What a fantastic lady. She suffered from disease and saw how awful it was so she became absolutely determined to do something about it so no one else would have to suffer. Her efforts and ingenuity gave birth to a cure that has saved millions. She is one of humanity's finest.
There’s a phrase/saying in Chinese, it goes “死si 馬ma 當dang 活huo 馬ma 醫 yi” The literal translation is “dead horse becomes the live horse’s doctor” Because the dead horse has a first hand experience of the illness so it will know how to defend against it. In real life application is the same, if you have a certain illness that has troubled you for some years and you’ve been treated and is taking care of yourself. YOU yourself has a lot more knowledge than those who just received the illness.
As someone who lived in Nigeria, got malaria, and cured it with hydroxychloroquine (which has become far less useful now), this is a very GOOD finding. HOWEVER, just like HYCHLOR, it will eventually be rendered ineffectual due to mutations of and evolution of the plasmodium parasite. I am looking hopeful for the malaria VACCINE! If the parasite can be stopped from reproducing, then it will eventually die out, become extinct. So vaccine and methods of stopping transmission (sterile mosquitoes) and this scourge can eventually be eliminated. It has been estimated that of ALL the people who have ever lived, HALF of them died from malaria. We in the western "developed" world have no idea what this disease is really like. Except for some of us who have experienced it.
@whesley hynes You think that is a bad thing? In some cases these days we can use cell cultures or computational models to predict possible effects, but that's really new and still not nearly a perfect replacement for using animals.
@whesley hynes no animals involved, we put artemisia annua extract on donated red blood cells from the Red Cross innoculated with the plasmodium parasite
She tested 240,000 ancient alternative medicine cures and they all FAILED. 1 WORKED. Maybe we are correct to be skeptical of the "alternative medicine". I mean a 0.00000417% success rate seem like a bad thing. But i'm glad some real scientist are checking the validity to find the ones that are not alternative and are actually REAL medicine.
Haha, I just watched that video 2 days ago. I think comedians are some of the smartest people cause they have to juxtapose different words, phrases and situations to communicate an idea that most get and find humorous in our daily lives.
I knew about wormwood being the source of modern Malaria treatment, but I had never heard it was discovered by a Chinese scientist or that it was based on traditional medicine. I wish you had mentioned that the first cure for Malaria was discovered by traditional medicine men In South America. Thank you for the video.
Wormwoods have long been known to yield treatments for malaria, hence quinine. However how you treat the source yields different compounds, and that was the big revelation in this case
@Mia Li You must be one of those stupid people who think that women and men are the same. You support sexism. You are helping create a divided, prejudiced society.
The name means "(sound of a deer) Butcher", but it's from a verse that mentions mugwort, so she's been connected with this genus of plants since birth.
Glad to know she was recognized for her impact that she made on the world! also that response was so wholesome! gosh what's it like to be that cool! T.T
Not following the recipe is the main reason so many studies on herbal remedies claim they don't work. Either they use the wrong methods, like boiling when it's not called for, or they use such tiny amounts of an herb, typically similar to an amount you'd get in a meal using the herb as flavoring as opposed to half a cup steeped in hot water and given multiple times a day. There's so much more we can discover but those funding the studies don't want that because then people might be able to grow their own treatments instead of paying hundreds for them.
@@dashroodle9507 what the hell how many pharmaceutical companies have even tested their products vs a tradional medicine available for the same category of disease.How many such Randomized controlled trials have even been conducted and metaanalysis is performed?
I mean, are you disappointed they did not cover every discoverer of obscure cures of every tropical disease? I feel you haven't thought this through. Perhaps make wiser choices in future.
In my class we did a pretty deep dive into malaria specifically, and this is pretty incredible stuff to have left out. I'm glad to know it! Would rather this than Mendel's Peas 🤣
They actually do. Wormwood and the isolated compounds are available otc. They are also used in conjunction with other malaria treatments as the first line of defense.
Took a while to cover this story but glad you guys finally did. Not many people know or appreciate her efforts or that of many other scientists. I really enjoy pieces like this.
What you just said there is the thing the ancients or already saying there is a Celtic myth the son of a great doctor gathered all of the medicine in the world for all known cures there's a similar idea in Greek mythology so it's actually predates anything we think of a civilisation before 3000 years ago nobody knows much but they basically had the same memes we have now. Swords of light robotic hands parallel realities time travel you can trace all that from Celtic mythology the grandmother of all European mythology the ancients didn't just know things we forgot they tried to figure out things we still haven't figured out to this day even though we have since created the wheel electricity the computer plastic and people still argue about what is right and wrong one day we'll be ancient..
@@exo5763 lol a thing a lot of these educational videos forget to mention is our ancient ancestors Circus 3000 years were referencing their ancient ancestors most of the time circa 5 000 years the way they often talked about these things as simply ancient doesn't give a very good functional understanding hope the time involved. I was raised buy a hardcore Celtic family we learnt the history of the British Isles and Ireland inside and out going back 5000 years still to this day we interpret and reinterpret stories ancient to the ancient. if you've any northern European descent maybe you should check out mythical Ireland right here on TH-cam casual name drop lol it's a friend. and if you're from elsewhere I would very much incourage learning the local mythology a lot of myths correspond to geography and monuments constellations all sorts of stuff not just the stories though they can be super entertaining pretty much anywhere in the world. Also if you find somebody who tell you something ancient isn't relevant those kind of people have always existed they are also ancient and relevant.
Don't give the ancients to much credit seeing how their live expectancy were still way lower than ours. And ancient Greek's understanding of diseases was so wrong it took until the 1800s to get it right. Back then, medicine was part observation, part trial and error and luck. The mere idea of all life encoded in something as small as DNA and its manipulation via mRNA is so far beyond their understanding they wouldn't even be able to describe it as magic.
@@stevens9625 you are literally still on the shoulders of giants thinking you're a giant. Medicine is still pretty terrible when medicine isn't terrible will have got it right why morphine is required we're doing something wrong .what we have had thousand of years is the basic idea of looking after people when they are ill in Celtic countries an idea this is slowly catching on in the form of national health care systems medicine has a long way to go yet and it has been a long way. you're still in the middle not the end you have yet to become a giant for some videos to stand on.
Malaria retreated from developed countries under massive DDT campaign in 1950-1960s. Since the campaign was stopped in 1970s, malaria has been creeping back.
@@boulderbash19700209 Indeed. That's how I learned of that tidbit. DDT is a prime example of a useful, but harmful chemical. Similarly, Aspirin would today be impossible to get an FDA approval, but we used it for so long and haven't found anything better.
@@edi9892 For analgesic, there are better medicines than aspirin. But since half century ago, a formerly known side effect of aspirin had been repackaged as its main purpose : as blood thinner.
Me before reading the comments: man I kind of want to explain more of these Me after reading the comments: This is why scientists hate explaining things to the public
@@rickkwitkoski1976 Pfft, I wish. Many of them are aggressively ignorant and will argue against well-established science. Just the other day I made a comment about "bug in a physics simulation" type of video with curious results, that this has to violate a whole bunch of laws of physics (and it actually did so because it's a bug, it even said so in the video), and now there's seemingly endless stream of people who argue against the second law of thermodynamics, against the law of conservation of momentum, even against logic and reason, trying to "prove" to me that this bugged physics simulation was in fact following all the laws of physics correctly. What a joke.
Oftentimes we underestimate the achievements of our ancient ancestors yet even stuff like copper being a sort of antibacterial was something they already knew thousands of years ago.
yeah, except I would like to point you to the part where "they tested 240000 compounds and none of them worked". And those were all derived from the achievements of "traditional medicine" and "ancient wisdom". So yeah, Im not saying that nothing our ancestors did worked, or that we should dismiss everything on the basis of it being used in "traditional medicine", but the simple fact that something has been used and thought to have worked by our ancestors on its own is no proof of it actually working.
And right here is why traditional medicine should never be outright dismissed. Yes it can be less precise than modern methods, but 2000+ years of trial and error can still give very beneficial results.
@@ArawnOfAnnwn I'm not saying that at all, just that it shouldn't be completely ignored. You completely missed the point of what I was saying. Look at what's been used for centuries or millennia, apply modern methods to it to figure out if it was a placebo or not, and then go on depending on the result.
"traditional medicine should never be outright dismissed" No reasonable person does this. However, it should be noted that after scientific rigour has repeatedly tested a remedy or treatment, no efficacy is found and no known possible method for it to work can be described, it's reasonable to consider that particular remedy as debunked so long as _no new evidence can be provided_ . Simply asking again and again despite that reality is tedious, and it becomes quite easy for that to appear as dismissal when it is anything but. tl;dr - Most scientists don't dismiss claims of efficacy out-of-hand (scientists are naturally curious people), instead the phrase is almost always used by peddlers of anti-science rhetoric to make it seem like there is a "both sides" argument where non exists.
Actually, traditional medicine is heavily criticized by most Chinese doctors. Most Chinese people don't even use them anymore. These days, they were more used as a last resort after everything else failed. After all, it is a lot safer to get something that is proven to work than to try out something that only has a tiny chance to work.
As always the dosage makes the medicine or the poison. Edit: And as a side note, what are the odds of someone finding that plant, steeping it in cold water, and making a medicine out of it for that disease? Still probably not as great as the odds of me washing my car.
Cold water extractions are actually quite common in traditional medicine around the world. Less common then hot water extractions, but still fairly common. Many herbs that were used in traditional European medicine are nowadays grown commercially to extract the compounds used in modern medicine. I guess early humans found out that certain plants can remedy certain ailments and experimented with them and then passed down their knowledge to the next generation. Also Alchemy (a precursor to modern chemistry) was widely practised in Europe and Asia, Alchemists experimented with all sorts of chemical processes and many of those Alchemists dedicated their work to find new cures to diseases.
This might be a good lesson that ancient remedies should be tested clinically to see if they have medical merit. A lot of times we listen to folk medicine and dismiss it as placebo effect or just directly call it ineffective. People have been around for a long time and the knowledge of the past can help people in the present.
The problem is that cost a lot of money. They do research when the cure make sense. (and a lot of those were already tested) I am not saying they do enough of those, just... there is a balance to do... or that would be just a big waste of time and money.
"This might be a good lesson that ancient remedies should be tested clinically to see if they have medical merit." Which, of course, happens. Sometimes repeatedly in the face of serial failure, and yet the insistence continues. Much fuss is made about "scientists not taking ancient remedies seriously" but the reverse narrative of peddlers of folk remedies refusing to give up failed treatments in the face of overwhelming evidence is seen in a very different light and given much less purchase, often to the detriment of those they "treat".
As I recall, it was also found growing somewhere very close to a US federal laboratory in Washington researching cures for malaria. There were some red faces when the cure they were seeking was, literally, under their collective nose.
Back then they had the luxury of hundreds of years of human experimentation with all kinds of random crap, nowdays not only do we not have centuries to work with but also this practice prohibited altogether.
Traditional remedies are basically what seemed to work well enough to justify its continued use. Sometimes its just a placebo, othertimes its genuinely helpfull. Modern medicine looks at all sources, identifies key compounds, identifies their effects on the human body/illness, and if it has a beneficial effects tries to refine it. Clasic example, willow bark was known to be a pain reliever, we discovered it contained salicylic acid, which is refined into aspirin in a very easy process (college chem 1 lab). And aspirin is a very useful and gentler drug than salicylic acid. Vaccination has a similar history, tldr china had a practice of "snorting" scrapings of scabs from cows with smallpox to cause a reaction and generate immunity. It was way more dangerous than the modern flu vaccine but it did technically work. I forget the name of the process.
Her name Youyou（呦呦）, is taken from a poem in China’s earliest collection of poetry Book of Songs (诗经) it goes 呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。*rough meaning: the wild deer and it’s herd calls out, they are eating wormwood together.* It’s hard to explain this coincidence, maybe she is predestined.
Everyone needs to be thankful the ancient Chinese documented their treatments. There could be many other treatments for things that are lost to time because they were never written down. All of the healers just knew what the cure was because it was told to them
I like how this highlights vaccine development by a Chinese woman- it’s a very good example that creativity and scientific development come from everywhere, to people who blame the Chinese for covid. Which is ridiculous.. thanks You for the lesson!! Great video
Those cultures won't be around much longer. Those cultures and ethnicities are being erased by the draconian, socialist, culture-erasing elitists. The only way to stop the genocide is to stop funding the government there. Stop buying Chinese goods.
I don't fully embrace or trust Chinese traditional medicine, but I *get* it. Like, it might seem stupid to us to use cures from sources that are hundreds of years old, but it would ALSO be stupid to throw out 3,000 years worth of trial and error. Especially since some of it is pretty well-recorded trial and error.
There is a lot of things documented in text, it just that modern medicine and the west has only recently taken interest as to why certain plants have effects. Note that China has many regions and now many of these look like a cash maker for western pharmaceuticals.
It's tempting to take the wrong lesson here, about there being a hidden cure in nature and that the rest was just crossing t's and dotting i's, but the important takeaway from this sort of story is the hard work that went into the discovery (the ancient practitioners had little or no knowledge what they were doing, simply that there was an efficacious correlation), the testing, the isolation, and the eventual manufacture of the specific compound that had the desired effects in precisely the right amounts. We like to overestimate the narrative in "someone stumbled upon this plant" and downplay how crucial _doing the hard work of science_ is what makes it more than rumor and elevates it beyond the hundreds (if not thousands) of folk remedies that _do absolutely nothing_ and are preserved out of tradition and not actual effective results. The fact that we still isolate the compound from organically-grown plants is a great lesson, too, in the importance of preserving ecosystems. Evolution has done a great job of growing a huge variety of chemical factories that can save us a lot of work even today, at least until we make the breakthroughs necessary which will allow us to build arbitrary molecular compounds. But it's super important to keep in mind that "we grow the plant to harvest this compound" is a very long way from "chew this bark", not the least of which due to the very specific dose requirements highlighted in this video. I have a pepper plant in my garden which has enormous variety in the spiciness present in each pepper. That would be like playing Russian Roulette with the wormwood, and thankfully we no longer have to in order to treat malaria.
I was waiting for you to say she infected herself with malaria to perform the human testing. I was so relieved when the self-experimentation was solely for side effects. Slightly less crazy and unsafe. Much better that she didn't risk dying and prematurely depriving the world of her greatness.
@whesley hynes you sound like an anarcho -primitivist. Whilst your analysis of the consequences of the industrial revolution are mostly sound, it is flawed because it fails to account for the fact that the worst predations of modern society whilst made easier by technology are innately rooted in the capitalist mode of production and the profit incentive. Science and technology are tools that can be put to any purpose, they need not be controlled by the will of wealthy plutocrats and corrupt politicians. Were the means of production instead controlled democratically by those that worked them, and the power of nation states dissolved instead to smaller, democratically run communities negotiating with each other for mutual gain and most of all of everyone was taught to think critically towards power structures and authority, the bounty of technology might be made available to all peoples of the earth. Food for thought.
@whesley hynes Science did not create Malaria. Science did not create war. Scientific thinking and experimentation created Fire, Clothing, Spears, and Shoes. Which caused our ancestors to become Humans. We owe everything to Science, unless you think 100000 "people" living short, brutal lives is the way we should be.
@whesley hynesyou misunderstand me. Perhaps I did not explain well enough. I never said the world shouldn't be globalised, I believe in abolishing nation states and borders and letting people and ideas flow between communities through non-market based means basically communities in conditions to do specific things would make legal/social contracts to provide what other communities lacked and vis versa for the betterment of all without the individual market interactions that define the modern economy, instead resources would be allocated based on the subjective needs of each person in the community. For example the large family with the young and growing children would get the larger share of the food produced or imported into the community but probably wouldn't get alloted most of the communities microscopes or other scientific instruments since they wouldn't have as much need of them as say, the local university which would still get food but would also need specialized equipment for all the studying. There's a lot of political theory going into how such a society would work, and I am not the most educated on it but thats the general idea. I think the sort of society I describe is more or less a communist/anarchist one since communism as an economic system is "stateless, classless, and moneyless" of course establishing such a society would take a long time and many intermediary stages to make global but as the old proverb goes "the best time to plant a tree was twenty years ago, the second best time is now"
You know I saw the old memes saying how she'd be fun to sing Happy Birthday to, but I didn't realize she was a Nobel prize winner and helped find the cure for malaria. so cool!
Congratulations and kudos for bringing some publicity to this deserving woman whose work has saved the lives of many and improved the lives that many more might have lived miserable lives as the result of malaria. As to the occult purpose of this piece, while it is recognized that it will work in the vast majority of cases, please realize that it will not escape the understanding of a not insignificant number of people at the same time. While the former use of certain formulations may have been considered fleeting and/or marginal, an arguable position, its latter use is seen in a very positive light despite its fate.
Bruce Lee said to never rule anything out completely 100%. Because you never know when even something that seems useless might come in handy TRY to always remember
Distilled? I thought you had said it was heat sensitive and needed to be [solvent] extracted. Distillation is a separation unit operation based on different boiling points (thus heat).
@@dashroodle9507 Yes (evaporation of the more volatile fraction passing countercurrent through the condensing less volatile fraction), and differential evaporation occurs because different chemicals typically have different boiling points at a given operating pressure (and chemical environment--some stuff, like ethanol+water, will eventually form azeotropes). You can't get a liquid to evaporate or a solid to sublimate without adding heat or creating a vacuum (ie reducing pressure).
I just learned about 屠呦呦Tu Youyou and thought "TUBERCULOSIS! I hope John Green knows about this!" And then the next video suggested to me was this one 😂
So she didn't discover it. Someone else discovered it, tested it and wrote about it then somehow a 100% effective method was forgotten about and had to be rediscovered. I wonder how many times in the past this has happened and I wonder how many other 100% effective remedies are still lost
So who came up with that treatment she found in the ancient text? Wasn't that person important too? I MEAN GIVE CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE! Someday ancient Chinese healers will get their due credit.
The first ancient text to use qinghao to treat malaria was 肘後備急方 (emergent remedies you should put behind your elbow), written by a Taoist sage (they kinda like the priests in medieval west who did most of the science at the time, including inventing gunpowder) named 葛洪(Ge Hong) who lived in 4th century AD. The texts before him only used qinghao to treat "fever from the bones", or scabies. Maybe the former one could mean malaria as well, but it's not clear enough.
If you are using windows, try to boot to any linux with a flash drive and try the link in the operating system resident web browser. If it plays then your country could be blocking windows and is not blocking many other computer operating systems. I use "MX linux" an easy one to put on a flash drive, and booting from a flash drive will not effect your current hard drive content... th-cam.com/video/GaRtgw7Uv_o/w-d-xo.html
Whoa, how were they able to test hundreds of thousands of compounds, or even amass that many? That's seriously impressive. Also, I wonder, did they mix them do a binary search to identify the compounds that worked? Because no way they had the time or the mice to test them all in sequence... right?
They actually tested the compounds in sequence. This is the Chinese state medical institution we're talking about. You need a million mice? Here, a million mice. That said, they first isolated which compounds have any effect at all on malaria parasites by growing said parasites on petri dishes then dosing them with the tested compounds. Only those compounds that seem to have an effect then get injected into the mice.
I find it really fascinating that they came across this in the past. I'm guessing people were just trying out things at *random* until they stumbled onto something that worked and luckily got scribbled down.
That probably wasn't the case by the time these books were written. Ancient humans probably used herbs for a very long time, and by the time around 2000 years ago there were enough experience in the medical community in China that some people probably just organized what were known to do treat what disease into a book.
No. In the video it specifically states that it attacks a molecule the parasite makes after consuming blood, causing the parasite to rupture. Dengue is caused by a virus, not a parasite, and the only thing that could be ruptured with a reaction is the human cells - even if the virus constructed a similar molecule, which I'm betting it does not.
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What a fantastic lady. She suffered from disease and saw how awful it was so she became absolutely determined to do something about it so no one else would have to suffer. Her efforts and ingenuity gave birth to a cure that has saved millions. She is one of humanity's finest.
Nominate her for the alien brain fight.
Respect 100
There’s a phrase/saying in Chinese, it goes “死si 馬ma 當dang 活huo 馬ma 醫 yi”
The literal translation is “dead horse becomes the live horse’s doctor”
Because the dead horse has a first hand experience of the illness so it will know how to defend against it. In real life application is the same, if you have a certain illness that has troubled you for some years and you’ve been treated and is taking care of yourself. YOU yourself has a lot more knowledge than those who just received the illness.
The person who wrote down the solution thousands of years ago is like.. "emmm.... hello? "
@@KevinHarper3DArtist Excellent !
As someone living in Nigeria, this video means a lot to me
@Sci Show good channel man. Big heart big brain and funny
You mean a lot to me💛
As someone who lived in Nigeria, got malaria, and cured it with hydroxychloroquine (which has become far less useful now), this is a very GOOD finding. HOWEVER, just like HYCHLOR, it will eventually be rendered ineffectual due to mutations of and evolution of the plasmodium parasite.
I am looking hopeful for the malaria VACCINE! If the parasite can be stopped from reproducing, then it will eventually die out, become extinct. So vaccine and methods of stopping transmission (sterile mosquitoes) and this scourge can eventually be eliminated.
It has been estimated that of ALL the people who have ever lived, HALF of them died from malaria.
We in the western "developed" world have no idea what this disease is really like. Except for some of us who have experienced it.
I thought the African natives were already resistent to malaria and the medicine were only for foreigners?
As a Nigerian I'm confused ... if this is so effective why doesn't everyone use it.. how come so many people still die
I worked in the same lab that studied artemisinin from Artemesia annua so this made me super excited 😄
Bruh nature be making the randomness things like how does a plant just be living like that and says yo humans I got you
That is actually so cool omg
@whesley hynes You think that is a bad thing?
In some cases these days we can use cell cultures or computational models to predict possible effects, but that's really new and still not nearly a perfect replacement for using animals.
@whesley hynes no animals involved, we put artemisia annua extract on donated red blood cells from the Red Cross innoculated with the plasmodium parasite
@@natashamaddox3117 yes!! All good work because of valuable blood drive donations 👍
4:27--"Why hasn't this woman won the Nobel Prize?" 4:37--"Oh! Cool, she did!"
^ 2 coordinated spam bots, don't be fooled.
@@mono_si: Reported, thanks, fren.
Unless you're also a spambot, and part of that coordination! Oh gods, they're getting smarter!!!
@@mono_si Spam bots should be a recipe.
@@sdfkjgh THE HIVEMIND
@@mono_si: FOR THE OVERMIND!
Her dedication to her calling is incredible! And her methodical resourcefulness rescued a miracle cure from being lost to the ages.
wr
"You know what they call alternative medicine that has been proven to work? Medicine." -Tim Minchin
Wasn't that Dara Ó Briain? :D
You know what they call proven medicines they can't commercialise?
Illegal drugs.
She tested 240,000 ancient alternative medicine cures and they all FAILED. 1 WORKED. Maybe we are correct to be skeptical of the "alternative medicine". I mean a 0.00000417% success rate seem like a bad thing. But i'm glad some real scientist are checking the validity to find the ones that are not alternative and are actually REAL medicine.
Haha, I just watched that video 2 days ago. I think comedians are some of the smartest people cause they have to juxtapose different words, phrases and situations to communicate an idea that most get and find humorous in our daily lives.
@@ReasonablySkeptic Yup, the difference between traditional medicine and modern medicine is testing.
I knew about wormwood being the source of modern Malaria treatment, but I had never heard it was discovered by a Chinese scientist or that it was based on traditional medicine. I wish you had mentioned that the first cure for Malaria was discovered by traditional medicine men In South America. Thank you for the video.
Wormwoods have long been known to yield treatments for malaria, hence quinine. However how you treat the source yields different compounds, and that was the big revelation in this case
And werewolves too
This channel only praises female scientists. This phenomena is known as 'bigotry.'
Chloroquine... is key for hydroxychloroquine used to treat malaria as OTC across the worl... except America
@Mia Li You must be one of those stupid people who think that women and men are the same. You support sexism. You are helping create a divided, prejudiced society.
The name means "(sound of a deer) Butcher", but it's from a verse that mentions mugwort, so she's been connected with this genus of plants since birth.
Fascinating! I've taken a warm mugwort bath in a steam house before. It's quite nice.
a predestined destiny or a very lucky coincidence. eitherway, she lived up to it
Glad to know she was recognized for her impact that she made on the world!
also that response was so wholesome! gosh what's it like to be that cool! T.T
Not following the recipe is the main reason so many studies on herbal remedies claim they don't work. Either they use the wrong methods, like boiling when it's not called for, or they use such tiny amounts of an herb, typically similar to an amount you'd get in a meal using the herb as flavoring as opposed to half a cup steeped in hot water and given multiple times a day. There's so much more we can discover but those funding the studies don't want that because then people might be able to grow their own treatments instead of paying hundreds for them.
Oh yeah, another genius.
Do you know eating cornflakes stops you getting pregnant? Give it a try, just be sure to follow the recipe carefully now.
@@dashroodle9507 what the hell how many pharmaceutical companies have even tested their products vs a tradional medicine available for the same category of disease.How many such Randomized controlled trials have even been conducted and metaanalysis is performed?
They didn't teach this in human biology class, I'm so glad you do what you do Hank
well one a women came up with it and it was considered witchcraft
Well, pretty specific stuff, isn't it?
I mean, are you disappointed they did not cover every discoverer of obscure cures of every tropical disease? I feel you haven't thought this through. Perhaps make wiser choices in future.
In my class we did a pretty deep dive into malaria specifically, and this is pretty incredible stuff to have left out. I'm glad to know it! Would rather this than Mendel's Peas 🤣
They actually do. Wormwood and the isolated compounds are available otc. They are also used in conjunction with other malaria treatments as the first line of defense.
Took a while to cover this story but glad you guys finally did. Not many people know or appreciate her efforts or that of many other scientists. I really enjoy pieces like this.
So many ancient culture's had secrets that were lost. So many cures for the diseases still ailing us. I'm glad at least this one survived
What you just said there is the thing the ancients or already saying there is a Celtic myth the son of a great doctor gathered all of the medicine in the world for all known cures there's a similar idea in Greek mythology so it's actually predates anything we think of a civilisation before 3000 years ago nobody knows much but they basically had the same memes we have now. Swords of light robotic hands parallel realities time travel you can trace all that from Celtic mythology the grandmother of all European mythology the ancients didn't just know things we forgot they tried to figure out things we still haven't figured out to this day even though we have since created the wheel electricity the computer plastic and people still argue about what is right and wrong one day we'll be ancient..
@@ridanann smart man. Lemme know more about. I've come to that same conclusion.
@@exo5763 lol a thing a lot of these educational videos forget to mention is our ancient ancestors Circus 3000 years were referencing their ancient ancestors most of the time circa 5 000 years the way they often talked about these things as simply ancient doesn't give a very good functional understanding hope the time involved. I was raised buy a hardcore Celtic family we learnt the history of the British Isles and Ireland inside and out going back 5000 years still to this day we interpret and reinterpret stories ancient to the ancient. if you've any northern European descent maybe you should check out mythical Ireland right here on TH-cam casual name drop lol it's a friend. and if you're from elsewhere I would very much incourage learning the local mythology a lot of myths correspond to geography and monuments constellations all sorts of stuff not just the stories though they can be super entertaining pretty much anywhere in the world. Also if you find somebody who tell you something ancient isn't relevant those kind of people have always existed they are also ancient and relevant.
Don't give the ancients to much credit seeing how their live expectancy were still way lower than ours. And ancient Greek's understanding of diseases was so wrong it took until the 1800s to get it right. Back then, medicine was part observation, part trial and error and luck. The mere idea of all life encoded in something as small as DNA and its manipulation via mRNA is so far beyond their understanding they wouldn't even be able to describe it as magic.
@@stevens9625 you are literally still on the shoulders of giants thinking you're a giant. Medicine is still pretty terrible when medicine isn't terrible will have got it right why morphine is required we're doing something wrong .what we have had thousand of years is the basic idea of looking after people when they are ill in Celtic countries an idea this is slowly catching on in the form of national health care systems medicine has a long way to go yet and it has been a long way. you're still in the middle not the end you have yet to become a giant for some videos to stand on.
Imagine wishing Tu YouYou happy birthday.
😂 Fortunately her first name is pronounced more like the toy, yo-yo
@@YYHyasha Pinyin can be a mess at times, but at least it's not Wade-Gilles
@@yy-hj4br Is that like saying that Malaria is better than Typhus?
Today, we see it as a tropical malady. It's hard for me to imagine that even in Germany Malaria was a common cause of death.
Malaria was quite common in The Netherlands, especially round the Zuiderzee, at least until 1920.
@@kellydalstok8900 I know that many celebrities of Southern Germany died of it. Also, A. Dürrer died of it.
Malaria retreated from developed countries under massive DDT campaign in 1950-1960s. Since the campaign was stopped in 1970s, malaria has been creeping back.
@@boulderbash19700209 Indeed. That's how I learned of that tidbit. DDT is a prime example of a useful, but harmful chemical. Similarly, Aspirin would today be impossible to get an FDA approval, but we used it for so long and haven't found anything better.
@@edi9892 For analgesic, there are better medicines than aspirin. But since half century ago, a formerly known side effect of aspirin had been repackaged as its main purpose : as blood thinner.
This is such a beautiful story!! What a tireless, determined person.
"So they got down to business..."
My brain: Let's get down to business, to defeat the Huns!
_sAmE_
Damn you DISNEY
I missed it, but you should make another comment: @(whatever time) “to defat the Huns”
I knew I wasn’t the only one who immediately thought that!
@@TheLionEric Chinese people getting down to business. How could I not think of that song?
Me before reading the comments: man I kind of want to explain more of these
Me after reading the comments: This is why scientists hate explaining things to the public
@F Yang - no kidding! So many IG NOR ANT people with nothing of value to add.
@@rickkwitkoski1976 Pfft, I wish. Many of them are aggressively ignorant and will argue against well-established science. Just the other day I made a comment about "bug in a physics simulation" type of video with curious results, that this has to violate a whole bunch of laws of physics (and it actually did so because it's a bug, it even said so in the video), and now there's seemingly endless stream of people who argue against the second law of thermodynamics, against the law of conservation of momentum, even against logic and reason, trying to "prove" to me that this bugged physics simulation was in fact following all the laws of physics correctly. What a joke.
When getting ill with something sets you off on a journey that ultimately saves millions of lives, well done to that lady... :D
Oftentimes we underestimate the achievements of our ancient ancestors yet even stuff like copper being a sort of antibacterial was something they already knew thousands of years ago.
yeah, except I would like to point you to the part where "they tested 240000 compounds and none of them worked". And those were all derived from the achievements of "traditional medicine" and "ancient wisdom". So yeah, Im not saying that nothing our ancestors did worked, or that we should dismiss everything on the basis of it being used in "traditional medicine", but the simple fact that something has been used and thought to have worked by our ancestors on its own is no proof of it actually working.
mostly because of careful observation and coincidence. they would have no clue why something was working but they knew that it was.
And right here is why traditional medicine should never be outright dismissed. Yes it can be less precise than modern methods, but 2000+ years of trial and error can still give very beneficial results.
@@ArawnOfAnnwn I'm not saying that at all, just that it shouldn't be completely ignored. You completely missed the point of what I was saying. Look at what's been used for centuries or millennia, apply modern methods to it to figure out if it was a placebo or not, and then go on depending on the result.
"traditional medicine should never be outright dismissed"
No reasonable person does this. However, it should be noted that after scientific rigour has repeatedly tested a remedy or treatment, no efficacy is found and no known possible method for it to work can be described, it's reasonable to consider that particular remedy as debunked so long as _no new evidence can be provided_ . Simply asking again and again despite that reality is tedious, and it becomes quite easy for that to appear as dismissal when it is anything but.
tl;dr - Most scientists don't dismiss claims of efficacy out-of-hand (scientists are naturally curious people), instead the phrase is almost always used by peddlers of anti-science rhetoric to make it seem like there is a "both sides" argument where non exists.
Actually, traditional medicine is heavily criticized by most Chinese doctors. Most Chinese people don't even use them anymore. These days, they were more used as a last resort after everything else failed. After all, it is a lot safer to get something that is proven to work than to try out something that only has a tiny chance to work.
@@fyang1429 Whcih part of China are you talking about?... I'm pretty sure the people still use and enjoy it...
i did a speech on her! she deserves so much recognition
As always the dosage makes the medicine or the poison.
Edit: And as a side note, what are the odds of someone finding that plant, steeping it in cold water, and making a medicine out of it for that disease? Still probably not as great as the odds of me washing my car.
Well, not always. _Any_ amount of arsenic, for example, is bad. The "medicinal" amount of arsenic is a straight-up zero.
@@General12th Same with mercury and lead. Both are extremely toxic
Cold water extractions are actually quite common in traditional medicine around the world. Less common then hot water extractions, but still fairly common. Many herbs that were used in traditional European medicine are nowadays grown commercially to extract the compounds used in modern medicine.
I guess early humans found out that certain plants can remedy certain ailments and experimented with them and then passed down their knowledge to the next generation.
Also Alchemy (a precursor to modern chemistry) was widely practised in Europe and Asia, Alchemists experimented with all sorts of chemical processes and many of those Alchemists dedicated their work to find new cures to diseases.
@@Ikajo speak for yourself. Just ate Mercury. Venus is now closest to the sun
@@teathesilkwing7616 Ah, but I used a small m for mercury. So not the planet
This might be a good lesson that ancient remedies should be tested clinically to see if they have medical merit. A lot of times we listen to folk medicine and dismiss it as placebo effect or just directly call it ineffective. People have been around for a long time and the knowledge of the past can help people in the present.
True, but a lot of misses together with those hits.
The problem is that cost a lot of money.
They do research when the cure make sense. (and a lot of those were already tested)
I am not saying they do enough of those, just... there is a balance to do... or that would be just a big waste of time and money.
@@bobbobber4810 makes sense from that perspective.
"This might be a good lesson that ancient remedies should be tested clinically to see if they have medical merit."
Which, of course, happens. Sometimes repeatedly in the face of serial failure, and yet the insistence continues. Much fuss is made about "scientists not taking ancient remedies seriously" but the reverse narrative of peddlers of folk remedies refusing to give up failed treatments in the face of overwhelming evidence is seen in a very different light and given much less purchase, often to the detriment of those they "treat".
I suspect they would have a problem with patents. You know, making a lot of money......
Luckily we bigfoots don't have to worry much about mosquitoes because our long hair protects us from them
Truth. Best part of the chest bush.
Have you ever seen an old Greek man, all we have is chest hair
Oh just you wait :)
Try not to overheat
@@evilcheese1119 if the fur is thick enough, it can also protect from the heat
It's latin name is Artemisia Annua and it's ubiquitous in western North Carolina.
As I recall, it was also found growing somewhere very close to a US federal laboratory in Washington researching cures for malaria. There were some red faces when the cure they were seeking was, literally, under their collective nose.
@@nicolek4076 it's used around here, along with black walnut, to treat intestinal parasites. Works every time.
Alternative medicine is not medicine, but many medicines come from traditional remedies and natural compounds. The past still has things to teach us.
Back then they had the luxury of hundreds of years of human experimentation with all kinds of random crap, nowdays not only do we not have centuries to work with but also this practice prohibited altogether.
Traditional remedies are basically what seemed to work well enough to justify its continued use. Sometimes its just a placebo, othertimes its genuinely helpfull.
Modern medicine looks at all sources, identifies key compounds, identifies their effects on the human body/illness, and if it has a beneficial effects tries to refine it.
Clasic example, willow bark was known to be a pain reliever, we discovered it contained salicylic acid, which is refined into aspirin in a very easy process (college chem 1 lab). And aspirin is a very useful and gentler drug than salicylic acid.
Vaccination has a similar history, tldr china had a practice of "snorting" scrapings of scabs from cows with smallpox to cause a reaction and generate immunity. It was way more dangerous than the modern flu vaccine but it did technically work. I forget the name of the process.
I had no idea about this! This is so cool! Thanks for bringing this to light Hank. I wish science taught us about this
This woman had an amazing career discovery!
Her name was the highlight of this video for me, because 1- Tu means You in portuguese and 2- Tu Youyou sounds like Tuiuiu, a species of bird!
Today is Tu Youyou's birthday. Happy birthday to this great Chinese scientist!
Her name Youyou（呦呦）, is taken from a poem in China’s earliest collection of poetry Book of Songs (诗经) it goes 呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。*rough meaning: the wild deer and it’s herd calls out, they are eating wormwood together.* It’s hard to explain this coincidence, maybe she is predestined.
I can't imagine what a nightmare it is trying to sing Tu Youyou's birthday song.
Lmfao
Happy birthday Tu You-you
happy birthday to you.
A bit weird, but perfectly singable
this comment is so underrated lol
Made me giggle like a silly schoolboy, thanks to you, ah that felt good. 😂
@@Lennard222 Still, It's funny haha
Everyone needs to be thankful the ancient Chinese documented their treatments. There could be many other treatments for things that are lost to time because they were never written down. All of the healers just knew what the cure was because it was told to them
I like how this highlights vaccine development by a Chinese woman- it’s a very good example that creativity and scientific development come from everywhere, to people who blame the Chinese for covid. Which is ridiculous.. thanks You for the lesson!!
Great video
This is so great!
I really like this Great Minds series! Especially considering a lot of these pioneers are less well known than our Watson and Cricks or our Einsteins.
"Tu", means "You" in Portuguese.
So in my mind, her name is "you you you"
This show even if a civilization is old in history and we advance so much we can still learn from them
Sometimes I forget how old and interesting China and it’s diverse ethnic groups are
China is very big and very old.
Those cultures won't be around much longer. Those cultures and ethnicities are being erased by the draconian, socialist, culture-erasing elitists. The only way to stop the genocide is to stop funding the government there. Stop buying Chinese goods.
@@jameso1447 You are the perfect specimen for the scientist to test their experiments! your stupidity is beyond words.. 🤣🤣🤣
@@jameso1447 Is that what your news sources tell you? Why not visit and found out if it were really true?
@@jameso1447 Stop participating in capitalism then. Everyone does business with china. Go live off the grid and trade with the amish.
Disease: **infects Tu Youyou**
Tu: *YOU'VE YEE'D YOUR LAST HAW*
What an amazing scientist, truly one of the greatest contributors to medicine and human well-being in history.
So if it wasn't for her I would have died 25/100 times I have had malaria? Wow! Thank you, Tu!❤❤❤
Thank YOU for saving my life ❤️
Let's get down to business to defeat the Malaria!
*to defeat... _THE_ _HUNS_
and the rest slowly
I was searching this comment
I love you hanky Panky
🥰
@@grimace4257 I love you, Grimace
I wish I had MuscleHank's number so I could call him up and get him to remove this comment.
@@General12th oop-
Herbs can be very useful if used correctly.
Fun fact: in French, "tu" is the word for singular "you". So, to us, this is a video about Dr. You Youyou.
I don't fully embrace or trust Chinese traditional medicine, but I *get* it. Like, it might seem stupid to us to use cures from sources that are hundreds of years old, but it would ALSO be stupid to throw out 3,000 years worth of trial and error. Especially since some of it is pretty well-recorded trial and error.
There is a lot of things documented in text, it just that modern medicine and the west has only recently taken interest as to why certain plants have effects. Note that China has many regions and now many of these look like a cash maker for western pharmaceuticals.
SWEET😍 GREAT TOPIC!
So awesome!
I knew this but its always fun to see it brought up again
@xirsamoht x nationally registered emergency medical technician
I.e. an EMT
It's tempting to take the wrong lesson here, about there being a hidden cure in nature and that the rest was just crossing t's and dotting i's, but the important takeaway from this sort of story is the hard work that went into the discovery (the ancient practitioners had little or no knowledge what they were doing, simply that there was an efficacious correlation), the testing, the isolation, and the eventual manufacture of the specific compound that had the desired effects in precisely the right amounts. We like to overestimate the narrative in "someone stumbled upon this plant" and downplay how crucial _doing the hard work of science_ is what makes it more than rumor and elevates it beyond the hundreds (if not thousands) of folk remedies that _do absolutely nothing_ and are preserved out of tradition and not actual effective results.
The fact that we still isolate the compound from organically-grown plants is a great lesson, too, in the importance of preserving ecosystems. Evolution has done a great job of growing a huge variety of chemical factories that can save us a lot of work even today, at least until we make the breakthroughs necessary which will allow us to build arbitrary molecular compounds. But it's super important to keep in mind that "we grow the plant to harvest this compound" is a very long way from "chew this bark", not the least of which due to the very specific dose requirements highlighted in this video. I have a pepper plant in my garden which has enormous variety in the spiciness present in each pepper. That would be like playing Russian Roulette with the wormwood, and thankfully we no longer have to in order to treat malaria.
Not @ me getting teary eyes over this =D
I was waiting for you to say she infected herself with malaria to perform the human testing. I was so relieved when the self-experimentation was solely for side effects. Slightly less crazy and unsafe. Much better that she didn't risk dying and prematurely depriving the world of her greatness.
Thank you, Tu Youyou!
Thanks Dr Tu!
Thirdly I love plants so much most of the time and I am very sad so many species are dying out these days.
@whesley hynes you sound like an anarcho -primitivist. Whilst your analysis of the consequences of the industrial revolution are mostly sound, it is flawed because it fails to account for the fact that the worst predations of modern society whilst made easier by technology are innately rooted in the capitalist mode of production and the profit incentive. Science and technology are tools that can be put to any purpose, they need not be controlled by the will of wealthy plutocrats and corrupt politicians. Were the means of production instead controlled democratically by those that worked them, and the power of nation states dissolved instead to smaller, democratically run communities negotiating with each other for mutual gain and most of all of everyone was taught to think critically towards power structures and authority, the bounty of technology might be made available to all peoples of the earth. Food for thought.
@@seekingabsolution1907 The reply above is most probably a spam/troll comment but I appreciate the explanation.
@whesley hynes Science did not create Malaria. Science did not create war. Scientific thinking and experimentation created Fire, Clothing, Spears, and Shoes. Which caused our ancestors to become Humans. We owe everything to Science, unless you think 100000 "people" living short, brutal lives is the way we should be.
replying because i want to see how this develops
@whesley hynesyou misunderstand me. Perhaps I did not explain well enough. I never said the world shouldn't be globalised, I believe in abolishing nation states and borders and letting people and ideas flow between communities through non-market based means basically communities in conditions to do specific things would make legal/social contracts to provide what other communities lacked and vis versa for the betterment of all without the individual market interactions that define the modern economy, instead resources would be allocated based on the subjective needs of each person in the community. For example the large family with the young and growing children would get the larger share of the food produced or imported into the community but probably wouldn't get alloted most of the communities microscopes or other scientific instruments since they wouldn't have as much need of them as say, the local university which would still get food but would also need specialized equipment for all the studying. There's a lot of political theory going into how such a society would work, and I am not the most educated on it but thats the general idea. I think the sort of society I describe is more or less a communist/anarchist one since communism as an economic system is "stateless, classless, and moneyless" of course establishing such a society would take a long time and many intermediary stages to make global but as the old proverb goes "the best time to plant a tree was twenty years ago, the second best time is now"
You know I saw the old memes saying how she'd be fun to sing Happy Birthday to, but I didn't realize she was a Nobel prize winner and helped find the cure for malaria. so cool!
Congratulations and kudos for bringing some publicity to this deserving woman whose work has saved the lives of many and improved the lives that many more might have lived miserable lives as the result of malaria. As to the occult purpose of this piece, while it is recognized that it will work in the vast majority of cases, please realize that it will not escape the understanding of a not insignificant number of people at the same time. While the former use of certain formulations may have been considered fleeting and/or marginal, an arguable position, its latter use is seen in a very positive light despite its fate.
Well Done! Thank you so much ❤❤❤❤
Thank you for the video, awesome!
Bruce Lee said to never rule anything out completely 100%. Because you never know when even something that seems useless might come in handy TRY to always remember
*Trying to remember my entire childhood*
The drug also is a first round of defense against rheumatoid arthritis.
Distilled? I thought you had said it was heat sensitive and needed to be [solvent] extracted. Distillation is a separation unit operation based on different boiling points (thus heat).
It is based on evaporation, not boiling points.
@@dashroodle9507 Yes (evaporation of the more volatile fraction passing countercurrent through the condensing less volatile fraction), and differential evaporation occurs because different chemicals typically have different boiling points at a given operating pressure (and chemical environment--some stuff, like ethanol+water, will eventually form azeotropes). You can't get a liquid to evaporate or a solid to sublimate without adding heat or creating a vacuum (ie reducing pressure).
@@erikjohnson9223 Evaporation is not boiling, some more volatile chemicals have higher boiling points than their less volatile little friends.
Things we have to get profits out of: medicine, food, housing, water, energy, society.
Capitalism in a nutshell
I just learned about 屠呦呦Tu Youyou and thought "TUBERCULOSIS! I hope John Green knows about this!" And then the next video suggested to me was this one 😂
I love learning this stuff.
She's awesome!!
Wouldn't that be a tincture? Letting things steep in alcohol, often in a dark cool place, so no heat, is how you make tinctures
You can also smoke wormwood for mild psychoactive effects.
I wonder how many other technologies have been forgotten overtime.
Great story, I did my final yr thesis on these compounds.
few things comes to mind, malaria was at one time present in france? wormwood was used for making absent.
Happy birthday to tu youyou! Happy birthday to you...
Besides being the most confusing person to sing happy birthday to, Tu Youyou is amazing.
So she didn't discover it. Someone else discovered it, tested it and wrote about it then somehow a 100% effective method was forgotten about and had to be rediscovered. I wonder how many times in the past this has happened and I wonder how many other 100% effective remedies are still lost
Awesome 🙏🙏🙏🙏
This is so huge. How is this not all over the news?
Good news on the news??? LOL No one would watch it. A common mantra from local TV News, If it burns, it leads.
Its been six years since they won the nobel prize. Could have been huge at that time
So who came up with that treatment she found in the ancient text? Wasn't that person important too? I MEAN GIVE CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE! Someday ancient Chinese healers will get their due credit.
The first ancient text to use qinghao to treat malaria was 肘後備急方 (emergent remedies you should put behind your elbow), written by a Taoist sage (they kinda like the priests in medieval west who did most of the science at the time, including inventing gunpowder) named 葛洪(Ge Hong) who lived in 4th century AD.
The texts before him only used qinghao to treat "fever from the bones", or scabies. Maybe the former one could mean malaria as well, but it's not clear enough.
That's an old commercial..... "Ancient Chinese Secret, huh?"
Just wow 🤯
Thanks to you To Youyou
Só nobody gonna make the meme reference??
"Tu Youyou, the hardest person to sing happy birthday to"
Att: Sci Show.
FYI.
When I try to view any of your videos, the viewable area is a solid black screen.
signed in from Syd Australia.
If you are using windows, try to boot to any linux with a flash drive and try the link in the operating system resident web browser. If it plays then your country could be blocking windows and is not blocking many other computer operating systems. I use "MX linux" an easy one to put on a flash drive, and booting from a flash drive will not effect your current hard drive content... th-cam.com/video/GaRtgw7Uv_o/w-d-xo.html
Whoa, how were they able to test hundreds of thousands of compounds, or even amass that many? That's seriously impressive. Also, I wonder, did they mix them do a binary search to identify the compounds that worked? Because no way they had the time or the mice to test them all in sequence... right?
They actually tested the compounds in sequence. This is the Chinese state medical institution we're talking about. You need a million mice? Here, a million mice.
That said, they first isolated which compounds have any effect at all on malaria parasites by growing said parasites on petri dishes then dosing them with the tested compounds. Only those compounds that seem to have an effect then get injected into the mice.
Bravo 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻 Absolutely incredible!!!
Nobody going to talk about Happy Birthday to tu youyou?
great research on her part. interesting how she went to an isolated island to test on the mice.
thanks
I find it really fascinating that they came across this in the past. I'm guessing people were just trying out things at *random* until they stumbled onto something that worked and luckily got scribbled down.
That probably wasn't the case by the time these books were written. Ancient humans probably used herbs for a very long time, and by the time around 2000 years ago there were enough experience in the medical community in China that some people probably just organized what were known to do treat what disease into a book.
Wow this is so cool!
I like when modern science proves ancient remedies to work. We should look at remedies of the past and see scientifically what makes them work.
I love this. She won the Nobel prize, but she was in it to help people, not her own glory.
As a Licensed Acupuncturist, this is great news
Thank you TU!
Imagine singing "Happy Birthday" to that woman...
good one , but the parasite is now resistant, malaria disturbs me weekly till i use chloroquine. Looking to other treatments now
Isn't wormwood steeped in alcohol the base for absinthe?
Does it work for other mosquito borne diseases? like dengue?
No.
In the video it specifically states that it attacks a molecule the parasite makes after consuming blood, causing the parasite to rupture. Dengue is caused by a virus, not a parasite, and the only thing that could be ruptured with a reaction is the human cells - even if the virus constructed a similar molecule, which I'm betting it does not.
I have thought of a way to vax bats from rabies I know it a batty idea got any other way?
You should one on Alexandra Elbakyan