Why is the RUDDER SPLIT? Explained by CAPTAIN JOE
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Dear friends and followers, welcome back to my channel and to a great video about the split rudder you see on most wide-body aeroplanes.
The primary flight controls such as the ailerons, elevator and rudder are hydraulically powered. In case of the Boeing 747 which has four independent hydraulic systems, 1, 2,3 and 4 are each powered and pressurized by its respective engine. Now if we look at this schematic, you see that tail fin rudder or vertical stabilizer is split into the upper and lower rudder. The upper rudder is deflected to either side by three actuators, two of them powered by hydraulic system number three and one by system number one. The lower rudder comes with two actuators one powered by system number two and the other by system number four.
As you apply force into the rudder pedals to either side, both the upper and lower rudder will be deflected simultaneously towards the given input.
The slower you fly the more deflection you need of the rudder to have an effect and the faster you fly, the less deflection you need.
So for example, as she comes in for landing, if the pilot applies full left or right rudder, it will go to the maximum deflection of 31.5 degrees, which sometimes can be necessary in strong crosswind conditions. During cruise or speeds higher than 350 knots, with the same amount of input into the pedals, the rudder will only deflect 5 degrees and less to either side.
But as an airline pilot, you always expect the same reply of your plane, no matter the speed. Therefore, airplane engineers have fitted the flight control system with a so-called rudder ratio changer. The general purpose of the rudder ratio changer is to gradually reduce the surface deflection of the rudder by the pedals with increasing airspeed. Please do not mistake this with the yaw damper, that´s a whole other system.
But see more in the video!
Thank you very much for your time! I hope you enjoy this video!
Wishing you all the best!
Your "Captain" Joe
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The upper A380 rudder is not active in high speed, it`s only needed on low speed/approach. It has a mechanical device that pushes it always to the right when no hydraulic power on ground. In flight this mechanical force to the right is counteracted by hydraulic pressure keeping the rudder in the midlle and eliminating fluctuations. Both rudders are also limited in travel range as the speed gets higher.
So the upper rudder is held mechanically to right on ground due to mechanical force and the lower can be moved by wind to any direction. But it is damped by the internal hydraulic.
Why would Airbus want the rudder to default to the right when there is no power? Wouldn't centering the rudder be better in a situation where power is lost?
@@wecsam
The rudder is most of the time inactive. It has 2 x hydraulic and 2 x electric backup. In the unlikely event all is lost it will be centred by the airflow when flying.
When you centre the rudder with hydraulic power it will micro-oscillate. All aírcraft have this problem. But on the A380 because of the giant size of the rudder you would feel it and it would do stress on structure. With the mechanical preload the hydraulic will centre it perfectly without oscillating.
@@wecsam because right turns are legal but left turns on red are a ticket.
@@RFHeimi Awesome explanation, thanks! Do you know what is the "mechanical device" being used? From the video at 4:05 it looks like it is maybe spring loaded and the wind is blowing in from the right of the screen? Seems kinda weak (blowing in the wind) to be a pre-load against hydraulic system? Although I guess maybe any force enough to cause a pressure imbalance in the hydraulic circuits would be enough? Also (you seem to know your A380's...) how does this speed balance multiple actuators across multiple independent systems, attached to the same rudder section?? That feels like a whole other can of worms...
@@Buchaven959 Yes it`s a kind of spring, buts it`s not weak. You can'`t push it by hand. In the video it deflects because the wind is blowing somewhat fast and don`t forget the surface it`s acting on. And yes, it`s just enough force for a preload to the hydraulic on one side of the actuator. And each Rudder has just 2 actuators, and only 1 is active at a time, while the other is in "damping" mode. If the hydraulic part fails the electrical takes over, which is built-in. So 1 actuator with 2 systems inside. So 2 x 2 per rudder but only 1 active at a time, others standby. Makes a total of 4 Actuators for both rudders but with double backup (8). Was that your question? Google for A380 rudder, or "EBHA"
that’s me on the front of that yacht! 1:58 what the hell? We made that video at work as an instructional piece glad you found it useful for something
@Eric Wood Oddly enough, people might use a picture from a different day as their profile picture on TH-cam as they did when making an instructional video on a yacht.
@@AbsoluteTVYT woah that's weird information I didn't think people actually did thanks for telling me
That's insane coincidence. The world really is small
Lol small man syndrome you have to call a little turd like that a yacht.
@@AbsoluteTVYT Oh my god... Thats rocket science!!! Damn.
Tomorrow’s my first day of flight school! I’m both nervous and excited!Pray for me 😂
Thank you all for your positive comments and advice! I had a great first lesson and am looking forward to acquiring new skills. I recognize that it’s going to require a lot of hard work and dedication, but becoming a professional pilot continues to be the dream :)
Lizette Gallegos Good luck and relax! You’ll do great!
There an app called mentour avation full of avaition enthusiast, pilots in training and pilots. I hope this help
All the best
Goodluck... Stay focused and enjoy what you're doing
Awesome!
Beardless Joe: Level 1 Cadet
Bearded Joe: Level 100 Mafia Airlines Senior Captain
IMMA MAKE YOU PUMP that hydraulic system LIKE THAT
I’m you’re 400th liker I’ll take a roblox gift card
WOW, long time, Happy you´re Back.
You're it's kinda confusing but I'm sure soon you can get it right
*you're back.
@@walaba7038 thanks for correcting me my dudes, lmao
I was scared he was flying the 737 max
can you please make an in-depth video about talking to controllers (whether it be ground or air). So the structure of talking, what everything means, why it's important etc. Thanks!
jack You can watch Aviation’s Pro Phraseology Guide for Europe using P3D
That's why he was gone so long, he just had to grow out the facial hair to look good.😂 lmao
Hahahahahshehehehehehehahahhahajssssksksksksksk
Lmao
I thought he was going to do some advertisement for Dollar shave club
What is lmao..?
@@epiccars5440 it's "laugh my ass off" as i know
The space shuttle also had a really cool vertically split rudder doubling as an airbrake.
Gonun that’s what the a380 does as well
@@glorious_help cool, didn't know that
GLR I don’t know about that but okay
@@glorious_help uhhh yea, no.
The A-10 has speedbrakes into ailerons too
What I saw changing.
Facial Hair, Watch, Pen in the shirt pocket.
Soul patch captain Joe
Hi Joe,
I met you today at the Pilot's career fare (having watched your videos for a while now) in Heathrow Airport with my mum and dad (we were the first people you spoke to) I just wanted to say thank you for all the advice you were able to give me as well as being such a nice guy.
From Alex Godfrey (hopefully a future pilot)
You are the best teacher Cap. Joe❤️
He, and Mentour and Dutch Pilot Girl.
Yea
Second best, mentor pilot takes the cake
Me: *immediately recognizes Footage of Northwest 85 recreated by National Geographic*
*So you say?*
I think that’s Smithsonian Air Disaster footage
TheSharkyTalkie nope it’s not 😂
It’s Damzy bruh it is
TheSharkyTalkie look at the clip it has a channel logo on the side 😑
Fun fact: The 747-400 flying the Northwest flight 85 (N661US), was the first ever Boeing 747-400 ever built. And the same aircraft is currently preserved at Delta Flight Museum at Atlanta, with people allowed to enter and see it from the inside.
Maybe not for you but for people else where it is fun.
I was in Atlanta and toured N661US. Excellent exhibit! They have a sign in the cabin area with details on Northwest 85.
I should have scrolled further down here in he comments. I just repeated this same fact 😂 I have experienced the exhibit inside and out. Really cool!
It's obvious that the lower rudder hardover thing is caused by testing as it was the 1st 747-400 built and so was the test aircraft of the series...
And why the heck am I saying the same things you said earlier in this comment. This is wierd.
I find your explanations very easy to follow. I’m glad to see you’re back! 😊✈️
Where have you been joe?? I've missed you I need more aircraft knowledge your awesome keep making awesome vids once every Thursday
I'm obsessed with aircraft. When I was a teenager I started building model airplanes, mostly airliners and cargo planes, a hobby I returned too a few years ago. And all the while I wondered what the split rudder was about. Today, after 30 years or so, Captain Joe answered that question for me! Thank you Joe!! 😉👍
Thanks for simplifying a complex subject once again Joe, you always make the videos very interesting and informative. I'm always inspired by your skills and abilities and I always try to take notes from you and your progression in life and apply them to myself. You're a life changer, thank you.
Watched a tonne of pilots on youtube; commercial ones that are still flying are my favourite and this guy is by far the best. I find myself always coming back to Captain Joe's content. Initially found his channel because of autoplay going off course from ATC videos and then his interview with Kennedy Steve and I was hooked from there. Thank you so much, Captain, for your hard work and great videos.
I am going to admit that one of my favorite hobbies is reading NTSB reports. This video is the first time anyone ever recommended that I read one! If I could go back and do it again perhaps I would have had a career in investigations.
The 747 mentioned in the Northwest Airlines incident in the video was the first production 747-400 off the production line and went into service with Northwest Airlines. Delta Airlines inherited the plane when the merger with Northwest was complete. It went on to serve with Delta for several more years before being retired and is currently on display at the Delta Airlines museum in Hapeville, Georgia which is a suburb of Atlanta!
Welcome back captain. Missed the 'dear friends and followers' opening slogan. It switches my brain to aviation lesson mode😊😊
I just happen to have a 737-400 operations manual sitting here. There are hydraulic system A, system B, a standby system, and a power transfer unit.
"A" is powered by a pump in engine one plus an electric pump powered by the generator in engine two; "B" is just the reverse. The standby system is powered by an electric pump which can get power from either engine or the APU. The rudder can be used with any of the three systems. This manual does not have component details on the actuator arrangement in the rudder, so I do not know if one system could power all actuators or if the A and B systems each have dedicated actuators. Standby is normally off, selecting the standby system will replace either A or B.(two switches; switch A can be ON OFF or STBY and switch B has the same)
I think the reason why the A380's rudder can be pointed two ways is if the wind is coming from the back, the rudder might split and they would be pointed in opposite directions. Please correct me if I'm wrong.
From the FCOM1: The rudder system shearouts and override mechanisms allow the upper or lower
rudder to be controlled if the other rudder is jammed downstream of the rudder ratio
changer and a significant manual force is applied to the rudder pedals. A secondary
linkage allows full control of both rudder surfaces in case of a primary linkage
disconnect.
Its not about redundancy, its about being able to separate the rudders in the event of a jam. As per NW085.
Your videos simply deserve a like due to the quality , professionalism and effort you put into them
ps. keep it up
Surprised you are not on 1 million already! Luv yr work
On the thumbnail it looked like the arrow was pointing to the korean airlines logo and i thought "well yeah, north and south korea lmao"
Captain Joe, you put so much work in your videos. Very Professional. It’s appreciated, just want to put this out there.
Our captain's back ! Happy to see you again ✈💙
I've performed rudder hinge inspections & maintenance & most people would be amazed at how large these components are.
Really interesting bit about the B2!
Great to have you back Captain Joe!
Keep up the good work!
Good to have you back here, Joe!😊
hey Joe, have you ever been in an emergency situation?
Love you and your channel so much ! I am storekeeper for a line maintenance company, we are working on A319s, so I recognise a lot of parts that I receive and send to repair in your videos ;) thanks !
Welcome back Cap. Joe!
Any word about recent MAX 8 events?
They released the preliminary report for the Ethiopian crash. Not to go native on captain joe, but Mentour Pilot has an app we’re you can talk directly to him, other pilots and engineers, some of which work for beings. That’s probably the best inside info you can get.
@@chazzeiler9753
Yup, I do know that, as I'm also following Mentour. Those two guys, Cap. Joe and Mentour, set the reference when it comes to aviation content on TH-cam.
Never the less, I still want an insight coming from Cap. Joe regarding this hole MAX 8 situation.
For sure, I totally understand that. It’s kind of scary how the media can hype up accidents when there’s a vast amount of knowledge out there.
Alin-Constantin Paun I sure do agree with you on Captain Joe and Mentour. I found Juan Browne to be excellent also. You might give him a look.
@@chazzeiler9753 Preliminary report seems to indicate Ethiopian pilots did crash while applying the emergency procedure published by Boeing. This raises questions about the software update that is supposed to solve the issue: if this update is a direct implementation of that procedure it might not be sufficient.
It seems the MAX will need to go through a lot of deep testing before it gets its licence back and people accept to board it again.
I'm also hoping pilots will give us their thoughts on that whole situation. But I fear they won't be allowed to discuss it freely. There is a lot at stakes for Boeing, the FAA and companies. So they might get instructions to wait until the investigation is complete and the final report is published.
Once again, a very nice and informative video 😃👍🏻
One reeally minor thing I couldnt help but notice: it seems the color in this video seems off. There is way too much red in there which makes your skin tones look weird. Maybe adjust WB and dial in some green next time or rein in reds and oranges.
Looking forward to Captain Joe’s thoughts on the 737 Max.
AnotherDayInParadise that’s a very stupid question
FreeX its not even a question. Its a statement
Hello Capt. Joe. I have become half a pilot by just seeing your videos. I really liked your explaining techniques. If you may, please make a video about Dutch Roll and Yaw Damper.
Welcome back Captain Joe. BTW where were you for so long??
Manjunath Rao
Probably flying some planes commercially
I flew on Delta's Ship 6301 twice, one time was when I moved to Japan in 2013, she brought me to Japan!
She's the plane that had the hardover when she was with Northwest. if you wanna see Ship 6301, you can go to ATL Airport's museum!
Her Joe I would like you to make a video on communication system on a b 7478
Your videos are wonderful and it's great to have you back. After talking about NWA 85's PCU malfunction and then discussing A320 & B737 rudders, I was kinda surprised you didn't mention the crashes caused by PCU malfunctions on UA 585 & US 427 and the near-miss with W9 517.
Bro where have you been so long? :( missed you dearly
He Went For Vacation To Cape Town
Wtf is wrong with you he hasn't even been away for a year
To grow that beard 😜
you do realize he is an active airline pilot right?
Hey Joe, air flows are very turbulent when you are near to large structures (like terminals in airports) ground, especially when other complex structures (like airplanes, trucks, gates, etc.) are located nearby. Therefore air flow can easily be left to right at say below 4 meters (pick any height you like) above ground and completely opposite at say 4,10 meters and above. Hence, if rudder segments are reacting to complex air flows when airplane is at very low speed (= 0 m/sec) I would expect they quite often move in opposite direction.
As soon as airplane starts moving away from the building air flow becomes much less chaotic and rudders will look like they agree - even if they were just reacting to the wind without pilot input.
You are the best almost 1 million good job I am here since 200k so really nice achievement.
Awesome video! Split rudder is an example of a tiny detail that creates huge questions, because they are the most difficult to find an answer to! Thanks Captain Joe, for this wonderful and informative video.
Hey Captain Joe! Been following you for a while, love the videos! I wanted to let you know I bought one of your AVGeek t-shirts, and after i washed it once according to the correct water temp and drying settings, the graphic faded significantly. After a 2nd wash, the graphic is completely gone. :( Just FYI, in case you want to consider a different silk screener than teespring.
I guess the reason why Upper and Lower rudder deflect into opposite directions is decreasing Roll moment about longitudinal axis.
Lower rudder trawels further distance to control the Yaw. Upper rudder travels less distance to prevent rolling moment. This effect is more pronounced on big airplanes.
Correct me if I am wrong, thank you.
I hate to say it, but you got the less-than ("") symbols reversed.
I have an exam tomorrow! But guess what: Captain Joe just uploaded a new video!
*Puts away all the studying and clicks on the video as fast as possible*
YAY! Captain Joe is back! Nice look with facial hair!
Great video, as always!
Maybe Pilot Alexander know the answer about the A380
Hi Joe, it was great to see you yesterday at Pilot Careers Live. You are an inspiration! Your videos are great and full of information, please keep making them.
Ah missed your videos sooo much. So glad your back ❤️😁
Great job Captain , I'm an air traffic controller and i have benefited greatly from your videos ,, excellent effort ,thank you .
I have a question
What is the family life of a pilot?
My question is: Because the rudder is hinged at an angle to the tail fin - normally it's slanted backwards as the whole tail fin is - whenever the rudder is deflected, the oncoming air flow hits it at an angle, creating both horizontal as well as vertical (downward) thrust vectors.Isn't there a downward push to the whole tail section due to this? Pl. correct me if my assumption is wrong.
Woo our captain has a beard now......
Btw you're looking good with that beard
Welcome back Joe after a long time missed your videos glad ur back
Hydraulics tend to oppose force unless acted on by a primary pressure source.
I'm guessing they faced opposite directions because they share the same hydraulic primary. And that primary pump was not engaged while the plane was parked.
Re: Your Question, Upper and Lower rudder opposite at 4:05. When the upper rudder moves to the right in the wind, wouldn't there be some vortex and some generated lift in the lower rudder opposite to the lift created by the wind moving the upper rudder?
Hes back, the legend is back!
Excellent explanation, great video, perfect balance of pictures video and technical graphics. TY CJ
Joe I missed you a lot... And u look beautiful with beard.
Joe you’re getting so close to 1 million subscribers! I’m so excited and happy for you❤️
10:01 and in the movie the damage was created with a hacksaw...
The only thing i can think of as a mechanic as to why the 2 rudders travel in oposite directions is for drag similar to flaps on landing because you are causing the air to go in different directions preventing lift in either direction. Another method could be for better roll. Or it could also be to reduce stress on the entire virtical stabilizer
Thumbnail makes it look like: why is there a wavy white split in the middle of the Koreanair logo?
Sponsored by Pepsi
Somthing that it took a long time for me to realize; you don't have to run your lighting at 100% when you film. Joe, you could probably dial your key light back at least 30% and have your face and shoulder look a lot less over exposed. If your light isn't dimmable you could dial back your ISO or increase your shutter speed (even breaking the 180 degree rule as natural motion blur isn't necessarily critical in this case). Hope this helps :)
Wait, I didn't even know it sometimes was split...
*Great beard though* ;)
Like the new look Joe. Keep up the good videos
Joe-You look just fine. I wouldn't have commented on appearance but I wanted to balance out the conversation. Thanks for the great explanation.
It is a pleasure to see you again by yotube, I like very much as a pilot, refresh and even learn from you things that were a little parked. I hope tea will go very well in your new company and enjoy the Queen of the flight !! Regards Captain Joe I continue with interest, continue like this.
Hey Captain Joe I love your videos and I am an avgeek
#RoadTo1Million
Excellent explanation Captain!! Always!!
The plane involved in Northwest Flight 85 is now on display in Atlanta.
Joe you have now totally confused me. Questions: rudder peddles on the floor of the cockpit control the rudder. Explain to me how does the yolk work other than take off and landings what exactly goes on there when you turn it left or right.??? I'm not a pilot but I do understand the basics. Thanks. Welcome back btw. 👍😃😎
You forgot the Bonanza V35B V-tail😉
Great Video as always
Glad to see you are back. As always a great video filled with information. Also want to mention that your productions are well done. The editing, b-roll, and graphics are not overdone and well placed.
4:15 id guess it has something to do with braking
same
Great video! And im happy I could watch the Zalando adverts in between 😄👍🏼
+36,817 subscribers = 1 million!!!!!
Do you have a special video planned for 1 million subscribers?
This is the same type setup used on the USS Honolulu. They used it on the stern planes. Correct me if I'm wrong here, but they had 2 separate hydraulic plants, one for each plane. The big fear was a jam dive or rise on the stern planes, especially at high speed. With the usual setup of one plant for both, recovery was difficult. With the split plane system the hope was only one would jam, and you'd still have control of the other. Heard the system was somewhat problematic, and was limited to just that boat. Not sure if the system was adopted for the Seawolf or Virginia classes though.
But what if I like the A220, there's no shirt for it
So u can make your own T-shirt
@Captain Joe--Love your videos. I always learn something new from you, even though I'm an IFR pilot. It keeps me sharp, and reminds me of what I MAY have forgotten.
Answer to your question: at the gate the a380s hydraulics systems aren't pressurized
Jay Kapur well yeah, they don’t have hydraulic power, so the wind will move the rudder. So thats not quite the answer.
@@blewis42002 Doesn't explain why the split rudder is facing opposite of one another. The wind will blow one way
Jay Kapur no, it doesn’t. I didn’t try to explain why, because I don’t know, but it’s not because of low hydraulic pressure is what I’m saying
Nice video Joe! Could you make a video about flight simming? I am thinking about buying a yoke and game. Which one do you prefer? Thanks!
You need to bring in Pilot Alexander to explain the A380 rudder.
Captain Joe, did you know the Boeing 747-400 (Northwest 85) You reference in this video was the first Boeing 747-400 built? She was a test aircraft prior to delivery to Northwest. If I’m recalling correctly, the rudder hard-over due to fatigue was believed to result in this situation. Excellent piloting skills by the crew to bring her and all aboard back to Earth safely and she proudly had a full career before retirement. Delta acquired it in the merger, of course, and was painted in Delta’s present livery. She is now proudly on display for all to enjoy at the Delta Heritage Museum adjacent to Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. She sits outside on the property and can be seen on Google Earth. Simply look to the north around mid-field.
Captin Joe I will find out for you I build the 737 max.
Very detailed explanation. This is one fantastic things that cpt Joe has: he is very detail guy.
No way, Joe!! Don't cover your baby face with a beard!!
Once again great explanation and excellent session. Thanks captain joe
I was the captain of that 747.
Question at 3:58. Opposite rudder inputs can be used for airbrakes
is it just me or you looks a bit like Richard Hammond with that beard
Hi! Look at MiG 35 rudders! They are placed low to act as ailerons. They make force low, while upper space do not want to go sideways so the plane rolls.
Hello Captain Joe. You asked for comments about why , when parked, a split rudder would show the top rudder and the bottom rudder moved in opposite directions. I don't know for sure, but I have a theory. Could it be wing-tip vortices? I was thinking that perhaps a vortex might be generated by one or the other rudder which creates a vortex as the wind blows and that the circular motion might push the other rudder in the opposite direction. What do you think?
I watch captain Joe everyday for the past week and I'm happy with my disition he is such a great teacher and captain
I hope to see him one day
The A380 lower rudder (same with the B747, B767) is locked left or right at the gate during aircraft shutdown to keep the general wind direction from blowing the aircraft into the bridge or cargo loading equipment. The upper rudder, and elevators are free to move as there is no hydraulic pressure to lock them. Only one of the two rudders is needed for this.
Captain Joe, I have a question. Are passenger allowed to bring stuff like radio scanners to listen to ATC and planes communicating?