git tae f wae thon 'opressed' pesh. Ye'r a yank in America.. spake Injun ya colonist eejit. F jacobites an tha vatican anaw. You're takes on sh*t is so cartoonish. You try to do your homework but come across like a usual highlandgames larping fanboy.
@@davidmandic3417 Did not specifically ban breacan/tartan but 'highland dress' and only for males of a certain background, and even that didnt last long. It is a vast oversimplification , cartoonish to suggest that it was 'banned' outright, there has been plenty of supported research on this.
@@AAA-fh5kd This is what it says: "...that from and after the first day of August, 1747, no man or boy within that part of Britain called Scotland, other than such as shall be employed as Officers and Soldiers in His Majesty's Forces, shall, on any pretext whatever, wear or put on the clothes commonly called Highland clothes (that is to say) the Plaid, Philabeg, or little Kilt, Trowse, Shoulder-belts, or any part whatever of what peculiarly belongs to the Highland Garb; and that no tartan or party-coloured plaid of stuff shall be used for Great Coats or upper coats, and if any such person shall presume after the said first day of August, to wear or put on the aforesaid garment or any part of them, every such person [...] for the first offence, shall be liable to be imprisoned for 6 months, and on the second offence, to be transported to any of His Majesty's plantations beyond the seas, there to remain for the space of seven years." The act was repealed in 1782, that is 35 years later. Doesn't seem long, but if you're 40, you certainly wouldn't go back to wearing something adults wore when you were 5. So, it was long enough. You could wear these things if you served in a Highland regiment, but otherwise, wear a colourful coat and you get a seven-years' holiday in Canada or perhaps in the Caribbean. This affected all Highlanders, and not just Jacobites. But hey-ho, nothing to worry about, that was 300 years ago.
Wow. This is such a great video. You have gone into alot of detail on so many subjects. I really enjoyed it. I will look into learning some Gaelic which I can use. Thank you.
I always thought it would be cool if some of y'all who cover similar aspects of Scotlands/Northwestern Europes cultural, ethnic, and linguistic history would do a collaboration video where y'all just talk to each other about all this stuff. For example, there's a linguist on TH-cam named Simon and he talks about the evolution of language in great detail ❤️ Another thank you from me for motivating me to revive my Duolingo owl!
Celtiadd am byth! As someone who is currently learning Cymraeg and a lover all things Celtic, this video is a masterpiece. Would it be possible or practical, or even ideal if the government of the six Celtic nations got together into a 'Celtic Union' to things to help each support and promote not just the survival of their Celtic languages, but to make it thrive in the future?
Diolch yn fawr! I’ve heard this concept theorized, but I doubt it would ever happen at an official level. Only some ppl in each of the countries identify as “Celtic” and are connected to that part of their heritage.
Scottish Gaelic is considered to be more conservative in pronunciation than the other Gaelics. For example, sèimheachadh, in Scottish Gaelic is pronounced as written where its equivalent in Irish dialects, séimhiughadh, is pronounced as, séimhiú. However, Munster Irish grammar is considered more conservative with its many more synthetic verbs than the other Gaelics, e.g., Bhíos instead of Bha mi. I suspect this is because the monks who developed Gaelic writing spoke a dialect closer to Scottish Gaelic and Munster Irish speakers were the least likely to have been influenced by Brythonic speakers in ancient times due to geography.
I know that you’re in North Carolina, but I was just wondering, what part of North Carolina are you from my family originates from Scotland County North Carolina and I would like to get together at some point to share some history about the Scottish immigrants that settled in that particular area.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom I live in Belews Creek, NC near Winston-Salem. My family is from Scotland County, North Carolina. There is a lot of deep history in that area. Especially Old Laurel Hill Presbyterian Church. At one time there was a Scotch Fair in the same place. Now we have the Scotland County Highland Games. It’s always the first weekend in October. The whole weekend is full of activities, including a Kirkin O’ Tartan at the Old Laurel Hill Presbyterian Church. There are also activities at St. Andrews University, not far from where the Highland Games take place.
It may be out-of-context of this documentary, but I wonder how the pre-Celtic settlement of the British Isles affected this later history. As is well-known, people started drifting over to the British Isles as the ice melted, about 10,000 BC, and presumably continued to come for many years. We have little idea of where in Europe they originated, or whether they were just one pre-IndoEuropean tribe or many. We have no idea what pre-IndoEuropean language(s) they spoke. The Celts didn't start arriving until about 400 BC, thousands of years later, and, by this time they had already split into different Celtic dialects. So, were the Ancient Britons in any way unified, or were they many different tribes speaking different languages? If they spoke different languages it would go a long way to explaining why, by the time the Romans arrived, they were all speaking varieties of Celtic, and had adopted Celtic cultures. Did they use Gaelic and Brythonic as a way of communicating between each other, much the way in later centuries people would use Latin, or, in India, for instance, people used English to speak to each other in a land with many languages? We man never know.
According to recent genetic studies, the earliest (Mesolithic) inhabitants of Britain originated from south-eastern Europe. Britain was sparsely populated in the Mesolithic and the new population which arrived with the Neolithic in the Late 5th millennium BC, seems to have replaced Mesolithic hunter-gatherers (almost) completely. In the mid to late 3rd millennium BC, Bronze Age peoples arrived in Britain and, apparenly, replaced the previous inhabitants completely. How that happened isn't clear. Anyway, Celtic languages must have been brought to Britain later, probably c. 1000 BC or later, apparently without any large-scale migration. At the time of the Roman invasion, Britain and Ireland had Iron Age cultures and spoke Celtic languages. Ancient Britons weren't unified at all... they were divided into numerous tribes, which weren't always friendly to each other. We know that from Roman sources. However, they seem to have shared more or less the same culture and they all spoke (what we call) Common Brythonic. Gaelic spread from Ireland in the sub-Roman period (5th-6th c. AD). A century or two earlier, Brythonic and Gaelic (or Goidelic) were still fairly similar and possibly mutually intelligible to some degree, but at the same time they were undergoing profound changes that transformed them into their medieval forms. By that point, they weren't mutually intelligible at all.
Just a couple corrections in Welsh. "The Dragon" is "Y Ddraig", "Yn" is a different word entirely. The word "the" in welsh can either be "Y" or ""Yr" depending on if the next word starts with a vowel or not. Cath is also pronounced with a long "a" vowel. Both Draig and Cath undergo a soft mutation after "Y" because they're feminine nouns. Brilliant video
Uisce beatha is the name for whiskey in Irish. It is derived from the Old Irish uisce ("water") and bethu ("life"). Mentioned in the Annals of Clonmacnoise before ever been mentioned in Scotland (Scotti - Irish clan).
@saoirseclark.......whisky is scottish in origin. uisge beatha..scottish gallic for whisky.whisky was invented in a town called lindores in fife scotland by tyronesian monks. none o that nonsense o irish monks bringing it to scotland. scotti was never an irish clan..more nonsense. the word scotti /scot is no as auld as you like to make out. it may have come from italy where they called the scottish mercenaries who served there as scotti. or, it could come from the english who called the scots by a nickname..the scotties. or , and this is the most likeliest one.....from the scandinavian word skat....you might want research your guinness too..
@@saoirseclark no, it's very interesting. you might want to type in......a brief history of the colonization of ireland and scotland | irish origenes: use your dna to rediscover your irish origin........always remember it's gallic in scotland..
Fun fact: Irish people people never called themselves Irish (ie Éireannaigh) in their indigenous language until relatively recently, in the grand scheme of history. They referred to themselves as Gaedheala (Gaels), their language Gaedhilge (Gaelic) and their culture as Gaedhlach (Gaelic). Éire (ie Ireland) was simply the island of the Gaels, a name derived from one of their old goddesses. Calling our people "Irish" and language "Irish" is what the English have called it in their language since the Middle Ages, and when we tragically switched to English over the 19th century Irish stuck on as the ethnonym for the people in the new tongue. With independence it would become the official English name for the language, as would adopting Éireannaigh into the native tongue, though funnily enough "Éireannais" would never catch on. Just something to bear in mind if you ever come across Irish people complaining about this Irish/Gaelic naming issue. The irony is they're cut off from the Gaelic worldview. Purists in Ireland have no issue using the term Gaelic, or interchangeably as I do, and even prefer the ethnonym Gael to describe themselves over Irish.
There's definitely a parallel between Gàidheal and Albannach there. The problem is not all Gaels are Irish and haven't been since sometime between the Synod of Druim Cett and the loss of Dal Riada's Irish holdings in the 9th century. So it's a national security issue on the Irish side fundamentally, and would also be for a Gael-centric independent Scotland, (granted, focken fairy land is more possible at this point, but humour me).
Commenting this mid-video, and I'm curious if he brings up Scots at all. He may have already if briefly, and that would be fair enough considering it not being the focus of the video, but since he's speaking about Language and it's relation to the country of Scotland, I believe it should be mentioned somewhere.
I agree with the most recent language analysis of Scotland. Scotland has always been a hybrid geography with 3 geographical linguistic and cultural entities and from very ancient times:- - Highlands (Gaelic) - Lowlands (Cumbric) - North East (Pictish) Note:- - Gaelic was a shared Q-Celtic language with Ireland and the Isle of Man. - Cumbric was a shared P-Celtic language with Lower Britain and Wales. - Pictish was a shared Proto-Germano-P-Celtic language, with once Bronze Age Scandinavia. Today, those same 3 Geography’s exist in Scotland, with the languages now being:- - Highlands (Scots-Gaelic) - Lowlands (Lowland-Scots) - North East (Norn and Doric-Scots)
Doric is a North Eastern Scotland form of Scots which derives from Northumbrian English. So the day-to-day spoken English of North Eastern Scotland will contain alot of Doric. Norn however derives from Viking Norse and was once spoken in Caithness, Orkney and Shetland. Its now extinct but local versions of Scots are spoken within in the day-to-day English of Caithness, Orkney and Shetland which have a strong old Norn influence. However note, that the Geography that Doric is today spoken as well as the Caithness, Orkney and Shetland Scots dialects, has a match with the Geography where Pictish was once spoken.
More precisely, before 800AD (the start of the Viking Age), Gaelic seems to have been limited to Argyll and perhaps (parts of) Lochaber, and Pictish was spoken everywhere else, including much of the Highlands, but also as far south as Fife. Cumbric was originally spoken in the area around the Antonine Wall and south of that, but by 800 AD, at least the Lothians and the Borders were English speaking. Not sure whether Gaelic spread into Galloway before that or later.
I’m Irish and can understand although not particularly fluent in the Irish language. I happened to have spent two weeks on the coast of Scotland in the Isle of Arran region and quickly realised how similar the natural tongue of Ireland and Scotland actually are… whatever label is put on them
The word 'Gaelic' was not widely used prior to the 16th century, prior to that it's definition used to be synonymous with the word 'Scottis', so not Irish. What you call Scots-Gaidhlig is actually properly called 'Albannach' in its own tongue, which effective means Scottish, as Albannach relates to Alba (Scotland), which itself relates to the island of Great Britain's oldest and most ancient name - 'Albion'. Irish-Gaeilge is actually 'Èirennach' (Irish) in its own language, Eirennach is not as mutually intelligible with Albannach as some people pretend it is, it has no more similarity than the braid Scots leid (which has a far richer history in Scotland by comparison incidentally) does with English, the reason why is because Albannach is far more the conservative language of the two - having retained most of its ancient forms and changed very little over time, whereas Eirennach (Irish) has evolved and changed a lot over the past thousand years or so. Either way though, the word 'Gael' has more to do with France than either Scotland or Ireland, despite what some writers believe, it does relate etymologically to 'Gaul' - which was the name of proto-France during the Pax Romana. As does the Greco form 'Galatia'. Even the 'Gall' part of the word means 'foreign'. In fact it was the Roman - Tacitus himself who believed that the southern Britons (pre-Anglo-Saxon, proto-English in all but name) were partly related to the Gauls - it was from this view of his that modern historians came up with the idea that Britons started as a wave of Celts migrating from Gaul. Even though the word Gaul itself comes from Weidhala (proto Indo-European for 'forest people').
@@Allapa-im9jr Thanks for that… I’m not disputing anything that you say but I did notice a striking similarity between the names of physical landmarks… eg the word for hills, lakes, mountains, island etc So there must be a connection somewhere, what that original connection actually I don’t know… but I have a feeling that it’s very ancient
So similar! What dialect of Irish do you speak? It’s my understanding that Ulster Irish has more mutual intelligibility with Gàidhlig than, say, Donegal or Munster.
@@Allapa-im9jr Bhiodh an t-uirm bun-tomhasach airson an ainmean-cànain "Albannais" no, gu dearbh, "Albais" mar sin airson a' Bheurla Ghallta a-nis, chan eil "Albannach." Which is not historically attested at all tbh and people like you are, pardon the expression, pulling this out your backside. Bhiodh/Bu chòir Beurla ag ainmeachadh "Sasannais" air an achd cheudna.
Excellent video! Been learning Scottish Gaelic on duo for a few weeks now. Such a fun language to learn. Also Jesus Christ is king! :) How does one say that in Gaelic?
@@CarlsLingoKingdom I didn’t but I will certainly go check that out! Been watching your videos for a few weeks and as a fellow Celtic diaspora (Scot/Welsh) I thank you sincerely for taking the time to make these videos. I will be teaching my children Scottish Gaelic as well if I can become proficient in time. Already fluent in German. None the less keep it up, such a blessing!
Bhideo air leth! Tapadh leibh. One small correction though... despite lots of people stating the contrary, Bagpipes were never banned along with highland dress etc(!) Shocker I know, but it's true 👍
One point, you say that Gaelic was the language of all of Scotland, however in the far south east of the country I understand that a P Celtic language, (i.e. not Gaelic) was replaced by Old English. I'm happy to be corrected if wrong.
You aren't wrong. Old English spread in the south-east in the 7th century, and even to some areas in the south-west. The language that was spoken there before that was Cumbric (closely related to Welsh) which survived in the Clyde valley possibly into the 12th century. There are Gaelic place names in the SE, but not many.
Not uniformly. Toponymy reveals some presence of Gaelic settlement, probably associated with annexations of Ildulb, an Ionsaighthigh and his predecessors around or before the 950s. Many of the originally P-Celtic elements like those of Melrose are entering English through Gaelic, as is also Dunbar and possibly Duns. Innerleithen, Inbhir leithen, the confluence of the leithen (where it meets the Tweed), I think the same is going on with Innerwick, if you can identify a corresponding "wick" water nearby. There's a Ballencrieff in both East and West Lothian, from Baile na Craoibhe from identical roots). When trying to look through modern maps, keep in mind many settlements in the lowlands and near the borders don't exist anymore due to the Lowland Clearances, and features that were only important or named by the locals might not have been written down. Also a problem trying to identify places in the only surviving song/text/poem of Galloway Gaelic, Òran Bagraidh, like Gleann na Seamraig. For Edinburgh itself, Balerno (Am Baile Àirneach), Braid (Am Bràghad), Craigentinny (Creag an t-Sionnaich), Craiglockart (Creag Lùchairt), Corstorphine (Crios Thoirfinn), Dalmahoy (Dail MoThutha) Drum (An Druim) Dundas (Dùn Deas), Inverleith (Inbhir-Lìte), Tipperlinn (Tiobar-linne). MidLothian: Auchencorth (Achadh na Coirthe) Benbught (Baile nam Bochd), Catcune (An Coitcheann), Dalhousie (Dail Fhoghlaisidh), Fordel (Fordail), Gask Hill (An Gasg), Glencorse (Gleann Crosg), Leadburn (Leac Bhearnard), Tipper Well (An Tiobairt), Woolmet (An Uamhach) East Lothian: Aikengall (Achadh nan Gall, ironic), Balgone (Baile nan Co(i)n), Carbarry (Craobhbarraidh), Cockenzie (Cùil Choinnich), Dalgowrie (Dal Gobharaidh), Garvald (An Garbh Allt), Inveresk (Inbhir Easg), Kilduff (An Ceap Dubh), Knockenhair (Cnoc na h-Aire), Phantassie (Fàn Taisidh), Tarbet (An Tairbeart).
All the places that used to be pictish areas are now scots speaking so im pretty sure it wasn’t the Irish who destroyed the picts, the anglos did the same thing they did to the rest of the country. New evidence shows that the picts were the same or similar as the welsh britons in the rest of the country.
@@CarlsLingoKingdomAll this comes from the Lowlanders losing their identity and the English and Europeans developing a fascination with Gaelic Scotland Highlanders and their culture in the 19th century (even though the Highlanders were nearly brought to the brink of extinction by the same people not 100 years before). You throw in Ossian and the cheap attempt to pass ancient Irish legends and stories off as originating in Scotland. Also throw in another aspect the Scottish and English Presbyterians in Ulster have been attempting to rewrite history to say in essence "We wus the real Irish" - yes it's as comical as it sounds.
@@matthewbarry376I once had a guy legitimately argue to me that the Picts were native to Ireland and the Gaels were British originally, and that we wiped out the Picts in Ireland! (They made it up to justify the ulster plantations, and the guy kept on about how we deserved it!)
@@matthewbarry376 most irish culture/music originated in scotland. also, it's gallic in scotland no the mythical made up gaelic. the irish came from scotland. most irish history is adaptations of other nations histories..
better broken gaelic than dead gaelic as they say. a lot of scots dont feel the need for it anymore these days and anyone obviously aware of how endagered it is are trying. finding gaelic lessons in certain parts is a nightmare. and believe it or not trying to find chanter lessons in order to play pipes is a mission too, i'm glasgow born and native to the west coast and islands heritage wise , i think we already have a deceased gaelic ( arran) so if i pronounce my surname in gaelic i get funny looks, because pronunciations differ here and there as does english dialects and other dialects. it's bizarre how many there are in our wee land.
my more recent ancestors before flitting to the mainland would have spoke arran gaelic, wee bit different from the western isles outer hebrides. arran is inner hebrides, and they say that gaelic is dead now. hence the funny looks i get saying my name 'wrong' maybe a tiny bit is still alive there.
anyway macmhurchaidh , pronounced mac voorichay western isles , i was taught mac voorikitch, and being unmarried nic ( daughter of ) mhurchaidh murdo murdoch ( sea warrior) in irish murphy. some of my great grandparents got fed up trying to spell their name so adopted murphy for ease. i use murphy to call a taxi lol just cant be ar'ed spelling it out now lol
Aidh! Is fheàrr Gàidhlig bhriste na Gàidhlig sa chiste. Surprised to hear there’s not still a few speakers on Arran, and that it’s hard to find piping instructions. I have a friend who travels to Skye every so often to meet other pipers and practice!
@@CarlsLingoKingdom If that's Arran in the Clyde estuary, no there aren't any speakers of the original local dialect left although there still were some about 40-50 years ago. But there are people in Arran who can speak Gaelic, who moved there from other areas.
No, i speak irish gaelic, and when i refer to it, whether speaking either gaelic or hiberno english, i always call it gaelic, and not irish as do plenty of native speakers from donegal
@@CarlsLingoKingdomthere’s a TH-camr called Patchy who speaks Irish natively and exclusively refers to it as Gaelic. A lot of native speakers call it Gaelic. It was common to call it Gaelic until the foundation of the Irish Free State but for whatever reason Irish was adopted by the non-Irish speaking population. Some of them get very upset when you call it Gaelic in fact, because they feel the language is theirs and therefore have the right to dictate it’s name to the native population. There’s some debate but you won’t hear it because there’s very few native Irish speakers online who talk about it and most Irish langauge material you find on this site and elsewhere comes from native English speakers.
@@markaxworthy2508 He has explained the different branches of "Celtic" languages... while this video speaks to how Gaedhlig became the vernacular in Scotland until the later middle ages, the origins of Irish Gaeilge are even more difficult to divine. The great probability is that the language was introduced by settlers from the island of Britain, though there is some discussion that it came directly from northern Spain. This is unlikey for logistical reassons. The word "Britain" is Celtic... as in ancient Britons. The Romans clearly called the island Britannia. However, "British" as used for the past few hundred years has morphed. What can accurately be said is that Scottish Gaedhlig and Irish Gaeilge originated from Brythonic Celtic, whereas English is a Germanic tongue modified by Norman French.
@@AnBreadanFeasa Irish originated in Ireland. It's a Gaelic language. It's a distant cousin of Brythonic (ie modern Welsh and Breton), not a descendent, this is something with 100% academic agreement. There is documented trade between Ireland and northern Spain going back to the Bronze Age, and the Indo-Europeans involved in this may well be the original source of Celtic. There was no logistical issue, the sea was the preferred method of transport for goods and people up until the 19th century Railways came along.
Fuair tú anocht. Maith thú! Is breá liom an teangeacha Ceilteacha freisin. Múinim Gaeilge ar na cúiseanna céanna. Beidh mé ar ais. Coinnigh suas an obair iontach!!
Archeologists saying that the Irish didn't create Scotland is absurd and is purely hatred for the truth of history. It is to pretend Dal Riada is a myth. That to be called Scotti meant an Irishman. Its very sad and very insulting.
That's not what they claim, but there's nothing in the archaeological record that proves there was a migration from Ireland to Scotland in the Late Roman period and immediately after that. However, this might mean the migration involved a small number of people, possibly warrior bands or so, rather than a large population.
Its also possible that Dalriada was simply a Gaelic water kingdom made up of the same people in part of the north of Ireland and part of the west of Scotland which didn’t involve any invasion at all. After all the narrow sea could be easier to traverse than the heavily wooded mountainous interior.
@@davidpryle3935 It's possible. However, Argyll isn't that isolated from the rest of Scotland, there are lots of river valleys and mountain passes that connect various areas. Interactions between Picts and Gaels must have been frequent since they eventually led to the Gaelicisation of the Picts (rather than some invasion or conquest, as people used to believe). In any case, the Gaelic families that ruled in Argyll back then all traced their ancestry to Ireland. The Gaelic language must have originated in Ireland too. I don't see how it's possible that people around Glasgow spoke Cumbric, those in Kilcreggan and Dunoon spoke Gaelic, and they're divided only by a river estuary, which is far easier to cross than the Straits of Moyle, unless there were migrations that created that situation. There probably were small scale migrations in both directions (given the fact there were groups in Ireland called Cruithin, cf. Cruithentuath 'Picts').
@@davidmandic3417 Yes indeed. But you need to be a bit wary of that “Cruithin” subject. Most of what you read about it is of very recent origin, and highly politicised, and strays into the realm of pseudo history.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Roper, on the south shore of the Albemarle Sound. Will you be at the Highland Games in Beaufort, NC next month? I enjoy your videos, I took your advise and signed up for Jason's online class, It's actually quite fun. I've been learning for a couple months on Duolingo as well. My Gaidhlig is very limited, but I'm learning.
@@charliealexander9068 It's Gaelic or Gallic when you write it in "English".. just as 'Crack' should be "CRACK" when written in Scots or English, it is not 'craic', nor a gaelic concept.
Scottish Gaelic was originally a language of expediency by a Caledonian/Pictish tribe called the Epidii who lived in Argyleshire. They found it difficult to interact with other Caledonian/Pictish tribes due to the mountainous region surrounding Argyleshire. It was much easier to interact with people across the water in Ireland. So they adopted the Irish/Gaelic language. Towards the end of the 6th century Irish missionairies converted the pagan Picts to Christianity which introduced them to the Gaelic language. The Scoti/Epidii aristocracy started to intermarry with the Caledonian/Pictish aristocracy towards the end of the 7th century. This promoted even more usage of the Gaelic language. The Viking raids and incursions of the 9th century involved many battles with the Caledonians/Picts and resulted in the deaths of the Pictish king and his nobles. It also resulted in the loss of much of the territory of the Scoti/Epidii. Nevertheless, the Scoti/Epidii aristocracy were able to claim the Pictish lands of the dead king and his nobles due to family connections and previous intermarriages. So this resulted in the birth of the nation of Alba eventually called Scotland with its Gaelic language, which eventually went out of fashion in most of the eastern and southern parts of Scotland by the 13th century.
Thanks for summarizing part of my video! 😂 I think it’s so cool how these different motivations all influenced the change that took place. History is fascinating! 🧐😸
@billmclauren6959.....maybe you should research a bit deeper. it's gallic in scotland coming from the frankish regions of europe. scotti is a myth in ireland..
No, an anachronistic, posh English accent doesn't "totally fit the tone". James I had a broad Scots brogue and education to this very day is a Scottish preserve. It, like domestic law, was a reserved area under the Act of Union. The retreat of Gaelic is essentially an internal Scottish phenomenon.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom So why use an anachronistic, posh English accent to convey this when it had nothing to do with the English, posh or not? Are we now to be reduced to racial caricatures? Don't the facts stand up for themselves?
@@CarlsLingoKingdom British people have always looked down on Gaelic because it is an Irish import. How it ever became the language of the Scottish nobles in 1054 is fascinating and unbelievable. In England, the Germanic language replaced the native insular Celtic languages by conquest, but in Scotland there is nothing like that. When Gaelic arrived in Scotland in 794, there were already three languages being used there, Pictish, Scots and Old English, why the nobles chose to adopt Irish is a complete mystery.
@@davidgreen6490 So everything you just said is actually lies and I'm going to correct that record for the people actually capable of analysing linguistic-historical evidence. _Annals of Tigernach_ entry for 501AD (6th century): *"Feargus Mor* mac *Earca* cum gente *Dal Riada* partem Britaniae tenuit, et ibi mortuus est." While these are 10th century (900s) forms of the names, *Erc* can be verified as belonging to a very antique tradition, bear with us. The _Tuigraind Bhécáin_ survives as a 16th century copy, but linguistic analysis shows the content itself to belong solidly to the 7th century AD(600s). What is that content? A poem about *Columb Cille.* Of special importance is a description of his journey "the course in which the hero ran reaches the darkness of the place of *Erc."* Which aligns with the two traditions of *Columba* leaving Ireland to come to Scotland and that of a ruler of the Dal Riata called *Erc*, (Kelly 1975) the *Reuda* tradition. The venerable *Bede,* a contemporary and acquaintance of *Adomnan,* is promulgating the *Reuda* tradition of *Fergus Mór's* lineage in the 8th century AD (700s), before you say they show up! The 10th century _Book of Armagh_ writes about *Fergus Mór* in 8th, possibly 7th, century language, indicating references to earlier material and traditions. The _Annals of Ulster_ give the death of Fergus' son and successor, Domangart in 501AD (6th century), the _AofU_ is again a 10th century work, but clearly based on older manuscripts. For example, Domangart's full name is given as "Domangart mac Nisse Reti." *_Reti_* is the 7th century genitive of Riata, as in Dal Riata. Excavation of the material culture at Dun Add showing extensive contact with contemporary Ireland, the role of Iona in Christianising the region, Charles Edwards' _Early Christian Ireland_ and Bannerman's _Studies in the History of Dalriada,_ place the establishment of Dál Riata in the 4th or 5th century AD (300s or 400s). We know that Gaelic is the dominant language of Western Scotland in the beginning of the Viking Age, 794 is significant as the date of the first Viking Raids on Iona--a centre of Gaelic Christianity founded in the 530s--and Gaelic Scotland. Dal Riata and their kings, however, may not be the only relevant detail. Toponymic analysis of Galloway and south western Scotland by *W.F.H. Nicolaisen* points to the earliest layers of Gaelic placenames as "sliabh-" and "carraig" (i.e. Carrick) in the old Galloway region, indicating Irish settlement near contemporary with the creation of Dal Riata in parts of south western Scotland. This situation may have been a more permanent version of what happened in some Welsh kingdoms, with Brythonic princes ruling over Gaelic minorities until Strathclyde is brought into Scotia proper. Because that's the other language you missed out, common Brittonic/Old cumbrian/Old Welsh. Most historians date the extinction of Pictish to the 11th century. English historian *Henry of Huntingdon* (1088 - c. 1157) notes that Pictish identity has been forgotten in his 12th century _Historia Anglorum._ But Pictauia had been part of the Kingdom of Alba since since its establishment by Gaelic King Causantín mac Cináeda, succeeding his paternal uncle Donald I as dual King of both the Gaels and the Picts, these are the Alpinids, the early Dunkelds, and they rule Pictland because of Cináed mac Ailpin's 840s conquest. The Picts themselves had converted to Ionan Christianity centuries ago by this point, and were in close contact with their Gaelic counterparts ever since. All this is to say they had a long time been undergoing Gaelicisation. The very first royal courts of the 9th centuries and noble courts of the very nucleus and foundation of the Scottish state as we knew it, were Gaelic, and dominated by Gaels and our language. Without us, gun sinn, na Gàidheil, there would be no Scotland of which to speak. This position of prestige is really only starts to turn in the 12th century (1100s) when David I brings in Norman allies and their Anglo-Saxon servants. Finally, the vernacular Anglic "Scots" as such did not exist in the 700s. At all. Old English, as spoken in the Kingdom of Bernicia/Northumbria was not yet significantly distinct from its proper English counterparts. Scots, or Middle Scots, doesn't diverge from English until the Middle English period 1066 to late 1400s. I find the fixation on Northumbria by anti-Gaels interesting, because the Northumbrians did not share their displeasure with Gaeldom so aggressively. The kingdoms were naturally in conflict at times, but Iona Gaels played an important role Christianising the Northumbrians. We can again look at Bede, whose _Ecclesiastical History_ tells us that King Aldfirth of Northumbria in the late 7th century spent his exile in Iona, was a fluent speaker of Old Gaelic/Irish, and he wrote Old Gaelic poetry under the name Flann Fína mac Ossu which is still read today in Irish literary circles. You like Scots? One of the greatest Middle/Early modern Scots, as in the Anglic lede, poets is Ualtair Cinnéidigh, a Carrick-Ayrshire Gael and Makar of the king's court c.1500 who in a comedy fictionalised Flyting with his contemporary and acquaintance William Dunbar jests: Thou lufis nane Irische, elf, I understand, Bot it suld be all trew Scottis mennis lede; It was the gud langage of this land, And Scota it causit to multiply and sprede
Im a Northern Irish/Scot from the ONeill/Macdonald families! Of course Scotland got Gaelic from the invasion of the Northern Irish (Dal Riada) The Macdonald clan dominated the western Isles of Scotland (Harris to Mull of Kintyre). Macdonalds and Campbells used to fight,so not a shock a guy called Campbell disagrees with this!
@garymacdonald7165........no gaelic in scotland...gallic. which came from the frankish regions of europe.. there was never any invasion from ireland into scotland..
@@garymacdonald7165 a certainly do know what dalriada is. the area in scotland is about 3 times the size o the one in ulster which suggests from scotland to ireland. there is evidence from scotland to ireland...nothing but mythical writings from ireland to scotland. also, the area in scotland looks suspiciously like the area the vikings ruled. irish monks were very adept at taking other nations histories and adapting them to suit ireland..
@@brucecollins641 Then why is it spelt it Gaidhlig in the language itself? And Gallic is just a false cognate - the modern name Gaidhlig is just pronounced similarly. The language is clearly not Germanic.
@@briang541 it's gallic in scotland. type in......the gaulcross hoard.(gaulcross an area in aberdeen). then........the newbridge chariot (believed to be of gaulish design).....then......the enigmatic coins of the celtic tribes of britain........
Since you've studied Gàidhlig you know that its even more challenging cousin, Old Irish, did not just spread through Scotland from a few visiting Irish Gaels who came to visit after those Scots had resisted the Roman legions for hundreds of years and before those very same Scots sent Gallowglass to Ireland. Gàidhlig got to Scotland the same way the Britons, the Romans, and the Anglo-Saxons did - across the English Channell. Ireland was downstream of Scotland both genetically and linguistically. Now we no longer have to be quiet when we are told of magical invasions and people just deciding to speak languages akin to Old Irish. Those never made sense, and they didn't happen.
The term 'Scots/Irish' shouldn't ever be used ever, not even as a contemporary marker, never mind historically, as a valid identity of Dalriada as the historic Irish at that time were called 'Hiberni' in the classical Latin script - the 'lingua Franca' of the day, whilst the historic Scots were 'Scotti' in Latin for 'Scottish'. The term 'Pict' only started to be used on record for the ancient proto-Kingdom of Alba (the root of the Scottish nation, the North-East Scottish town of Arbroath also came to be known as the true birthplace of the Scottish nation itself) by the Roman writer Eumenius in the year 297 when he wrote a congratulatory letter to Tacitus that year - this was still during the 'Barbarian conspiracy' where the term 'Attacotti' later gained prominence in the Southwest and prior to it's height in 367 culminating in the era now known as the 'Great Conspiracy', while Dalriada was also an early maritime Scottish kingdom at a time that stretched to Antrim, when South of Black Pigs Dyke, Hibernia (Ireland) was many different petty kingdoms and England was itself still a heptarchical nation. The Scotti of Antrim were also referred to as 'Cruthin' by the early Hiberno/Hiberni (Irish), the same name they used to refer to the people of Alba (Scotland), St. Patrick acknowledges the distinction between the Scotti and the Hiberni in his Epistle to the cheiftain Corroticus. Hibernia was renamed as Ireland after 1542 by Pope Leo X, and all the people of that land (whether Hiberni (the actual historic Irish) or not), including the Scotti (Scottish of the North) and the Anglo (English of the South) on the island of Hibernia, though the Scotti of the North shared more affinity with the Scots of Scotland than the Southerly Hiberno and their (for a time) Anglo allies, historic figures such as Scáthach, Connla and Aífe in particular also come to mind.
@@Allapa-im9jrI was hoping to get through the comment section without anyone putting a modern political spin on such an interesting video, and I’d almost succeeded, until I came to your comment. Just a piece of advice for people in America or elsewhere, when someone starts pontificating and giving chapter and verse on what is supposed to have happened in Ireland thousands of years ago in pre (recorded) history, you can be 100% sure they have a political agenda.
@@davidpryle3935 Then you should be able to appreciate the content of the comment, as much of these terms you use are modern constructs that have no historical equivalents, couldn't help but see the massive sense of irony in your responce there. Also, I'm not talking about what happened in Ireland thousands of years ago, I don't tend to go any further back than 200 BC at the very earliest when discussing this topic as it's from that period that much of what I have raised here occurs. If by the thousands of years ago, you are talking about the bronze age, that is not my focus, and it would be a moot point anyway if you also agree with the idea that Ireland's earliest people were in-fact British anyway. What I'm referring to fundamentally is the circumstances that have led to the confusions that now currently exist which has been reinforced as factual, largely by foreigners for the most part, particularly by Americans, particularly around the idea that the Scots were Irish or vice versa. This is one of the biggest myths and falsehoods of the lay of our time on this history, when the exact opposite process is closer to the truth, in that the earlier wave of Scotti settlers of Northern Hibernia (Ulster) were later re-labled as 'Irish' when Pope Leo X imposed the name of Irish on the whole island and all of it's people, regardless of whether they were actually Hiberni (the actual historic Irish) or not, this not includes the Scotti colonisers of the North but the Anglo colonisers of the South, all of them, together with the Hiberni majority were relabled Irish. While the Scots of Scotland were never Irish and still retain their ancient national identity to this day, the eldest nation of N. Europe, the oldest nation of the British isles, and with the oldest national flag design in the world, symbolic of the blue sky with a white saltire shape formed by four sun rays. If you think Pope Leo X and his involvement is modern political spin, you couldn't be any more misguided I'm afraid, I mentioned this because that part of history is suppressed and rarely ever covered despite how significant it is to the whole situation as it has come to be on these nations.
Gaelic term is used in ireland but not for the language ,its an adjective that refers to the irish native culture and most commonly to Gaelic games such as Gaelic Football and hurling .These sports are Governed by the Gaelic Athletic association..
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Yes slightly different to the scottish highlanders ,as its used more specifically to denote a member of the Gaelic Athletic Association,but gaelic games are tied very strongly to irish identity its understood to mean ethnic and national identity.Outside that context most ordinary people would refer to themselves as irish but then again a huge % of those are members of the GAA.
The highlanders were "the most feared fighting force in Western Europe"? Source, please? They may have worried London occasionally, but I don't think they were quaking in their boots in Paris, Madrid or Rome! The later description of them as "the nuisance of the northwest" is probably more accurate.
Actually Highland mercenaries were a thing on the continent for centuries During the 16th and 17th centuries Scots mercenaries travelled to many parts of Europe including to the Netherlands where they fought with the Dutch, and in Belgium alongside Spaniards. There were some notable figures from the west Highlands and Islands who fought with the Spanish in the early 17th Century. They included Sir James MacDonald, Chief of Clan Donald South; Alasdair Mac Ranald, chief of the Macdonalds of Keppoch, and Archibald Campbell, the 7th Earl of Argyll. The Hebrides provided a rich resource in fighting men for these battles abroad. Continental houses from Denmark, Norway, Spain, the holy Roman Empire, France frequently called on Scots troops. Between 1419 and 1424, 15,000 Scots left for France where they helped the French to defeat the English at the Battle of Bauge in 1421. Scots went on to fight alongside Joan of Arc and helped her to relieve besieged Orleans from English soldiers.
@@ce5894 Indeed, "Highland mercenaries were a thing on the continent for centuries", but this doesn't make them "the most feared fighting force in Western Europe". They were just a minor part of a mix that included English and German Free Companies, Italian Condottieri, Swiss and Landsknechts, among others. However, it is fair to say that the original Gallowglasses were, for a while, the most feared fighting force in Ireland.
Aj kiep seejing dis toe maj inglish spieking frends... Inglish spelling is hweej moor diffukelt den ennie odder jeuroopiejen lenkhwitsj... End jes... Det inkloeds Gàidhlig spelling :) (this was written from a Dutch perspective to show how weird English spelling is if you're not a native speaker.. 😂.)
Bidh eadar-theangachadh an-còmhnaidh a’ toirt a-mach mì-chinnt! 'S e 'a' fada a th' anns a' chiad lide. Is dòcha gum bu chòir dhomh a bhith air 'aa' a sgrìobhadh.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Scots/old english is as 'native' to "Scotland" (which didnt exist) as 'Gaelic' would be. None of that nonsense about influence from brittonic adds up.
The anglo saxons killed pictish arriving on the east coast where the picts were, the gaels only historically lived on the other side of the highlands and lived mostly in peace
@@CuFhoirthe88 exactly Ulster Gaelic, now how did that get into Scotland huh.... You jocks are bigger hypocrites than paddy's, with your made up historys and Victim card playing..
Why hide my reply, so again il say again, exactly Ulster Gaelic, now how did that get into Scotland, you Do know Britons spoke Brythonic right, you jocks are as bad as paddys making up History and playing the victim..
It's a good try to gain some Scottish history, but the linguists have pretty much disproved it now. Scots Gaelic is a direct descendant of middle Irish, it cannot be any older than 900 AD in Scotland. Its true that the lack of archaeology is an issue, but the origin of the language is indisputable..
Definitely shares Old/Middle Irish as an ancestor, but it's not purely Irish. It's got P-Celtic elements that probably entered before 900AD, as I showed.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Scottish Gaelic is a DIRECT DESCENDANT OF MIDDLE IRISH! We even know the date it arrived in Scotland. It has absorbed Brythonic based elements, as all invading languages have, but no, it is impossible for any form of Gaelic to have origins outside of Ireland. What you are suggesting is like saying English is 3,000 years old because it has Brythonic elements in it. It's nonsense, I'm afraid. I feel just as sorry for what happened to Scotland, it has a uniquely devastating elimination of its cultural history, having been invaded from all four sides, but we cannot allow this kind of revisionism because of that.
lol I agree that it comes from Irish. I just don’t think there’s a ton of evidence for the traditional Irish invasion theory. I think Woolf’s theory of a shared cultural development of Gaelic before 900 is more likely. But, I’m also not a historian or linguist, just a learner.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom It's not "Irish" either.. its just Gaelic, all of 'gaeilge/gahlig/gaelg' is all just "Gaelic" they are all one language. "Irish" is a 20th century branding of the 'national language' of 'Ireland' in "English" but it should be "Gaelic" in English and "Scottish Gaelic" and Manx Gaelic" are dialect branches of the one language "Gaelic".. In Scotland since the 1800's "Erse" was the term used for Scottish Gaelic.. So.. in that case Scottish Gaelic again..is just "Gaelic" if 'Irish' really means 'Gaelic'.
@@brucecollins641 still being a taig hypocrite i see Brucey... Go put them green Socks on yer fake Fooker..make sure they clean and ent to stinky..maybe if you really wanted the CLASH to stop, then you and your Irish ancestors should stop being hypocrites and be honest about your history instead of inventing it like your socialist ideology perceives...
Chuir stair na coimhlinte agus an tseasaimh seo le teannas agus doicheall leanúnach na nÉireannach, agus a teanga - le hAlbain. Btw, your hillbilly Scots in NC are nothing to be boasting about - civil war!
@@CarlsLingoKingdomScots are not Yanks. Yanks are a unique different people from the Scots with their own unique different nation of their own people, and their own unique different language and their own separate history that does not apply to Scots. A passport merely confirms ones granted rights to enter a country, I could apply for a USian Yankee passport, but if I did, I would never in a million years claim to be a Yank just because I had a Yank passport, Yanks are a distinct people of a distinct nation with their own distinct ethnicity and wide ranging characteristic paraphernalia very distinctly different from the Scots in so many ways. In the context of language though, a Yanks ethnic American accent is an irrefutable part of their American ethnicity, there are many words a Yank ethnic tongue can't naturally enunciate.
@@Allapa-im9jrexactly, don't do it, as you're gradually being hated and dispised by your ancestors for playing this woke identity politics game!!! Trust me from a proud " CATUVELLAUNI" still home in England...
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Scottish kings since the time of the Stewarts and Bruces and before wouldnt have been in favor of other 'kings/lords'.. as neither were the Stewarts a fan of the Borderers,> Johny Armstrong for example. You're sitting there in America, a Larping 21st century american (with 'gaelic' ancestry just like me) and trying to play post-modern 'oppression' olympics, tired arguments linking Gaelicness with 'indigenousness' (ala the native americans/1st nations). Fact of the matter is Gaelic 'culture'.. tannistry was just as crap as any other feudal system.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom He wasn't a 'fan' of rogue Gaelic (Anglo-norman Old english too) in his inherited lands. Duh. This isnt sunday school man..and there you are sat in a colonized continent, you're speaking what.. Cherokee? Give me a break, it's 2024, everything is different. We cannot use the state of the world at present to compare the day of James the 1st/6th in any sense. If you understand the world at that time, everything makes perfect 'sense' as to why they did what they did. No mystery, no 'injustice'.
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git tae f wae thon 'opressed' pesh. Ye'r a yank in America.. spake Injun ya colonist eejit. F jacobites an tha vatican anaw. You're takes on sh*t is so cartoonish. You try to do your homework but come across like a usual highlandgames larping fanboy.
specifically Tartan was never outlawed nor pipes, these are myths.
@@AAA-fh5kd Ever heard of the Dress Act 1746?
@@davidmandic3417 Did not specifically ban breacan/tartan but 'highland dress' and only for males of a certain background, and even that didnt last long. It is a vast oversimplification , cartoonish to suggest that it was 'banned' outright, there has been plenty of supported research on this.
@@AAA-fh5kd This is what it says: "...that from and after the first day of August, 1747, no man or boy within that part of Britain called Scotland, other than such as shall be employed as Officers and Soldiers in His Majesty's Forces, shall, on any pretext whatever, wear or put on the clothes commonly called Highland clothes (that is to say) the Plaid, Philabeg, or little Kilt, Trowse, Shoulder-belts, or any part whatever of what peculiarly belongs to the Highland Garb; and that no tartan or party-coloured plaid of stuff shall be used for Great Coats or upper coats, and if any such person shall presume after the said first day of August, to wear or put on the aforesaid garment or any part of them, every such person [...] for the first offence, shall be liable to be imprisoned for 6 months, and on the second offence, to be transported to any of His Majesty's plantations beyond the seas, there to remain for the space of seven years." The act was repealed in 1782, that is 35 years later. Doesn't seem long, but if you're 40, you certainly wouldn't go back to wearing something adults wore when you were 5. So, it was long enough. You could wear these things if you served in a Highland regiment, but otherwise, wear a colourful coat and you get a seven-years' holiday in Canada or perhaps in the Caribbean. This affected all Highlanders, and not just Jacobites. But hey-ho, nothing to worry about, that was 300 years ago.
Good stuff man, I’m halfway through the video and really digging it. Love how much you know and the way you share it. Please keep doing this❤🏴
Wow. This is such a great video. You have gone into alot of detail on so many subjects. I really enjoyed it. I will look into learning some Gaelic which I can use. Thank you.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Love this channel! You motivated me to learn Gaelic. Keep making these great videos!
Sgoinneil! Glad to hear it. What other topics would you be interested in?
I always thought it would be cool if some of y'all who cover similar aspects of Scotlands/Northwestern Europes cultural, ethnic, and linguistic history would do a collaboration video where y'all just talk to each other about all this stuff. For example, there's a linguist on TH-cam named Simon and he talks about the evolution of language in great detail ❤️
Another thank you from me for motivating me to revive my Duolingo owl!
I was ready to give up. This video has inspired me to keep going! Thank you
Sgoinneil! Keep it up!
Celtiadd am byth! As someone who is currently learning Cymraeg and a lover all things Celtic, this video is a masterpiece.
Would it be possible or practical, or even ideal if the government of the six Celtic nations got together into a 'Celtic Union' to things to help each support and promote not just the survival of their Celtic languages, but to make it thrive in the future?
Diolch yn fawr! I’ve heard this concept theorized, but I doubt it would ever happen at an official level. Only some ppl in each of the countries identify as “Celtic” and are connected to that part of their heritage.
Scottish Gaelic is considered to be more conservative in pronunciation than the other Gaelics. For example, sèimheachadh, in Scottish Gaelic is pronounced as written where its equivalent in Irish dialects, séimhiughadh, is pronounced as, séimhiú. However, Munster Irish grammar is considered more conservative with its many more synthetic verbs than the other Gaelics, e.g., Bhíos instead of Bha mi. I suspect this is because the monks who developed Gaelic writing spoke a dialect closer to Scottish Gaelic and Munster Irish speakers were the least likely to have been influenced by Brythonic speakers in ancient times due to geography.
You bet!
I love Scotland 🏴 💙 🤍
I know that you’re in North Carolina, but I was just wondering, what part of North Carolina are you from my family originates from Scotland County North Carolina and I would like to get together at some point to share some history about the Scottish immigrants that settled in that particular area.
I’m near Charlotte currently. Is there a Highland Games near you?
@@CarlsLingoKingdom I live in Belews Creek, NC near Winston-Salem. My family is from Scotland County, North Carolina. There is a lot of deep history in that area. Especially Old Laurel Hill Presbyterian Church. At one time there was a Scotch Fair in the same place. Now we have the Scotland County Highland Games. It’s always the first weekend in October. The whole weekend is full of activities, including a Kirkin O’ Tartan at the Old Laurel Hill Presbyterian Church. There are also activities at St. Andrews University, not far from where the Highland Games take place.
I can see Dumbarton rock from my window across the Clyde 😊
What a view!
It may be out-of-context of this documentary, but I wonder how the pre-Celtic settlement of the British Isles affected this later history. As is well-known, people started drifting over to the British Isles as the ice melted, about 10,000 BC, and presumably continued to come for many years. We have little idea of where in Europe they originated, or whether they were just one pre-IndoEuropean tribe or many. We have no idea what pre-IndoEuropean language(s) they spoke. The Celts didn't start arriving until about 400 BC, thousands of years later, and, by this time they had already split into different Celtic dialects.
So, were the Ancient Britons in any way unified, or were they many different tribes speaking different languages? If they spoke different languages it would go a long way to explaining why, by the time the Romans arrived, they were all speaking varieties of Celtic, and had adopted Celtic cultures. Did they use Gaelic and Brythonic as a way of communicating between each other, much the way in later centuries people would use Latin, or, in India, for instance, people used English to speak to each other in a land with many languages?
We man never know.
According to recent genetic studies, the earliest (Mesolithic) inhabitants of Britain originated from south-eastern Europe. Britain was sparsely populated in the Mesolithic and the new population which arrived with the Neolithic in the Late 5th millennium BC, seems to have replaced Mesolithic hunter-gatherers (almost) completely. In the mid to late 3rd millennium BC, Bronze Age peoples arrived in Britain and, apparenly, replaced the previous inhabitants completely. How that happened isn't clear. Anyway, Celtic languages must have been brought to Britain later, probably c. 1000 BC or later, apparently without any large-scale migration. At the time of the Roman invasion, Britain and Ireland had Iron Age cultures and spoke Celtic languages.
Ancient Britons weren't unified at all... they were divided into numerous tribes, which weren't always friendly to each other. We know that from Roman sources. However, they seem to have shared more or less the same culture and they all spoke (what we call) Common Brythonic. Gaelic spread from Ireland in the sub-Roman period (5th-6th c. AD). A century or two earlier, Brythonic and Gaelic (or Goidelic) were still fairly similar and possibly mutually intelligible to some degree, but at the same time they were undergoing profound changes that transformed them into their medieval forms. By that point, they weren't mutually intelligible at all.
Just a couple corrections in Welsh. "The Dragon" is "Y Ddraig", "Yn" is a different word entirely. The word "the" in welsh can either be "Y" or ""Yr" depending on if the next word starts with a vowel or not. Cath is also pronounced with a long "a" vowel. Both Draig and Cath undergo a soft mutation after "Y" because they're feminine nouns. Brilliant video
Oh no, how embarrassing! 😳 That’s what I get for going off memory instead of double checking. Diolch yn fawr iawn!
Uisce beatha is the name for whiskey in Irish. It is derived from the Old Irish uisce ("water") and bethu ("life"). Mentioned in the Annals of Clonmacnoise before ever been mentioned in Scotland (Scotti - Irish clan).
Just like on the continent:
Eau de vie in French,
Lebenswasser in German,
Acquavite in Italian,
...and so forth
So the real question is…did it come into English from Gàidhlig or Gaeilge? 🧐
@saoirseclark.......whisky is scottish in origin. uisge beatha..scottish gallic for whisky.whisky was invented in a town called lindores in fife scotland by tyronesian monks. none o that nonsense o irish monks bringing it to scotland. scotti was never an irish clan..more nonsense. the word scotti /scot is no as auld as you like to make out. it may have come from italy where they called the scottish mercenaries who served there as scotti. or, it could come from the english who called the scots by a nickname..the scotties. or , and this is the most likeliest one.....from the scandinavian word skat....you might want research your guinness too..
@@brucecollins641 😳😂😂must be miserable on your planet 😂
@@saoirseclark no, it's very interesting. you might want to type in......a brief history of the colonization of ireland and scotland | irish origenes: use your dna to rediscover your irish origin........always remember it's gallic in scotland..
Re contextual movement, English used to have something similar: whither are you going meant you were in the act of going somewhere.
I didst not knoweth!
Fun fact: Irish people people never called themselves Irish (ie Éireannaigh) in their indigenous language until relatively recently, in the grand scheme of history. They referred to themselves as Gaedheala (Gaels), their language Gaedhilge (Gaelic) and their culture as Gaedhlach (Gaelic). Éire (ie Ireland) was simply the island of the Gaels, a name derived from one of their old goddesses. Calling our people "Irish" and language "Irish" is what the English have called it in their language since the Middle Ages, and when we tragically switched to English over the 19th century Irish stuck on as the ethnonym for the people in the new tongue. With independence it would become the official English name for the language, as would adopting Éireannaigh into the native tongue, though funnily enough "Éireannais" would never catch on.
Just something to bear in mind if you ever come across Irish people complaining about this Irish/Gaelic naming issue. The irony is they're cut off from the Gaelic worldview. Purists in Ireland have no issue using the term Gaelic, or interchangeably as I do, and even prefer the ethnonym Gael to describe themselves over Irish.
There's definitely a parallel between Gàidheal and Albannach there. The problem is not all Gaels are Irish and haven't been since sometime between the Synod of Druim Cett and the loss of Dal Riada's Irish holdings in the 9th century. So it's a national security issue on the Irish side fundamentally, and would also be for a Gael-centric independent Scotland, (granted, focken fairy land is more possible at this point, but humour me).
Commenting this mid-video, and I'm curious if he brings up Scots at all. He may have already if briefly, and that would be fair enough considering it not being the focus of the video, but since he's speaking about Language and it's relation to the country of Scotland, I believe it should be mentioned somewhere.
Didn’t talk about it much in this video, but I have another video talking about it.
I agree with the most recent language analysis of Scotland. Scotland has always been a hybrid geography with 3 geographical linguistic and cultural entities and from very ancient times:-
- Highlands (Gaelic)
- Lowlands (Cumbric)
- North East (Pictish)
Note:-
- Gaelic was a shared Q-Celtic language with Ireland and the Isle of Man.
- Cumbric was a shared P-Celtic language with Lower Britain and Wales.
- Pictish was a shared Proto-Germano-P-Celtic language, with once Bronze Age Scandinavia.
Today, those same 3 Geography’s exist in Scotland, with the languages now being:-
- Highlands (Scots-Gaelic)
- Lowlands (Lowland-Scots)
- North East (Norn and Doric-Scots)
Interesting analysis! Doric and Norn speakers are also rare, right?
Doric is a North Eastern Scotland form of Scots which derives from Northumbrian English.
So the day-to-day spoken English of North Eastern Scotland will contain alot of Doric.
Norn however derives from Viking Norse and was once spoken in Caithness, Orkney and Shetland. Its now extinct but local versions of Scots are spoken within in the day-to-day English of Caithness, Orkney and Shetland which have a strong old Norn influence.
However note, that the Geography that Doric is today spoken as well as the Caithness, Orkney and Shetland Scots dialects, has a match with the Geography where Pictish was once spoken.
@bernardmolloy6241 pictish was not Proto Germanic. An existing, but outlandish, theory.
P celtic, but closer to the proto-Celtic root.
More precisely, before 800AD (the start of the Viking Age), Gaelic seems to have been limited to Argyll and perhaps (parts of) Lochaber, and Pictish was spoken everywhere else, including much of the Highlands, but also as far south as Fife. Cumbric was originally spoken in the area around the Antonine Wall and south of that, but by 800 AD, at least the Lothians and the Borders were English speaking. Not sure whether Gaelic spread into Galloway before that or later.
No one knows what Pictish was. Yes it was likely P-Celtic but hard to see how it had no link to ancient Scandinavian via Shetland.
I’m Irish and can understand although not particularly fluent in the Irish language. I happened to have spent two weeks on the coast of Scotland in the Isle of Arran region and quickly realised how similar the natural tongue of Ireland and Scotland actually are… whatever label is put on them
The word 'Gaelic' was not widely used prior to the 16th century, prior to that it's definition used to be synonymous with the word 'Scottis', so not Irish. What you call Scots-Gaidhlig is actually properly called 'Albannach' in its own tongue, which effective means Scottish, as Albannach relates to Alba (Scotland), which itself relates to the island of Great Britain's oldest and most ancient name - 'Albion'.
Irish-Gaeilge is actually 'Èirennach' (Irish) in its own language, Eirennach is not as mutually intelligible with Albannach as some people pretend it is, it has no more similarity than the braid Scots leid (which has a far richer history in Scotland by comparison incidentally) does with English, the reason why is because Albannach is far more the conservative language of the two - having retained most of its ancient forms and changed very little over time, whereas Eirennach (Irish) has evolved and changed a lot over the past thousand years or so.
Either way though, the word 'Gael' has more to do with France than either Scotland or Ireland, despite what some writers believe, it does relate etymologically to 'Gaul' - which was the name of proto-France during the Pax Romana.
As does the Greco form 'Galatia'.
Even the 'Gall' part of the word means 'foreign'.
In fact it was the Roman - Tacitus himself who believed that the southern Britons (pre-Anglo-Saxon, proto-English in all but name) were partly related to the Gauls - it was from this view of his that modern historians came up with the idea that Britons started as a wave of Celts migrating from Gaul. Even though the word Gaul itself comes from Weidhala (proto Indo-European for 'forest people').
@@Allapa-im9jr Thanks for that… I’m not disputing anything that you say but I did notice a striking similarity between the names of physical landmarks… eg the word for hills, lakes, mountains, island etc
So there must be a connection somewhere, what that original connection actually I don’t know… but I have a feeling that it’s very ancient
So similar! What dialect of Irish do you speak? It’s my understanding that Ulster Irish has more mutual intelligibility with Gàidhlig than, say, Donegal or Munster.
@@Allapa-im9jr Bhiodh an t-uirm bun-tomhasach airson an ainmean-cànain "Albannais" no, gu dearbh, "Albais" mar sin airson a' Bheurla Ghallta a-nis, chan eil "Albannach." Which is not historically attested at all tbh and people like you are, pardon the expression, pulling this out your backside. Bhiodh/Bu chòir Beurla ag ainmeachadh "Sasannais" air an achd cheudna.
Tha mí math , caraidg, Tapadh Leidh. 🏴⚔️💪
Wtf, when I translate your message, the England flag appears
‘S e ur beatha!
Now say it in proper Pict Brythonic.
Excellent video! Been learning Scottish Gaelic on duo for a few weeks now. Such a fun language to learn. Also Jesus Christ is king! :) How does one say that in Gaelic?
Sweet! It would be "Ìosa Crìost na Rìgh." :) Did you see my video on the Lord's Prayer in Gaelic?
@@CarlsLingoKingdom I didn’t but I will certainly go check that out! Been watching your videos for a few weeks and as a fellow Celtic diaspora (Scot/Welsh) I thank you sincerely for taking the time to make these videos. I will be teaching my children Scottish Gaelic as well if I can become proficient in time. Already fluent in German. None the less keep it up, such a blessing!
Bhideo air leth! Tapadh leibh. One small correction though... despite lots of people stating the contrary, Bagpipes were never banned along with highland dress etc(!) Shocker I know, but it's true 👍
Gu dearbh? Whoa! I'll have to look into that.
One point, you say that Gaelic was the language of all of Scotland, however in the far south east of the country I understand that a P Celtic language, (i.e. not Gaelic) was replaced by Old English. I'm happy to be corrected if wrong.
Brythonic people in SE and SW Scotland essentially merged with Dalriadan Gaels in the post Roman days, reacting to Saxon and then Viking incursions.
Yes, I cover the P-Celtic languages and Middle English/Early Scots in the video.
You aren't wrong. Old English spread in the south-east in the 7th century, and even to some areas in the south-west. The language that was spoken there before that was Cumbric (closely related to Welsh) which survived in the Clyde valley possibly into the 12th century. There are Gaelic place names in the SE, but not many.
Not uniformly. Toponymy reveals some presence of Gaelic settlement, probably associated with annexations of Ildulb, an Ionsaighthigh and his predecessors around or before the 950s. Many of the originally P-Celtic elements like those of Melrose are entering English through Gaelic, as is also Dunbar and possibly Duns. Innerleithen, Inbhir leithen, the confluence of the leithen (where it meets the Tweed), I think the same is going on with Innerwick, if you can identify a corresponding "wick" water nearby. There's a Ballencrieff in both East and West Lothian, from Baile na Craoibhe from identical roots).
When trying to look through modern maps, keep in mind many settlements in the lowlands and near the borders don't exist anymore due to the Lowland Clearances, and features that were only important or named by the locals might not have been written down. Also a problem trying to identify places in the only surviving song/text/poem of Galloway Gaelic, Òran Bagraidh, like Gleann na Seamraig.
For Edinburgh itself, Balerno (Am Baile Àirneach), Braid (Am Bràghad), Craigentinny (Creag an t-Sionnaich), Craiglockart (Creag Lùchairt), Corstorphine (Crios Thoirfinn), Dalmahoy (Dail MoThutha) Drum (An Druim) Dundas (Dùn Deas), Inverleith (Inbhir-Lìte), Tipperlinn (Tiobar-linne).
MidLothian: Auchencorth (Achadh na Coirthe) Benbught (Baile nam Bochd), Catcune (An Coitcheann), Dalhousie (Dail Fhoghlaisidh), Fordel (Fordail), Gask Hill (An Gasg), Glencorse (Gleann Crosg), Leadburn (Leac Bhearnard), Tipper Well (An Tiobairt), Woolmet (An Uamhach)
East Lothian: Aikengall (Achadh nan Gall, ironic), Balgone (Baile nan Co(i)n), Carbarry (Craobhbarraidh), Cockenzie (Cùil Choinnich), Dalgowrie (Dal Gobharaidh), Garvald (An Garbh Allt), Inveresk (Inbhir Easg), Kilduff (An Ceap Dubh), Knockenhair (Cnoc na h-Aire), Phantassie (Fàn Taisidh), Tarbet (An Tairbeart).
@@CuFhoirthe88 Very interesting, thanks.
All the places that used to be pictish areas are now scots speaking so im pretty sure it wasn’t the Irish who destroyed the picts, the anglos did the same thing they did to the rest of the country. New evidence shows that the picts were the same or similar as the welsh britons in the rest of the country.
@horatiotodd8723...the irish were never in scotland to destroy the picts...a fictional tale..
There is always a move by many to try to undo the Irish connection towards Scotland it really sickens me !!!
Yeah, I don’t get it. There’s clearly a strong connection, linguistically and genetically, not to mention historically.
@@CarlsLingoKingdomAll this comes from the Lowlanders losing their identity and the English and Europeans developing a fascination with Gaelic Scotland Highlanders and their culture in the 19th century (even though the Highlanders were nearly brought to the brink of extinction by the same people not 100 years before).
You throw in Ossian and the cheap attempt to pass ancient Irish legends and stories off as originating in Scotland. Also throw in another aspect the Scottish and English Presbyterians in Ulster have been attempting to rewrite history to say in essence "We wus the real Irish" - yes it's as comical as it sounds.
@@matthewbarry376I once had a guy legitimately argue to me that the Picts were native to Ireland and the Gaels were British originally, and that we wiped out the Picts in Ireland! (They made it up to justify the ulster plantations, and the guy kept on about how we deserved it!)
@@CarlsLingoKingdom that's because ireland(certainly ulster) was colonized by the early peoples of scotland..
@@matthewbarry376 most irish culture/music originated in scotland. also, it's gallic in scotland no the mythical made up gaelic. the irish came from scotland. most irish history is adaptations of other nations histories..
Is fìor thoil leam eachdraidh air na cannan!
better broken gaelic than dead gaelic as they say. a lot of scots dont feel the need for it anymore these days and anyone obviously aware of how endagered it is are trying. finding gaelic lessons in certain parts is a nightmare. and believe it or not trying to find chanter lessons in order to play pipes is a mission too, i'm glasgow born and native to the west coast and islands heritage wise , i think we already have a deceased gaelic ( arran) so if i pronounce my surname in gaelic i get funny looks, because pronunciations differ here and there as does english dialects and other dialects. it's bizarre how many there are in our wee land.
my more recent ancestors before flitting to the mainland would have spoke arran gaelic, wee bit different from the western isles outer hebrides. arran is inner hebrides, and they say that gaelic is dead now. hence the funny looks i get saying my name 'wrong' maybe a tiny bit is still alive there.
anyway macmhurchaidh , pronounced mac voorichay western isles , i was taught mac voorikitch, and being unmarried nic ( daughter of ) mhurchaidh murdo murdoch ( sea warrior) in irish murphy. some of my great grandparents got fed up trying to spell their name so adopted murphy for ease. i use murphy to call a taxi lol just cant be ar'ed spelling it out now lol
Aidh! Is fheàrr Gàidhlig bhriste na Gàidhlig sa chiste. Surprised to hear there’s not still a few speakers on Arran, and that it’s hard to find piping instructions. I have a friend who travels to Skye every so often to meet other pipers and practice!
@@CarlsLingoKingdom If that's Arran in the Clyde estuary, no there aren't any speakers of the original local dialect left although there still were some about 40-50 years ago. But there are people in Arran who can speak Gaelic, who moved there from other areas.
No, i speak irish gaelic, and when i refer to it, whether speaking either gaelic or hiberno english, i always call it gaelic, and not irish as do plenty of native speakers from donegal
Interesting! So you disagree with the clip of the Irish speaker I included? Glad to know there’s variation in Ireland on terminology.
@@CarlsLingoKingdomthere’s a TH-camr called Patchy who speaks Irish natively and exclusively refers to it as Gaelic. A lot of native speakers call it Gaelic. It was common to call it Gaelic until the foundation of the Irish Free State but for whatever reason Irish was adopted by the non-Irish speaking population. Some of them get very upset when you call it Gaelic in fact, because they feel the language is theirs and therefore have the right to dictate it’s name to the native population. There’s some debate but you won’t hear it because there’s very few native Irish speakers online who talk about it and most Irish langauge material you find on this site and elsewhere comes from native English speakers.
Are you sure Urdu isn’t the original language of Scotland?
I'm not sure that the Picts would agree that Gaelic was "the historic language of Scotland".
As Pictish had a large influence on Gaelic, and the Picts merged culturally with the Gaels, it's accurate. I spoke about this at length.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom naw yer taak'n havers. You're a larping American colonist on youtube. reality check fannie.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom It would appear that Pictish was a British language, whereas the likelihood is that Gaelic originally was not.
@@markaxworthy2508 He has explained the different branches of "Celtic" languages... while this video speaks to how Gaedhlig became the vernacular in Scotland until the later middle ages, the origins of Irish Gaeilge are even more difficult to divine. The great probability is that the language was introduced by settlers from the island of Britain, though there is some discussion that it came directly from northern Spain. This is unlikey for logistical reassons.
The word "Britain" is Celtic... as in ancient Britons. The Romans clearly called the island Britannia. However, "British" as used for the past few hundred years has morphed. What can accurately be said is that Scottish Gaedhlig and Irish Gaeilge originated from Brythonic Celtic, whereas English is a Germanic tongue modified by Norman French.
@@AnBreadanFeasa Irish originated in Ireland. It's a Gaelic language. It's a distant cousin of Brythonic (ie modern Welsh and Breton), not a descendent, this is something with 100% academic agreement. There is documented trade between Ireland and northern Spain going back to the Bronze Age, and the Indo-Europeans involved in this may well be the original source of Celtic. There was no logistical issue, the sea was the preferred method of transport for goods and people up until the 19th century Railways came along.
Hello!
Glè inntinneach! Tapadh leat
‘S e ur beatha!
Fuair tú anocht. Maith thú!
Is breá liom an teangeacha Ceilteacha freisin.
Múinim Gaeilge ar na cúiseanna céanna.
Beidh mé ar ais.
Coinnigh suas an obair iontach!!
Mòran taing!
Archeologists saying that the Irish didn't create Scotland is absurd and is purely hatred for the truth of history. It is to pretend Dal Riada is a myth. That to be called Scotti meant an Irishman. Its very sad and very insulting.
The Irish were definitely involved in the creation of Scotland. I never said they weren’t.
That's not what they claim, but there's nothing in the archaeological record that proves there was a migration from Ireland to Scotland in the Late Roman period and immediately after that. However, this might mean the migration involved a small number of people, possibly warrior bands or so, rather than a large population.
Its also possible that Dalriada was simply a Gaelic water kingdom made up of the same people in part of the north of Ireland and part of the west of Scotland which didn’t involve any invasion at all. After all the narrow sea could be easier to traverse than the heavily wooded mountainous interior.
@@davidpryle3935 It's possible. However, Argyll isn't that isolated from the rest of Scotland, there are lots of river valleys and mountain passes that connect various areas. Interactions between Picts and Gaels must have been frequent since they eventually led to the Gaelicisation of the Picts (rather than some invasion or conquest, as people used to believe). In any case, the Gaelic families that ruled in Argyll back then all traced their ancestry to Ireland. The Gaelic language must have originated in Ireland too. I don't see how it's possible that people around Glasgow spoke Cumbric, those in Kilcreggan and Dunoon spoke Gaelic, and they're divided only by a river estuary, which is far easier to cross than the Straits of Moyle, unless there were migrations that created that situation. There probably were small scale migrations in both directions (given the fact there were groups in Ireland called Cruithin, cf. Cruithentuath 'Picts').
@@davidmandic3417 Yes indeed. But you need to be a bit wary of that “Cruithin” subject. Most of what you read about it is of very recent origin, and highly politicised, and strays into the realm of pseudo history.
Tha beagan Gaidhlig agam agus Tha mi ann an Carolina a Tuath.
Glè mhath! Càit a bheil ann a Carolina a Tuath?
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Roper, on the south shore of the Albemarle Sound. Will you be at the Highland Games in Beaufort, NC next month? I enjoy your videos, I took your advise and signed up for Jason's online class, It's actually quite fun. I've been learning for a couple months on Duolingo as well. My Gaidhlig is very limited, but I'm learning.
@@charliealexander9068 It's Gaelic or Gallic when you write it in "English".. just as 'Crack' should be "CRACK" when written in Scots or English, it is not 'craic', nor a gaelic concept.
@@AAA-fh5kd I'm pretty sure I was not talking to you, but thanks, I'll make a knoat of that.
@@charliealexander9068 Ye feckin eejit did A ax ye f aw? naw. Joag oan *untsmear ya larpin fud.
Scottish Gaelic was originally a language of expediency by a Caledonian/Pictish tribe called the Epidii who lived in Argyleshire. They found it difficult to interact with other Caledonian/Pictish tribes due to the mountainous region surrounding Argyleshire. It was much easier to interact with people across the water in Ireland. So they adopted the Irish/Gaelic language. Towards the end of the 6th century Irish missionairies converted the pagan Picts to Christianity which introduced them to the Gaelic language. The Scoti/Epidii aristocracy started to intermarry with the Caledonian/Pictish aristocracy towards the end of the 7th century. This promoted even more usage of the Gaelic language. The Viking raids and incursions of the 9th century involved many battles with the Caledonians/Picts and resulted in the deaths of the Pictish king and his nobles. It also resulted in the loss of much of the territory of the Scoti/Epidii. Nevertheless, the Scoti/Epidii aristocracy were able to claim the Pictish lands of the dead king and his nobles due to family connections and previous intermarriages. So this resulted in the birth of the nation of Alba eventually called Scotland with its Gaelic language, which eventually went out of fashion in most of the eastern and southern parts of Scotland by the 13th century.
Thanks for summarizing part of my video! 😂 I think it’s so cool how these different motivations all influenced the change that took place. History is fascinating! 🧐😸
Good summary.
@billmclauren6959.....maybe you should research a bit deeper. it's gallic in scotland coming from the frankish regions of europe. scotti is a myth in ireland..
No, an anachronistic, posh English accent doesn't "totally fit the tone". James I had a broad Scots brogue and education to this very day is a Scottish preserve. It, like domestic law, was a reserved area under the Act of Union. The retreat of Gaelic is essentially an internal Scottish phenomenon.
Which is why I said "that's not how they talked" but carries the tone of superiority, looking down on Gaelic.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom So why use an anachronistic, posh English accent to convey this when it had nothing to do with the English, posh or not? Are we now to be reduced to racial caricatures? Don't the facts stand up for themselves?
@@CarlsLingoKingdom British people have always looked down on Gaelic because it is an Irish import. How it ever became the language of the Scottish nobles in 1054 is fascinating and unbelievable. In England, the Germanic language replaced the native insular Celtic languages by conquest, but in Scotland there is nothing like that. When Gaelic arrived in Scotland in 794, there were already three languages being used there, Pictish, Scots and Old English, why the nobles chose to adopt Irish is a complete mystery.
@@davidgreen6490 So everything you just said is actually lies and I'm going to correct that record for the people actually capable of analysing linguistic-historical evidence.
_Annals of Tigernach_ entry for 501AD (6th century): *"Feargus Mor* mac *Earca* cum gente *Dal Riada* partem Britaniae tenuit, et ibi mortuus est." While these are 10th century (900s) forms of the names, *Erc* can be verified as belonging to a very antique tradition, bear with us. The _Tuigraind Bhécáin_ survives as a 16th century copy, but linguistic analysis shows the content itself to belong solidly to the 7th century AD(600s). What is that content? A poem about *Columb Cille.* Of special importance is a description of his journey "the course in which the hero ran reaches the darkness of the place of *Erc."* Which aligns with the two traditions of *Columba* leaving Ireland to come to Scotland and that of a ruler of the Dal Riata called *Erc*, (Kelly 1975) the *Reuda* tradition. The venerable *Bede,* a contemporary and acquaintance of *Adomnan,* is promulgating the *Reuda* tradition of *Fergus Mór's* lineage in the 8th century AD (700s), before you say they show up!
The 10th century _Book of Armagh_ writes about *Fergus Mór* in 8th, possibly 7th, century language, indicating references to earlier material and traditions. The _Annals of Ulster_ give the death of Fergus' son and successor, Domangart in 501AD (6th century), the _AofU_ is again a 10th century work, but clearly based on older manuscripts. For example, Domangart's full name is given as "Domangart mac Nisse Reti." *_Reti_* is the 7th century genitive of Riata, as in Dal Riata.
Excavation of the material culture at Dun Add showing extensive contact with contemporary Ireland, the role of Iona in Christianising the region, Charles Edwards' _Early Christian Ireland_ and Bannerman's _Studies in the History of Dalriada,_ place the establishment of Dál Riata in the 4th or 5th century AD (300s or 400s). We know that Gaelic is the dominant language of Western Scotland in the beginning of the Viking Age, 794 is significant as the date of the first Viking Raids on Iona--a centre of Gaelic Christianity founded in the 530s--and Gaelic Scotland.
Dal Riata and their kings, however, may not be the only relevant detail. Toponymic analysis of Galloway and south western Scotland by *W.F.H. Nicolaisen* points to the earliest layers of Gaelic placenames as "sliabh-" and "carraig" (i.e. Carrick) in the old Galloway region, indicating Irish settlement near contemporary with the creation of Dal Riata in parts of south western Scotland. This situation may have been a more permanent version of what happened in some Welsh kingdoms, with Brythonic princes ruling over Gaelic minorities until Strathclyde is brought into Scotia proper. Because that's the other language you missed out, common Brittonic/Old cumbrian/Old Welsh.
Most historians date the extinction of Pictish to the 11th century. English historian *Henry of Huntingdon* (1088 - c. 1157) notes that Pictish identity has been forgotten in his 12th century _Historia Anglorum._ But Pictauia had been part of the Kingdom of Alba since since its establishment by Gaelic King Causantín mac Cináeda, succeeding his paternal uncle Donald I as dual King of both the Gaels and the Picts, these are the Alpinids, the early Dunkelds, and they rule Pictland because of Cináed mac Ailpin's 840s conquest. The Picts themselves had converted to Ionan Christianity centuries ago by this point, and were in close contact with their Gaelic counterparts ever since. All this is to say they had a long time been undergoing Gaelicisation. The very first royal courts of the 9th centuries and noble courts of the very nucleus and foundation of the Scottish state as we knew it, were Gaelic, and dominated by Gaels and our language. Without us, gun sinn, na Gàidheil, there would be no Scotland of which to speak. This position of prestige is really only starts to turn in the 12th century (1100s) when David I brings in Norman allies and their Anglo-Saxon servants.
Finally, the vernacular Anglic "Scots" as such did not exist in the 700s. At all. Old English, as spoken in the Kingdom of Bernicia/Northumbria was not yet significantly distinct from its proper English counterparts. Scots, or Middle Scots, doesn't diverge from English until the Middle English period 1066 to late 1400s. I find the fixation on Northumbria by anti-Gaels interesting, because the Northumbrians did not share their displeasure with Gaeldom so aggressively. The kingdoms were naturally in conflict at times, but Iona Gaels played an important role Christianising the Northumbrians. We can again look at Bede, whose _Ecclesiastical History_ tells us that King Aldfirth of Northumbria in the late 7th century spent his exile in Iona, was a fluent speaker of Old Gaelic/Irish, and he wrote Old Gaelic poetry under the name Flann Fína mac Ossu which is still read today in Irish literary circles.
You like Scots? One of the greatest Middle/Early modern Scots, as in the Anglic lede, poets is Ualtair Cinnéidigh, a Carrick-Ayrshire Gael and Makar of the king's court c.1500 who in a comedy fictionalised Flyting with his contemporary and acquaintance William Dunbar jests:
Thou lufis nane Irische, elf, I understand,
Bot it suld be all trew Scottis mennis lede;
It was the gud langage of this land,
And Scota it causit to multiply and sprede
When the Irish first heard the English speak they called their language "Bearla".
Bearla means "Gibberish".😂😂😂
Chò èibhinn!
Im a Northern Irish/Scot from the ONeill/Macdonald families!
Of course Scotland got Gaelic from the invasion of the Northern Irish (Dal Riada)
The Macdonald clan dominated the western Isles of Scotland (Harris to Mull of Kintyre).
Macdonalds and Campbells used to fight,so not a shock a guy called Campbell disagrees with this!
@garymacdonald7165........no gaelic in scotland...gallic. which came from the frankish regions of europe.. there was never any invasion from ireland into scotland..
@@brucecollins641 😆You don't know what the "Dal Riada" was OK,we will leave it there!
@@garymacdonald7165 a certainly do know what dalriada is. the area in scotland is about 3 times the size o the one in ulster which suggests from scotland to ireland. there is evidence from scotland to ireland...nothing but mythical writings from ireland to scotland. also, the area in scotland looks suspiciously like the area the vikings ruled. irish monks were very adept at taking other nations histories and adapting them to suit ireland..
@@brucecollins641 Then why is it spelt it Gaidhlig in the language itself? And Gallic is just a false cognate - the modern name Gaidhlig is just pronounced similarly.
The language is clearly not Germanic.
@@briang541 it's gallic in scotland. type in......the gaulcross hoard.(gaulcross an area in aberdeen). then........the newbridge chariot (believed to be of gaulish design).....then......the enigmatic coins of the celtic tribes of britain........
Since you've studied Gàidhlig you know that its even more challenging cousin, Old Irish, did not just spread through Scotland from a few visiting Irish Gaels who came to visit after those Scots had resisted the Roman legions for hundreds of years and before those very same Scots sent Gallowglass to Ireland. Gàidhlig got to Scotland the same way the Britons, the Romans, and the Anglo-Saxons did - across the English Channell. Ireland was downstream of Scotland both genetically and linguistically. Now we no longer have to be quiet when we are told of magical invasions and people just deciding to speak languages akin to Old Irish. Those never made sense, and they didn't happen.
I agree the invasion story doesn’t seem as plausible. Are you saying Old Irish/Q Celtic came from the Continent?
The term 'Scots/Irish' shouldn't ever be used ever, not even as a contemporary marker, never mind historically, as a valid identity of Dalriada as the historic Irish at that time were called 'Hiberni' in the classical Latin script - the 'lingua Franca' of the day, whilst the historic Scots were 'Scotti' in Latin for 'Scottish'. The term 'Pict' only started to be used on record for the ancient proto-Kingdom of Alba (the root of the Scottish nation, the North-East Scottish town of Arbroath also came to be known as the true birthplace of the Scottish nation itself) by the Roman writer Eumenius in the year 297 when he wrote a congratulatory letter to Tacitus that year - this was still during the 'Barbarian conspiracy' where the term 'Attacotti' later gained prominence in the Southwest and prior to it's height in 367 culminating in the era now known as the 'Great Conspiracy', while Dalriada was also an early maritime Scottish kingdom at a time that stretched to Antrim, when South of Black Pigs Dyke, Hibernia (Ireland) was many different petty kingdoms and England was itself still a heptarchical nation.
The Scotti of Antrim were also referred to as 'Cruthin' by the early Hiberno/Hiberni (Irish), the same name they used to refer to the people of Alba (Scotland), St. Patrick acknowledges the distinction between the Scotti and the Hiberni in his Epistle to the cheiftain Corroticus.
Hibernia was renamed as Ireland after 1542 by Pope Leo X, and all the people of that land (whether Hiberni (the actual historic Irish) or not), including the Scotti (Scottish of the North) and the Anglo (English of the South) on the island of Hibernia, though the Scotti of the North shared more affinity with the Scots of Scotland than the Southerly Hiberno and their (for a time) Anglo allies, historic figures such as Scáthach, Connla and Aífe in particular also come to mind.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom It's an Indo-European language. It came from the continent with Indo-European mass migrations.
@@Allapa-im9jrI was hoping to get through the comment section without anyone putting a modern political spin on such an interesting video, and I’d almost succeeded, until I came to your comment.
Just a piece of advice for people in America or elsewhere, when someone starts pontificating and giving chapter and verse on what is supposed to have happened in Ireland thousands of years ago in pre (recorded) history, you can be 100% sure they have a political agenda.
@@davidpryle3935 Then you should be able to appreciate the content of the comment, as much of these terms you use are modern constructs that have no historical equivalents, couldn't help but see the massive sense of irony in your responce there. Also, I'm not talking about what happened in Ireland thousands of years ago, I don't tend to go any further back than 200 BC at the very earliest when discussing this topic as it's from that period that much of what I have raised here occurs. If by the thousands of years ago, you are talking about the bronze age, that is not my focus, and it would be a moot point anyway if you also agree with the idea that Ireland's earliest people were in-fact British anyway. What I'm referring to fundamentally is the circumstances that have led to the confusions that now currently exist which has been reinforced as factual, largely by foreigners for the most part, particularly by Americans, particularly around the idea that the Scots were Irish or vice versa.
This is one of the biggest myths and falsehoods of the lay of our time on this history, when the exact opposite process is closer to the truth, in that the earlier wave of Scotti settlers of Northern Hibernia (Ulster) were later re-labled as 'Irish' when Pope Leo X imposed the name of Irish on the whole island and all of it's people, regardless of whether they were actually Hiberni (the actual historic Irish) or not, this not includes the Scotti colonisers of the North but the Anglo colonisers of the South, all of them, together with the Hiberni majority were relabled Irish. While the Scots of Scotland were never Irish and still retain their ancient national identity to this day, the eldest nation of N. Europe, the oldest nation of the British isles, and with the oldest national flag design in the world, symbolic of the blue sky with a white saltire shape formed by four sun rays. If you think Pope Leo X and his involvement is modern political spin, you couldn't be any more misguided I'm afraid, I mentioned this because that part of history is suppressed and rarely ever covered despite how significant it is to the whole situation as it has come to be on these nations.
Gaelic term is used in ireland but not for the language ,its an adjective that refers to the irish native culture and most commonly to Gaelic games such as Gaelic Football and hurling .These sports are Governed by the Gaelic Athletic association..
In donegal, irish language is often referred to by irish speakers as 'the gaelic' when speaking english
Does anyone in Ireland also refer to themselves as “Gaels?”
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Yes slightly different to the scottish highlanders ,as its used more specifically to denote a member of the Gaelic Athletic Association,but gaelic games are tied very strongly to irish identity its understood to mean ethnic and national identity.Outside that context most ordinary people would refer to themselves as irish but then again a huge % of those are members of the GAA.
@@wicklowpiper1812 I have heard some people in donegal say that but i thought it was only up around tory island.
The Irish language is just Irish, in the language itself it is called Gaeilge. But Gaelic would technically be an improper and muddled reference.
The highlanders were "the most feared fighting force in Western Europe"? Source, please? They may have worried London occasionally, but I don't think they were quaking in their boots in Paris, Madrid or Rome! The later description of them as "the nuisance of the northwest" is probably more accurate.
Actually Highland mercenaries were a thing on the continent for centuries
During the 16th and 17th centuries Scots mercenaries travelled to many parts of Europe including to the Netherlands where they fought with the Dutch, and in Belgium alongside Spaniards.
There were some notable figures from the west Highlands and Islands who fought with the Spanish in the early 17th Century.
They included Sir James MacDonald, Chief of Clan Donald South; Alasdair Mac Ranald, chief of the Macdonalds of Keppoch, and Archibald Campbell, the 7th Earl of Argyll.
The Hebrides provided a rich resource in fighting men for these battles abroad.
Continental houses from Denmark, Norway, Spain, the holy Roman Empire, France frequently called on Scots troops.
Between 1419 and 1424, 15,000 Scots left for France where they helped the French to defeat the English at the Battle of Bauge in 1421.
Scots went on to fight alongside Joan of Arc and helped her to relieve besieged Orleans from English soldiers.
@@ce5894 Indeed, "Highland mercenaries were a thing on the continent for centuries", but this doesn't make them "the most feared fighting force in Western Europe". They were just a minor part of a mix that included English and German Free Companies, Italian Condottieri, Swiss and Landsknechts, among others. However, it is fair to say that the original Gallowglasses were, for a while, the most feared fighting force in Ireland.
@markaxworthy2508 no, it really does. They were marketed because of their reputation.
My name is Macghillebhain and im Proud born 'N' bred Englishman Maxplankworthy is a "TIT" of the highest order..
Aj kiep seejing dis toe maj inglish spieking frends... Inglish spelling is hweej moor diffukelt den ennie odder jeuroopiejen lenkhwitsj... End jes... Det inkloeds Gàidhlig spelling :)
(this was written from a Dutch perspective to show how weird English spelling is if you're not a native speaker.. 😂.)
Haha! Brilliant.
In the language itself it is pronounced “Gar - Leek”
Cha, chan eil e. Tha Gàidhlig a' fuaimeachadh mar sin /gaːlɪgʲ/ ... chan eil /r/ ann idir.
Bidh eadar-theangachadh an-còmhnaidh a’ toirt a-mach mì-chinnt! 'S e 'a' fada a th' anns a' chiad lide. Is dòcha gum bu chòir dhomh a bhith air 'aa' a sgrìobhadh.
@@hengist1740 Seadh.
Gle mhatn mata a Thearlach
Taing!
Abair deagh bhideo. Moran taing airson seo a' bhalaich.
‘S e ur beatha!
Surely, Gaelic is about as native to Scotland as English is?
Gaelic is a native language of Scotland. English isn't. Today, most people speak Scots English.
Did you watch the whole video? I go over this in detail.
@CarlsLingoKingdom superb video btw. As a Scot, very impressed with your interest.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Scots/old english is as 'native' to "Scotland" (which didnt exist) as 'Gaelic' would be. None of that nonsense about influence from brittonic adds up.
@@ce5894 Mòran taing!
Are you wearing a clerical collar? Is mise sagart.
Chan eil muse sagart. However, I lead a Bible study group at my congregation.
The anglo saxons killed pictish arriving on the east coast where the picts were, the gaels only historically lived on the other side of the highlands and lived mostly in peace
Um nah the Irish gaels killed you, and Anglo-saxon saved the rest...
@@wor53lg50 'S e iadsan a th' annainn. Agus tha dà sibh ceàrr. th-cam.com/video/Lq_eJFrmu78/w-d-xo.html
@@CuFhoirthe88 exactly Ulster Gaelic, now how did that get into Scotland huh.... You jocks are bigger hypocrites than paddy's, with your made up historys and Victim card playing..
Why hide my reply, so again il say again, exactly Ulster Gaelic, now how did that get into Scotland, you Do know Britons spoke Brythonic right, you jocks are as bad as paddys making up History and playing the victim..
Got here because i started watching outlander😆
It's a good try to gain some Scottish history, but the linguists have pretty much disproved it now. Scots Gaelic is a direct descendant of middle Irish, it cannot be any older than 900 AD in Scotland.
Its true that the lack of archaeology is an issue, but the origin of the language is indisputable..
Definitely shares Old/Middle Irish as an ancestor, but it's not purely Irish. It's got P-Celtic elements that probably entered before 900AD, as I showed.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Scottish Gaelic is a DIRECT DESCENDANT OF MIDDLE IRISH! We even know the date it arrived in Scotland. It has absorbed Brythonic based elements, as all invading languages have, but no, it is impossible for any form of Gaelic to have origins outside of Ireland.
What you are suggesting is like saying English is 3,000 years old because it has Brythonic elements in it.
It's nonsense, I'm afraid.
I feel just as sorry for what happened to Scotland, it has a uniquely devastating elimination of its cultural history, having been invaded from all four sides, but we cannot allow this kind of revisionism because of that.
lol I agree that it comes from Irish. I just don’t think there’s a ton of evidence for the traditional Irish invasion theory. I think Woolf’s theory of a shared cultural development of Gaelic before 900 is more likely. But, I’m also not a historian or linguist, just a learner.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom These are minor. Pit/pen< Aber are clearly brittonic as in Pitlochry, Aberdeen and Penicuik...
@@CarlsLingoKingdom It's not "Irish" either.. its just Gaelic, all of 'gaeilge/gahlig/gaelg' is all just "Gaelic" they are all one language.
"Irish" is a 20th century branding of the 'national language' of 'Ireland' in "English" but it should be "Gaelic" in English and "Scottish Gaelic" and Manx Gaelic" are dialect branches of the one language "Gaelic"..
In Scotland since the 1800's "Erse" was the term used for Scottish Gaelic.. So.. in that case Scottish Gaelic again..is just "Gaelic" if 'Irish' really means 'Gaelic'.
Thats easy it comes from Irish colonialism in Britain due to the Dal Riada ,Britain Brythonics not Gaelic ...
So…did you watch the documentary to see if that has historical evidence?
@@CarlsLingoKingdom... it has historical mythical nonsense. no scots came from ireland..
@@brucecollins641 still being a taig hypocrite i see Brucey... Go put them green Socks on yer fake Fooker..make sure they clean and ent to stinky..maybe if you really wanted the CLASH to stop, then you and your Irish ancestors should stop being hypocrites and be honest about your history instead of inventing it like your socialist ideology perceives...
Chuir stair na coimhlinte agus an tseasaimh seo le teannas agus doicheall leanúnach na nÉireannach, agus a teanga - le hAlbain.
Btw, your hillbilly Scots in NC are nothing to be boasting about - civil war!
Why is a foreign Yank talking about another people's nation?
Because knowledge has no nationality.
Not my passport, but my people and now my language.
@@CarlsLingoKingdomScots are not Yanks. Yanks are a unique different people from the Scots with their own unique different nation of their own people, and their own unique different language and their own separate history that does not apply to Scots.
A passport merely confirms ones granted rights to enter a country, I could apply for a USian Yankee passport, but if I did, I would never in a million years claim to be a Yank just because I had a Yank passport, Yanks are a distinct people of a distinct nation with their own distinct ethnicity and wide ranging characteristic paraphernalia very distinctly different from the Scots in so many ways. In the context of language though, a Yanks ethnic American accent is an irrefutable part of their American ethnicity, there are many words a Yank ethnic tongue can't naturally enunciate.
@@aidanwalsh2545There is a questionably disproportionate amount of Americans talking about other people's countries rather than their own.
@@Allapa-im9jrexactly, don't do it, as you're gradually being hated and dispised by your ancestors for playing this woke identity politics game!!! Trust me from a proud " CATUVELLAUNI" still home in England...
James 6th was Scots speaking and a Scottish King.
Yes, but he didn't seem to be a fan of Gaelic.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom Scottish kings since the time of the Stewarts and Bruces and before wouldnt have been in favor of other 'kings/lords'.. as neither were the Stewarts a fan of the Borderers,> Johny Armstrong for example. You're sitting there in America, a Larping 21st century american (with 'gaelic' ancestry just like me) and trying to play post-modern 'oppression' olympics, tired arguments linking Gaelicness with 'indigenousness' (ala the native americans/1st nations). Fact of the matter is Gaelic 'culture'.. tannistry was just as crap as any other feudal system.
@@CarlsLingoKingdom He wasn't a 'fan' of rogue Gaelic (Anglo-norman Old english too) in his inherited lands. Duh. This isnt sunday school man..and there you are sat in a colonized continent, you're speaking what.. Cherokee? Give me a break, it's 2024, everything is different. We cannot use the state of the world at present to compare the day of James the 1st/6th in any sense. If you understand the world at that time, everything makes perfect 'sense' as to why they did what they did. No mystery, no 'injustice'.