is only used by public institutions, there’s a misuse popularized both abroad and by Peruvians ourselves, sadly. Thanks in advance!
Funny fact. Ecuador complained to the League of Nations that Peru was allied with Germany. The reason, in 1941 Peru used the same Czech tanks used by Germany to invade Poland and France, and also used paratroopers when taking the port of Guayaquil. My father was in the Peruvian Infanteria de Marina in 1945, the equivalent to the US Marines, and the word was they were going to be send along with other south American troops to be part of the invasion of Japan. The atomic bomb put an end to those plans
Very good video, I agree with almost everything but I do not agree that at the initiative of Peru they deported Japanese to the USA. It was the North American authorities who systematically promoted actions throughout Latin America against the interests of the Axis powers; The Peruvian authorities colluded with confiscations, boycotts and deportations in the interest of the axis.
This was blew up again in 1981, Ecuadorean President Jaime Roldós sought international condemnation of Peru, and stood firm. As others have said, it blew up again in 1995, thankfully the last (it seems).
I touched upon this conflict at the former Fan Blog for Valérie Čižmárová, 'Bananas For Breakfast', recently re-launched as 'Hotlips On The Horse Tram', as it sort of linked in, via the theme of lesser-known circa WWII-vintage wars involving military aviation, with the short Hungarian-Slovak War of spring 1939, which took place around where Valérie Čižmárová was born - Michalovce. Furthermore, she had an association with the country through recording a song dedicated to fifteen mountaineers from Czechoslovakia who lost their lives in the Ancash Earthquake of 31st May 1970, entitled 'Huascarán'. Given Peru's notional Allied nation status it was ironic that much of their air force was Italian-equipped, as was Hungary's air force in the Hungarian-Slovak War and their tanks came from what would then have been the Reich Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia, too. Thanks for covering this, therefore, Stefan, filling in the historical background behind it. I see that another recent video of yours takes in matters Hungarian and I dare say that the Hungarians don't come out of that very well, which would have been difficult for Valérie Čižmárová as she was an ethnic Hungarian.
@@HistoryHustle You're welcome. By way of a correction it was actually at my other Blog, on the female Pop music of the satellite nations of the former Soviet Bloc, 'Girls Of The Golden East', before I'd thought of 'Bananas For Breakfast' in the spring of 2017.
Very little of Ecuador's pitifully small and ill-equipped army was ever engaged in 1941 - just one of six brigades with a few belated reinforcements. This was because there were no viable overland routes to the south of Ecuador and Peru controlled the sea. In the Amazon no Ecuadoran reinforcements managed to cross the Andes before the ceasefire. Only in the clashes after the ceasefire were the Ecuadorans able to register successes.
There might have been a discrepancy between German citizens and people of German origin or German-speaking (including Austrians and Swiss). There is apparently a town of German-speaking people from Austria in Peru. Do you know about them? I do not think that they were considered a threat as they were all Peruvian citizens and lived far away in the mountains.
Peru in WW2: 'Right, there simply isn't enough war to go around, let's start another one.' 'Bueno, nos hacen falta guerras. Mejor que tengamos una guerra mas.'
Given the Dutch penchant for gin, I'm shocked that you had never heard of quinine. It's what makes Tonic Water good for us. To make Tonic Water palatable we add gin. Thus, gin and tonic is a sensible precaution against malaria, not an excuse to have a drink in the middle of the day.
I suspect that the gin and tonic, with a twist of lime, will not keep you from contracting malaria, but you will not mind it as much. Also, the twist of lime might ward off scurvy.
Japan should have thought about Peru prior to WWII. It was one of the world's top 8 oil _exporters_ , though far below Venezuela which was the world's top exporter. Had Japan shifted purchases from US and DEI to Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela it would have reduced the leverage the two had. For example, in 1936 the three exported twenty-eight million tons to Britain; one ton of oil is about 7.33 barrels, so that's 205.25 million barrels. Peru alone accounted for about 15 million barrels. In today's context 15 million barrels sound like a drop in the bucket, but Japan's imports in 1936, its last year at 'peace', were less than 25 million barrels, and this was inflated due to a 1934 law requiring all importers to maintain a six-month stockpile. Japan 'at war' (fighting China and under war mobilisation) increased its imports. In 1939 it imported 18.843 million barrels of crude and 11.818 million barrels of refined products. In 1940 it was 22.050 m bbl crude and 15.110 m bbl refined. Mexico was another producer. In 1937 it exported 631k tons to Britain - 4.625 million barrels. British-Mexican relations soured in '38 when Mexico expropriated the oil industry causing a trade dispute; Mexico was keen to develop new export markets, especially those that had their own oil tankers, which Japan had.
Ecuadorians alleged that Peru was assisted by Japanese Forces so they got the machiavelic intention to transform that particular war in a subsidiary conflict of the WWII, they were diplomatically supported by the UK, while Peru, by the US, in that time (July 41) Churchill wanted so bad the US join the war, if Britain considered Peru as a part of the Axis, the US will defend them because both of these countries got interests in Amazon Jungle and the Oil that was discovered there, so Ecuadorian allegations just became some fun facts.
I hope Peru and or Ecuador get focus trees in HOI4 cuz iv this So far they seem to only be covering countries that had nothing happen and Brazil, which still look had nothing happen at home and no territorial ambitions
During the War of 41 there was a naval battle between 1 Peruvian & 1 Ecuadorian ship outside of the strategic port city of Guayaquil. While the battle technically ended In a stalemate, it still should have been mentioned given how much worse of a lost the war could have for Ecuador if it had been cut off from its main sea port; demoralizing.
During the war, President Prado, despite his support for the allies, maintained the prohibition that the dictator Benavides had ordered, not accepting Jews in the Peruvian consulates, something that Chancellor Solf y Muro, son of a German, fully complied with.
Watched enough old WW2 films I’ve heard of that malaria medicine pronounced differently and I’m not about to attempt to spell it. Always wondered what it was.
The US Forces used Atabrine tablets, since the delivery of quinine (much of it came form the Dutch East-Indies, which would soon fall under Japanese occupation) could not be guaranteed.
En ecuador siempre se enseña que los peruanos fueron los malos. Como peruano opino que España nunca delimito las fronteras de sus virreinatos y por eso ocurrio las guerras.
I'm happy to see someone covering the Guerra del 41. I made a solo wargame based on this conflict. Fascinating bit of history. Why did you leave out Ecuador's aggression prior to Peru's invasion?
![ILLSLICK - THE KING'S LANDING [Freestyle]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/feIJJnNkTfk/mqdefault.jpg)
Suriname during World War II
th-cam.com/video/mxHuuiewMgI/w-d-xo.html
Colombia during World War II
th-cam.com/video/L0LyKqLqxwQ/w-d-xo.html
✅ 👍
They fought more times, last was in 1995. I trained soldiers from both sides in 2011 to clear mines on the border from the war at Cenepa.
Thanks for sharing.
But the 1941 war was the one that defined the current border, the other conflicts were only minor modifications or ratifications of what was agreed in 1941. That is why in the history of both countries, 1941 is the most important.
As a Japanese American, I appreciate you sharing this page of history. Thank Professor Stephan
Thanks Jack!
Hi, author of the Tank Encyclopedia article about Peruvian tanks here. Really nice video and nicely covered. Also thanks for using my colorization in the thumbnail!
Many thanks 👍
I never think I will see a video about my country in this channel. Everything was perfectly explained, my great grandfathers were precisely japanese inmigrants, their store was expropiated by the authorities but fortunately they were not deported. Thanks as always for the amazing content, hope you are enjoying your stay in Lima.
Had a great stay. Thanks for your reply. More content will come in the future.
Peru still obeys U.S. and Germans were Deported,Japanese taken to U.S. Concentration Camps and Jews forbidden to enter Peru just like in the U.S..
The Official narrative sucks ,reality is way different through history worldwide exam: 9/11 & Kiev
It’s : I never thought….
@@monterorama English is not the OP's first language... 😉
OMG you made it to Peru!! And 0:43 That is Callao(the city adjacent to Lima) and the fortress you were standing on is named Real Felipe.
Yes, was a very interesting place to visit!
i'm from Lima Perú hahahaha this video on this channel is a Surprise for me. My level of English is not perfect But Peru carried out the third operation with parachute troops in the world and the first on the American continent. 6:50 Great video!
Thanks for your reply!
If your English isn't perfect ( as you say ) it nearly is.
the is a famous Congrat letter signed by Adolf Hitler in our Army museum for the first airborne operation in SouthAmerica, it was an special daring mission cause they use cargo parachutes not design for humans, 7 commandos took a whole Ecuatorian town falling from above, never seen before in LATAM ...
Sube un video sobre finlandia a tu canal
@@robertovergara914 that is false and was made by Ecuador in order that USA help them
This is why I love this channel - interesting history that I hear no where else. Peru during WWII. I never thought such a subject would be so captivating. Thanks,
😎👍
I have never thought about Peru in ww2, thank you for this subject!
Cheers Jesse!!
Obeyed US and Jews were forbidden to enter Peru just like in the USA,Japanese hand over to US Concentration Camps….this channel just continues with Official narratives that are way different than reality
Thanks a lot for covering this part of the Peruvian history, you're always welcomed to our country! Also you recorded in my favorite place in the world, the Royal Felipe Fortress
(Btw be careful in Callao, don't go to Comas or Carabayllo and stay in Miraflores for your own safety)
Many thanks for your reply. I had a great time in Peru!
Excellent video lecture on the subject! Very few in The United States know about Peru as being Allied. Thank so much producing another brilliant video lecture on near forgotten war.
Thanks Fred!
Thank you Stefan for sharing your deep knowledge with us !!! Have a fantastic weekend friend ✌🏻🫶🏻
Many thanks my friend. Best wishes from Asunción.
I would not have thought to see you cover Peru in Ww2, but good video anyways. Enjoy your stay there!
Many thanks!
Thanks Stef for another fascinating piece informing us of wars that are never talked about
🇵🇪👍
As a half Belgian and half Peruvian im really happy to see this video to complement the rest of the history of my two countries. I would also like to add that there were actually peruvians who fought in WW2 wich very amazingly fought in the same unit the belgians were. I have knowledge of 6 peruvians who landed in normandy in august 1944 together with the belgians and then another one that was in a bomber squadron over italy and was captured by the germans(I know this last one because i read his book, he was the great uncle i think of one of my former clasmates)
Again man, thanks a lot for the episode and keep up the good work, greetings from Lima!
Thanks for your reply!
Your students are extremely blessed to have you as their teacher 😊
😁
It's rare for foreign history channels to touch Peruvian history, even more so while staying in Peru itself. Very well done sir, we Peruvians greatly appreciate your work. I hope you had your fill of our delicious food while not getting scammed or robbed (happens too often). Come back soon!
Many thanks. I had a great visit 🇵🇪👍
Wow that was an excellent presentation. Thank you.
Thanks for watching.
Great video, it is perfectly documented, I'm glad you talked about my country and about the war of 41 that definitely defined our borders with Ecuador and that is one of the most glorious pages of our military history. Thanks for the video.
Glad you liked it. Thanks for watching and replying!
Thank you again.
🇵🇪👍
Thank you for another wonderful video Mr. History teacher. Love your channel. Keep them coming
Many thanks.
Fantastic knowledge Stefan! Very interesting... especially, that we are moving to Peru for retirement soon 😊
Great country 🇵🇪👍
Thanks!
As always many thanks for your generous support Jesse. Have a great weekend.
I had a Peruvian coworker who was kicked out of Ecuador. This guy lived all over the world. Miss your stories Carlos.
Thanks for sharing.
Quinine is the "tonic" in tonic water. You can check if your tonic water has quinine in it as it glows in ultraviolet light.
👍
Thanks 🙏🏼... Always enjoy your content 💯...
Thanks Tommy!
Man that's so awesome that you go so far to show and teach us history.
Ik kom uit belgie en woon zelf in Hamburg nu. Had geweldig geweest u in Hamburg te ontmoeten. Ik hoop dat het je goed gaat met het TH-cam kanaal. En nog veel reisplezier.
Dank! Ik was in Hamburg in herfst 2022.
@@HistoryHustle, Moest je nog even in Zuid- Amerika blijven. Ken ik wel een paar goede contacten in Bolivia. Ik deed daar een uitwisseling. De chaco oorlog of eender andere met de buurlanden.
Tof. Ik reis er volgende week zaterdag heen. Ik ga naar Santa Cruz en wil vanuit daar naar de Chaco reizen. Vanaf Asunción is dat lastig.
I have neve heard of these events before. Thanks for sharing!
👍👍👍
Heel interessant stukje vergeten geschiedenis, tnx
Awesome topic and delivery
Thanks for watching.
Thank you!
Thanks for watching.
Como suscriptor que vive en Perú, espero que su historia y su belleza le haya gustado 👍
Interesting point of view. You cover many issues most peruvians don´t know about Peru-Ecuador war, in fact 1941 war is a part of history that is rarely cover in peruvian schools and if you ask most peruvians dont know about this events. Congratulations and greetings from Lima-Peru. Saludos!!!
🇵🇪👍
Whattttt?????
Untrue!
Most Peruvians know about the war in 1941. Unless you went to very poor school
Even though Peru didn’t send any troops, several Peruvians, moved by their convictions of freedom and democracy, traveled to Europe to fight alongside with the Allies.
Thanks for sharing.
Some countries asked for volunteers is my belief. Some were already over there also.
A war inside the II war, that is not related to it. And even with paratroopers. This was new to me. Amazing history!
Just a side note to contribute to the topic:
There is a japanese settlement in my town, Ivoti, founded in 1966.
From an abstract I found on Google:
"This paper presents an ethnographic account of German and Japanese Brazilians in the
municipality of Ivoti, located in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area, the southernmost part of
Brazil. The aim of this paper is to show how the regional identity of Rio Grande do Sul, the socalled gaúcho identity, transcends the racial, ethnic and historical backgrounds of immigrant
Obrigado, Stefan! ヽ(͡◕ ͜ʖ ͡◕)ﾉ 🍀 🇧🇷
groups. Gaúcho identity functions to create a cultural symbiotic space between German and
Japanese Brazilians in the Ivoti municipality."
Many thanks for sharing and many thanks for your support! I think I will visit Brazil somewhere in May / June. Cheers from Asunción!
excelente video. Many details were well explained
Many thanks for your reply.
Thanks for sharing the vídeo !
The japanese comunity in Peru is the 2nd largest of South América, just behind Brasil.
A interesting fact is that to this day the japanese peruvians suffers a lot from xenophobia, especialy after the public dislike of president Alberto Fujimori and his arrest after corruption crisis.
Thanks for sharing this.
False
Japanese Peruvian are considered very Peruvian by now.
You are extremely wrong, Japanese in Peru are very lovely people, there aren’t any differences with the rest of population
Good video man!!
Thanks.
Thank you for sharing. I never heard about Peruvian Nazi Party. Could you tell us about this in other documentary? Thank you so much.
Thanks for your reply. Won't adress the topic again anytime soon.
Great lecture, Professor.
👍👍👍
Hi! I’m a Military Historian from Peru. It’s actually fascinating to note why the government of Prado Ugarteche started deporting Japanese immigrants and Peruvians of Japanese ascent.
The thing is, there was a lot of information circling around of Axis powers having vested interest in Peru, and rumors were spreading that the Axis were intending on turning Peru into an outright member or otherwise use it as a foothold into the American continent.
We have to admit that there are some things that are at least fishy about Peruvian politics and military right before 1941.
First, Peru had already had a Fascist president under Luis Sanchez Cerro, during the early 1930’s. And Peruvian politics were indeed veering into the militaristic nationalism in vogue in Europe at the time. There was good relations and great admiration for Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, and even Imperial Japan between 1933 and 1935. In fact, Peruvian Historian and aristocrat José de la Riva Agüero y Osma was in fact a total fan of Imperial Japan, he even lived in Japan and this caught the attention of the OSS, who targeted him for further investigation as a potential Japanese spy.
There’s also the fact that, indeed, a lot of war material was in fact bought to the Axis powers. The tanks used by Peruvian Army units into Zarumilla were Panzer 38t, field guns were imported from Germany and were Krupp made, Civil Guard units used Japanese MG’s, Paratroopers were equipped with the MP-38’s, Peruvian Bombers were Italian Caproni, and the Standard Issue rifle was the Mauser Kar98k. A bunch of Axis equipment showing up in the Peruvian military was suspicious to say the least.
Then there’s the diplomatic records, which two years ago were fully digitalized by the University of San Marcos, and they show a pretty interesting series of events. First, the Military adjunct to the Imperial Japnese Ambassy in Lima during the 1930’s was none other than Hideki Tojo. The establishment of Plane assambly lines in the North of Lima was directly supervised by the Caproni company. The same year the war ended, Eloy Ureta, the military commander that led the invasion force was taken in into the Union Revolucionaria, the Fascist Party, and launched a presidential campaign.
At the same time, all of this was very evident to the Ecuadorian government, and so a huge amount of editorials and propaganda started circling internationally, accussing Peru of having joined forces with the Axis Powers, and even stating that Japanese officers had been captured by Ecuadorian troops during the campaign. This in an attempt to get the rest of America, and specifically the US, to intervene, or even outright declare war on Peru as well.
This led to Prado Ugarteche’s government to go into damage control mode, and start taking steps to deport Japanese immigrants and descendants, confiscate Italiand and German property, and take a harder stance against the Axis even declaring war. All in an attempt to distance Peru from the Axis and prevent international backlash product of these allegations.
Now, it is in fact very suspicious, given the huge amount of Axis interests in the country and the political tendencies of Peru which were much more sympathetic to fascism, but no concrete accusations could be made, and the government effectively deflected the allegations. At least enough to not have it come up at the time of the Treaty lr Rio de Janeiro.
Hi Lucas, many thanks for taking the time to share your insights with us. Much appreciated 👍
Interesting.
My grandfather spoke fluent Japanese in Peru as his childhood neighbor was Japanese. At the time of the war, his jap friend changed all his assets and properties to my grandfather’s name while he went to a rural province to hide.
When the war was over my gp returned everything to his friend.
There is another story about how someone in the Japanese Peruvian embassy leaked the Pearl Harbor attack to a Peruvian official that contacted the US president about it and was not taken into account… Either in disbelief or wanting it to happen to finally take US into war against the isolationism prevalent in US
I struggle to comprehend how all the south American nations were at eachother's throats all the time. they were all Spanish colonists after all.... but were incapable of getting along
Pre WWI people really liked war. Glory and country and all that sh,t
Its a large area so even under Spanish rule there were regional elites that administered distinct territories that didnt necessarily share interests and Brazil of course was Portuguese
Luckily they are at peace now.
As a Peruvian i already know about the use of this tanks and obviously the participation in the war, in this conflict of thr year 1941, even this is not taught on our schools. It ahould be, because it's part of our history, and it should never be forgotten. Btw i hope you taste some masterpieces of the Peruvian gastronomy on your stance on my Homeland 🇵🇪
Thanks for your reply. I had a great time in Peru.
Hello, I always love people talking about my beloved country of Peru! Something you could add as well, is that The Peruvian embassy in Japan warned the US about a possible attack on Pearl Habor before the attacked happened! I learned this on a museum (Fredericksburg, Texas) and was suprised.
Thanks for sharing.
My father told me that story…
Interesting video. A good time of the year for the Dutch to visit Peru.
Had a great time.
What are the light tanks that are featured several times in the video?
Not an expert. Anyone?
@@HistoryHustle The tank Peru use in the war was the Czechoslovakian made Lt. Vz. 38t light tank. They bought 18 of them before the war.
Interesting about the Japanese community in Peru. Didn’t know anything about them 👌
There are transcripts of the Peruvian orders and radios in the Peruvian nationa library, pretty dope books
🇵🇪👍
It was an informative and wonderful historical coverage video about non coverage war in South America content by other historical sources... because it had no relationship to WW2 events... even it occurred in 1941-1942 .it was Piru 🇵🇪 - Ecuador 🇪🇨 war .thank you for an excellent ( History Hustle) channel. It was an informative introduction, Sir Stefan 🙏thanks
You're welcome! Have a good weekend.
That was an interesting and informative video. I was unaware of any fighting in South America in WW2 (a thought the fighting was nothing to do with the World War).
Thanks for responding Simon.
thanks bro
Thanks Carl!
You One Awesome Cat..
My MAN
😼👍
At 5:25 there are tanks in a black and white clip. Is this clip actually Peruvian troops, or is it simply archival footage from another army? Thank you
LTP 1 Vz 38 peruvian tanks ( actually, they are parts of a movie made after the war with Ecuador called "border alert" ( alerta en la frontera) on TH-cam)
Thanks for replying.
Very good. Thanks. BZ
They had to have declared war on the axis, it was a prerquisite of being a signatory at the San Francisco Conference in 1045.
Thanks for sharing this.
Ik begrijp je commerciële doelstelling om je podcast in het Engels te doen. Ik vind het wel jammer dat het voor de Nederlandse jeugd minder toegankelijk is, omdat ik van mening ben dat het juist heel belangrijk is voor de jeugd.
Zie mijn Nederlandse kanaal: History Hustle Nederlands.
There was a peruvian soldier on D Day I think. I remember reading some article about it in the past.
Believe so too yes.
Six
A very good list of good information. As a peruvian historian with academic studies. I suggest to make a 2° part. You might eventually add this data:
1820 Guayaquil is liberated from Spain (only Guayaquil). Ecuador does not exist, yet
1821 Peru gets its independence from Spain (by this year Ecuador does not exist yet, not even has a name) Tumbes, Jaen and Maynas are part of Peru ( Maynas is a very huge jungle region).
1822 Guayaquil and Quito are annexed by Simon Bolivar to Gran Colombia. Ecuador does not exist, yet. From 1820 to 1830 they are ruled by a Bolivar's General.
1829 Peru and Gran Colombia had a war. Bolivar decide not to take over Tumbes , Jaen and Maynas.
1830 Die Simon Bolivar and La Gran Colombia is shattered in several countries
1830 Guayaquil and Quito finally exist as an independent nation using the new name as “Ecuador”. Chaos came afterward. From 1830 to 1860 the rivalry between Guayaquil and Quito created political instability and turmoil.
In 1857 Ecuador tried to exchange a big portion of the Amazon Basin ( Maynas) + The Northern Coast Esmeraldas to Great Britain. It was the Icaza- Pritchett Contract. Ecuador "loved so much" the amazon, but wanted to exchange this for an international debts. Peru did not agree, saying that they were offering Peruvian land to UK.
In 1860 finally Ecuador the country finally get a flag (as it is now)
In 1864 Peru founded in Iquitos a shipyard (in the middle of the jungle)
While Peru in 1821 already had a consolidated country with Lima as the capital + flag , Ecuador began as a real united republic with a flag since 1860. It is 40 years of difference
By 1864 all the Jungle has been already owned ( by documents) and colonized by Peruvians. But then the nightmare came to Peru
Since 1860 and during more than 100 years, Ecuador began to hold a growing enmity toward Peru, using the misconception that Peru took over their “amazon”. Peru arrived first to the Amazon.
With the past of the time, this misconception turns into big hatred toward Peru.
In 1941 Peru and Ecuador waged a war. After this both countries signed an agreement, but Ecuador never agreed with this -> Protocolo de Rio de Janeiro de 1942
In 1981 Ecuador attacked Peru using fake coordinates called as “Falsa Paquisha” conflict
In 1995 Ecuador attacked Peru again. It is the Cenepa Conflict
In 1998 Ecuador is forced to respect the agreement of 1942 by several neutral nations and finally the boundary between Peru and Ecuador is marked on the ground . Thanks for reading.
Much interesting history. I will cover more on Peruvian history in the future. Expect in several months. Thanks for taking the time to write this all down.
It would also be interesting if you made a video about Bolivia, which lost a lot of territory due to the war with Chile, Argentina and Brazil. Bedankt, Broer
I will travel to Bolivia this Saturday 🇧🇴
@@HistoryHustle that's great, I hope your journey goes smoothly and without any significant obstacles
Excellent
👍
Congratulations---
🇵🇪👍
Nice video, but you forget two key aspects of the context.
Firstly it was that most deportations came from US pressure which may have included rumour spreading to cause the riots.
This was primarily because of prior Peruvian actions.
First being the acceptance of German economic support on the early 30's, the close cooperation with Mussolini's Italy during the 20's and the amount of German and Italian exports.
For while somewhat akin to a French uniform, the army was equipped with primarily German weaponry, such as the Mauser K98 which is still on use for marches of highschool marching competitions (one of the biggest things here decades ago) and premilitary schools.
The truth was that prior to Benavides' late government, Perú was getting really close to the to be Axis powers because of primarily ideological reasons.
It's quite easy by taking a look at Sánchez Cerro (who fun fact, made his reputation in the military by succeeding in border skirmishes against the Ecuadorians but primarily Colombians. And with whom we almost went to war with Colombia before he was assassinated.)
Then it's that Perú had other more isolate German communities dating from the century before. Which I heard it's rumoured contributed in the return of the deported and later military shift of the late 40's.
As Perú would begin to go more German in equipment and uniform while choosing the German doctrine over the French one while before they coexisted.
I actually still got my grandpa's pic on his German like uniform of the 60's.
But here's when it gets weird. As in the 50's Perú began truly being an anti western country, specially it's military. And to see their goals of territorial recuperation fulfilled, it is said it used certain Germans amongst them to contact the Soviets.
Which would end in Perú being of the first non aligned countries to trade with the USSR. Importing so heavily the newest of Soviet technology that they would in the 60's actively threathen Chile by positioning on the frontier with double the army size, let alone quality.
It would actually be these tanks, airplanes and small arms (though the FAL was heavily imported, and by the late 80's it was the Galil the predominant operator weapon) which would face Ecuador, alongside luckily Belarusian resells of 92'. And eventually, these weapons will be the reason behind the victory.
Truly an interesting shift that can be linked directly to this war.
Also, you should talk about the germano-ecuadorian obsessed with the German but also American airborne who became the father of the Ecuadorian special forces brigade. It's quite the interesting story.
Again, really enjoyable video man, it was good to see the other side to the common Peruvian narrative of "the american backstab".
Here in Peru in the 1930s, a fascist party called the Union Revolucionaria (UR) was formed. They were attached to the Italian style (more than the Nazis like in Chile) with black uniforms and roman salutes. Paradoxically, they were anti-Asian and fostered hatred towards the Japanese, which later unleashed looting and anti-Japanese xenophobia. Its leader was Luis A. Flores.
Love it!💪
🙏
Nice! 🙏
🙏
Please think of leaving the maps up longer and maybe more maps to orient people who are less familire with the area
👍
Please, could you show our flag on the thumbnail without the coat of arms? It should look like this: 🇵🇪. The coat of arms is only used by public institutions, there’s a misuse popularized both abroad and by Peruvians ourselves, sadly. Thanks in advance!
Why change? During WW2 this was the flag.
Webadas comentas, la bandera está bien asi
Funny fact. Ecuador complained to the League of Nations that Peru was allied with Germany. The reason, in 1941 Peru used the same Czech tanks used by Germany to invade Poland and France, and also used paratroopers when taking the port of Guayaquil. My father was in the Peruvian Infanteria de Marina in 1945, the equivalent to the US Marines, and the word was they were going to be send along with other south American troops to be part of the invasion of Japan. The atomic bomb put an end to those plans
Thanks for sharing this.
Very good video, I agree with almost everything but I do not agree that at the initiative of Peru they deported Japanese to the USA. It was the North American authorities who systematically promoted actions throughout Latin America against the interests of the Axis powers; The Peruvian authorities colluded with confiscations, boycotts and deportations in the interest of the axis.
Under pressure of the US the Japanese were deported.
Under pressure of the US the Japanese were deported.
This was blew up again in 1981, Ecuadorean President Jaime Roldós sought international condemnation of Peru, and stood firm. As others have said, it blew up again in 1995, thankfully the last (it seems).
""I am "totally"....taken aback...by this " development".. "Instructor"....if "anyone"would know..."you" would"..."nice job"!!
🫡
I touched upon this conflict at the former Fan Blog for Valérie Čižmárová, 'Bananas For Breakfast', recently re-launched as 'Hotlips On The Horse Tram', as it sort of linked in, via the theme of lesser-known circa WWII-vintage wars involving military aviation, with the short Hungarian-Slovak War of spring 1939, which took place around where Valérie Čižmárová was born - Michalovce. Furthermore, she had an association with the country through recording a song dedicated to fifteen mountaineers from Czechoslovakia who lost their lives in the Ancash Earthquake of 31st May 1970, entitled 'Huascarán'. Given Peru's notional Allied nation status it was ironic that much of their air force was Italian-equipped, as was Hungary's air force in the Hungarian-Slovak War and their tanks came from what would then have been the Reich Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia, too. Thanks for covering this, therefore, Stefan, filling in the historical background behind it. I see that another recent video of yours takes in matters Hungarian and I dare say that the Hungarians don't come out of that very well, which would have been difficult for Valérie Čižmárová as she was an ethnic Hungarian.
Thanks for sharing.
@@HistoryHustle You're welcome. By way of a correction it was actually at my other Blog, on the female Pop music of the satellite nations of the former Soviet Bloc, 'Girls Of The Golden East', before I'd thought of 'Bananas For Breakfast' in the spring of 2017.
Very little of Ecuador's pitifully small and ill-equipped army was ever engaged in 1941 - just one of six brigades with a few belated reinforcements. This was because there were no viable overland routes to the south of Ecuador and Peru controlled the sea. In the Amazon no Ecuadoran reinforcements managed to cross the Andes before the ceasefire. Only in the clashes after the ceasefire were the Ecuadorans able to register successes.
Thanks for sharing your insights.
There might have been a discrepancy between German citizens and people of German origin or German-speaking (including Austrians and Swiss). There is apparently a town of German-speaking people from Austria in Peru. Do you know about them? I do not think that they were considered a threat as they were all Peruvian citizens and lived far away in the mountains.
I have heard of it yes.
Peru in WW2: 'Right, there simply isn't enough war to go around, let's start another one.' 'Bueno, nos hacen falta guerras. Mejor que tengamos una guerra mas.'
Given the Dutch penchant for gin, I'm shocked that you had never heard of quinine. It's what makes Tonic Water good for us. To make Tonic Water palatable we add gin. Thus, gin and tonic is a sensible precaution against malaria, not an excuse to have a drink in the middle of the day.
👍
I suspect that the gin and tonic, with a twist of lime, will not keep you from contracting malaria, but you will not mind it as much. Also, the twist of lime might ward off scurvy.
Interesting that there was anti-Japanese hysteria in Peru, considering that the Japanese were well integrated in Peru.
Sad historia yes. Thanks for watching.
well they even recently had a japanese peruvian president, mind you he was a very dodgy character.
Nice docu but as a peruvian, I never heard about the Peruvian Nazi Party. Why you didn´t tell us about this in your documentary?
Because what I read only mentioned it and not much more info was given. Thanks for watching.
This was interesting
Thanks for watching 👍
Next week my video on Chile during WW2 will be out.
Estafos unidos siempre apretando a quienes no se alinean con sus deseos y así fue con Perú.
Ok..
One of those Japanese Peruvians was future Peruvian President Alberto Fujimori!
Thanks for sharing.
Have you done the Chaco War?...I like the more obscure history.
The Real Felipe Fort is actually in Callao, a constitutional province apart from Lima.
Ok👍
Japan should have thought about Peru prior to WWII. It was one of the world's top 8 oil _exporters_ , though far below Venezuela which was the world's top exporter. Had Japan shifted purchases from US and DEI to Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela it would have reduced the leverage the two had. For example, in 1936 the three exported twenty-eight million tons to Britain; one ton of oil is about 7.33 barrels, so that's 205.25 million barrels. Peru alone accounted for about 15 million barrels. In today's context 15 million barrels sound like a drop in the bucket, but Japan's imports in 1936, its last year at 'peace', were less than 25 million barrels, and this was inflated due to a 1934 law requiring all importers to maintain a six-month stockpile. Japan 'at war' (fighting China and under war mobilisation) increased its imports. In 1939 it imported 18.843 million barrels of crude and 11.818 million barrels of refined products. In 1940 it was 22.050 m bbl crude and 15.110 m bbl refined. Mexico was another producer. In 1937 it exported 631k tons to Britain - 4.625 million barrels. British-Mexican relations soured in '38 when Mexico expropriated the oil industry causing a trade dispute; Mexico was keen to develop new export markets, especially those that had their own oil tankers, which Japan had.
Thanks for sharing your insights.
Ecuadorians alleged that Peru was assisted by Japanese Forces so they got the machiavelic intention to transform that particular war in a subsidiary conflict of the WWII, they were diplomatically supported by the UK, while Peru, by the US, in that time (July 41) Churchill wanted so bad the US join the war, if Britain considered Peru as a part of the Axis, the US will defend them because both of these countries got interests in Amazon Jungle and the Oil that was discovered there, so Ecuadorian allegations just became some fun facts.
Interesting to read.
Also you might show iff more of that fort and its cannon
In another video perhaps.
I hope Peru and or Ecuador get focus trees in HOI4 cuz iv this
So far they seem to only be covering countries that had nothing happen and Brazil, which still look had nothing happen at home and no territorial ambitions
Focus trees?
@@HistoryHustle hearts of iron 4 is going to release an expansion pack focused on South America soon
👍
During the War of 41 there was a naval battle between 1 Peruvian & 1 Ecuadorian ship outside of the strategic port city of Guayaquil. While the battle technically ended In a stalemate, it still should have been mentioned given how much worse of a lost the war could have for Ecuador if it had been cut off from its main sea port; demoralizing.
Thanks for sharing.
And they had czech tanks. Brand new LT vz 38. Ecuador didn't stand a chance.
Indeed.
During the war, President Prado, despite his support for the allies, maintained the prohibition that the dictator Benavides had ordered, not accepting Jews in the Peruvian consulates, something that Chancellor Solf y Muro, son of a German, fully complied with.
Watched enough old WW2 films I’ve heard of that malaria medicine pronounced differently and I’m not about to attempt to spell it. Always wondered what it was.
Thanks for pointing out👍
The quinine is where the drink gin and bitters comes from
The US Forces used Atabrine tablets, since the delivery of quinine (much of it came form the Dutch East-Indies, which would soon fall under Japanese occupation) could not be guaranteed.
WOW!
🇵🇪👍
I love that FDR essentially told them both to knock off their nonsense, the rest of the world was fighting a real war.
For every conflict you heard about they are some you don't
👍
Hail Sánchez Cerro! Hail Victory!
Please explain.
@@HistoryHustle Sanchez Cerro was a president with a fascist tendency that we had in Peru between 1931 and 1933.
What a nice surprise!
🇵🇪👍
You know i believe I recall something about this in history but due to WWII lots of things got overshadowed
I understand.
Kind of like a Golden Gloves bout at the same time as the Clay-Liston match-up.
Please explain.
@@HistoryHustle WWII was the main card.
En ecuador siempre se enseña que los peruanos fueron los malos. Como peruano opino que España nunca delimito las fronteras de sus virreinatos y por eso ocurrio las guerras.
It sure played a part.
Viva La Unión Revolucionaria !!!!!!!!!!
Ok.
I'm happy to see someone covering the Guerra del 41. I made a solo wargame based on this conflict. Fascinating bit of history.
Why did you leave out Ecuador's aggression prior to Peru's invasion?
Please explain.