Comment with a fun topic and win... getting to watch the video on the said fun topic. Historical topic, we won't be doing videos on your favorite anime. By the way, this week our podcast will have an interview with an expert on then Mongol Armies Dr. Timothy May. Subscribe to not miss it: podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/ages-of-conquest-a-kings-and-generals-podcast/id1446527049
I've wondered about that. Every time a Khan wants to attack someone, they kill or mutilate some Mongol envoys. Convenient... on the other hand, why would the frigging Great Khan need to manufacture a cassus belli? Wouldn't the fact that other states exist be excuse enough?
@@robertmiller9735 kwarazamian empire guy killed Genghis' envoys so the mongols could attack him and get tired through a seige then counterattack them and get territory. However he thought they were just typical nomads and got very surprised when they came with Chinese seige engineers. Then he lost his empire and escaped. Then he came back and steam rolled the local population since mongols killed most of them and they decide to keep it. Then after reconquering his old lands the mongols came back and killed him and permanently took the land this time
They didn’t conquer all that land by luck. They had to have certain military advantages in order to beat all those armies, especially since they were usually outnumbered
@@DaMartialAthlete yes some certain military advantages is needed. Military strategy, intelligence, the quality of the army is more better than quantity. For example, 1,000 elite veterans can defend a well fortified fort or castle against a big army for a long time if they had enough supplies and weaponry. On the field of battle, it mostly depends on the commander and generals when deploying troops and formations. Since on open field one must know that quality and quantity can change the battle just as much as strategies can. Quality troops (elites, veterans, etc) can be of the vanguard or reserved force, or some generals prefer some hand picked men (elite) to be flanking. Either way the army's core relies on combat experience, supplies of food and equipments. I may be wrong, but I been playing too much games and watching too much movies.
Believe it or not, as I was listening to your podcast on the death of Mongke Khan today I thought " You know what would be awesome? If KnG released a video about the Mongols really soon. " A surprise, yet quite welcome, you made my day bright.
@@amarjigjid6515 they're on quite a number of podcast sites... look up "Kings and Generals," or "Ages of Conquest," on any you can think of and there's a good chance you'll find them. If you have no luck I can send you some of the sites and you might be able to find one you can access
Chinggis is the actual mongol pronunciation of the name. Its historically accurate. Genghis was thirdhand pronunciation brought in from marco polo and traders.
Khalid Subutai was a better general than both of these people anyway,his strategies were so forward thinking that people would only start adopting them hundreds of years later.
Great idea (unless if it was a trap and soon will find ourselves encircled by mounted archers) but seriously I've been wondering what happened to the Mongols they were very loud in medieval times but now they are very quiet you rarely hear anything from there, like if they have secretly moved to another planet long ago!
aw man there is so much about the mongols that we know, and so much just shrouded in mystery.. mongols didn't write much lol so most of what we know is through otuside accounts of the time, or through archaeological finds ect.
Better than Dan Carlin, you can check out Kings and Generals' own podcast series on the Mongols. It's much more in depth! Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/4DlMlUmJQN3Y9pZJVbCdC1?si=ADmPKL64R1WhpYvaYKdX_Q Kings and Generals website: www.kingsandgenerals.net/podcast/
Perhaps the most admirable trait of the Mongol Army is their constant willingness to adapt new tactics and technology to compensate for the limitations of their style of steppe warfare. They were so adaptive that they usually "go native" with the peoples they conquer.
Here are the literal translation of terms shown here, and their modern versions. I put correct old terms in a bracket Bara'un-qar - Baruun gar - Right hand ( or wing ) Jun-qar - Zuun gar - Left hand ( or wing ) Ordu - Ord - Tent or Palace ( High command) Arban - Arvan - Ten ( Unit designation) Jagun (Jigun) - Zuun - Hundred ( Unit designation) Minggan - Myangan - Thousand (Unit designation) Tumen - Arvan Myangan - Ten Thousand (Tumen is not used a lot in modern Mongolian) Kheshig - Khishig - Gift or Favor Khevtuul - Khevtuul - The ones who are lying down (Night guards) Turaqut (Torguud) - Torgon Tsereg - Silks or The ones who wear silk Bahadur (Bagatur) - Baatar - Hero or Brave one Qorchi (Khorchi) - Khorchin - Bow maker or bearer (archaic word) There are currently multiple Mongolian clans who bear military names such as Tumed, Torguud, Khorchin, Myangad
Is there a standard for Mongolian English transliteration? I read a bit on Mongolian history and encountered the terms presented in this video, but each book I read spells the terms differently. Could it be due to pronounciation shift from Middle Mongolian to Modern Mongolian; or simply due to different transliteration system? For instance, is it "Khatangku Dehel" or "Hatangu Deel"?
It is due to modern mongolian dropping g between vowels in favor of double vowels and lack of distinction between (o,u), (ts, ch) and (ö, ü). Last but not least latin alphabet lacks necessary letters to make proper sound. For example хаган or хаан means king could be written khagan, khaghan, qagan, etc.
@@jackusall modern khalkha mongolian（mongolia‘s mongolian） is heavily influenced by tibetans after they converted to tibetan buddhism in late 17th，they borrowed Consonant like ts tz to mongolian oral language
1999 Amy Wrong. All the pronunciation is established from ancient mongol words. Nowadays most of them has been changed little bit b little bit due to time flows.
I've said it before, I'll say it again now, and I'm sure I'll say it many times more in the future: Kings and Generals is _the _*_GREATEST_* channel on TH-cam, period end of story. Some of the best and most in depth information presented in an interesting way; and incomparably beautiful graphic work. Well done and keep it up!!!
Even today, in Hindi, Bangla, and Urdu and other south Asian languages for almost 2 billion people, the word "Bahadur" means someone who is brave and capable. Even some modern military honors here has the word "bahadur" in it.
Also "Bogatyr" in Russian. Funnily enough, one of the major pastimes of bogatyrs in Russian legends is fighting *against* various steppe nomads and especially Mongols. :-) Though to be fair, the word was apparently adopted into Russian from Turkic tribes centuries before the Mongolian invasion.
It’s a Turkic origin name. Means brave, hero, warrior. Its quite popular name in cantral asia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey. Since Gengiz khan’s army had more Turkic soldiers and Turkic language & names also spread widely.
@@1212-m6b It’s a Mongol word you Anatolian kurdish/greek blood mutt. These words are from the original Hunnu empire also called as the Xiongnu. They were Mongolic speakers just like the Rouran Khanate.
Right now, when I think of Mongolian throat singing, I wanna meditate. But back in those days, that would be like a 60s American soldier hearing the trees speak Vietnamese or a 1939-40 Soviet soldier hearing the snow speak Finnish.
@@thedoruk6324 they have taken revenge some years before the 2nd world wars in a battle near the manchoury: the battle of Khalkhin Gol Spoilers the japanese were humiliated by them
@GoodGirlKate even the court was based on meritocracy and it allowed non mongols to the ministrial position and when they betrayed the yuan empire fell
It's incredible to see Mongolian leader to create one of the greatest unit army on history. More effective and efficient make mongol empire can conquer so many land. Thanks for genghis khan and also subutei and jebei
My favourite part of history - Mongol Empire. It always amazes me that they were conquering countries like Poland and Japan in almost same time (thousands of miles difference)
North Lord: very true. It's hard to envision this when you look at Mongolia today, which ranks 105 out of 138 countries in military power, but in the 12th century, Mongolia was the TOP DOG empire without a doubt.
I specialise in islamic empires and my favorites are ottomans and I wonder what would happen if ottomans never lost at Vienna and kf suleyman never killed mustafa as he thought he was threatign to kill him
Explains how Chinggis Khan was able to run such a massive empire. He really understood how to establish stability through discipline and a sense of unity.
I feel like this channel is always putting a video out on the topic I’m on. I just finished hardcore history of the mongols and then this comes out the same hour.
Yeah sorry guyz I guess he charges a couple bucks for his older stuff now. I’ve had it for a while. Worth it tho... Oh and yeah I am Jacks pastel avatar...
Some of the royal guards might have been even childhood friends with the khan and princess because they were sons of generals and captains who most likely lived very close with the khans ger.
Mukhali was the 1st non-biological King"Taychi" nominated by Genghis himself, he was a slave under the Jurkin, a clan within Khamag confederacy beside Khiyat "RouRan survivors saved from Gökturks by geese chirping" (royal family) & Taychiud, he was Genghis's 1st bodyguard before Jebe(arrow)
Fantastic video, I didn't know I needed to start understanding the actual composition and structure of the great Mongolian Army, but here we are: enjoying and marveled by it. Thanks guys! As always, OfficiallyDevin narration ties it up just nicely.
@@ls200076 We would never truly know which was the closest (came from which language group) because there was never a linguistic scholar(s) within Turkic or Mongolic civilisations throughout history that wrote papers throughout the centuries on the subect so that modern scholars were able to find the root of the source unlike the Rime table. But what we do know is that the Xiongnu were the first steppes confederacy to organise their military in a decimal system. And both Turkish and Mongolian historians cite Chinese historiography sources on the matter. Mongolian historians argue that Xiongnu were proto-Mongol. Turkish argue otherwise. Western historians tend to argue a mix of languages and groups composing the Xiongnu. Scant writing and written form of what the Xiongnu spoke remains.
Mongol dicipline was upmost level. Even chengis khan give death order to his grandson who didnt listen his commander(probably low born). Other generals made a lot of effort to change his mind.
Every army should know there's no such thing as royal or family relationships when being in the army. If you seen Three kingdoms 2010 a tv show, I forgot which episode it was .. The grand commander (highest rank in the army of three kingdoms era) Said to his son "There's no family relationships when your in the army" Because once in the army you must follow military laws which were of course strict.
As a south east asian i want to know more about the mongol attacks on any of the SEA kingdoms. or maybe any other SEA battles/conquests will do good for me :) i'm your fan from Malaysia btw.
@@GUTZ420 KnG does have some videos on the Mongol invasion of Vietnam. they can be found in the Mongol playlist, where they explore the Mongol history and conquest
Wow! This is my first comment on a Kings and Generals vid. That was one of the one of the most in-depth info on the mongol army and especially the internal organization of the keshik( or known as хэшигтэн). Thank you from a mongolian for your thorough research! Love the podcast by the way!
Actually Chinggis Khan and Qarachar noyan had same ancestor- Bodonchar Munkhag Qarachar noyan was the head of Barlas tribe which later become one of the main tribes of Chagatai Khanate Qarachar noyan’s descendant Timur established Timurid empire And Timur’s descendant Babur established Moghul empire in India.
Interesting fact, most of the Turkish army still uses many of these terms: boluk, ordu, tugay, albay. Also present in the civilian sector: yargitay, danistay, kurultay etc...
@@Singgen You mean Turkish national identy had to be built from the ground up with bits and pieces that left after the overthrown of sultanate? Was it similar with South Korean having to create a new national identity for the legitimate claimant of Old Korea is Pyongyang government and they were not?
@@thanakonpraepanich4284 Well, its not like they built up Turkish identity from zero. It's just the main was Ottoman, I believe. They even changed the language and expelled all non turkic words which where a lot AFAIK. It could be up to 80-90% words of Persian or Arabic origins. But grammatically it was still a Turkic language. But I suppose that's what I meant. And I have zero ideas about South Korean history) One day. I suppose I will get to them.
@sülüman Well, I'm not surprised that 11th century texts are more easier for you. I suppose it was the main source for new Turkish literature standart language. Well, Ottoman "Turkish" is understandable. It was an empire. Unlike with Russian Empire or some other, the majority of subjects weren't just Turks but many other Arabians and Persians as well. And at this point of history the idea of nation haven't yet existed or was developed, I believe. Or at least Ottoman Empire was a product of such times so Turkic identity wasn't the prevailing one given the surroundings. Thanks for clarifying!
I recommend reading or listening to Conn Igguldens series on the mongols, he made 5 books and they were awesome, they are novels but very historically accurate
It's amazing how far along the quality of these videos has come. Not to say that they were "bad" before, but it's just that I am more and more finding myself amazed by the quality of late. Keep it up, my dudes.
Minor misspelling: Mukhali's name is written as Mukhail starting around 8:40. At 11:37, the narrator says "successor of Temur" instead of "ancestor of Temur", the subtitle displays the right word.
I was getting ready to make a sarcastic comment like, "What, you mean they weren't just a disorganized swarm of slavering maniacs who somehow just happened to conquer half the world?" but Kings and Generals literally took on that point at the very start of the video. Well, good on them, I suppose.
The system of 10 ( tümen₺) founded by Metehan Turkish army even takes its establishment from this date you can find 209 bc on logo of army. Turks formed first regular army.
It's interesting to note how similar the Mongols style of discipline was to that of the later Albrecht von Wallenstein's and Gustavus Adolphus' . Brutal punishment for cowardice and disobedience, and excellent rewards for bravery and order. The Carrot and the Stick if you will.
It seems to be one of the world history and war history videos that clearly shows how the world conqueror, the Mongol Empire, was able to become the world's number one army. It is useful for studying world history and war history. For reference, the origin of the 'Samshir', also known as the crescent moon military sword, is a military sword from the Mongol Empire. The Mongol army was the first to use a crescent-shaped military sword. As the Mongol Empire colonized Persia (Iran), the Mongol army's sword naturally spread to Iran and developed into the Samshir. 세계정복자 몽골제국군이 어떻게 세계 1위의 군대가 될수있는지 확실히 잘 알려주는 세계사, 전쟁사 영상들 중 하나인것 같습니다. 세계사, 전쟁사 공부에 유익합니다. 참고로, 세계최강의 군대 몽골제국 기병대에 대한 세계사, 전쟁사 영상 훌륭합니다. 참고로 초승달 도검으로도 유명한 '샴쉬르(시미터)'의 원조가 몽골제국의 군용도검인 만곡도(신월도)이다. 초승달 모양의 도검을 가장 먼저 군용도검으로 사용한게 몽골군이었는데, 몽골제국이 페르시아(이란)을 식민지배하면서 몽골군의 도검인 신월도(만곡도)가 자연스럽게 이란에 퍼져 샴쉬르 등으로 발전하였다.
I think it would be pretty awesome to do a video on the Eastern Roman themata and strategoi and how much of a departure this was from the Diocletian Reforms
I think that his oldest son Zuch build new country before die Chingis khan. Because Zuch had problem with his brothers. Chingis khan didn't want civil war. However Chingis khaan split his empire.
He didn't thought. The splitting of the empire begann after death of Ogedai and failed succession. He was secceeded by Guyuk but Ogedai namd other successor, his favorite grandson. And between succession of Guyuk and death of Ogedai lasted 5 years if I'm not mistaken.
@@Singgen It is only my opinion. It is true Guyg and Khubilai began splitting. But background splitting began before Chingis khaan die. Lot of people didn't know Zuch wasn't Chingis's son. Zuch began splitting. I found some news about Zuch's country.
He had no choice. Jochi the first born was intelligent but was hated by his second brother, was constantly attacked for being allegedly illigitimate and was unpopular to lead the empire. Chagatai was brash, drunkard and Genghis knew if he gave all his power to Jochi then Chagatai was going to start a civil war. Tolui was the most similar to Genghis, was the most amicable to his kin but he didn't have the traits needed to govern a transitioning empire in terms of administration not wonton destruction. So the third brother Ogedei was to be supported by his brothers. But Jochi would never get over being passed over because of the constant questioning of his lineage and Chagatai was angry that because of his feud with Jochi that he was not considered the firstborn. So all in all, it seemed destined for the empire to split.
@@qus.9617 The talk about Jochi is not official. Only his two younger brothers probably discriminated against him from time to time. I think Chingis khaan and Tului weren't dicrimated Zuch. Zuch began splitting. If Zuch didn't split his country Tsagaadai would not angry. I think Ogedei didn't hostility with Zuchi, buh he supports Tsagaadai. Zuch's son Bat is intelligent, because he reunited to main country. But Guyg ended peace.
Hypocrisy of Western Civilization: "Mongols were savage murderers............. How glorious the Roman Empire was and the Empire of Alexander the Great......... Mongols did bad things to the peoples they conquered........ The Vikings were so cool and tough..........."
I didn't think the Mongols were this organized. People usually think that nomadic tribesmen are rogue, uncivilized, and all that stuff. Thanks for the info!
Army facing the mongols: 'Oh look they're running away' Mongols: 'let's give em about 30 seconds before we turn around eh boys?' I'm surprised how many armies fell for the feigned retreat trick, wasn't there even one person who saw a pattern in this lol But honestly the Mongols were a force to be reckoned with, quite sad that commanders like Subutai weren't given the credit they deserve.
@@M15-c9c Unless there are observers that manage to remain alive no lessons could be learnt. Not taking in combat themselves. Their only Job is to observe and record. And sneak away.
@@johnrockwell5834 yeah, or if there were competent generals in charge they'd be able to largely hold their troops and stop them chasing the enemy. Off the top of my head as an example I'd say how Belisarius dealt with the persians at the Battle of Dara. The persians retreated but Belisarius held his troops back and didn't let them go past the ditch to chase the enemy. He also ambushed them. Same type of ambush as the Mamluks did to defeat the Mongols for the first time too I believe if I'm not mistaken.
@Khuslen Enkhtuvshin IT WAS AMAZING. Opening ceremony was beyond my imagination. Unfortunately most local shops/restaurants were closed in UB for holiday. My advice for foreigners would be to book a good tour, as I'm an experienced traveler but definitely had trouble navigating on my own. I REALLY wanted to go back again in 2021 for the centennial! Very nice people and beautiful country.
Comment with a fun topic and win... getting to watch the video on the said fun topic. Historical topic, we won't be doing videos on your favorite anime. By the way, this week our podcast will have an interview with an expert on then Mongol Armies Dr. Timothy May. Subscribe to not miss it: podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/ages-of-conquest-a-kings-and-generals-podcast/id1446527049
Vinland saga!
Jk, but a video on nordic ventures to the west (iceland, greenland, americas) would be great
Could we get a little video covering the Hawian king Kamehameha.
Rise of the Han Dynasty
@@rashmigautam6163 wtf 😂😂😂
Australia before Europeans, if you could find sources, would be cool
The most unlucky position in mongol army: envoys
Why?
@@RIFLQ Everyone kills them for some reason.
I've wondered about that. Every time a Khan wants to attack someone, they kill or mutilate some Mongol envoys. Convenient... on the other hand, why would the frigging Great Khan need to manufacture a cassus belli? Wouldn't the fact that other states exist be excuse enough?
@@robertmiller9735 kwarazamian empire guy killed Genghis' envoys so the mongols could attack him and get tired through a seige then counterattack them and get territory. However he thought they were just typical nomads and got very surprised when they came with Chinese seige engineers. Then he lost his empire and escaped. Then he came back and steam rolled the local population since mongols killed most of them and they decide to keep it. Then after reconquering his old lands the mongols came back and killed him and permanently took the land this time
The mongol envoy had been killed by so many countries/cultures of people that universities would kill for lol
They had a very sophisticated and well designed military system. Impressive.
Well they did pave the way from inventing the first Gun compared to what the Chinese tried so I ain’t too surprised how advanced they are
They didn’t conquer all that land by luck. They had to have certain military advantages in order to beat all those armies, especially since they were usually outnumbered
The story of the Mongols was most astonishing, too bad Chinggis Khan's descendants were perhaps the most short sighted people on earth.
@@DaMartialAthlete yes some certain military advantages is needed.
Military strategy, intelligence, the quality of the army is more better than quantity. For example, 1,000 elite veterans can defend a well fortified fort or castle against a big army for a long time if they had enough supplies and weaponry.
On the field of battle, it mostly depends on the commander and generals when deploying troops and formations. Since on open field one must know that quality and quantity can change the battle just as much as strategies can.
Quality troops (elites, veterans, etc) can be of the vanguard or reserved force, or some generals prefer some hand picked men (elite) to be flanking. Either way the army's core relies on combat experience, supplies of food and equipments.
I may be wrong, but I been playing too much games and watching too much movies.
yes but they did not have anything other than personal loyalty to keep the military system loyal to the great khan.
Believe it or not, as I was listening to your podcast on the death of Mongke Khan today I thought
" You know what would be awesome? If KnG released a video about the Mongols really soon. "
A surprise, yet quite welcome, you made my day bright.
@Juan Vargas R you can find it on Spotify here: open.spotify.com/show/4DlMlUmJQN3Y9pZJVbCdC1?si=gL6ScXJIRsW6jUIsgTXODg
@Juan Vargas R or direct through Kings and Generals website: www.kingsandgenerals.net/podcast/
You had the rightful opportunity to say "a surprise, to be sure, but a welcome one".
@@TheJackmeisterMongolHistory Thanks, but what a bummer spotify isn't available in Mongolia gonna try vpn
@@amarjigjid6515 they're on quite a number of podcast sites... look up "Kings and Generals," or "Ages of Conquest," on any you can think of and there's a good chance you'll find them. If you have no luck I can send you some of the sites and you might be able to find one you can access
The Virgin European King: 24 Bodyguards
The Chad Mongol Khan: 10,000 Bodyguard
Powersettings M Aka the Kheshig
And those 10,000 even were his personal servants O.o
And later on napoleon adopt this 10k body guards
@@qwertybump7056 100,000 actually somehow
@@rocekth yeah but in early napoleon guard was 10k then expanded through time
I see Kings and Generals, I press like.
I see you're a simple man.
A man of class, I must say.
@@rileymeadows7218 Something wrong with being simple?
It's amazing how he's basically the only English person I know that says Chingis/Chinggis instead of Genkhis Khan
Chinggis is the actual mongol pronunciation of the name. Its historically accurate. Genghis was thirdhand pronunciation brought in from marco polo and traders.
My father always pronounced his name as Chingus Khan, I never understood why.
Turks call him Cengiz(Jengiz)
Hey
We Croats call him Džingis which is close enough
Let’s not ignore the fact they had arguably 3 of the greatest generals that ever lived in temujin, subatai and jebei
Muqali was also amazing, undefeated throughout his life. Very underrated.
you are not taking Khalid Bin waleed and Hannibal into your three greatest. Lol
Not to mention they had guns and grenades
Equivalent to Manstein, Guderian and Rommel for greatness
Khalid Subutai was a better general than both of these people anyway,his strategies were so forward thinking that people would only start adopting them hundreds of years later.
Never have been so fast. Love the Mongol history series!
as a Mongolian i want all of you to visit my beautiful country after the pandemic
Great idea (unless if it was a trap and soon will find ourselves encircled by mounted archers) but seriously I've been wondering what happened to the Mongols they were very loud in medieval times but now they are very quiet you rarely hear anything from there, like if they have secretly moved to another planet long ago!
I would like to but its very far away
@@levinng2004 lamas were depraved chinese buddhist worshippers. Communism cleansed our country we thank them for that.
Hey, I saw that movie about the boy and the ping-pong ball!
No offense, but i still hate you after 800 years for burning our "wikipedia" at that time.
Man... I absolutely Love Mongol and Chinese History. Keep it coming crew! I plan to up my contribution on Patreon soon!
We appreciate it!
@@KingsandGenerals more videos please
@@KingsandGenerals Привет и Скажи мне Был Крестовый поход на Монголию🇲🇳⚔🇵🇹✝️
I find Mongol history fascinating but I know a lot less than I'd like! Thanks for the video!
@GoodGirlKate yes!
aw man there is so much about the mongols that we know, and so much just shrouded in mystery.. mongols didn't write much lol so most of what we know is through otuside accounts of the time, or through archaeological finds ect.
Love the channel man!
Better than Dan Carlin, you can check out Kings and Generals' own podcast series on the Mongols. It's much more in depth!
Spotify: open.spotify.com/show/4DlMlUmJQN3Y9pZJVbCdC1?si=ADmPKL64R1WhpYvaYKdX_Q
Kings and Generals website: www.kingsandgenerals.net/podcast/
Basically you like the world's greatest war atrocities minus the 20th century
Perhaps the most admirable trait of the Mongol Army is their constant willingness to adapt new tactics and technology to compensate for the limitations of their style of steppe warfare. They were so adaptive that they usually "go native" with the peoples they conquer.
as a Mongolian, truly loved your contents! Keep up the great work!
Here are the literal translation of terms shown here, and their modern versions. I put correct old terms in a bracket
Bara'un-qar - Baruun gar - Right hand ( or wing )
Jun-qar - Zuun gar - Left hand ( or wing )
Ordu - Ord - Tent or Palace ( High command)
Arban - Arvan - Ten ( Unit designation)
Jagun (Jigun) - Zuun - Hundred ( Unit designation)
Minggan - Myangan - Thousand (Unit designation)
Tumen - Arvan Myangan - Ten Thousand (Tumen is not used a lot in modern Mongolian)
Kheshig - Khishig - Gift or Favor
Khevtuul - Khevtuul - The ones who are lying down (Night guards)
Turaqut (Torguud) - Torgon Tsereg - Silks or The ones who wear silk
Bahadur (Bagatur) - Baatar - Hero or Brave one
Qorchi (Khorchi) - Khorchin - Bow maker or bearer (archaic word)
There are currently multiple Mongolian clans who bear military names such as Tumed, Torguud, Khorchin, Myangad
Is there a standard for Mongolian English transliteration? I read a bit on Mongolian history and encountered the terms presented in this video, but each book I read spells the terms differently. Could it be due to pronounciation shift from Middle Mongolian to Modern Mongolian; or simply due to different transliteration system?
For instance, is it "Khatangku Dehel" or "Hatangu Deel"?
It is due to modern mongolian dropping g between vowels in favor of double vowels and lack of distinction between (o,u), (ts, ch) and (ö, ü). Last but not least latin alphabet lacks necessary letters to make proper sound. For example хаган or хаан means king could be written khagan, khaghan, qagan, etc.
@@jackusall modern khalkha mongolian（mongolia‘s mongolian） is heavily influenced by tibetans after they converted to tibetan buddhism in late 17th，they borrowed Consonant like ts tz to mongolian oral language
Correction: Arvan - Aravt
Zuun- Zuut
Myangan - Myangat
Tumen- Tumt
That's how we mongolian count army correctly.
1999 Amy Wrong. All the pronunciation is established from ancient mongol words. Nowadays most of them has been changed little bit b little bit due to time flows.
Only reason to join keshik was to not join the redshirt envoys.
That emissary position seemed to be just as dangerous as fighting on the front lines.
@@gerardrbain1972 I guess the death penalty in mongolia was to join them on a diplomatic mission.
It's kinda ironic how today bureaucrats vie for the cushy job of a diplomatic envoy, backstabbing each other for the privilege.
I've said it before, I'll say it again now, and I'm sure I'll say it many times more in the future: Kings and Generals is _the _*_GREATEST_* channel on TH-cam, period end of story. Some of the best and most in depth information presented in an interesting way; and incomparably beautiful graphic work.
Well done and keep it up!!!
Kings and Generals: Upload anything about Mongols
Me: I’M IN!
Even today, in Hindi, Bangla, and Urdu and other south Asian languages for almost 2 billion people, the word "Bahadur" means someone who is brave and capable. Even some modern military honors here has the word "bahadur" in it.
Also "Bogatyr" in Russian. Funnily enough, one of the major pastimes of bogatyrs in Russian legends is fighting *against* various steppe nomads and especially Mongols. :-) Though to be fair, the word was apparently adopted into Russian from Turkic tribes centuries before the Mongolian invasion.
It’s a Turkic origin name. Means brave, hero, warrior. Its quite popular name in cantral asia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey.
Since Gengiz khan’s army had more Turkic soldiers and Turkic language & names also spread widely.
@@1212-m6b It’s a Mongol word you Anatolian kurdish/greek blood mutt. These words are from the original Hunnu empire also called as the Xiongnu. They were Mongolic speakers just like the Rouran Khanate.
@@Mongol1232 🦃🇲🇳🎪
Europe: *hears mongol throat singing in the distance*
+Napoleon I Bonaparte *Laughs in Japanese*
@@Eagle57-n6e Western Europe: hears islamic prayers and african chants in the distance
2garin
Holy Roman Empire and Malta: *Pillar Men Theme Awaken*
Right now, when I think of Mongolian throat singing, I wanna meditate. But back in those days, that would be like a 60s American soldier hearing the trees speak Vietnamese or a 1939-40 Soviet soldier hearing the snow speak Finnish.
@@thedoruk6324 they have taken revenge some years before the 2nd world wars in a battle near the manchoury: the battle of Khalkhin Gol
Spoilers the japanese were humiliated by them
Special props to you for pronouncing Gengis Khan correctly. It soothes my soul!
Mongols speciality : *Extended usage of catalyst biological weaponry*
@GoodGirlKate human nature of corruption of established organizations predates all else
Unless they used cheat code
Mongol downfall: Jin Sakai
@GoodGirlKate even the court was based on meritocracy and it allowed non mongols to the ministrial position and when they betrayed the yuan empire fell
It's incredible to see Mongolian leader to create one of the greatest unit army on history. More effective and efficient make mongol empire can conquer so many land. Thanks for genghis khan and also subutei and jebei
My favourite part of history - Mongol Empire. It always amazes me that they were conquering countries like Poland and Japan in almost same time (thousands of miles difference)
@@levinng2004 That's a great point.
North Lord: very true. It's hard to envision this when you look at Mongolia today, which ranks 105 out of 138 countries in military power, but in the 12th century, Mongolia was the TOP DOG empire without a doubt.
I specialise in islamic empires and my favorites are ottomans and I wonder what would happen if ottomans never lost at Vienna and kf suleyman never killed mustafa as he thought he was threatign to kill him
They never conquered Japan, though? They got routed twice.
@Ad me im from England but I have bengali Indian and Kazakhstan blood
Computers: we need to model our voice on humans so they can understand us
Officially Devin: hold my vocal cords
My voice is indeed modelled on humans. A mistake I won't make again.
@@OfficiallyDevin 10010001100111000
Explains how Chinggis Khan was able to run such a massive empire. He really understood how to establish stability through discipline and a sense of unity.
Discipline and obedience is already a steppe tradition, likewise for Turks who migrated to dealers, there is a saying that Emir cuts the iron.
İron> demir(turkish)
delegation of power is the way to get more power... see how he granted engagement autonomy to even his foot soldiers
They also had The Hu like bands in the army to lift the spirits.
I feel like this channel is always putting a video out on the topic I’m on. I just finished hardcore history of the mongols and then this comes out the same hour.
More mongol stuff pls!
Anyone ever listen to Dan Carlin’s Hardcore History mongol series? Just fantastic
mikeus69 it's not on TH-cam anymore where can I find it
@@Hope-Truth-Light Can torrent it. It has all his hardcore history archives.
Yeah sorry guyz I guess he charges a couple bucks for his older stuff now. I’ve had it for a while. Worth it tho...
Oh and yeah I am Jacks pastel avatar...
Yea that was dope
Indeed Genghis aka temujin was a genius of his time.... Made a formidable army from a nearly no where place. Magnificent great khan.👍
Amazing the Bodyguard is so loyal to Genghis Khan in contrast to the Roman Praetorian Guard to Roman Emperors.
That was one leader, Praetorian oversaw generations. Give the Mongol bodyguards time they would've devolved into the same opportunist behavior.
Some of the royal guards might have been even childhood friends with the khan and princess because they were sons of generals and captains who most likely lived very close with the khans ger.
@@zackosborn1731 Then again the praetoerians also started their habit of killing emperors with the third emperor already
@@JasonDoe1000
Yeah shame the Emperor's didn't do a Praetorian Purge ASAP.
@@BLODADA
Yeah Praetorians not being childhood friends with the Emperor may play a role too.
Mukhali was the 1st non-biological King"Taychi" nominated by Genghis himself, he was a slave under the Jurkin, a clan within Khamag confederacy beside Khiyat "RouRan survivors saved from Gökturks by geese chirping" (royal family) & Taychiud, he was Genghis's 1st bodyguard before Jebe(arrow)
Kawabata A “Nucker” maybe
Mongol History is very interesting.
Can we not ignore genghis khan arguably invented insurance by compensating the dead soldiers family
The Mongols are really ruthless to their enemy but kind to their people and subject.
The modern army divisions were inspired by the mongolian army structure
Fantastic video, I didn't know I needed to start understanding the actual composition and structure of the great Mongolian Army, but here we are: enjoying and marveled by it. Thanks guys! As always, OfficiallyDevin narration ties it up just nicely.
Wow I'm so early, I can hear Mongol archer shouting "dosho"
Hahaha
Damn, that’s not the roll button!
Fuck! They brought fire archers!
It means “down”
Fascinating to see the central asian military words are still existing todays turkish military language
cause many mongolian words originated from turkish
@@rusmn12 doubt
@@ls200076 We would never truly know which was the closest (came from which language group) because there was never a linguistic scholar(s) within Turkic or Mongolic civilisations throughout history that wrote papers throughout the centuries on the subect so that modern scholars were able to find the root of the source unlike the Rime table. But what we do know is that the Xiongnu were the first steppes confederacy to organise their military in a decimal system. And both Turkish and Mongolian historians cite Chinese historiography sources on the matter. Mongolian historians argue that Xiongnu were proto-Mongol. Turkish argue otherwise. Western historians tend to argue a mix of languages and groups composing the Xiongnu. Scant writing and written form of what the Xiongnu spoke remains.
@@rusmn12 they both have the same origins
Mongol dicipline was upmost level. Even chengis khan give death order to his grandson who didnt listen his commander(probably low born). Other generals made a lot of effort to change his mind.
Every army should know there's no such thing as royal or family relationships when being in the army.
If you seen Three kingdoms 2010 a tv show, I forgot which episode it was ..
The grand commander (highest rank in the army of three kingdoms era)
Said to his son "There's no family relationships when your in the army"
Because once in the army you must follow military laws which were of course strict.
@@koreancowboy42 Of course, I agree with you
@@koreancowboy42 that depends on what era or what type of army. Just look at medieval army in europe.
@@chandy3859 They were no match for the proper armies of that time.
As a south east asian i want to know more about the mongol attacks on any of the SEA kingdoms. or maybe any other SEA battles/conquests will do good for me :) i'm your fan from Malaysia btw.
I think they invaded Vietnam.
@@lololman if that's true, I would like to learn about it!
@@GUTZ420 KnG does have some videos on the Mongol invasion of Vietnam. they can be found in the Mongol playlist, where they explore the Mongol history and conquest
The Javanese destroy Mongols Armada
@@Redraptor0001 thanks man!
the background music give me PTSD of Chingis Khan sending a bunch of battleship and submarine to beat up my tundra oil city
Thank you for more Mongol content. Can't get enough.
Wow! This is my first comment on a Kings and Generals vid. That was one of the one of the most in-depth info on the mongol army and especially the internal organization of the keshik( or known as хэшигтэн). Thank you from a mongolian for your thorough research! Love the podcast by the way!
Actually Chinggis Khan and Qarachar noyan had same ancestor- Bodonchar Munkhag
Qarachar noyan was the head of Barlas tribe which later become one of the main tribes of Chagatai Khanate
Qarachar noyan’s descendant Timur established Timurid empire
And Timur’s descendant Babur established Moghul empire in India.
That is very
@@ayanbeig4969 true
Structure of the Mongol Army:
The Khan: Spam horse archers
Lt: Sir..but..
The Khan: SPAM HORSE ARCHERS. JUST DO IT.
Literally one of Best strat on Stronghold Crusaders game
@@onestar8796 I see, you are a man of culture aswell.
@@onestar8796 hundreds of horse archers, make them patrol your enemy's castle. Easy game once you make your siege weaponry.
Are you considering to do the structure of the Ottoman army? That would be great considering how many videos on Ottoman wars you've made so far.
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The Kings and Generals Podcast is beyond amazing! In love with it.
The mongols were 500 years ahead of everyone in military organization and tactics
Man we need a game about the mongols
Interesting fact, most of the Turkish army still uses many of these terms: boluk, ordu, tugay, albay. Also present in the civilian sector: yargitay, danistay, kurultay etc...
But was it used during Ottoman times or it was created after Turks started to coin new identity?
@@Singgen
You mean Turkish national identy had to be built from the ground up with bits and pieces that left after the overthrown of sultanate?
Was it similar with South Korean having to create a new national identity for the legitimate claimant of Old Korea is Pyongyang government and they were not?
@@thanakonpraepanich4284 Well, its not like they built up Turkish identity from zero. It's just the main was Ottoman, I believe. They even changed the language and expelled all non turkic words which where a lot AFAIK. It could be up to 80-90% words of Persian or Arabic origins. But grammatically it was still a Turkic language.
But I suppose that's what I meant.
And I have zero ideas about South Korean history) One day. I suppose I will get to them.
Yes, because the words are turkish.
@sülüman Well, I'm not surprised that 11th century texts are more easier for you. I suppose it was the main source for new Turkish literature standart language.
Well, Ottoman "Turkish" is understandable. It was an empire. Unlike with Russian Empire or some other, the majority of subjects weren't just Turks but many other Arabians and Persians as well.
And at this point of history the idea of nation haven't yet existed or was developed, I believe. Or at least Ottoman Empire was a product of such times so Turkic identity wasn't the prevailing one given the surroundings.
Thanks for clarifying!
Goshh, probably the best video I have ever watched in this channel. Such an amazing video.
I like how the most barbaric force known through history is probably the most sophisticated and strategic army
this is among the best top documentary about mongol's empire. Well done.
Great documentary - I shared with you my translation for this video. hope this contribution gets your high expectation. best regards.
Thanks for making all these videos, absolutely love the ancient nation origins and battles content. Keep it up!
I recommend reading or listening to Conn Igguldens series on the mongols, he made 5 books and they were awesome, they are novels but very
historically accurate
Brilliant clip. Very informative and well presented.
This Is The Best Channel In TH-cam Ever Am So Glad I Found You 😍❤️
It's amazing how far along the quality of these videos has come. Not to say that they were "bad" before, but it's just that I am more and more finding myself amazed by the quality of late. Keep it up, my dudes.
Awesome video. It was so informative about the Mongol Army. I loved it. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Absolutely stoked to learn more, thank you very much!
Love Mongol history....
Please make an unbiased video on Indian Mutiny of 1857...
Minor misspelling: Mukhali's name is written as Mukhail starting around 8:40.
At 11:37, the narrator says "successor of Temur" instead of "ancestor of Temur", the subtitle displays the right word.
I was getting ready to make a sarcastic comment like, "What, you mean they weren't just a disorganized swarm of slavering maniacs who somehow just happened to conquer half the world?" but Kings and Generals literally took on that point at the very start of the video.
Well, good on them, I suppose.
I've done some research of the Mongolian invasion of Eastern Europe for a story I'm writing for fun, and it's all so interesting to me.
Tümen is meaning "division" in turkish and ordu is "army"
Ordu means camp/campaign in modern Persian.
mehsen it comes from the turkic language it is not persian
The system of 10 ( tümen₺) founded by Metehan Turkish army even takes its establishment from this date you can find 209 bc on logo of army. Turks formed first regular army.
@@mohsend72 we mongolians also borrowed many words from persians，like bolor/steel sandil/chair
@@muzafferbulut8933 I know. I meant to say it's now a borrowed word in Persian.
Kings and Generals, great video!💯🙏👐
Very well crafted, trained, stationed, positioned, And organized more times then they would not be
Was expecting of the The HU music to be used.
Thank you “king and generals” good
I'm a simple guy.
I see Mongols, I click.
It's interesting to note how similar the Mongols style of discipline was to that of the later Albrecht von Wallenstein's and Gustavus Adolphus' . Brutal punishment for cowardice and disobedience, and excellent rewards for bravery and order. The Carrot and the Stick if you will.
it is even more, german blitz krieg tactic was inspired by mongols too
It seems to be one of the world history and war history videos that clearly shows how the world conqueror, the Mongol Empire, was able to become the world's number one army. It is useful for studying world history and war history. For reference, the origin of the 'Samshir', also known as the crescent moon military sword, is a military sword from the Mongol Empire. The Mongol army was the first to use a crescent-shaped military sword. As the Mongol Empire colonized Persia (Iran), the Mongol army's sword naturally spread to Iran and developed into the Samshir.
세계정복자 몽골제국군이 어떻게 세계 1위의 군대가 될수있는지 확실히 잘 알려주는 세계사, 전쟁사 영상들 중 하나인것 같습니다. 세계사, 전쟁사 공부에 유익합니다. 참고로, 세계최강의 군대 몽골제국 기병대에 대한 세계사, 전쟁사 영상 훌륭합니다.
참고로 초승달 도검으로도 유명한 '샴쉬르(시미터)'의 원조가 몽골제국의 군용도검인 만곡도(신월도)이다. 초승달 모양의 도검을 가장 먼저 군용도검으로 사용한게 몽골군이었는데, 몽골제국이 페르시아(이란)을 식민지배하면서 몽골군의 도검인 신월도(만곡도)가 자연스럽게 이란에 퍼져 샴쉬르 등으로 발전하였다.
Subutai was a god of war.
Yun Leung Jelme, his elder bro is less well known
Unlive TheSystem HA!
I think it would be pretty awesome to do a video on the Eastern Roman themata and strategoi and how much of a departure this was from the Diocletian Reforms
If Genghis hadn't split his empire among his sons, the Mongol could have survived a lot longer.
I think that his oldest son Zuch build new country before die Chingis khan. Because Zuch had problem with his brothers. Chingis khan didn't want civil war. However Chingis khaan split his empire.
He didn't thought. The splitting of the empire begann after death of Ogedai and failed succession. He was secceeded by Guyuk but Ogedai namd other successor, his favorite grandson. And between succession of Guyuk and death of Ogedai lasted 5 years if I'm not mistaken.
@@Singgen It is only my opinion. It is true Guyg and Khubilai began splitting. But background splitting began before Chingis khaan die. Lot of people didn't know Zuch wasn't Chingis's son. Zuch began splitting. I found some news about Zuch's country.
He had no choice. Jochi the first born was intelligent but was hated by his second brother, was constantly attacked for being allegedly illigitimate and was unpopular to lead the empire. Chagatai was brash, drunkard and Genghis knew if he gave all his power to Jochi then Chagatai was going to start a civil war. Tolui was the most similar to Genghis, was the most amicable to his kin but he didn't have the traits needed to govern a transitioning empire in terms of administration not wonton destruction. So the third brother Ogedei was to be supported by his brothers. But Jochi would never get over being passed over because of the constant questioning of his lineage and Chagatai was angry that because of his feud with Jochi that he was not considered the firstborn. So all in all, it seemed destined for the empire to split.
@@qus.9617 The talk about Jochi is not official. Only his two younger brothers probably discriminated against him from time to time. I think Chingis khaan and Tului weren't dicrimated Zuch. Zuch began splitting. If Zuch didn't split his country Tsagaadai would not angry. I think Ogedei didn't hostility with Zuchi, buh he supports Tsagaadai. Zuch's son Bat is intelligent, because he reunited to main country. But Guyg ended peace.
Thank you for another great video. It's so informative and accurate as always.
Genghis Khan was able to create such a vast empire using mainly the bow and horse, and of course tactics. Another great video kings thanks
I wish this channel existed back in my high school days, would've helped me pass my history exams lol
If Genghis Can't, No one Khan.
Lol
Good one!
ginghiz couldn't conquer Afghanistan. so could nobody else
@@zizouace4890 Hulagu Khan destroyed assasins. Maybe to conquer Afghanistan was useless.
Bastard
I always like the video on this channel before watching it
Mongols: you are now my property
Everyone else: no
Mongols: *this video*
everyone else: ok nvm
*laughs in Saif ad-Din Qutuz*
Hypocrisy of Western Civilization: "Mongols were savage murderers............. How glorious the Roman Empire was and the Empire of Alexander the Great......... Mongols did bad things to the peoples they conquered........ The Vikings were so cool and tough..........."
Yonis Hassan bruh... he is being sarcastic
Michael Ataturk some people just dont seem to realize that different times carry different mind sets...
Unubold Battogoo Shit I just noticed thanks 😂
This is awesomely made! \o/ Subbed! Also World Anvil is great.
I would love a video about the Crimean Tatars ^^
I really like how you use special effects to highlight key points.
I didn't think the Mongols were this organized. People usually think that nomadic tribesmen are rogue, uncivilized, and all that stuff. Thanks for the info!
Only this level of organization can bring success since they were never greater in numbers than their enemies
That was propaganda created by butthurt people who were conquered lol the mongols could have never have succeeded if they weren't this sophisticated
Think of them as current date America.
This is the earliest ive been for anything.
This is why Temujin is the greatest reformer.
This makes me want to read Conn Igguldens series on Genghis Khan again.
Army facing the mongols: 'Oh look they're running away'
Mongols: 'let's give em about 30 seconds before we turn around eh boys?'
I'm surprised how many armies fell for the feigned retreat trick, wasn't there even one person who saw a pattern in this lol
But honestly the Mongols were a force to be reckoned with, quite sad that commanders like Subutai weren't given the credit they deserve.
It was probably too late to learn because they would all be dead lol.
@@johnrockwell5834 lool true, but surely someone with common sense could've seen a pattern forming here.
@@M15-c9c
Unless there are observers that manage to remain alive no lessons could be learnt.
Not taking in combat themselves. Their only Job is to observe and record. And sneak away.
@@johnrockwell5834 yeah, or if there were competent generals in charge they'd be able to largely hold their troops and stop them chasing the enemy. Off the top of my head as an example I'd say how Belisarius dealt with the persians at the Battle of Dara.
The persians retreated but Belisarius held his troops back and didn't let them go past the ditch to chase the enemy.
He also ambushed them.
Same type of ambush as the Mamluks did to defeat the Mongols for the first time too I believe if I'm not mistaken.
@@M15-c9c
Belisarius is unfortunately rare. Armies need to be able to learn without relying to much on such excellent Men.
There is so so much to learn about the Mongols
I humbly request a documentary on Sino-Burmese wars which took place in 1760s,, ........ a very forgotten conflict to many in my country
Looking at the number of views and subscribers, I feel "Kings and Generals" is one of the most underrated channel on TH-cam.
When will be next episode of ottoman wars? I hope soon, it is my favourite series on this channel.
WOW this is SO good! I've learned about Mongolia for over a decade and even celebrated Naadam there, but had never heard much of this info.
@Khuslen Enkhtuvshin IT WAS AMAZING. Opening ceremony was beyond my imagination. Unfortunately most local shops/restaurants were closed in UB for holiday. My advice for foreigners would be to book a good tour, as I'm an experienced traveler but definitely had trouble navigating on my own. I REALLY wanted to go back again in 2021 for the centennial! Very nice people and beautiful country.
Virgin Ruses, Norses, Crusaders vs Chad Tatar-Mongols.
Until the invention of firearms.
Wtf Mongols never fight crusaders
@ In Russia ?
@dfdsf sdadad More Like Mongol army and their subjugate by force people, my Indian-pakistani that think is a Turk friend
Dear King and Kheneral, Thanks alot for the english CC
Among the Civ5 soundtrack music, my favourite is the two Mongol themes.
Civ6 music is good as well, the intro of this video have the Mongol Industrial Era song.
The Nirun Mongols included the following tribes: Adarkin, Artakan, Arulat, Baarin, Barlas, Borjigin, Bugunut, Budaat, Belgunut, Besut, Geniges, Jadaran, Joureid, Dzhurkin, Duglat, Durben, Kilingut (incl. Kilingut-Tarkhan) , Kingiyat, Kiyat, Kunjin, Mangut, Nir-khoyin, Noyokhon, Oronar, Saljiut, Sijiut, Sukan, Sukanut, Sunit, Tayzhiut, Ujiet, Urut, Khabturkhas, Khatagin, Khonkhotan, Chanshiut, Chonos, Yasar, etc. Darlekin group Mongols consisted of such tribes as Arulat[19], Bayat, Bugunut[20], Belgunut[20], Gorlos, Jalair, Ikires, Ildurkin, Kilingut[19] (including Kilingut-Tarkhan[19]), Kingit (Geniges)[ 19], kunjin[19], kunkliut, nokhos, olkhonut, suldus, uryankhai, uryaut (oronar)[19], ushin, haranut, khongirat, khonkhotan[19], eljigin, etc.
The empire of Genghis Khan included not only the indigenous Mongols, but also all the other Mongol-speaking tribes of the region: Bargut, Bekrin, Bulagachin, Dzhungurkin, Karakitai, Kereit, Kurlaut, Kem-Kemdzhiut, Kushtemi, Keremuchin, Merkit, Naiman, Oirat, Ongut, Sakait, Tangut, Tatars, Telengut, Tulas, Uymakut, Urasut, Khoyin-Irgen, Khoyin-Urianka, Khori-Tumat (Khori and Tumat), etc.