What is Torticollis ? How a Pediatric PT would explain it? | Infant Torticollis Exercises |

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In this video I have discussed Torticollis- signs, symptoms, causes and Physio treatment basics.
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Torticollis occurs when your baby’s neck muscles cause their head to turn and rotate to one side. It’s also called wryneck. It can be congenital or acquired. Symptoms include stiff and swollen neck muscles. The cause of torticollis depends on the type. Treatment usually includes gentle muscle stretches and position changes.
Torticollis is fairly common in babies and children. Torticollis may be present at birth (congenital). Or it may develop later in infancy or childhood (acquired).
Congenital torticollis is the most common type of torticollis. It’s usually painless to your infant. You may not notice it until your baby is a few weeks old. Once they start to gain more control of their head, you may spot it.
Acquired torticollis usually occurs in the first four to six months of your baby’s life or later. You may notice it suddenly or it may come on more slowly. Acquired torticollis may be harmless (benign) or it may be a sign of a more serious health issue.
What are the symptoms of torticollis?
Symptoms of congenital torticollis may include:
Your baby’s head tilts to one side and chin tilts to the other side.
Limited movement of your baby’s head and neck.
One of your baby’s shoulders is higher than the other.
Neck muscle tightness or stiffness.
Swollen neck muscles.
Small pea-sized lump in one of your baby’s neck muscles.
Uneven (asymmetrical) facial features.
Symptoms of acquired torticollis may include:
Your child’s head tilts to one side and chin tilts to the other side.
Limited movement of your child’s head and neck.
One of your child’s shoulders is higher than the other.
Neck muscle tightness or stiffness.
Swollen neck muscles.
Severe neck pain.
Head tremors.
Headaches.
What causes torticollis?
The shortening of one of your baby’s sternocleidomastoid muscles (SCMs) causes congenital torticollis. Your SCMs are two large muscles in your neck. They connect the back of your skull to your breastbone (sternum) and collarbone (clavicle). Researchers aren’t sure why one of these muscles shortens in some babies. It may be due to:
The way your baby was positioned in your womb (uterus).
An abnormal development in the SCM.
A collection of blood in your baby’s neck muscles (hematoma).
Abnormal thickening of your baby’s muscle tissue (fibrosis).
Klippel-Feil syndrome, a rare birth defect that causes the vertebrae in your baby’s neck to fuse.
Acquired torticollis frequently occurs because of swelling in your child’s throat. The swelling causes the tissues surrounding your child’s upper spine to loosen. This allows their vertebrae to move out of their normal position. This causes their neck muscles to spasm, causing their head to tilt to one side. The swelling may be due to an infection, an injury or an unknown reason. Other causes of acquired torticollis may include:
Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD).
Vision problems.
Reaction to certain medications.
Scar tissue.
Arthritis of the neck (cervical spondylosis).
Sandifer syndrome, a rare condition that combines GERD with neck spasms.
Grisel's syndrome, a rare complication of head and neck infections or ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeries
How is torticollis treated?
Most often, stretching exercises and position changes can treat congenital torticollis. Your baby’s healthcare provider will teach you how to stretch your baby’s neck muscles. You’ll need to gently move your baby’s head to the opposite side. You’ll want to practice torticollis stretches several times a day. Over time, slowly increase the movements.
For position changes, lay your baby on their back with their head positioned to the opposite side during naps and at bedtime. When your baby’s awake, move toys and other objects so they have to practice turning their neck in the opposite direction.
If these methods don’t work, your baby’s healthcare provider may refer you to a specialist. They may first recommend physical therapy. Other specialists may include:
Physiatrist: A physiatrist is a doctor who specializes in physiatry, or physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R).
Pediatric neurologist: A pediatric neurologist is a doctor who specializes in brain, spinal cord and nerve disorders in children.
Orthopedic surgeon: An orthopedic surgeon is a doctor who specializes in the musculoskeletal system. Your baby may need surgery to lengthen their SCM muscle.
#physicaltherapy #torticollis #neckstretch

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