Why is There Absolute Zero Temperature? Why is There a Limit?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 ก.พ. 2023
- The highest temperature scientists obtained at the Large Hadron Collider is 5 trillion Kelvin.
The lowest temperature that people managed to obtain is 0.000000000038 (38 picoKelvin) or minus 273.14 degrees Celsius or minus 459.66 degrees Fahrenheit.
But is there anything else hotter or colder? What does "colder" or "hotter" mean? Why are some objects warmer than others? What is absolute zero, and why is it -459.67 Fahrenheit and -273.15 Celsius? Keep watching to learn this from the video!
Absolute zero.
#reyouniverse
For those who haven't watched the vid yet: very simple put, temperature is a measurement of the "vibrations" of individual atoms in a material. Hotter stuff vibrates more, and vibrations can be transfered between materials. There is a minimum temperature because once an atom stops vibrating, it can't vibrate any less than not vibrating.
It's also impossible to make an atom not "vibrate." The Uncertainty Principle at work. You can't freeze in place a quantum particle.
Based on that, I wonder if the solar system is formed by sun's vibration not the sun's gravity 🤯😆🤔
That's why cold is just a concept and it's actually the absence of heat
@@Wilky971 just like there is no darkness..it's just absence of light.
@@DeathByBaconHawk No, gravity is a very, distinct different force. Vibrations usually don't attract stuff, and at the scale of stars, they would certainly push away/destroy the matter said vibrations come into contact.
Matter tells space-time how to distort, and space-time tells matter how to behave, thus creating gravity.
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I guess i had better watch it
@@lesbueckert7913 buckle up!
Well shit, I guess I'll roll one first. Thanks
Don’t mind if I do
Here!, Hrere! opps, i'm stoned!
The UK doesn’t use Fahrenheit like this video proclaims. We use Celsius/Centigrade. For some reason during Sunmer, TV weather forecasters like to also tell you what a hot day is in Fahrenheit too. I have no idea why though.
Technically, we do use Fahrenheit, though the older generation (our parents / grandparents) era, not the people since 1970s more or less
They probably do it in case some dumb American is visiting the country. In America a lot of things are written in English and Spanish in case a Spanish speaking person is visiting us.
Could be that there are non native people in the UK who don’t use the metric system so they too can know the temperature outside if they can’t or don’t know the conversion table
@@davidgessin-mccully3919 Easiest way is go outside if you shiver go get a coat if you sweat go get a t shirt then you dont need to know any numbers at all
@@davedixon2068
That’s very true, but if you’re like me and sweat when it’s 30* or sweat when it’s 100* that isn’t quite the case lmao. I take clothes off I sweat if I have layers on I sweat so I’ll never be comfortable at any temperature whether it’s Celsius or Fahrenheit 😂😂
The reason for this limit is due to the laws of thermodynamics. The third law of thermodynamics states that it is impossible to lower the temperature of any system to absolute zero in a finite number of steps. This is because as the temperature decreases, the amount of heat available to the system also decreases, and it becomes increasingly difficult to remove the remaining heat energy.
In addition, the second law of thermodynamics states that heat naturally flows from hot to cold objects, and this flow can never be reversed without external intervention. This means that it is impossible to completely remove all heat energy from a system and reach absolute zero.
While achieving absolute zero temperature is currently impossible in practice, scientists have come very close to it in laboratory settings. The study of ultra-cold temperatures has led to many important discoveries and applications, such as in the fields of superconductivity and quantum computing.
Magnetism is not governed by the laws of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics is governed by magnetism.
@@JehovahsaysNetworth They are interdependent.
How do you know all that?
@@ericephemetherson3964 the magnetic field is not governed by the temperature of thermodynamics
The law Thermodynamics is not faster than the speed of light therefor the law of thermodynamics cannot govern the magnetic field of the magnetism. Singularity.
The reason we have negative temperature is simply that the temperature scales arbitrarily set a certain temperature as zero, in spite of that temperature not being actually zero temperature (zero motion). It would as if we had decided that 14 inches was zero meters, so anything shorter that 14 inches, in the Metric system of length measurement, was negative meters in length
What's arbitrary to you was not arbitrary to the originators at the time. Someday your opinions will be considered arbitrary too. Some day sooner than you think in fact.
It is always fun to try and explain to people that there is technically no such thing as cold, only things that are less hot.
Or how an air conditioner or refrigerator does not actually produce cold air, but absorbs and moves heat energy from a space.
i love knowledge and this seemed so simple yet i was never taught this and that frustrates me while also exciting me
learn something new every day man.
It is always fun take people with me skiing when they are unpreared and suddenly start complain about feeling lesser hot.
Technically people aren't poor they just have less money
No such things as cold? You haven't met my ex-wife.....
"No such thing as cold" wow.... Just wow
I remember Omni Magazine had an article in about 1987 on superconductors. There was a quote that stuck with me for decades.
“Liquid Nitrogen is cheaper than beer and can easily be kept in a picnic cooler overnight.”
It struck me funny.
A couple of things to say here (from a physics PhD), 3rd law of thermodynamics DOES NOT state that it is not possible to lower the T to absolute zero. It states that even when a material reaches to absolute 0, entropy of the system will be finite. That means, fluctuations of primary constituents of a system (atoms in materials, etc) will still vibrate or they will not be in an absolutely stationary state even when they are cooled to absolute zero. Also, 2nd law of thermodynamics originally defines the entropy and together with the 0th law it explains the heat flow.
Are you sure?
Because if something reaches absolute 0 entropy would obviously have to become finite. I would hope anyway! Otherwise we would be in big trouble!
For those who don't understand "entropy" is basically the using up of or loss of energy, kind of wearing it out, and for those who REALLY don't understand "finite" means it has a limit.
So if something reaches absolute 0 the loss of any energy would have to stop at some point because otherwise the only energy left would be the energy of the electrons and neutrons and so on orbiting the atoms' cores holding the material together! If it were to use up or lose any further energy the material would disintegrate into it's individual atoms. Actually worse than that. It would be some strange atomic cores with no electrons orbiting them!
Of course the more something cools down the more the atoms it's made of calm down and stop rubbing against one another. Of course that rubbing together causes friction and friction causes heat due to the messy rubbing around causing electrons and so on to get knocked loose and fly off.
Those loose electrons and so on can be gathered by other things being where we get heat and electrical power.
So if we cooled something down cold enough or caused the atoms to absolutely stop moving at all enough that we could force the atoms to have no other choice than to use the last of their energy, their own electrons and so on, could we collect the bare atomic cores and then experiment with trying to basically crush or grind them down to disintegrate the actual cores? (I know not really "crush" or "grind", but you get the idea.) Also if we could I wonder if it would show what I've been talking about that mass being made of mega condensed energy and thus turn that mass back into energy?! Then we could figure out how to collect the energy released. Almost providing a sort of cold fission, sort of the "holy grail" of energy we have been looking for in "cold fusion". Haha! Basically get power out of collecting the energy from the electrons lost during the cooling process and then collect the energy from turning the bare atomic cores back into energy.
The thing is how much energy would it take to even perform the process and would it be more than the energy collected?
In all reality and honestly though I believe that if we were to figure all this out and then could turn mass back into the energy it was made from and all this turned out to be a real possibility the energy would have to be so condensed that you could power large nations per second per atomic core!
Makes me often wonder if atoms aren't made of even smaller atom like things and those things are what we currently identify as bits or if you will sort of "particles of energy". Thus inferring that energy is a form of smaller mass particles.
Of course energy does have an effect on things, push, pull other particles, atoms and so on. Essentially that's what holds atoms together to make molecules that in turn make mass of various forms. The electrons and so on fly around or "orbit" the atomic cores of atoms so fast that they seem to be in all positions around the atomic cores at once so if two atoms that are held together try to stray away from each other they bump into the electrons and so on. Those electron "particles" are flying around the atomic cores so fast they act like a belt. So if the core can bump into the "particle" of energy keeping it in place that would indicate it has some kind of mass? Or at least a mass like nature. Right?
So again, perhaps atoms and their parts aren't the smallest it gets. Perhaps atoms are made of smaller "atoms" that we are perceiving as particles of energy.
Sort of like the Mandelbrot Set. Everything infinitely getting smaller and smaller. lol.
It's fun to imagine, but also something to consider.
We certainly don't understand nearly as much as we would like to think we do.
I would love for us to figure out a method to detect and actually in real time accurately see things on an subatomic scale.
@@kaimagnus Based on the statement of 3rd law, I am sure entropy will be finite at zero kelvin. Plus, if we consider physical system gets more compact with lowering the temperature, there will be still spins of elementary particles. I mean fermi exclusion will not let fermions (electrons, protons etc) to collapse to infinitely small volume. But you can make Bose-einstein condensation which is out of my expertise.
Correction, not fermi exclusion, it would be pauli exclusion. Late night here my mistake sorry.
@@delpierro8
random energy fluctuation in the quantum vacuum prevents the reaching of a 0k state in matter.
as long as that cant be prevented there will always be a null-point energy transfer between the quantum vacuum and particles in it.
and because its random its therefor impossible to prevent and for matter to ever reach 0k.
I have a question, is absolute zero defined as the point where the atom ceases to move? (we could extend to that anything below that scale) and if so, wouldn't the statement that there is still some form of motion no matter how minute it is a contradiction of the definition itself?
No we do not use Fahrenheit in the UK, we use Celsius.
Correct, my thoughts exactly
Laughs in parents / grandparents age. Though I know those from the 1970s know Celsius more than Fahrenheit
This video absolutely held my attention throughout! Nothing glorious about that to an outside observer but definitely something rather special for my little world of constraints! Thankyou soooo very much Mr video! Outstanding! 👻🚀
Wow. That was actually pretty good. Well put together and the narrator was easy to understand. He made no unverifiable claims at all.
I'm high, the time is 4.21am, I can see the full moon through my window and I'm watching this video. Sweet.
Try and get high today my friend
How high did you get the other day
Effects of outside temperature to humans:
Fahrenheit - 0° (really cold) to 100° (really hot)
Celsius - 0° (fairly cold) to 100° (dead)
Kelvin - 0° (dead) to 100° (dead)
Really enjoyed the video a lot of interesting information that will be useful for anyone wanting to learn. Only slight issue I have is the U.K doesn’t use Fahrenheit. I was born and raised here and it has been Celsius or Centigrade my entire life. Even when doing tests (e.g. tests like a CSCS uses Celsius in the questions as opposed to anything else). Whenever I see the heat maps of America with numbers over 100 my first thought before realisation is why isn’t everyone dead 😳😅🤷🏻♂️
An irrelevance really, but the question should perhaps be, why does the USA continue to avoid the metric system, and adhere stubbornly instead, with the increasingly insulating imperial measurements system?
Most of the world has embraced the metric system, but in every classroom, there is always that one particular hold-out!
@@stevehuggett2098 it's even more weird when you realise all the scientists and engineers use metric in the U.S.
@@stevehuggett2098 We are switching, but to much infrastructure was built around imperial units, so switching over night is impossible (and expensive); but, they now teach both systems in schools
@@GameTimeWhy scientists yes, engineers no
@@stevehuggett2098 America learned what the UK taught us, and in most cases, *the UK* changed and we didn't want to. Because why change something that isn't broken?
Fahrenheit clearly came first and is based on some science. Y'boy Celsius based it on no science. "Water boils at 100 because I say so 🤓" Lol, what? Fahrenheit is more accurate because of the amount of numbers anyway.
Great video. Just a little correction: Fahrenheit did not use a mixture of ice, water and ammonia to fix his 0°F but rather ice, water and ammonium chloride. Most of the sources I found on the Internet say that, anyway. A cursory search didn't turn up his original paper, unfortunately. Ammonia is a gas and probably quite difficult to handle with 1724 technology, but ammonium chloride is a solid.
The melting point of pure ice (the ice point) is about 0.02 degrees C, which it was slightly adjusted from zero so that absolute zero is -273.15 degrees C by definition.
I wonder why absolute zero being -273,17 instead, was such a big problem for them. :p
@@Sanquinity The freezing point of water was defined as 0 degree C. Absolute zero was therefore (partially making it up), - 273,1503789233 according to latest measurements. It was better making - 273.15, or 0K, absolute zero, as the defining point for temperature which meant that pure ice no longer melts at exactly 0 degrees C, it is very slightly off.
Which is defined as 0 Kelvin [N.B. no degrees]
when he said 273 point fifteen... i lost it...
We thought so too! Such a huge mistake! Unbelievable.....😂
🤭🤭
I'll save everyone a click.
Nowhere in the entire video was any explanation why it is precisely at -273.15. The question was asked at 10:12, but no definite answer was given.
I know you want us to learn, but no need to extend it for more than 10 minutes.
Thx. Hate these kind of clickbait videos.
Same call from me.
See my stand-alone responses (those that are not replies to anyone - as if I even had to say this but I am because in the past some were confused).
picky!
I'll give an answer then. -273.15 is an arbitrary number that us humans gave to absolute zero, based on a human invented scale. Absolute zero is simply the absence of any movement or vibration at all. Any number above that is just what the observer wants it to be. It just so happens that we as humans decided on 2 general use scales, one of which puts absolute zero at -273.15
Basically, 0°C is the water melting/icing point, that's why we called it and the each degree is the certain amount of calories needed to heat up certain amount of water.
Absolute Zero doesn't exist since something that exists, as any atom, needs energy to, well, exist. Things get very cold, to the point they almost don't move.
7:55 the answer is pretty simple, to get the lower temperature in an object you need to get it into contact with something colder. Let us take the water for example. If we want to turn it into the solid state, we have to deliver the "substance" that has the temperature that will lower the average temperature of both things below 0 Celsius degrees. The contact will average the temperature (or the movement of the atoms) of the elements, and if our calculations are right, water will get to the freezing point. So ... we have to introduce something with the lower temperature (or a slower movement) ... which means that the 0K is not possible to obtain, because we would have to get every atom crash into its doppelganger that's moving with the same speed but in the opposite way. It's impossible, so we will be left with the bunch of atoms moving around, and that means that the temperature of that space is higher than the absolute 0 (when there's not a single atom moving).
There is no such thing as cold. There is only the absence of heat.
2:05 actually we feel the flow or gradient of thermal energy. We can't feel temperature itself.
We can only tell how much of a difference there is and therefore how fast the transfer occurs.
We can't really say that something is cold or hot, just that it's colder or hotter than the spot that is touched.
Not really get what you mean
This is true yes. Its why when you touch room temperature metal it generally still feels pretty cold. As it transfers heat away from your body so well. Yet room temperature wood might only feel a tiny bit cold if at all as it doesn't transfer heat well.
From a human point of view it is also relative to perception. I might think a room has perfect tempertur since i´m not freezing or sweating. Another person in the same room might think its too cold or too warm.
@@helenafranzen9828 in general for some one in rest and dressed 20 c and 50% humidity is the ideal naked is 25 this due to energy releace by human body and heat from metabolism reach equilibrium
@@brunobastos5533 In general, absolutely. But my point is only that in hot weather some thrive and others suffer. Could be medical, could be slight difference in body temperature, could be adjustment, i don´t know.
What if you could cool something to the point the molecular structure started vibrating the opposite direction?
You can't achieve this temperature unless you find the emptiest part of the universe furthest away from any heat source possible.
~ Outside the universe itself ~
~ Quantum revitalization ~
Maybe this is something that an advanced space faring alien civilization is in quest of as we speak ;p
I live and grew up in the UK and essentially never use °F. My oven dial is in °C. Weather forecasts primarily give temperatures in °C. I think these days that the US is the only major holdout for °F.
We do use negative distance. Like in "below sea level". The Dead Sea is located in a canyon, so its elevation is about -450 meters.
We have negative values every time we have a baseline value.
I've seen the sea and it clearly has no set level. I mean there's waves on the water. Let alone the tides!
Love this channel. You guys keep my brain spinning and i love to learn new things esspecially the way you guys teach it 👍😁
I wasted 15 minutes hoping to obtain the answers of the title. Click bait.
Look it up yourself. Never trust YT
This video is like a University Assignment when you only have so much information but put in lots or wordy words to thicken it up haha..
Very informative and visually stunning! Thank you!
I never realised that temperature has an absolute zero! I always kind of assumed that it was an infinite number. I learnt something today! Thanks 😊
How old are you?
Because of thermodynamics you really weren't "wrong" there is an infinite # of temps on the way to 0. Because 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, ext. Its actually a larger ininity then 1, 2 ,3 ,4, 5, ext. But from what I'm understanding from the guy above you @I. M. Notamoose since temp is essentially just energy and for some reason, we don't count the electron spin energy. At some point in the infinite chain to 0. you would get to the point that the electron spin energy is "hotter" then the energy of the rest of the atom. So if you could then use a "Strong magnetic field" while you lower the temp, just to release it as you get to the point you cant lower the temp "normally" anymore (that point we talked about before where the " electron spin energy is "hotter" then the energy of the rest of the atom.") you would be able to cool the Electron spin energy and essentially go past 0 on the Kelven scale. But to my understanding you wouldn't be effecting the rest of the atom. So it would still stay at that above kelven point we talked about before.
All that is to say, a theory states you could go under 0. While still having movement in the atom. So you wouldn't be breaking Thermodynamics.
How accurate is this? I have not the slightest clue. But its cool to think about. And it makes sense kinda sorta.
Why no mention of the coefficient of linear expansion? (The rate of change of unit length per unit degree change in temperature). In the late 1960's as a day release student studying mechanical engineering, we were introduced to this theory, first by practical engineering principles e.g. heating a railway wheel's tyre, (which has been machined with an inside diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the wheel), to make it expand slightly to then fit easily onto the wheel. Then as the tyre cools, it contracts in size and firmly grips the wheel.
We were then given the task of plotting the graphs using size and temperature axis and we were all surprised to find that all the conjectures of the linear plots (in theory) meant that everything 'became 'nothing' at minus 273. To this day I still can't get my head around this phenomena whereby (in theory) it's to cold for matter to exist.
Wow! That's interesting!
The plot is linear until you get atomic repulsion, then the graph flattens out because the electrons between 2 atoms of iron or whatever material you use starts pushing against neighbouring atoms.
@@ryv why don't you cover it in another video please
Much like the "ultraviolet catastrophe", Newtonian physics such as kinematics and linear temperature expansion break down when quantum effects begin to dominate.
To me it is simple, but I think in simple terms. Heat= energy. Energy =matter. You remove all the heat you remove all the energy. You remove all the energy you remove all the matter. Simple.
The fact that my daughter said she learned something then fell asleep is all i needed.
YT algorithm suggested this content, and I am hooked. Great content and awesome presentation and narration
We do not generally use Fahrenheit in the UK so you got that wrong. We have been using Centrigrade which changed to Celsius for at least the last 50 years. However most of the information in this video is correct.
Scientifically most people did. Just like using metrics. It depends on the subject
@@snailnslug3 Science uses kelvin generally
Fahrenheit is used in the video because it’s still used in the US…..and we matter. 😎🇺🇸
@@MegaBISP "we matter" 😂
@@MegaBISP No, Fahrenheit is used because it is one of the temperature scales, nothing more, nothing less.
And Liberia and the Virgin Islands matter too, you are not the only one using Fahrenheit. This video is not about America vs the rest of the world, it is about temperature.
So here’s a theory: if something reached absolute zero it would disappear. And as we lower the temperature of matter, it’s volume also decreases. And in a black hole, we have matter being compressed, but no hypothesis as to where it goes.
What if a black hole not only compresses matter, but also reduces its temperature, to a point it reaches absolute zero, and it just disappears?
Slow down body😅.
Temperature is vibration. the lowest temperature that could exist is in the state of not vibrating at all.
the disappearing thing came from a scientist who saw that mater shrink the lower the temperature and said to himself "if you can lower the temperature forever the mater would disappear so it most be a limit" and that was because they didn't know what is temperature and how the atoms function.
the mater won't disappear if it reached a temperature lower than absolute zero and the phrase " lower than absolute zero" doesn't mean anything the same as " less than nothing"
and you can't reach absolute zero because the observing of atoms hold enough energy to heat it.
@@KapotaJC you said it all!
Black holes are probably very hot on the inside.
As for absolute zero I don't really want to see what happens.
We have no solid theory of where that matter goes, there’s hundreds of hypotheses. For example, photons are basically just the raw form of energy, if quarks are considered the shell of an atom, and the encased fluid (photons) make up the energy of the atom. It makes sense that when matter enters a black hole and hits the singularity it will be crushed down to its most basic being photons, theoretically, once it’s compacted them, this energy needs to escape the system somehow because energy cannot be created or destroyed. We observe an effect related to this in nature, Quasars & Blazers.
compressing things makes it hotter. also how would anything disappear? reaching absolute zero means that said object would not move. Science my dude don't just throw what ever 5min shower thought and cram it together
5:46 don't you mean 180 equal parts? 212 - 32 = 180. And C doesn't stand for Celsius but for Cetigrade because it was derived from the Latin originally meaning a hundred. Conversion goes F = (C * 1.8) + 32 or C = (F - 32) / 1.8
The answer is based on Charles' Law. On experimental observation it was found out that the relation between volume and temperature of a gas is linear.
When the curve was extrapolated for negative values of temperature in Celsius, it was found to cut the axis at -273. At this temperature everything stops and volume is considered zero. Hence people made it a standard and gave it zero Kelvin .
Ur vids have the best visuals dude 🤯
I love the normal narrator, but this guy is a natural. easy to listen too and animate as well. makes for a great listening experience, plus the video was awesome too! Another great! keep up the outstanding work, ReYOUniverse!
That narrator is anything but natural, his voice and the audio processing of the recording is overdone to the extreme and sounds like contrived creepiness. Which explains why kids think it's wonderful.
Yeah it was weird for sure
I don't know this channel but this narrator is just awesome period. Perfect cadence and voice. Definitely S Tier.
He's pretty f- ing annoying to me.
You mentioned about the lowest temerature, but you didn't say about the highest temperature.
There is also a limit to a max temperature, because adding more energy will create a black hole.
Matter at those extremes have some similarities, like:
- it is not moving (in case of a black hole gravity is holding it in place)
- it behaves like a single atom
- it has the same properties (like charge or spin).
I wonder if temperature is in "a circle", where max cold and max hot are the same spot?
I feel black holes have temperatures below absolute zero because at that temperature, matter/mass becomes singularity as the same phenomenon a blackhole do...
@@SOURADEEPBISWAS Absolute zero means no movement at all, so you can not go below that value. I think that black holes have some kind of matter, rather than no matter at all (singularity).
I would suggest you are on to something here. See Roger Penrose for details, but Penrose talks about entropy being the fundamental system of the universe. The spreading out of gas in a chamber and the gravitational coming together of mass into a star are both processes of entropy increasing yet they are basically model opposites.
I can confirm its a circle by simply taking a shower so hot that it feels cold.
Wrong, max temperature is not a thing, the initial state of the Universe was a singularity with infinite heat, or at least near infinite heat, and impossible to measure.
One good thing about humanity is that we don't give up, our curiosity alway get the best of us. Therefore, we assign valuable to our findings to help us understand better but not alway work for everything but do help us understand the universe better.
What a brilliant narration and content explanation!!
Temperature is not the only thing with a negative scale. Pressure also has a negative scale measured as a vacuum.
Also my bank account. 😂
nope we allegedly can't get < nothing, can we? But what is really scary is the concept of SIZE. infinite in BOTH directions? unreal. Hmnn...I really DO wonder where WE are on that scale...
That is not quite true. A pressure of 0'psi is a vacuum. For convenience, we use atmospheric pressure, 14.7' psi as our zero in non scientific measurements, but it should be written as 0'psi gauge.
Oh yeah, also they have theorized a few decades ago that they can get temperatures BELOW absolute zero (Zero Kelvin or Rankine), by cooling a material as close to absolute zero as possible while it is in a extremely strong magnetic field, and then releasing the strong magnetic field, which would randomize the electron spin states from the ordered state under the strong magnetic field, thus bringing the material BELOW absolute zero... but never reaching absolute zero, but popping beyond it because the cooling would be affecting the electron spin energy.
It's all math Magic(tm). By definition, there cannot be a negative temperature. Electron spin state (and other nuclear effects) have nothing to do with temperature. No molecular motion means _no molecular motion._ There isn't anything less than "not moving". But sure, there's ways to make the math negative. (these are the same class of maths that say bumble bees can't fly, and 95% of the mass of the universe is "missing".)
Got a link to the paper by chance? Or do you know what you looked up?
I love absjulote zero! Thanks for the video!
7:13 what causes this effect,i've tried to create a ray tracing program, in that i got this bug , as the light in the scene moves I got those ripple effect on that sphere
I always thought it was because at some point when getting colder the atoms cant vibrate any slower and just stops, or freezes
This is exactly it
@@geordannicholson2854 He covers this in the video. It's not exactly it. The atoms never come to a complete stop. It would be impossible to ever reach anything below that
absolute zero is the theoreticaly lowest possible temperature at which particles stop vibrating.
but that point is impossible to reach because the quantum vacuum always introduces null-point energy transfer into surrounding particles.
Why is absolute zero degrees K theoretically impossible? It's quite simple. The current universe doesn't support division by 0 so it does everything it can to avoid it. I know this might be a tangent, but all puns are intentional.
I wonder if black holes are formed when you divide by 0?
So, it not just the pressure inside a star etc that causes black holes, as we seen all types happen - like some stars explode into supernova and leave a dwarf, some go into supernova and leave a neutron star / magnetar, and other stars collapse into black holes - all of these come from supermassive stars in the first place.
@@nekotranslates it would seem so. A singularity in a black hole has no radius. However I doubt that’s the case because it defys laws of thermodynamics that are universal constants. We likely just have inaccurate models for black holes or we have laws of physics yet to discover.
@@nekotranslates actually we have hawking radiation which would explain it but we can’t prove it
The narrator made this video 1000% more interesting than it already was
Lesson is that: on a range from cold to hot, where are you? You are at the coldest end. Matter exists because it is cold. Coldest number is quite close to room temperature, so you can relate to the number. The hottest numbers are so huge that they sound like science fiction.
Back in the day absolute zero was referred to as a witches nipple!
I remember as kid people asked, what comes first the egg or the hen, through evolution I believe the egg. But in the universe what comes first Matter or energy? 🤔 Great video btw 😌
I think energy
The matter is energy, and the chicken is the egg. They are the same entities, in a superposition of states. but they are undergoing a phase transition through space-time.
That last line was an "absolute" banger left hanging with zero explainer. Incredible mic drop, but let's expand on that:
The ability to slow light to a speed of 0.2mm/s means that, within a containment field, the speed of light can be easily surpassed. If we can grow that containment field for practical astro use then travel at millions of times the speed of light can be achieved with just the speeds we're already capable of. We could potentially traverse over 1.1 billion light-years in just one hour. The entire observable universe in under four days. For all we know their shuttle might smack into a cosmic wall in like two weeks 😮
I always wondered how cold could it get and what would happen. This really makes u think.
Do a show on absolute hot/Planck's temperature 10^32 Kelvin or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
lol I think I got them all. Maybe mention kugelblitz because that's what you'd get if you tried for hotter temperatures
Kugelblitz is my bands name
Kugelblitz is my cats name
Kugelblitz is my wife's name
Kugelblitz is my company’s name
My personal headcannon is that anything under Absolute Zero stops existing. Idk how to explain it, but if something's atoms and it's constituent parts, (protons, neutrons, electrons, quarks,) stop vibrating, the bits can't bind together, and the thing itself unravels down to a "mist" of free floating constituent parts. But hey, that's just my hypothesis, and since there's no way to test it, I'll never know 😂😅🤔
Interesting thought process thank you
Universal vibe check. If you fail, you stop existing
Heat and this molecular vibration is working against bonds and intermolecular attracting forces. So decreasing vibration usually makes stuff stick together better usually. That's why you have condensation and freezing, the vibrations aren't strong enough to overcome the attracting forces and stuff clumps together.
That simply doesn't make any sense. Breaking bonds takes energy input.
What you are suggesting would require atoms to be cooled individually. The creation of bonds releases energy, with no energy to release, no bonds could form. But if you cooled, say N2, you wouldn't be able to break the bond without introducing energy.
It's why helium formed a liquid at -269°C
I wonder what happens if someone's literal constituent parts 'disconnect' from each other. Disappear?
Holy duck the visuals here are something else! Narrator’s got a engaging voice as well, if feeling a bit verbose at times
Right on. Thanks for sharing.
Great narration! 👌… Who is it?
Sean Connery and Morgan Freeman
@@christianheichel 😂😂😂😂😂😂
What if dark matter is matter that has reached Absolute Zero, and-similar to black holes-MUST absorb all energy it can?
Duncan I do NOT understand this concept of "dark matter" at all. keep thinking of "black holes". these people's rationale is totally beyond me. Even the concept of singularity is a serious stretch for me as well as the "observable universe". No matter in what direction we look we see the same thing 14.7B or whatever out. however what does something or someone see that is 14.7B away from us? What makes us so special relative to the "location" of the big boom? Well all we know is our perspective from where we are currently to where everything else is. We really don't even have a SIZE relationship because we can only relate SIZE to something that's comparative. yep to something the size of a nanometer we're HUMONGOUS. however what if WE too are a "nanometer"?
@@leecowell8165 those are all very good points. I don't know it all. I simply try to extrapolate from what little I do know what makes sense to me. 🤷♂️
I couldn't guess the script writers native language, but the narration delivery was outstanding.
Ask 50 questions, and dance around the answers.
Pretty sure that's a computer generated voice. Plus, the way the topic wanders, almost wonder if an AI made this video.
Yeah the voice was super distracting actually… the way it would suddenly get all deep and gravely… didn’t sound real.
@@mservice5229 Yeah, totally agree. The flow of the writing was just... off. Some good information sure, but wonky to listen to. And too many uses of the word 'magic'.
@M Service good point, his native language is binary.
Thank you for showing fahrenheit for those of us in the US. Most videos don't consider us.
Maybe because Kelvin scale and celcius are in the SI (international system of units). The scales used to measure temperatures in science.
@@Makabert.Abylon that's cool but some of us use fahrenheit & I'm thankful for the videos that understand that.
@@shallah777 Literally no one denies that Fahrenheit is a temperature scale that is used (in an extremely limited capacity). However, it's almost universally agreed that Celsius and Kelvin are more useful scales.
@@shallah777 I doesn’t hurt to show it in fahrenheit also as an extra.
but if it doesnt you just need to learn some benchmarks so you can convert easily and fairly correct in your head..
just as people who use kmh, C°, metric do..
Add on : Usa, the cayman islands, and Liberia use F as the main temp scale, you guys are the only ones.
Usa = 333 mil pop.
Liberia =5 mil pop.
Cayman Islands = 70 k pop.
In totall = 338 million people use Fahrenheit as their main temp scale.
Inhabitants in the world = +8 billion pop.
96% of the worlds population use C° as the main temp scale.
4% use F..
See how dumb it is to complain about it? Probably not…
Learn C or go home
@@Makabert.Abylon my bench mark is 0C is 32F but it doesn't hurt to show the conversion especially if fans of your channel use a certain system. The only time I ever see Celsius on TH-cam channels. When traveling elsewhere my phone automatically shows me fahrenheit. So you can go home & stay there, if you even have one.
Dude explained all temperature scales and states of matter... the real question we were here for is "Philosophical" lmao
As the temperature rises the molecules move farther apart due to increasing energy.
This defies the maths behind Black Holes. There is a limit where temperature always overcomes gravity. A singularity cannot form.
My absolute favorite topic.
e=mc^2
e in this case is refering to another kind of energy, but energy is messy enough that you can't isolate an energy output; If there is one kind of energy, theres more. Therefor e can be treated as an umbrella under which the different kinds of energy have enough of a relationship that if one is zero, the rest are.
The point in which thermal energy is zero is therefor the point in which m is zero; Which becomes impossible. A true void. (For reference, space has approximately 2-6 atoms per cubic meter)
This was absolutely interesting.
Ngl Absolute Zero sounds super cool, another one is perma-freeze. The people naming these are awesome haha.
This narrator could be reading a phonebook in Latin to me and I would still be at the edge of my seat. Absolutely would need to notify authorities if one of these videos ever gets stuck on a loop while my phone is charging. ⌛️💀
i remmber the mass of an electron.. has mass but no volume. hard to wrap your mind around.. 0.00054 ev i think.. did i get the zeros right?
Intro: (ask existential questions to ward off weak)
Me:
0 Kelvin means the total lack of motion from atoms however, electrons keep their molecular orbits. The question is how far below a electron at 100% rest.
Since the electron doesn't really orbit but has more of a quantum "cloud" of possible locations, I feel like if you took away all it's energy the atom would simply stop existing.
i remember hearing this years ago about this subject but the closer something got to absolute 0 the quirks started to flatten and become wavy at least that is what i remember i could be wrong feel free to correct me
Absolutely fascinating! 😛
Thanku. I found this very interesting
the concept of superposition crushes my mind ..............
My favorite area of scientific endeavor.
You can't go below standing still in terms of kinetic energy, that's when T = 0 K. Note spin systems can have a negative temperature (below 0 K), which is the basis for spin cooling tricks.
What we don't know strongly affects our understanding of what we do know, requiring a great deal of speculation to provide a picture of reality. That image is likely to be wrong in unpredictable ways
i would simply say, if temperature is at infinitely high, the matters are everywhere, so space and time does not exist for them... but if temperature is absolute zero, the matter cease to exists... simply put either space or matter will cease to exists
The ELI5 answer is that temperature, any temperature, is a measure of movement. When movement stops, temperature stops dropping and becomes "zero". We only invented terms like "hot" and "cold" when things weren't comfortable to us. We only came up with "-273.15 C" and "-459.67 F" because the C and F scales start with zero in the wrong place. They're designed to describe weather on Earth and when water freezes or boils, but they have nothing to do with the rest of the universe. Zero should be where movement stops.
Celsius actually put freezing water at 100 and boiling at 0. It was later switched because it makes more sense.
imagine how messed up things would have been if Celcius lived in the high Alps.. the boiling point temp would have been off by a couple of degrees...
The answer is very, very simple: once everything stops, there's nothing left to measure; matter cannot "stop" more than "stopped."
So, what is the answer to the question that you propose in the title of your video?
Excellent closing statement.
No heat, no vibration, no energy. Energy cannot be destroyed.
Lussak said "at a constant preasure", but if volume decreased preasure also decreased, so his formula doesn't work and there is no absolute zero temp.
What happens to radioactive materials when super cooling them?
This video asks more questions than the ones it answers...
That's the nature of knowledge. For every fact discovered it only raises more questions. So the more you know, the more you know you don't know.
wow, i would love to meet this marvelous voice. and the one who recorded it.
Limits are because some elements got instabile if it pushed over the for example number, or the subjects temperature when it get unstabile. When a subject or atom got unstabile, it can explore or freeze, or change into some other form. Fire comes of that the thing that burn, is forced over its limit to resist the friction that the friction make. It keep stabil to the limits but if the friction are too frictive it turn unstabil.
80% of the video is repeated stuff presented in different ways. I find it calming though. Will use it to sleep
Excellent video so Philosophical 👌
"Point ONE-FOUR"... "Point SIX-SIX." Get this right! Fourteen is one TEN and four UNITS. Beyond the decimal point are tenTHS, hundredTHS, thousandTHS. These are completely different and make a significant impact in a series TALKING ABOUT MEASUREMENTS.
Yep. What a knob
An amazing thought that the coldest place in the universe could be in a laboratory on Earth!
Is it possible to measure the temperature of a vacuum? Or does vacuum have temperature?
A perfect vacuum would be the absence of everything. So nothing would have no temperature to measure. See heat death of the Universe.
We cant get there, but black holes have. Could it be they are triggers for future big bangs? After all they have absorbed the mass of everything by super freezing, could not that cold centre mass get to its critical mass? I think Faraday said that something cant disappear but can transform into different things that when combined have the same weight of the original.
Maybe i just need more grass man.
In the 1960's I discovered a piece of music by John Cage, called Opus 4'33". It is 4'33" of complete silence. I was very angry because I felt he was a fraud (and because he had beaten me to it). A few years later my physics teacher talked about absolute zero, -273 degrees C. I realised 4'33" was 273", absolute zero, when molecular movement ceased and hence there could be no transmission of sound. Absolute silence. John Cage's concept was brilliant. I realised I was not in his league conceptually, and thus was spared from trying to become a composer.
It is so unfair that the human habitable temperature is so close to absolute zero while the highest possible temperature is so, so far ahead of our habitable temperature zone. We should have been somewhere in the middle.
ok... so what happen to material when it reach absolute zero!? is it like gone ? black hole happen?
Originally Celsius actually made the scale 0° for boiling water and 100° for when water freezes. It was changed at a later time.
There is hidden absolute wisdom in this content