The Action Potential
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 ก.ย. 2024
- In this video Paul Andersen details the action potential in neurons. The resting potential of a neuron (-70mV) is maintained through differences in concentration and permeability of Na, K, and Cl ions. A graded potential is created as neurotransmitters from adjacent cells that are either excitatory or inhibitory. If the neuron reaches the threshold of -55mV an opening of voltage-gated sodium channels triggers an action potential that may affect other connected neurons.
PhET neuron simulation - phet.colorado....
Music Attribution
Intro
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: www.freesound.o...
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Outro
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
sunsetvalley.ba...
All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
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Helixitta. (2015). Українська: Переклад англійською File:Propagation of action potential along myelinated nerve fiber.png. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
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Indolences. (2007). Image:Traffic lights 3 states.png. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
Jana, D. (2016). English: Myelinated neurons are faster than unmyelinated neurons because of Saltatory motion. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
LadyofHats. (2007). English: Complete neuron cell diagram. Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information. In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
OpenStax. (2016a). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
OpenStax. (2016b). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
OpenStax. (2016c). Version 8.25 from the Textbook. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
section, S. user in the "File history". (See the date of the upload in the “File history” section.). This image (basic representation of banana) has been created as part of the WikiVoc Project and released under Public Domain license. These illustrations can be used for various purposes, such as language dictionaries, flash cards, etc. Other such images can be found in the WikiVoc images category. Anyone can assist us in this project, so please help us out. Retrieved from commons.wikime...
Wikipedia, Q. J. at E. (2009). English: Recreated :File:Neuron-no labels2.png in Inkscape and hand-tuned to reduce filesize. Created by Quasar (talk) 19:59, 11 August 2009 (UTC). Retrieved from commons.wikime...
Bro this guy literally taught 6 lectures in 14 minutes. What are my profs doing??!?!
ikr crazy dude, hs teacher give mega long notes lol
They're stuck in resting potential mode.
@@am.d7512 I'm crying 😂😂😂 you're so right!
@@am.d7512 HAHAHA VERY TRUE
Hectic😂
Whenever this man needs a kidney, I am there for him.
I spent hours with multiple lecture notes and reference books trying to understand what this man made clear in 14 minutes!
Ahahahahahahaha!! Same here!!
im not sure but i think this man is some kind of jesus
@@gfgit6148 you are a funny man!! Thanks for the chuckles!
@@carolinaamador179 idk abt him being funny, but I do know he's the best escape artist... 😂💯 #prisonbreak
as a medstudent I've "learned" this so many times but wow, this is the first time where I feel like I've gone beyond memorizing and actually own this material. The meaningful use of images, animations, and timely explanations really reminds me that the rest of them are taking our cash & killing us with powerpoint out here...what is education
fr whats a powerpoint finna do
@@briancheong2087 hilarious... people thinking they know it all by watching a few videos. Can't count the number of times I've seen people make these claims and then look like deer in the headlights when asked about related concepts. Sort of like anti-vaxxers...
@@briancheong2087 Yes 💗
I started watching this channel as a high school freshman in 2015. It's now 2022 and I'm a first year medical student who always comes back to Mr. Anderson to refresh my knowledge. Beyond thankful for his help!!
aww that’s so cute actually
Omg. That's nice!! I have a similar story here. I watched him in his first year when applying to nursing. I finished my nursing degree a couple of weeks ago, and I am currently preparing for my MCAT, which is next week. Congratulations on your acceptance.
How I wish these videos were available 35 years ago when I was in college.
The doctor that gave us this lesson tried explaining it in an hour and we still didn't understand a single word while you here explained it in 14 minutes and I was able to understand it completely. You're the best!!
Bozeman out here saving lives
true
Father Boze
same
honestly
Yes
I've been an avid watchers since high school, and as a current college student taking on a physiology course, this video has saved me from a rough night of studying. I hope you know how much your videos help students. Thank you!
This was the most helpful, thank you sooo much! I caught myself going "OHHHH" so many times because I finally understood everything thoroughly.
Mr. Bozeman, I want to thank you alot, alot ! I passed my Bachelor’s ( 3 years ago) because of you! Literarily, when I was struggeling with something I was just searching for that in your page ! And I finished my Master’s 2 years ago because of you ! And now I am doing my MD and I cannot skip your channel at all! Your videos are always there when I feel lost ! Thanks alot !
Could you start making an organic chemistry video series
-sincerely,
struggling premed
also strongly supported by pharmaceutical sciences student
@@IndraSchrage ditto
How's school going?
How’s it going? Made it in?
OMG YESS PLEASE!!
MCAT gang here! Thank you so much for making these amazing videos!
My god you are a good teacher. Very calm and clear. Love it!
Wow ... this is taught at just the perfect speed with exactly the right amount of information. Thank you for explaining not only what happens but WHY in such a crystal-clear way. High-five, Paul! 🙌
Excellent explanation!
That answered soo many of the questions I had and even ones that I wasn't able to articulate! Thank you so much
I can't memorize this for the life of me! And it doesn't help that I'm taking this class during the summer and I am the mother of a 16 month old baby. Ugggh! Good luck to all! Send positive energy my wayyy
Wait.....omg best of luck for that!
More power to you, lady
I relate.... good luck hope you did great
May Allah make it easy upon you sister💖 Aameen
@Strawberry Dobreva fuck off
Mr. Anderson, you are far and away the best teacher I have ever had the pleasure of learning from.
How is he able to explain this just SO clearly!? Every word is precise. He has no extra, but also not missing anything essential. Just gives you a SOLID understanding on basics. Wow. I think hit's b/c he really listens to his students and what they need and how they think.
Thank you, one of the best explanations.
At 9:12 you say the signal won't move to the left due to repolarization of the segment to the left, opening up the potassium channels, resulting in an outflow of K+. But I think it's also due to the Na+ channels being in an inactive state, requiring a few ms to become closed (and they can only open up again from the closed state).
I don't think you understand how many times I've been taught/explained this and until watching your video I am finally able to get it. Thank you very much for creating such powerful graphics simple yet exactly what I needed to learn
I literally made a youtube account so that I could comment on this. Thank you for doing what you do!! This video was SO helpful
I'm eating banana chips while watching this video; it's literally a salty banana.
I don´t know how to use the appropiate words to describe how grateful I am for this tremendous effort you have made in all your videos. Thank you so much. You explain clearly. Greetings from Mexico
This was extremely comprehensive, thorough and all-around well-explained! Thank you so much!
This is complex knowledge presented in an very dense, but at the same time comprehensive and visual way. Thanks a lot for this masterpiece of didactics!
man that is so inspirational. you literally explain tons of informations fluently and densely, and , of course, understandably
Thank you for making complex information so easy to understand and more importantly - memorize and retain in a long term memory. Makes learning anatomy fun vs. stressful.
Very few people have this type of talent to present a complex topic in such a clear way...bravo...bravi...applauso...👏👏👏
I was reading textbooks, searching for Crash Course and Khanacademy video and NONE were as helpful as this one. BELIEVE ME. Thank you so much for all that you've done to teach people like me.
Great presentation. Recent research suggests that the ball doesn't actually go inside the channel to block it, it pushes on the outside of the channel to close it.
I’ve seen countless videos on the subject and none is as good as this one!!!
How is it that I've gone through years of physiology, psychology, kinesiology, and biology and no one has ever mentioned the salty banana? Only helpful mnemonic I've ever gotten for this
You have no idea how thankful I am to you.
Totally life saving video! I was absent throughout the class lessons on this topic! And boring notes wouldn't help visualizing the real situation that happens!
The animations are amazing and have been a long time coming. Watching the action is the ONLY way to understand this!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Insurmountable kudos to the animator!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
He will never know that there is small villages in the world. And there is a student of his lives in it. He teaches me almost all the basics of life sciences in simplest possible way. He is ...❤
Difficult topic to understand but you made it simple ... Hats off sir
These animations are so helpful, coupled with your great explanations. My prof basically just reads us the textbook and it was hard for me to figure out what exactly was going on in the neuron.
Thank you for actually explaining it with the visuals that you included, it finally actually clicked and i actually understand what is going on. I have been so confused!!!
This guy is awesome!! Taught in 15 min what my professor taught in like 5 hours. 10/10 recommend for people who have zero background in phys and need a generic breakdown.
Described in the best and most efficient way. Kudos.
Top class, generous and unpatronising revision for Neurologists and Clinical Neurophysiologists trying to remember the scientific basis of their everyday clinical practice
I rarely comment on youtube videos but this video was amazing. This was the most clear explanation and over 2 weeks of lecture did not compare to this 14 minute video! You are awesome thank you so much for your videos you are a HUGE help to this pre med student.
This man has been my go-to channel since AP bio
This is great. I have a week until my exam. Been typing each main topic from my physiology class into youtube then watching the videos and taking serious notes. Much better job than my professor because I can rewind you !!!!
Thank YOU!!! 5 in class lectures, and I finally understand everything thanks to this one video! Life saver! Salty banana...you should make t shirts. FRFR
LITERALLY TAKING BIO 2 BY A NEUROLOGIST AND HE MAKES THE COURSE SO DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND! THANKS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING AS ALWAYS!!! YOU ROCK! 🔥🔥🔥💥💥💥🤙🏿
Feeling ready for my BIO 162 exam today thanks to you!
you are just so awesome!!! watching this the night before the AP biology exam
your webpage and everything was so helpful!
You’re doing something wrong if your studying this for the AP Bio exam
You’re
You are amazing sir! Your videos helped me a lot with studying for my MCAT!
Best Vedio on TH-cam which explains Action potential concept crystal clear. Thank you so much. I have watched I don't know how many vedios before, read text but was confused till date. U did amazing job.
My high school A&P teacher recommended this video to me. I had to watch it like 6 times just to get a grasp on what's going on but that's prolly cuz I'm in high school. Amazing video tho. Very thorough. Keep it up man.
Thank you, Mr. Andersen, you have been helping me (and many others) for years now!
Thank you, this is the most clear, illustrative and complete explanation of the topic. Very grateful for your efforts.
10/10 the best explanation of action potential Ive seen. Thanks a tone
My professor taught us this for 3 hours and nothing got in my brain....this guy explained in 14 minutes and I understood the whole concept!
I have my biology final exam tomorrow and this video came at the perfect time. Thank you so much! :)
Damn perfect release,
my exam will be on the 30th of January. Thanks for the great explanation
Thanks so much for this video! It made my 100+ powerpoint lecture slides on this subject all come together & make sense.
That was the best explanation i have heard everrrr, thank you.
Thank you for your time and trying to help us succeed.
Can my tuition funds go towards this hero? He's helped me get A's in neurobiology, biochemistry and genetics. Greatly appreciate these videos.
I was confused from the lecture today at school, but now I totally get this action potential. Thank you! Onto the next video, The Synapse!
This is the best educational video I've seen today, and I've seen many.
I'm not even studying neuroscience and i got practically all of it. Damn you're good
Was more helpful than a whole lecture from my university teacher, with basically the same level of detail. Wow
Best ever action potentials explanation I have ever came across in my whole life ... thank you very much. We see your greate effort and hard work
Thank you for this wonderful neurophysiology video!!! You made it so much easier to understand and explained it very well!!!
I swear your videos have helped me understand concepts better than any textbook has
wow. this is the first time I've ever understood this whole process! you are incredible!!! amazing explanation. sooo helpful!
Just like so many people here, you made my life much much easier today! Great explanation, thank you!
Best video on AP's so far, thank you for taking the time to share!!!
Great video. I will certainly recommend it to my students.
My one quibble would be when you say (at 6:18) that a "huge amount" of sodium comes into the cell. As the PhET neuron simulation shows, when you click Show Concentrations, the ion concentrations really don't change that much. It takes only a relatively small proportion of the ions to cross the membrane to produce the changes in potential seen in an AP. The phrase "sodium rushes in" is liable to give the impression of large concentration changes that require the Na/K pump to restore the gradient _in every AP_, when its role is more like that of "recharging the battery". In other words, if you knock out the Na/K pump e.g. with the poison ouabain, a cell will still be able to fire off APs for a while (how many will depend on the size of the cell). Eventually, repeated APs will "run the battery down". The reason APs can still be generated without the Na/K pump working to restore the ion gradient is that the gradient is change only a little by an AP in most cell types (the exception being tiny cells where an AP really does change the concentrations significantly).
This comment is intended to be constructive, and I hope you take it that way. I think your videos are a superb educational resource.
fburton8 So, the role of poison is a EPSPs? Since it triggers APs at an explosive rate than its norm.
Джинзó Аркайдия , No, I don't think so. Ouabain interferes with the Na/K PUMP, it doesn't have anything to do with triggering APs as far as I can see from my readings. From wikipedia, "Ouabain is a cardiac glycoside that acts by inhibiting the Na+/K+-ATPase sodium-potassium ion pump."
Thank you for your reply! That was actually my question when I watched this, if we have leak channels that let Potassium out and Sodium in, when the axom becomes unbalanced after an action potential and below resting potential, how the small leak channels are suppose to let the sodium back out and the potassium back in if the inside was now mostly sodium. If only a small change is required to reach action potential, it makes a lot more sense.
@@chriserony because Na/ K ATPase
SO HELPFUL THANK YOU!! from a biopsychology student
It was the easiest way to understand membrane potential. Thank you.
Im studying for the MCAT. This was just what I needed 💕
I have watched so many...THIS video was basic and clear! Thank you!!!
You have been so much help through my Biology class and now psychology. Thanks, james.
thank you sir! it took me several hours to understand the reading. now i understand how it work!
SALTY BANANANANANA The only reason I remembered this right was thanks to that lol
I don't know how to respond to that
Yupp, remembering which ions is on which side always was my biggest issue but "salty banana" helps a lot
Super clearly described. Wish you were my physiology lecturer😄
Thank you so much. This is the most perfect lecture about neuron action I've ever listened to.
This is the only video explaining start to finish ......Awesome thank you !!
Dude, you just explained me my whole chapter
Mr Anderson, you are the best! Thank you thank you thank you!
This is my action potential savior....Thank you so much
a lot of people explain it. But you got everything covered and it is very clear! thank you :)
FANTASTIC! I finally understood this, its a pity that expensive professors cannot do such a great job as this
how were you able to teach me 5 lectures worth of notes in 14 min?? You are amazing!
Simply and clearly well explained 👍🏻😍
damn I haven't heard that intro in so long but it sounds so good
This came out a month AFTER my micro bio class noooooooo. It would've helped so much u.u
Same here :p
Thank you Bozeman. I read my textbook for 2 hours and I did not get it, but now I understood it in 14 minutes
god bless you, brother, you are educating the entire world in the best way b/c you are a gifted teacher
Haweyo Rashid Yes; Praise does go to Allah.
Salty Banana, perfect! That was a brilliant lecture. I also love this "Analog, Digital" distinction. Thank you so much!
THANK YOU. I really couldn't understand this concept for so long
Thank you so much for explaining basics in such a simple way! Couldn’t get it from books!
You had me at "salty banana"! lol I'll always remember that now. Thank you. This was incredibly helpful for understanding this concept.
Super helpful video, I appreciate the use of animation in addition to explaining the topic (Especially how you have mini recaps throughout video!) thank you!