We were stacking pedals back in the early 60's. I thought everybody got high and started kicking pedals on at the same time. You missed out on both ends. Lol
YOUR CHANNEL CAN'T BE BEAT! Best pedal and guitar content, so creative and inventive and still relatable to the stone age mindset of us guitar players. Top tier
@@thegratefulned Slow-ish? With medium to high depth. None of my pedals have a digital readout, so I couldn't give you an exact speed. I frequently use an EQD Grand Orbiter, in mode 1 (slow mode), set to middle speed...
Another spot on video from Michael Banfield! Subtlety is key, and these videos are both instructional AND inspiring. Time to dig out the modulation pedals and dust them off!
Great video! It took me awhile to realize the reason I couldn't quite get the "fuller" Leslie sound I was after out of the pedals I have....beyond the fundamental limitations of it being a pedal effect... ADT. A lot of those late 60's/70's Leslie tones I love frequently had ADT added. I ran the Vent into a Strymon Deco with a mild double tracking effect...big difference. Helped make the mids and highs more up front while still keeping a feeling of depth. A mild flanger effect after Leslie pedal after produces some really nice effects too.
Just got a Zoom MS-50G which allows stacking up to 6 effects in any order of the same or different types. So I was planing on looking at what kinds of combination so of modulation, reverb and delays. This video came right on time and will give me some help stacking effects - thank you!
If you have a favorite modulation putting it in front a tremolo can be even better. I discovered that one of my favorite tones was sending my signal through a slower Phase 45 (2 phase) through a tremolo set up with good speed but minimal chop. It gives me a two-level swirling sound I was hunting for through a multitude of Uni Vibe and Leslie type pedals. Plus both pedals are quite useful in their own right.
I do the same ,basically a harmonic trem .I like versatile pedals when space is limited ,but on my big board builds I generally go for strait forward really solid representations of what the effect is .Then I have the ability to stack ,and combo them how I want .
Such and inspirational and great video! I just simplified my board based on your video - covering most modulation sounds with my trusty Boss Flanger... seems that now I need to rebuild it again and add 5 mode modulation pedals, including 2 chorus boxes ;D
Don't forget the C Copy is analog delay w/ a mod button. On mine, I glued a Lego piece to it so can use with my foot off/on. Adds more chorus to my Boss CH-1. A lot of time I use the C Copy as reverb as my practice amps don't have reverb. Can always add a touch of chorus to reverb depending on song need.
I'm a big fan of the envelope filter pretty much anywhere next to modulations, a short delay or especially a reverb before the envelope can keep it open longer... and actually a slower phaser before an envelope is nice because you get varied levels of opportunity to open the envelope depending where the phase cycle is and the note being played, but rather than a fast phaser like you've shown here it's really best to blur the line of "is that my envelope closing or the phase sweeping? Yes!" It also works great to have a Phaser after the envelope and then some harsher edges are rounded off in the phaser or the peaks that do occur or pretty brief and interesting. It's a bit easier to predict it like a surfer watching an incoming wave, if the envelope is before the phaser.
I just tried stacking my Flanger with my Chorus or my Harmonic Trem with and without overdrive. They're all JHS 3 Series. It sounds great. I'm sure I've done it before but never really put much thought into making the modulations sound good together as if they were one effect.
it was weird to me that people don't use multiple mod pedals at the same time. Used to use flange, phase and chorus all the time but hey.. .it was the 80s
Is it really necessary for a pedal like the Q-Tron to be SO BIG or is just poor engineering? It is not a pedal that is used all the the time, so I think it should be reduced in size to politely fit well with the others. It seems a lot of Electro Harmonix pedals are too big for what they contribute. Do we really need a flanger or a envelope pedal that is bigger than a Strymon? It is interesting having two pedals stacked. The effect is heavier, but more evened out and smoother.
I dunno, I quite like the big cases for the old EHX pedals. They are impractical though I agree. The new EHX stuff is much smaller and pedalboard friendly.
Yes Michael, you legend! 👏 Thanks mate. Such high quality image, the angle of your camera to guitar. The way you describe things is just amazing. How can you get the word out? Pedal companies need to pay real close attention to you, cause your the best on youtube and I watch alot of channels. Wish you great success! Keep the videos coming! Don't stop. Share this dude around everyone ❤🎉 Just superb work 😮❤😊
@@MichaelBanfieldGuitar the q tron plus is interesting. Is there something this vintage version has over the newer models. Why do you have the vintage version?
Hey thanks! I'm not sure the exact year of the Q-Tron, it's one of the ones that came in the wooden box. Those old EHX pedals take up quite a bit of space on a pedalboard but they do have a pretty cool look to them. Thanks for commenting!
Of all the hundreds of demos I’ve seen over the years of gain pedals I’ve always felt modulation was underrepresented. I much prefer modulations pedals and stack modulation a lot but I always assumed I was doing it “wrong” and/or didn’t know any theories behind it like with gain staging. Thank you so much for laying this out in the way you have it’s truly inspiring and informative!
This is a wonderfully useful video! Even though I've stacked mod pedals in the past, you've show me some great combinations that I'd never though of before!
I just got an idea from this. Split my signal in stereo before the chorus, then use one chorus pedal in each of the stereo signal chains set differently. Could also do the same with delays. Maybe 250ms in one side and 500ms in the other.
Just like my concern that I have become stupidly eccentric with the Onboard Pre-Amp, the floor Tube Pre, the Amp Tube Pre and then the amp Solid State Pre, back in 2016 working classic rock, being a little bored I found myself often running 2x Chorus' at the same time, and for Stranglehold running the Phaser at the same time with a Chorus. This works with Power Trio work, as there is some need for expanding the sonic pallet of the group. When he talks of "intensity" he is talking about Rate. High Rate gets into Tremolo/Vibrato which was very 70's and did not particularly impress me as a Bassist. Wow and Flutter is really no different from a Tony Davilio flange (as one example) pressing his finger on the 1/4" reel to reel for John Lennon so that he did not hate his own voice so much. It is strange how in broadcast and audio engineering, when there is a over driven signal issue they call it "modulation". But in the Electronic Musician lingo we have words like OverDrive or Distortion of signal, and Modulation has to do with Phasing (signal inversion and rate time), Flanging (time), Chorus (time). Meanwhile Marvin the Martian has the "Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator".
Great video man, I was thinking about stacking two phasers this morning which is how I found this video. Had great results tonight with a mid speed Small Stone into a slow Super Phaser. I've done some of the others before like Flanger & Tremelo. The Flanger Chorus one interested me greatly.
Honestly, I never thought of putting my compressor behind some modulation. It worked a charm ! Little nuances that got lost were brought right up to the same level. Brilliant.
hello and thank you for these good advices. As a gothic/darkwave guitar player I usually stacked so much modulations 😅 I noticed that stacking modulations is often more complicated if the effect are very deep. I play with a Roland JC amp mainly with an American Strat and sometimes with a Gibson LP Studio or a Fernandes Retrorocket Elite.
Yeah good comment! You're right, some light breakup and maybe a narrow mid boost with an EQ pedal would certainly get into even more lo-fi territory. Must try that. Thanks
I’ve been thinking about the new eqd chorus/vibrato/flanger/rotary pre-dirt and the Mr black chorus ensemble at the end and this validates my desire. Yeehaw. Subscribed btw. Cool stuff.
Really appreciate this video, very much simplified to understand… I’m fairly new to collecting pedals I have about 15 or so already I’m good at playing the bass but I’ve always wanted more sounds and I’ve been having trouble figuring out how to get some of the pedals to work in unison this helped a lot I never understood what pedal stacking was, thanks!
In general, I always felt one modulation effect at a time was appropriate, and more could get too messy and convoluted sounding (unless you’re David Gilmour 😄). But recently when I was trying to emulate a 70s Electric Mistress type of flanger tone out of some various flangers that are Not the Electric Mistress; stacking EQs before and after, and even a applying some comb filtering, I just happened to stack two different flangers … and that was a huge game changer for me. I always struggled with flangers being too dramatically sweepy and swooshy, unless you just set it more like a chorus. But blending two creates something more subtle than jet swooshes, but more complex and interesting than chorusing.
Nice one Mike! Excellent video creative, insightful advice. Glad to see your growing channel mate covering different topics than the majority of guitar/pedal channels. Always stacked and loved my modulation FX and use them sparingly definitely for me gives a better, natural, realistic effected tone. Keep the great vids coming many players definitely appreciate your different content. All the best mate, Steve (Old Greenhouse studios, Stockport).
Great examples in there! You help us all with these tricks to push us into new territory. The chorus vibrato was cool and your playing was great. Kind thanks
Wondering why there are a million gain stacking videos on here but on the forums everyone shits on multiple modulation pedals on at the same time. I mix filter, phase, flange, chorus, and tremolo with different combinations and gain stages all the time and I love the results
Great video, many thanks. Just curious, but do you have any suggestions about how to stack modulation for a rotary sound? I’ve just never seen this done well and would appreciate hearing your thoughts on this.
Wow, this is a good video. So much cooler to show me something new I can do with the effects I have rather than trying sell me another thing I don’t really need.
i love my boss slicer pedal! also highly recommend the ehx nano mistress. great flanger that i don't find too many super cheezy sounds on for a relatively cheap price. obviously stacking them yields great results :)
![[Live] ศึกมหึมันส์มวยไทยสังเวียนเดือด เวทีมวยชั่วคราวสวนสยาม | จันทร์ 30 กันยายน 2567](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/pM1k6f7JXUc/mqdefault.jpg)
15 years of guitar playing and I never thought to stack chorus pedals. Brilliant
I'm in the same boat,, tremendous 🤟
what could sound worse?
We were stacking pedals back in the early 60's. I thought everybody got high and started kicking pedals on at the same time. You missed out on both ends. Lol
Similar story here. Josh from JHS mentioned it on a video that’s why I am here too, and not letting go of that extra chorus pedal after all!
30 years of playing and I never thought of owning 2 chorus pedals
That phase drive flange combo is stellar!
This is a masterclass in effect creation. Thanks....🧡🧡🧡
Glad you like it, thanks for commenting!
everythings a friggin "masterclass" these days
As a working/gigging musician, I can't thank you enough for helping me not buy more stuff, use what i have, and use my ear more. 🙏🏻🙏🏻🙏🏻
YOUR CHANNEL CAN'T BE BEAT! Best pedal and guitar content, so creative and inventive and still relatable to the stone age mindset of us guitar players. Top tier
My favorite thing to do at home is to stack a slow phaser with a tremolo. It's gets VERY close to a Univibe sound. Great video!
Even better with a small bias trem amp like a Princeton, the wobble is unreal
What speed on the tremo?
@@thegratefulned Slow-ish? With medium to high depth. None of my pedals have a digital readout, so I couldn't give you an exact speed. I frequently use an EQD Grand Orbiter, in mode 1 (slow mode), set to middle speed...
I insist, this is one of the best guitar-related channels in TH-cam and it deserves a few more thousands of subscribers at least
Another spot on video from Michael Banfield! Subtlety is key, and these videos are both instructional AND inspiring. Time to dig out the modulation pedals and dust them off!
Great video!
It took me awhile to realize the reason I couldn't quite get the "fuller" Leslie sound I was after out of the pedals I have....beyond the fundamental limitations of it being a pedal effect...
ADT. A lot of those late 60's/70's Leslie tones I love frequently had ADT added.
I ran the Vent into a Strymon Deco with a mild double tracking effect...big difference.
Helped make the mids and highs more up front while still keeping a feeling of depth.
A mild flanger effect after Leslie pedal after produces some really nice effects too.
Just got a Zoom MS-50G which allows stacking up to 6 effects in any order of the same or different types. So I was planing on looking at what kinds of combination so of modulation, reverb and delays. This video came right on time and will give me some help stacking effects - thank you!
If you have a favorite modulation putting it in front a tremolo can be even better. I discovered that one of my favorite tones was sending my signal through a slower Phase 45 (2 phase) through a tremolo set up with good speed but minimal chop. It gives me a two-level swirling sound I was hunting for through a multitude of Uni Vibe and Leslie type pedals. Plus both pedals are quite useful in their own right.
I do the same ,basically a harmonic trem .I like versatile pedals when space is limited ,but on my big board builds I generally go for strait forward really solid representations of what the effect is .Then I have the ability to stack ,and combo them how I want .
Such and inspirational and great video!
I just simplified my board based on your video - covering most modulation sounds with my trusty Boss Flanger... seems that now I need to rebuild it again and add 5 mode modulation pedals, including 2 chorus boxes ;D
Just get five more BF-2s and you'll be all set!
@@MichaelBanfieldGuitar Funny ,and smart .look out pedal people there's a new playa in town .
Don't forget the C Copy is analog delay w/ a mod button. On mine, I glued a Lego piece to it so can use with my foot off/on. Adds more chorus to my Boss CH-1. A lot of time I use the C Copy as reverb as my practice amps don't have reverb. Can always add a touch of chorus to reverb depending on song need.
I also stack compression pedals,sounds fantastic.Thanks for your video,man.
I'm a big fan of the envelope filter pretty much anywhere next to modulations, a short delay or especially a reverb before the envelope can keep it open longer... and actually a slower phaser before an envelope is nice because you get varied levels of opportunity to open the envelope depending where the phase cycle is and the note being played, but rather than a fast phaser like you've shown here it's really best to blur the line of "is that my envelope closing or the phase sweeping? Yes!"
It also works great to have a Phaser after the envelope and then some harsher edges are rounded off in the phaser or the peaks that do occur or pretty brief and interesting. It's a bit easier to predict it like a surfer watching an incoming wave, if the envelope is before the phaser.
That sounds great. I'll have to try it. Thanks for sharing!
I just tried stacking my Flanger with my Chorus or my Harmonic Trem with and without overdrive. They're all JHS 3 Series. It sounds great. I'm sure I've done it before but never really put much thought into making the modulations sound good together as if they were one effect.
I've got the two boss phasers. 9ne analog one digital. Should I stack them?
it was weird to me that people don't use multiple mod pedals at the same time. Used to use flange, phase and chorus all the time but hey.. .it was the 80s
Very good. To spice things up try putting one of the 2 modulation pedals in the fx loop of a delay or reverb. Enjoy.
What about stacked ring modulators?👀
Is it really necessary for a pedal like the Q-Tron to be SO BIG or is just poor engineering? It is not a pedal that is used all the the time, so I think it should be reduced in size to politely fit well with the others. It seems a lot of Electro Harmonix pedals are too big for what they contribute. Do we really need a flanger or a envelope pedal that is bigger than a Strymon?
It is interesting having two pedals stacked. The effect is heavier, but more evened out and smoother.
I dunno, I quite like the big cases for the old EHX pedals. They are impractical though I agree. The new EHX stuff is much smaller and pedalboard friendly.
Yes Michael, you legend! 👏 Thanks mate. Such high quality image, the angle of your camera to guitar. The way you describe things is just amazing. How can you get the word out? Pedal companies need to pay real close attention to you, cause your the best on youtube and I watch alot of channels. Wish you great success! Keep the videos coming! Don't stop. Share this dude around everyone ❤🎉 Just superb work 😮❤😊
Wow thanks for the strong support! Great to hear such encouragement. I'll certainly try to keep getting content out. Great to hear you're enjoying it!
@@MichaelBanfieldGuitar the q tron plus is interesting. Is there something this vintage version has over the newer models. Why do you have the vintage version?
Couldn't agree more .This is the new channel to watch (out for ; )
Cool sounds. I also love the Boss VB-2W into the DC-2W.
Flanger was always my least favourite modulation, but now I love it. Combining subtle effects gives such rich sounds.
Set the phasers to "stun".
I'll show myself out.
Give me your sweet wisdom Mr. Banfield! One of if not the best guitar channel for actually practical advice 👍🏻
Fantastic video! Some truly inspirational tones for writing new material. What year is that Qtron from? It looks pretty vintage.
Hey thanks! I'm not sure the exact year of the Q-Tron, it's one of the ones that came in the wooden box. Those old EHX pedals take up quite a bit of space on a pedalboard but they do have a pretty cool look to them. Thanks for commenting!
I appreciate your sincere delivery - super educational
Of all the hundreds of demos I’ve seen over the years of gain pedals I’ve always felt modulation was underrepresented. I much prefer modulations pedals and stack modulation a lot but I always assumed I was doing it “wrong” and/or didn’t know any theories behind it like with gain staging. Thank you so much for laying this out in the way you have it’s truly inspiring and informative!
Another way to create that synth sound is with that same set of effects but beginning with an ebow on the guitar.
Great idea! Must get hold of an ebow at some point
This is a wonderfully useful video! Even though I've stacked mod pedals in the past, you've show me some great combinations that I'd never though of before!
I just got an idea from this. Split my signal in stereo before the chorus, then use one chorus pedal in each of the stereo signal chains set differently.
Could also do the same with delays. Maybe 250ms in one side and 500ms in the other.
Just like my concern that I have become stupidly eccentric with the Onboard Pre-Amp, the floor Tube Pre, the Amp Tube Pre and then the amp Solid State Pre, back in 2016 working classic rock, being a little bored I found myself often running 2x Chorus' at the same time, and for Stranglehold running the Phaser at the same time with a Chorus.
This works with Power Trio work, as there is some need for expanding the sonic pallet of the group.
When he talks of "intensity" he is talking about Rate. High Rate gets into Tremolo/Vibrato which was very 70's and did not particularly impress me as a Bassist.
Wow and Flutter is really no different from a Tony Davilio flange (as one example) pressing his finger on the 1/4" reel to reel for John Lennon so that he did not hate his own voice so much.
It is strange how in broadcast and audio engineering, when there is a over driven signal issue they call it "modulation". But in the Electronic Musician lingo we have words like OverDrive or Distortion of signal, and Modulation has to do with Phasing (signal inversion and rate time), Flanging (time), Chorus (time).
Meanwhile Marvin the Martian has the "Illudium Q-36 Explosive Space Modulator".
Great video man, I was thinking about stacking two phasers this morning which is how I found this video. Had great results tonight with a mid speed Small Stone into a slow Super Phaser. I've done some of the others before like Flanger & Tremelo. The Flanger Chorus one interested me greatly.
Thanks man, that was some very useful info. Subscribed 🎶🎸
Such a refreshing page! I admire the simplicity and creativity of what you’re doing
One step deeper that encompasses many of these pedal chains is "After a low pass filter, there are no high frequencies to modulate."
(:
Honestly, I never thought of putting my compressor behind some modulation. It worked a charm ! Little nuances that got lost were brought right up to the same level. Brilliant.
You should do another video, like this, but running them in parallel with a Boss LS-2, or similar pedal.
Read comments in reverse. Learn these pedals then buy a Strymon Mobius.
Creatively and nicely done
Hope Robin Trower's listening. Subbed
I have a delay and a phaser and I managed to get a weird swirling distortion effect from it. I just wish I remembered what settings I put them on.
Well this was a great video !! I just need to find the right words to annouce to my dozen of overdrive pedals that we are parting ways...
Brilliant tones.
I love this channel as I can go to my multi FX GX100 and dial in the combos. Stacked (in series) and in parallel. But the idea is the inspo!
very cool thing to think about… for some reason damn lot of people never stack mod pedals… especially phaser and flanger
I highly approve of this technique. A couple of my favorites include chorusy flanger + dimension-style chorus; and tremolo into phaser
It's a shame the algorithm doesn't suggest you more often...😢
Really impressive and I was never thinking of doin' that😃
Fun stuff! I was prepared not to like cuz I’m not a fan of mods usually… a bit extreme for my taste, but some great ideas and tones!
The Flanger-Tremolo combo is 100% the tone on Big Wreck's "The Oaf" - incredible sound.
Loved this. Always liked the idea of running multiple modulation pedals into one another. Some great fresh ideas here to try
Great video! Thanks for the inspiration!
Whats this guitar reference? Beautiful!
Where have i seen you before? Have you ever played an alien?
Great video. Thanks!
That's really helpful mate thanks
Nice video. Make one with delay and modulations!
I have a waza dimension c and a jc-22, and combining the amp chorus with the dimension gives such a great sound.
Love this, I got a qtron as gift and was struggling to find a use for it
How have I never thought of this??
Nice Demo! Thanks!
Tremolo and flanger is awesome
Good modulation pedal✌️
Best channel to understand how pedals work ! Love those video's. Do you have a video about stacking modulation into delay and reverb ?
hm... no just this one on modulation stacking really, I'll make a note of it as an idea for a video though. Thanks!
I love the bad stone phaser.
Absolutely Marvelous ! Stacked Flangecakes with Buttered Chorus. I'm hungry
hello and thank you for these good advices.
As a gothic/darkwave guitar player I usually stacked so much modulations 😅
I noticed that stacking modulations is often more complicated if the effect are very deep.
I play with a Roland JC amp mainly with an American Strat and sometimes with a Gibson LP Studio or a Fernandes Retrorocket Elite.
That tape machine combo would probably sound real nice with a very light overdrive, to give it some saturation.
Yeah good comment! You're right, some light breakup and maybe a narrow mid boost with an EQ pedal would certainly get into even more lo-fi territory. Must try that. Thanks
I stack my Boss DC-2W with my FTT Tri Avatar Multi-Chorus ( add delay & reverb ) and you get Lost in the sound.
Excellent video 👏
Great video man!
I’ve been thinking about the new eqd chorus/vibrato/flanger/rotary pre-dirt and the Mr black chorus ensemble at the end and this validates my desire. Yeehaw.
Subscribed btw. Cool stuff.
I love stacking modulation algorithms in HX Stomp. Thanks for the soundmaking inspiration.
Really appreciate this video, very much simplified to understand… I’m fairly new to collecting pedals I have about 15 or so already I’m good at playing the bass but I’ve always wanted more sounds and I’ve been having trouble figuring out how to get some of the pedals to work in unison this helped a lot I never understood what pedal stacking was, thanks!
Omar Rodriguez Lopez inspired me to stack Mod pedals. He stacks chorus, Flanger, Phaser… this recent tour he has an amazing tone
I will often stack my Boss PH1R into my BF2 flanger.
In general, I always felt one modulation effect at a time was appropriate, and more could get too messy and convoluted sounding (unless you’re David Gilmour 😄). But recently when I was trying to emulate a 70s Electric Mistress type of flanger tone out of some various flangers that are Not the Electric Mistress; stacking EQs before and after, and even a applying some comb filtering, I just happened to stack two different flangers … and that was a huge game changer for me. I always struggled with flangers being too dramatically sweepy and swooshy, unless you just set it more like a chorus. But blending two creates something more subtle than jet swooshes, but more complex and interesting than chorusing.
This is such an incredible video. Thank you!! I have some things to explore
Nice one Mike! Excellent video creative, insightful advice.
Glad to see your growing channel mate covering different topics than the majority of guitar/pedal channels.
Always stacked and loved my modulation FX and use them sparingly definitely for me gives a better, natural, realistic effected tone.
Keep the great vids coming many players definitely appreciate your different content. All the best mate, Steve (Old Greenhouse studios, Stockport).
Great examples in there! You help us all with these tricks to push us into new territory.
The chorus vibrato was cool and your playing was great.
Kind thanks
Envelop filter and super phaser is Mike Einziger’s Redefine verse tone! Beautiful stuff
Wondering why there are a million gain stacking videos on here but on the forums everyone shits on multiple modulation pedals on at the same time. I mix filter, phase, flange, chorus, and tremolo with different combinations and gain stages all the time and I love the results
What are those copies of the real books that you have on your bookshelf? Never seen them look like that, but I want a set.
Thanks, it's just a set of the real books that I use when learning jazz standards. The 'New Real Book' series are also good.
Nice idea for a video! I love putting my Boss CE-5 in front of the VB-2.
Best video everrr!!!
Great video, going to try myself. That OD-3 I see is a keeper, just watched your video on the TR-2 👍
why complicate and say it's cool? add to mix .Is it still cool?
It’s thrice cool
O great, now I need every type of modulation pedal to experiment with. As if my dirt fetish weren’t enough. 😂
Great video, many thanks. Just curious, but do you have any suggestions about how to stack modulation for a rotary sound? I’ve just never seen this done well and would appreciate hearing your thoughts on this.
Many thanks
Modulation stacking my favourite subject !
the double chorus is lush! Time to start saving for another chorus pedal :)
Wow, this is a good video. So much cooler to show me something new I can do with the effects I have rather than trying sell me another thing I don’t really need.
i love my boss slicer pedal! also highly recommend the ehx nano mistress. great flanger that i don't find too many super cheezy sounds on for a relatively cheap price. obviously stacking them yields great results :)
Friend your tips are very important I always like these videos, they are quite good
These are all sick combos. I sometimes stack a reversed delay and a reversed reverb and that'll sound cool
What a brilliant, refreshing topic for a guitar pedal video. Great stuff.
Awesome stuff, you've given me all sorts of ideas for my own music!
I miss the vintage "swoosh" sounds Michael Jordon used to get.
Awesome lofi tone with vibrato and chorus.