Fascinating. So sorry I just missed the live presentation (I've now subscribed and set up notifications). It's not that you cover one of my key interests, but the quality of the material has always rewarded my attention.
I note that in the chat someone wrote "One must ask why the Statue of Bhogdan Chielminiki cossack butcher of Jews and Poles in Kiev and printed on Ukrainian money as a national hero today?" The answer should not be surprising. Bohdan Khmelnytsky led what is in many ways the first anti-colonial rebellion, against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. That Commonwealth, despite many advanced democratic and legal concepts, did not extend those rights to the Cossacks nor to much of the Ukrainian nobility. Indeed, in these territories some individual noble families grew in power to challenge that of the elected king. This led to a rebellion of the Cossacks in 1648-57. The Jews were often the most immediate representatives of the Commonwealth in Ukraine and were often the most vulnerable. At the same time the Commonwealth army brutally suppressed those who were seen as supporting this rebellion. None of this should surprise us, it is a story that has been repeated over and over in Colonial wars. Just as in the U.S., many of the "founding fathers" wrote about and fought for "justice, liberty, and democracy", Khmelnytsky was perceived in the same way by many Ukrainians. The fact that many of the American founding fathers had slaves, supported slavery, and were the most uncritical of the genocide of the native peoples, a genocide that some were indeed to enthusiastically accelerate in the coming years, completes the parallel. Now, it is important to follow the results of this history. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the largest country in Europe before the rebellion, lost about 1/4 of its entire population in the ensuing years, and was then completely eliminated within just over a hundred years, by 1795. Meanwhile, the Cossack leaders, rather than obtaining equal rights to that of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility, ended up under Muscovy, with just as few rights as the Muscovite nobility, in other words, only those rights that the current whims of the Czar would tolerate. In many ways the Jews would suffer the most from what followed. The Commonwealth was gone, but its borders lived on, now as the pale of settlement. The Jews went from a community with established rights in the centre of an empire, to a community with no rights, trapped and condemned to the periphery. Serfdom ended in the Russian Empire in 1861, but the pale of settlement continued. The legal structures of that pale of settlement were not fully eliminated until 1917. The events of the last year have naturally led to a great deal of consideration of this history. Although some may still see the symbols differently, we now have a situation where Jews, Ukrainians and Poles would _all agree_ that the Khmelnytsky uprising represented a great tragedy. One which everyone can learn from.
And as a result, the Ukrainians became vassals of Russia after the treaty of 1654, left the European vector of development and sank into the abyss of Asian despotism. Pre-Petrine Russia was not a full-fledged European country. Khmelmitsky is a negative hero both for Jews and Poles, but also for Ukrainians. Today's war between Ukraine and Russia has its roots in those distant times. Ukraine is trying to free itself from the shackles of Russian dominance and join the family of European peoples. So far, the Ukrainians do not want to tell about Khmelnytsky truthfully, but they will have to. And for the Jewish people, Khmelnytsky went down in history as Khmel the Mad, and that says it all.
@@KEDEMChannel That is true. What is interesting, the initial impulse to start uprising was very personal. His son was killed or bitten (I forgot) by the new Polish nobility who liked his homestead and wanted for himself. Later on, he changed the whole ordeal from the personal vendetta to Cossack uprising.
The Cairo Genizah is a treasure trove of Jewish written works.This document from Kiev(Dr.Benjamin Outhwaite thinks it is from Kiev even though the writing of this name Kiev is not 100% from this letter.) Dr Outhwaite''s explanation is satisfactory. Thank you both for showing this & the discussion of the Cairo Genizah is very informative!🕎
Another interesting video. I love these. Is there no way modern tech such as is used on eg burnt scrolls from Pompei be used to determine the missing word.?
The Khazar map is iffy. Britannica asserts that the Kievan Rus lasted from the 9th until the 13th Century, c.e. That's a bit of problem for this patchy, although well executed, clip.
Thanks for this constructive comment. And yes, we do exercise some patchwork. Getting licensed, relevant and accurate visual material is a huge issue. We do our best to find appropriate solutions within our modest means. The main document of this video comes from the most reliable source, The Genizah Research Unit. The maps are from Wikipedia, Khazars. We'll check Britannica, and will add a link to the video's description if needed.
Mike, are you Ashkenazic? Blond hair in Jews sometimes comes from Germans and Slavs who converted to Judaism. Blue eyes can have many communities of origin and even some people in Syria have them. Medieval chronicles described the Khazars as having black and red hair and sometimes blue eyes but blond hair was not specifically mentioned, albeit we have to wonder how accurate and comprehensive their descriptions were. Khazars had intermarried with West Eurasians such as Alans and a diversity of traits was found by archaeologists and a diversity of genetic haplogroups found by geneticists. There were also Judeans who moved to Khazaria.
@@user-jr4kc6lu9q / Definitely an Ash. Grandfather from Kiev. Grandmother was 6’ tall from Warsaw. On other side of family, Lithuanian. Where ever humans move they typically grab the hot women, so I figure a few ancestors did the same a few hundred years ago in Eastern Europe and married some blondes. WWII wiped out everyone so the history was lost. Viktor Pinchuk from Ukraine is a direct cousin, so if you know his background then that would be a big clue. Families got separated back in WWI, and then there’s the current war, so no contact.
@@user-jr4kc6lu9q The Eurasian steppe peoples, broadly referred to as Scythians for the best part of 3000 years from ancient Greece, the New Testament, to the age of the Rus, has always been described as being a typical mix of Germanic Europeans and Eurasian Asians, as a whole being described in art and records, as blond/ginger, often blue eyed, physically large and typically European looking with beards. Later distinct groups such as the ironically or aptly named "White Huns" being apparently very Germanic looking, with other Hunnic tribes such as that of Attila the Hun, with Attila himself, apparently to the knowledgeable eyes of the Gothic King Alaric, being obviously of a combination of Germanic and further Eastern (Oriental, possibly Mongolian) Scythian ancestry. The Scythians would possess a large Pan-Eurasian genetic diversity, by virtue of how many ethnicities made up their ranks, and how far and wide their tribes would migrate in all directions, there was even a Scythian royal dynasty in as far as Korea, named the Silla, boasting Indo-European/Baltic iconography and even blue eyes. Blue eyes themselves are a specific and recent recessive mutation, they are only inherited, not when both parents have blue eyes, but when both at least carry that specific gene, typically within 1 or 2 generations, from one of their parents or grand-parents. This means blue eyes can be extremely useful for tracing the movement of certain populations. This mutation is linked to blond hair, and lighter complexions and lack of melanin all round, but are not 100% linked, the Snow White German fairy tale archetype for example, plenty of British people even have pale skin, bright blue eyes, but jet black hair, it seems common among Celtic populations (though 'Celtic' is a whole other can of worms). The origin of the mutation is believed to actually be modern day Ukraine, or the Black Sea region, some 10,000 years ago at least, spreading out from their in subsequent Indo-European migrations. The Black Sea region is no longer a nucleus of blond hair or blue eyes, maps show that these traits are now centred around the Baltic nations and spread over Northern Europe, this with the knowledge of it being a recessive gene, would strongly indicate at some point a migration of said people, Northward pushing away from the Black Sea in Southern Europe, to the other side, to the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. This could be reasonable evidence for a large migration of people into the Caucuses, and European regions of the Black Sea, causing a demographic change, if this was the case, an influx of Abrahamic religion to an area that was still broadly pagan would explain a large religion conversion.
I enjoy Alex's interviews. He listens to his guests, some with controversial views. His Hebrew interviews are more extensive. I think that Khazaria is an interesting footnote in Jewish history, but not the source of the Ashkenazi civilization of central and eastern Europe.
@@KEDEMChannel I didn’t mean the main text: that’s clearly Hebrew. I meant the single line at the bottom described as ‘runes’ Although it is a bit too blurred to be certain.
Rus has nothing to do with Russia and Russian. Rus was a medieval state with a capital in Kiev which was populated mostly by Slavs and comprising current Ukraine, BelaRus and small slices of current 'Russian Federation'. On the other hand Muscovy was mostly populated by Finno-Ugric tribes and Tatars who eventually mostly converted to Orthodox Christianity. Muscovy later stole the name of Rus to justify its imperialist claims. The documents of Rus were written in Old Rus language (later it became the official language of Grand Duchy of Lithuania) or Old Church Slavic, but NOT in 'Russian'.
‘Россия’ was coined as a toponym as part of Tsar Peter’s rebranding effort when he changed the nature of the state from a Muscovite duchy to a continental empire and moved the capital to St. Petersburg. Tsar Peter consulted with a Ukrainian churchman to come up with a name redolent of the fame of Rus’ and having nothing of Muscovy about it.
it is a normal for creation of nation to absorb different groups. The same happened in England or France for example. Kievan Rus ceased to exist (for historical reasons). Moscow arises in stiff competition from other city states in difficult internal politics of Orda. With some luck Tver could take the lead .... After Moscow became dominant and the ruler of Moscow became the Tsar the name Russia was used probably cause of the importance to have more common name as the country was growing. Ivan the terrible was declared the tsar (midle of 16 century) and the name was chosen as Tsardom of Russia(rus) Peter changed the name to Russian empire. what's wrong about that ? Ivan was ruler from Rurikid dynasty.
@@claesvanoldenphatt9972 Muscovy is not Rus. Tsar Peter didn't have a habit to consult anything with anybody because he had Khan's autocratic powers. He actually murdered his own son.
@@KEDEMChannel Kievan Rus didn't stop to exist until it was conquered by imperialist Muscovy at the end of 18th century. The continuation of Rus was Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Samogitia with the Rus language as the official one. A rule of the Duchy married Polish queen and the country of the long official name was created: Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Samogitia. Jews could live and flourish in that country but they were not allowed to settle (or even enter) in Muscovy. Muscovy remained as part of the Orda (the most loyal part of the Orda) and paid tribute to Khans until early 18th century.
The documents are likely fake. The Caraite Jew, Abraham Firkowich, sought to prove that Karaites are descendants of other Jewish tribes, and are not responsible for killing Jesus. He brought letters like this one from the Middle East and the tzar government accepted it. Maybe he also placed them in the Geniza? One of the letters says that Khozars are from the tribe of Shimon(!) (Over 1000 years after the tribe disappeared).
@@KEDEMChannel ''this'' letter was published by Gold and Pritsak in that same book. With the same writing style. Additionally, the reading of the khozar runes as Turkic by Pritsak is disputed for valid reasons. There are other ways and meanings.
@@ydj8081 Who you are? A professor? The letter is so well known there is no more arguments left! Go and investigate the letter yourself before spreading bullshit.
@@mardbalasy6671 yah, the professors need to justify their employment. That's why much of the world history, Egyptian, Greek, Jewish, Muslim is in total disarray. One uncertainty on top the other. The more the merrier. And it all serves the Russian myth of ''jewish'' khozars. How they would keep shabbos? Did you dig mezuzas or mikvaot from Sarkel?
@@ydj8081 Funny. 80% of word history is well established. You probably never read a book, just Sosial Conspiracy Media. The rest 20% is under investigation, OPEN investigation, discussion between proven professionals, not the street junkies. Also, Kazars identity is well established: turks by blood, jews by religion. That's all.
Good video, thanks! But it isn’t very good that you spell the name of the city in old and pro-russian style as Kiev and not Kyiv, the last spelling which is based on Ukrainian tradition and which is becoming common. If you would like to say that you follow old tradition and play the role of the so-called “neutrality” and than I would like to remind you about the war and russian aggression toward Ukraine and thousands of deaths of the civilians and that every position has its outcome and the so-called “neutral” position always has its consequences for one of the sites. And by the way now we have the turning point of tradition. This is the first. Second. Announcer speaks at the beginning of the presentation about the document that it was not written in Russian, it would be better to clarify and specify that the document could not have been written in Russian at all, it was not spoken there. And at that time there were local dialects, from which the Ukrainian language later grew, and there was the generally accepted church language, Church Slavonic, which was based on Bulgarian or Macedonian dialectic ground and was introduced after the Baptism of prince Volodymyr in 988. And also to say that Rus is not equal to Russia, a state with that name appeared during the time of Peter the Great in the 18th century. And if there is a lack of time to talk about possible local language of the letter, then it is better to say Church Slavonic, Old Ukrainian or Ruthenian. So the same when the announcer later speaks of documents from Kyiv from the 12-13th century and again uses the same term “Russian origin” which is not correct historically. It was used by old historiography which had its roots and was based on russian imperial tradition which wanted to connect old Rus and old Kyiv and other principalities directly to the Muscovian and latter Russian empire.
Thank you for your valuable remarks and input. Regarding the name of city, Kiev i spell it in Russian as I am a Russian speaker. I was living in Kiev for 4 years in the 2001-2004 and i can speak some Ukrainian . My spelling not related to the political situation or war. Regarding the mentioning of Russian language it is correct that it was not yet created. Still Slavic dialects existed (old East Slavic ) but this is not the topic. The surprise is that it is not any of this but Hebrew .
@@KEDEMChannel It was written in Hebrew because KyIv at that time was a Khazarian city. Kievan Rus dominated the region after they defeated Khazars in several battles. Historian Gumilev proved that decline of Khazaria was natural - the Caspian sea flooded 2/3 of the country. I read somewhere that Ki Ev meant "a city on the river bank" according to Turks dialect. As Turks of Khazaria adopted Judaism (probably elites only), the written language was Hebrew. The story about Kim, Lybid as founders of the city is just a folklore.
Announcer is originally from Muscovy and has a latent love of all things Muscovite. He is brainwashed and can't accept Ukraine as an independent nation and state.
Gautian have nothing to do with Germanic people. Germanic people weren't even civilised when gutians were about. The earliest known germanic culture Jastorf culture which was nothing compare to civilization around the world
@@busterbiloxi3833 Gautian have nothing to do with Germanic people. Germanic people weren't even civilised when gutians were about. The earliest known germanic culture Jastorf culture which was nothing compare to civilization around the world
That is not, True Hebrew. True, Hebrew is spoken, by the black Jews Israli scholarship, say that tha Hebrew, is a Dead language. It is alive, because, the God of Israel, is alive.
I understand your primise Patrick here is what i think The west africans are northern Israelites long assimliated in to assyrian,egyptian,caananite,north african and pygime cultures. The Hebrew spoken here is the perserved hebrew the northern tribes long forgot and mergered hebrew with other languages creating nigercongo
Pritzak is well known and well respected, and the letter itself is well known and well investigated since it was discovered. The scientists know what they are talking about. Indeed the presence of jews in Kiyv is well established a way before the Normans(Askold, Dir, Oleg) conquer it from Khazars.
@@Alfred5555 in 910 BC. Slavs were not Khazars, they were subjects of Khazars (who were Turks). Not all Slavs of course, east Slavs. Khazars were Jews by religion, and all their major cities had a well established communities of Real Israeli Jews, especially Kiev. Slavs of Kiev were immigrants from Poland (poliane) and were not Christians at the time.
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I’ve always enjoyed your interviews in Hebrew.
So glad you are sharing your interviews in English now 🙌🏼
Thank you, glad you like them too 😊
I'm glad, too, because I understand English but not Hebrew.
Alex & Dr. Benjamin Outhwaite, thank you for a well presented interview. Really enjoyed it.
Our pleasure! 🙏
This channel is so professional and interesting. Thank you so much.
Glad you think so! Thank you
Fascinating. So sorry I just missed the live presentation (I've now subscribed and set up notifications). It's not that you cover one of my key interests, but the quality of the material has always rewarded my attention.
Very well presented and enjoyed the interview with such a learned expert.kudos
Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you 🙏
I note that in the chat someone wrote "One must ask why the Statue of Bhogdan Chielminiki cossack butcher of Jews and Poles in Kiev and printed on Ukrainian money as a national hero today?"
The answer should not be surprising. Bohdan Khmelnytsky led what is in many ways the first anti-colonial rebellion, against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. That Commonwealth, despite many advanced democratic and legal concepts, did not extend those rights to the Cossacks nor to much of the Ukrainian nobility. Indeed, in these territories some individual noble families grew in power to challenge that of the elected king. This led to a rebellion of the Cossacks in 1648-57. The Jews were often the most immediate representatives of the Commonwealth in Ukraine and were often the most vulnerable. At the same time the Commonwealth army brutally suppressed those who were seen as supporting this rebellion. None of this should surprise us, it is a story that has been repeated over and over in Colonial wars.
Just as in the U.S., many of the "founding fathers" wrote about and fought for "justice, liberty, and democracy", Khmelnytsky was perceived in the same way by many Ukrainians. The fact that many of the American founding fathers had slaves, supported slavery, and were the most uncritical of the genocide of the native peoples, a genocide that some were indeed to enthusiastically accelerate in the coming years, completes the parallel.
Now, it is important to follow the results of this history. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the largest country in Europe before the rebellion, lost about 1/4 of its entire population in the ensuing years, and was then completely eliminated within just over a hundred years, by 1795. Meanwhile, the Cossack leaders, rather than obtaining equal rights to that of the Polish-Lithuanian nobility, ended up under Muscovy, with just as few rights as the Muscovite nobility, in other words, only those rights that the current whims of the Czar would tolerate. In many ways the Jews would suffer the most from what followed. The Commonwealth was gone, but its borders lived on, now as the pale of settlement. The Jews went from a community with established rights in the centre of an empire, to a community with no rights, trapped and condemned to the periphery. Serfdom ended in the Russian Empire in 1861, but the pale of settlement continued. The legal structures of that pale of settlement were not fully eliminated until 1917.
The events of the last year have naturally led to a great deal of consideration of this history. Although some may still see the symbols differently, we now have a situation where Jews, Ukrainians and Poles would _all agree_ that the Khmelnytsky uprising represented a great tragedy. One which everyone can learn from.
he first who got recognition in a treaty for self ruling
And as a result, the Ukrainians became vassals of Russia after the treaty of 1654, left the European vector of development and sank into the abyss of Asian despotism. Pre-Petrine Russia was not a full-fledged European country. Khmelmitsky is a negative hero both for Jews and Poles, but also for Ukrainians. Today's war between Ukraine and Russia has its roots in those distant times. Ukraine is trying to free itself from the shackles of Russian dominance and join the family of European peoples. So far, the Ukrainians do not want to tell about Khmelnytsky truthfully, but they will have to. And for the Jewish people, Khmelnytsky went down in history as Khmel the Mad, and that says it all.
He was changing sides Poland, Turkey, Russia.
@@KEDEMChannel That is true. What is interesting, the initial impulse to start uprising was very personal. His son was killed or bitten (I forgot) by the new Polish nobility who liked his homestead and wanted for himself. Later on, he changed the whole ordeal from the personal vendetta to Cossack uprising.
@@KEDEMChannel Ironically, I was born in Kmelnitsky, former Proskurov :)
Ironic, isn't it: a 1000 years ago Kiev found itself between 2 opposing forces...and chose neutrality. Oh, that it were so today.
The Cairo Genizah is a treasure trove of Jewish written works.This document from Kiev(Dr.Benjamin Outhwaite thinks it is from Kiev even though the writing of this name Kiev is not 100% from this letter.) Dr Outhwaite''s explanation is satisfactory. Thank you both for showing this & the discussion of the Cairo Genizah is very informative!🕎
Our pleasure, thank you!
Another interesting video. I love these. Is there no way modern tech such as is used on eg burnt scrolls from Pompei be used to determine the missing word.?
Thank you 😊 As far as I know, most of those technique were already examined with little success
Great video!
Glad you enjoyed it, thank you 🙏
Surprised how interesting the discussion turned out, including comments below!
Fascinating
Thanks 🙏
The Khazar map is iffy. Britannica asserts that the Kievan Rus lasted from the 9th until the 13th Century, c.e. That's a bit of problem for this patchy, although well executed, clip.
Thanks for this constructive comment.
And yes, we do exercise some patchwork. Getting licensed, relevant and accurate visual material is a huge issue. We do our best to find appropriate solutions within our modest means.
The main document of this video comes from the most reliable source, The Genizah Research Unit. The maps are from Wikipedia, Khazars.
We'll check Britannica, and will add a link to the video's description if needed.
I was wondering roughly when my ancestors moved to Kiev or included some converted Khazars. Blonde/blue eyes... clearly some Nordic in the wood pile.
in 9th and 10th century it is a mystery.
Mike, are you Ashkenazic? Blond hair in Jews sometimes comes from Germans and Slavs who converted to Judaism. Blue eyes can have many communities of origin and even some people in Syria have them. Medieval chronicles described the Khazars as having black and red hair and sometimes blue eyes but blond hair was not specifically mentioned, albeit we have to wonder how accurate and comprehensive their descriptions were. Khazars had intermarried with West Eurasians such as Alans and a diversity of traits was found by archaeologists and a diversity of genetic haplogroups found by geneticists. There were also Judeans who moved to Khazaria.
@@user-jr4kc6lu9q / Definitely an Ash. Grandfather from Kiev. Grandmother was 6’ tall from Warsaw. On other side of family, Lithuanian. Where ever humans move they typically grab the hot women, so I figure a few ancestors did the same a few hundred years ago in Eastern Europe and married some blondes. WWII wiped out everyone so the history was lost. Viktor Pinchuk from Ukraine is a direct cousin, so if you know his background then that would be a big clue. Families got separated back in WWI, and then there’s the current war, so no contact.
@@user-jr4kc6lu9q The Eurasian steppe peoples, broadly referred to as Scythians for the best part of 3000 years from ancient Greece, the New Testament, to the age of the Rus, has always been described as being a typical mix of Germanic Europeans and Eurasian Asians, as a whole being described in art and records, as blond/ginger, often blue eyed, physically large and typically European looking with beards. Later distinct groups such as the ironically or aptly named "White Huns" being apparently very Germanic looking, with other Hunnic tribes such as that of Attila the Hun, with Attila himself, apparently to the knowledgeable eyes of the Gothic King Alaric, being obviously of a combination of Germanic and further Eastern (Oriental, possibly Mongolian) Scythian ancestry. The Scythians would possess a large Pan-Eurasian genetic diversity, by virtue of how many ethnicities made up their ranks, and how far and wide their tribes would migrate in all directions, there was even a Scythian royal dynasty in as far as Korea, named the Silla, boasting Indo-European/Baltic iconography and even blue eyes.
Blue eyes themselves are a specific and recent recessive mutation, they are only inherited, not when both parents have blue eyes, but when both at least carry that specific gene, typically within 1 or 2 generations, from one of their parents or grand-parents. This means blue eyes can be extremely useful for tracing the movement of certain populations. This mutation is linked to blond hair, and lighter complexions and lack of melanin all round, but are not 100% linked, the Snow White German fairy tale archetype for example, plenty of British people even have pale skin, bright blue eyes, but jet black hair, it seems common among Celtic populations (though 'Celtic' is a whole other can of worms). The origin of the mutation is believed to actually be modern day Ukraine, or the Black Sea region, some 10,000 years ago at least, spreading out from their in subsequent Indo-European migrations.
The Black Sea region is no longer a nucleus of blond hair or blue eyes, maps show that these traits are now centred around the Baltic nations and spread over Northern Europe, this with the knowledge of it being a recessive gene, would strongly indicate at some point a migration of said people, Northward pushing away from the Black Sea in Southern Europe, to the other side, to the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. This could be reasonable evidence for a large migration of people into the Caucuses, and European regions of the Black Sea, causing a demographic change, if this was the case, an influx of Abrahamic religion to an area that was still broadly pagan would explain a large religion conversion.
I enjoy Alex's interviews. He listens to his guests, some with controversial views. His Hebrew interviews are more extensive. I think that Khazaria is an interesting footnote in Jewish history, but not the source of the Ashkenazi civilization of central and eastern Europe.
👍thank you
Khazarian runes? Looks more like ancient Hebrew/Canaanite to me. Although runes were based on that as well.
The document is written in plain Hebrew
@@KEDEMChannel
I didn’t mean the main text: that’s clearly Hebrew. I meant the single line at the bottom described as ‘runes’ Although it is a bit too blurred to be certain.
Unfortunately, all Jewish communities stopped using the wonderful Paleo-Hebrew script in the 2nd century of the common era.
@@user-jr4kc6lu9q
Thank you Baruch.
Any idea what runic letters mean then?
@@bf99ls Most linguists say the runes spell out the word "okurum" meaning "I have read". That is a well-established Turkic conjugated verb.
At last, I suspected something like that. The only one conclusion is possible. Kiev should return to Israel.🤔🙄
Rus has nothing to do with Russia and Russian. Rus was a medieval state with a capital in Kiev which was populated mostly by Slavs and comprising current Ukraine, BelaRus and small slices of current 'Russian Federation'. On the other hand Muscovy was mostly populated by Finno-Ugric tribes and Tatars who eventually mostly converted to Orthodox Christianity. Muscovy later stole the name of Rus to justify its imperialist claims. The documents of Rus were written in Old Rus language (later it became the official language of Grand Duchy of Lithuania) or Old Church Slavic, but NOT in 'Russian'.
‘Россия’ was coined as a toponym as part of Tsar Peter’s rebranding effort when he changed the nature of the state from a Muscovite duchy to a continental empire and moved the capital to St. Petersburg. Tsar Peter consulted with a Ukrainian churchman to come up with a name redolent of the fame of Rus’ and having nothing of Muscovy about it.
it is a normal for creation of nation to absorb different groups. The same happened in England or France for example. Kievan Rus ceased to exist (for historical reasons). Moscow arises in stiff competition from other city states in difficult internal politics of Orda. With some luck Tver could take the lead .... After Moscow became dominant and the ruler of Moscow became the Tsar the name Russia was used probably cause of the importance to have more common name as the country was growing. Ivan the terrible was declared the tsar (midle of 16 century) and the name was chosen as Tsardom of Russia(rus) Peter changed the name to Russian empire. what's wrong about that ? Ivan was ruler from Rurikid dynasty.
@@claesvanoldenphatt9972 Muscovy is not Rus. Tsar Peter didn't have a habit to consult anything with anybody because he had Khan's autocratic powers. He actually murdered his own son.
@@KEDEMChannel Kievan Rus didn't stop to exist until it was conquered by imperialist Muscovy at the end of 18th century. The continuation of Rus was Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Samogitia with the Rus language as the official one. A rule of the Duchy married Polish queen and the country of the long official name was created: Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Samogitia. Jews could live and flourish in that country but they were not allowed to settle (or even enter) in Muscovy. Muscovy remained as part of the Orda (the most loyal part of the Orda) and paid tribute to Khans until early 18th century.
Why not ? There is clear path 😊 .
gofundme goes wayyy back.
True 😊🙈
The documents are likely fake. The Caraite Jew, Abraham Firkowich, sought to prove that Karaites are descendants of other Jewish tribes, and are not responsible for killing Jesus. He brought letters like this one from the Middle East and the tzar government accepted it. Maybe he also placed them in the Geniza? One of the letters says that Khozars are from the tribe of Shimon(!) (Over 1000 years after the tribe disappeared).
This letter cannot be not authentic
@@KEDEMChannel ''this'' letter was published by Gold and Pritsak in that same book. With the same writing style. Additionally, the reading of the khozar runes as Turkic by Pritsak is disputed for valid reasons. There are other ways and meanings.
@@ydj8081 Who you are? A professor? The letter is so well known there is no more arguments left! Go and investigate the letter yourself before spreading bullshit.
@@mardbalasy6671 yah, the professors need to justify their employment. That's why much of the world history, Egyptian, Greek, Jewish, Muslim is in total disarray. One uncertainty on top the other. The more the merrier. And it all serves the Russian myth of ''jewish'' khozars. How they would keep shabbos? Did you dig mezuzas or mikvaot from Sarkel?
@@ydj8081 Funny. 80% of word history is well established. You probably never read a book, just Sosial Conspiracy Media. The rest 20% is under investigation, OPEN investigation, discussion between proven professionals, not the street junkies. Also, Kazars identity is well established: turks by blood, jews by religion. That's all.
Good video, thanks! But it isn’t very good that you spell the name of the city in old and pro-russian style as Kiev and not Kyiv, the last spelling which is based on Ukrainian tradition and which is becoming common. If you would like to say that you follow old tradition and play the role of the so-called “neutrality” and than I would like to remind you about the war and russian aggression toward Ukraine and thousands of deaths of the civilians and that every position has its outcome and the so-called “neutral” position always has its consequences for one of the sites. And by the way now we have the turning point of tradition. This is the first.
Second. Announcer speaks at the beginning of the presentation about the document that it was not written in Russian, it would be better to clarify and specify that the document could not have been written in Russian at all, it was not spoken there. And at that time there were local dialects, from which the Ukrainian language later grew, and there was the generally accepted church language, Church Slavonic, which was based on Bulgarian or Macedonian dialectic ground and was introduced after the Baptism of prince Volodymyr in 988. And also to say that Rus is not equal to Russia, a state with that name appeared during the time of Peter the Great in the 18th century. And if there is a lack of time to talk about possible local language of the letter, then it is better to say Church Slavonic, Old Ukrainian or Ruthenian. So the same when the announcer later speaks of documents from Kyiv from the 12-13th century and again uses the same term “Russian origin” which is not correct historically. It was used by old historiography which had its roots and was based on russian imperial tradition which wanted to connect old Rus and old Kyiv and other principalities directly to the Muscovian and latter Russian empire.
Thank you for your valuable remarks and input. Regarding the name of city, Kiev i spell it in Russian as I am a Russian speaker. I was living in Kiev for 4 years in the 2001-2004 and i can speak some Ukrainian . My spelling not related to the political situation or war. Regarding the mentioning of Russian language it is correct that it was not yet created. Still Slavic dialects existed (old East Slavic ) but this is not the topic. The surprise is that it is not any of this but Hebrew .
@@KEDEMChannel It was written in Hebrew because KyIv at that time was a Khazarian city. Kievan Rus dominated the region after they defeated Khazars in several battles. Historian Gumilev proved that decline of Khazaria was natural - the Caspian sea flooded 2/3 of the country. I read somewhere that Ki Ev meant "a city on the river bank" according to Turks dialect. As Turks of Khazaria adopted Judaism (probably elites only), the written language was Hebrew.
The story about Kim, Lybid as founders of the city is just a folklore.
Announcer is originally from Muscovy and has a latent love of all things Muscovite. He is brainwashed and can't accept Ukraine as an independent nation and state.
😲🙈
Why would you say such a nonsense without even knowing me 🙈🤷♂️
Goths are related to Hebrew Gutians. Germanic tribes from the midle east.
They settled in Ukraine and more.
"Hebrew Gutians"? Are you serious?
Gautian have nothing to do with Germanic people. Germanic people weren't even civilised when gutians were about. The earliest known germanic culture Jastorf culture which was nothing compare to civilization around the world
@@busterbiloxi3833 Gautian have nothing to do with Germanic people. Germanic people weren't even civilised when gutians were about. The earliest known germanic culture Jastorf culture which was nothing compare to civilization around the world
They’re related and their languages are related.
Judaism, is not from God. It's Fabrication, by man. The Real, Jewish, Faith, is in the Bible .
?!
WTF?
That is not, True Hebrew. True, Hebrew is spoken, by the black Jews Israli scholarship, say that tha Hebrew, is a Dead language. It is alive, because, the God of Israel, is alive.
Insanity.
Lmao
I understand your primise Patrick here is what i think The west africans are northern Israelites long assimliated in to assyrian,egyptian,caananite,north african and pygime cultures. The Hebrew spoken here is the perserved hebrew the northern tribes long forgot and mergered hebrew with other languages creating nigercongo
@@EzraBenKhazar hahaha 🤣🤣🤣🤣
@@EzraBenKhazar west Africans have nothing to do with the middle east.
Brilliant program. Host is an Ashkenazi with a comical Hollywood-style Muscovite accent. He couldn't be funnier if he tried.
Thanks! Very funny comment too 😊
Pritzak is well known and well respected, and the letter itself is well known and well investigated since it was discovered. The scientists know what they are talking about. Indeed the presence of jews in Kiyv is well established a way before the Normans(Askold, Dir, Oleg) conquer it from Khazars.
When did Normans conquer the Rus? Are you saying the Rus are Norman, and conquered the Slavs who were Khazars?
@@Alfred5555 in 910 BC. Slavs were not Khazars, they were subjects of Khazars (who were Turks). Not all Slavs of course, east Slavs. Khazars were Jews by religion, and all their major cities had a well established communities of Real Israeli Jews, especially Kiev. Slavs of Kiev were immigrants from Poland (poliane) and were not Christians at the time.