Wow, I love this video and can't wait to hear about the neutron stars. Love all the work you put into "How the Universe Works" too! Thank you for spending time breaking these concepts down for us!
I live just a few km from LIGO Livingston. They are open to the public one Saturday each month. They have an visitor center with interactive displays, and give tours of the control room. It'a a very cool place to visit.
Wrong in "gravitational waves are not time dilation". Here is a quote from "Time Matters: 3rd edition" referring first LIGO experiment: First gravitational waves detection was reported in 2016 when “two black holes merged”. Kip Thorne: “The black holes that LIGO (the device described below) observed created a storm in which the flow of time speeded, then slowed, then speeded. A storm with space bending this way, then that.”
Does a black hole block a gravitational wave passing through it and absorb its energy? Or would it pass right through, possibly extracting information? Do gravitational waves contain maximum entropy? Do gravitational waves carry positive or negative energy? How does angular momentum get converted into gravitational waves? How does mass get converted into gravitational waves?
I was also pondering your first question. It won't let me post the link but the title of the article is - Ask Ethan: Can Gravitational Waves Pass Through Black Holes.
The weakest force that is also _incredibly_ weakly coupled to mass which is why detecting Gravitational Waves is an unbelievably difficult Engineering challenge 👍
The interesting thing to me is that when any mass goes through an acceleration (obviously there is another mass that is also going through an acceleration because of the reaction force), it makes a gravitational wave. As Dr. Sutter has mentioned before, gravitational waves also do not come out of a black hole. Now, if the black hole hologram theory is correct, a gravitational wave gets recorded on the surface of the black hole. Whatever happens in the universe, when its wave reaches a black hole, it gets recorded right there. So whatever we do is physically recorded on a black hole somewhere in the universe.
I wonder, if there was a way to detect even the tiniest gravitational waves, could that be used to somehow peek beyond the event horizon of a black hole?
Doesn't the fact that a black hole has ring down after a merger imply that information can escape from the event horizon and that there is structure beyond the event horizon? What else could we learn about what is beyond the event horizon by studying gravity waves? Does this have an implications for seeing beyond the big bang?
What did you mean when you said that gravitational waves are living? Are water waves, or waves on a string living also? That is an odd choice of words. Did you simply mean that they real, physical things?
Do we have a theory of how mass or energy curve space-time? General relativity doesn't really explain that ? Is a "quantum explanation" of gravity needed to explain this?
Great question! The Einstein Field Equations describe how spacetime curves due to the presence of various forms of energy, which is of course a property of matter modeled as the exchange of bosons between fermions. That energy can be considered as being "positive" as opposed to the negative energy property of spacetime as pointed out by Hawking. To quote him directly: "In the case of a universe that is approximately uniform in space, one can show that this negative gravitational energy exactly cancels the positive energy represented by the matter. So the total energy of the universe is zero." While that statement was made in the context of the Big Bang, what it implies is quite profound! Rather than a violation of conservation of energy, we have a perfect balance, a deep relationship between matter and spacetime. It could be the ultimate yin-yang principle of physical reality itself, the ultimate "conservation" or "symmetry" if you will. Will we be able to understand that deeper principle? Maybe not! Attempts to quantize gravity into bosons results in the equations blowing up in everyone's face. I suspect it's just because they're trying to force something (spacetime) to be it's existential opposite (QM matter).
At 4:03 you say "a good way to think about why" gravitational waves can't go faster than c & then you don't give a single reason why IN THE WHOLE VIDEO. Thus, this can't be said to be an "essential guide". I assume there must be something in general relativity that predicts they can't go faster than c? It's not just an astronomical observation? I know GR is very hard but you are a master of explaining things clearly. Please say why. It's especially weird that the speed of g is limited by the electromagnetic constants ɛ₀μ₀. Gravity should 100% ignore them!
How far away from us 1.4 billion years ago were the black holes that merged 1.4 billion years ago? Does this account for the expansion of the universe?
It was 1.4 billion light years away. The relation of that particular object with the overall expansion of the cosmos would be the same as any other object 1.4 billion light years away generally.
@@kenlogsdon7095 It sounds like if we were all in the same spot 13.77 billion years ago and the observable universe is now 92 billion light years wide that 1.4 billion years ago we would have been 13/14ths of 1.4 billion lightyears away from these objects but cosmic inflation turned on 5 billion years ago accelerating this expansion which means we were probably slightly less than 13/14ths of 1.4 billion lightyears away compensating for 1.4/5ths of 5 billion years of accelerating dark matter.
@3:00 The spaceman claims no time dilation happens for gravitational waves. BS. If time dilation, even if very small, does not happen then the speed of light is not constant for all observers. If differences in gravity causes time dilation elsewhere why is the gravity (curvature of spacetime) different in a gravity wave? I have always wondered whether LIDO actually worked as it relies on very small fluctuation in the time of the laser beams to determine a gravitational wave has passed.
A galaxy like our Milky Way is ~125,000 light years across. How does such a collective system of mass seemingly move as a unit across this vast distance if gravity's speed is really restricted to the speed of light? Gravity must work at a speed orders of magnitude faster than light speed.
Wake me when someone can tell me what the "fabric" of spacetime IS. Science throws around the term "fabric of spacetime" like, oh yeah, sure, fabric of spacetime. Please always insert a disclaimer that we have no idea what this total mystery is, at its most fundamental reality.
I don't understand how we can say inflation is a hypothetical even in the early nanoseconds of the universe and then we say gravitational waves may have produced light and in fact did so in the early universe. It's kind of a jump from theoretically to most definitely while all standing on hypothetically. We still have a problem of nothing going faster than light with the exception of everything during inflation which is hard enough to swallow without it being swelled up with imaginary dark matter or I mean theoretical dark matter that is 95% of the mass of the universe of which we can't even measure the smallest particles of at all nor can we even have any set of rules the connect this smallest particles to those black holes or even a star or a planet but we are now positive for sure that gravitational waves produced light in the early universe we can't see at least we see something that makes no sense when we look at it like super massive galaxies only 500 million years after the...... theoretical.....big...banging... singularity or whatever they call it today. Glad we figured that out for sure. Can we work on the whole measurement problem with quantum mechanics or the dark matter issue as in wtf is it besides a label for all we don't know?
6 By the word of the LORD were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth. 7 He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses. 8 Let all the earth fear the LORD: let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him. 9 For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast. Psalm : 33:6-9
Este es el nido del que ablo. Mi amigo oir muchos dias cayado pora no escuchar malas respuestas pero sienore a esoerado que dios o de alguna manera saver porque tanto pirque para el es un paraiso aunque es pibre siente que tiene lo aue el dinero no puede conprar
Wow, I love this video and can't wait to hear about the neutron stars. Love all the work you put into "How the Universe Works" too! Thank you for spending time breaking these concepts down for us!
Great production Paul. I always enjoy your explanation of complex concepts. We can now listen to the universe.
Great video. All the effort you're putting here is gonna pay off, sooner than you think. I'm sure.
I live just a few km from LIGO Livingston. They are open to the public one Saturday each month. They have an visitor center with interactive displays, and give tours of the control room. It'a a very cool place to visit.
A good A/C system is a necessity during these hot Louisiana summers!
@@kenlogsdon7095You are so right!
Wrong in "gravitational waves are not time dilation". Here is a quote from "Time Matters: 3rd edition" referring first LIGO experiment:
First gravitational waves detection was reported in 2016 when “two black holes merged”. Kip Thorne: “The black holes that LIGO (the device described below) observed created a storm in which the flow of time speeded, then slowed, then speeded. A storm with space bending this way, then that.”
Not only very interesting, but most enjoyable to listen to Paul. Thanks a million!
This explains it very well, thanks professor.
I like the animations here! Btw, the LIGO arms should even have a correction for the earth's curvature: imagine the precision required!
A brilliant exposition! Thank so much!
Well defined, Paul.
Thank you for making this so simplified. Excellent work. 😇🤗😘
Does a black hole block a gravitational wave passing through it and absorb its energy?
Or would it pass right through, possibly extracting information?
Do gravitational waves contain maximum entropy?
Do gravitational waves carry positive or negative energy?
How does angular momentum get converted into gravitational waves?
How does mass get converted into gravitational waves?
I was also pondering your first question. It won't let me post the link but the title of the article is - Ask Ethan: Can Gravitational Waves Pass Through Black Holes.
Just awesome, thank you.
How close would an event (you pick) have to be for a human to feel it?
The weakest force that is also _incredibly_ weakly coupled to mass which is why detecting Gravitational Waves is an unbelievably difficult Engineering challenge 👍
Black board is back?
The interesting thing to me is that when any mass goes through an acceleration (obviously there is another mass that is also going through an acceleration because of the reaction force), it makes a gravitational wave. As Dr. Sutter has mentioned before, gravitational waves also do not come out of a black hole. Now, if the black hole hologram theory is correct, a gravitational wave gets recorded on the surface of the black hole. Whatever happens in the universe, when its wave reaches a black hole, it gets recorded right there. So whatever we do is physically recorded on a black hole somewhere in the universe.
awesome... fantástic !!
"The down side of gravitational waves is that they're weak and hard to spot." ( 16.00 minutes black and white!) I like!!!!
Very good 👍🏼
Can it be disrupted and loosen gravity
Thanks 🙏
How do we reconcile the "nothing comes back to me" case with conservation of energy?
Curious as to what’s the experience in between when being stretched within space time by gravitational waves?
Probably about the same as the tidal force created as the moon passes overhead as felt on the surface of the Earth. IOW, not much.
Could gravitational waves theoretically be created with so much energy they radiate as gravitons? Or some other kind of particles?
I wonder, if there was a way to detect even the tiniest gravitational waves, could that be used to somehow peek beyond the event horizon of a black hole?
Nope.
Pretty sure time dilation does occur as s consequence of gravitational wave oscillations.
Doesn't the fact that a black hole has ring down after a merger imply that information can escape from the event horizon and that there is structure beyond the event horizon?
What else could we learn about what is beyond the event horizon by studying gravity waves?
Does this have an implications for seeing beyond the big bang?
What did you mean when you said that gravitational waves are living? Are water waves, or waves on a string living also? That is an odd choice of words. Did you simply mean that they real, physical things?
Do we have a theory of how mass or energy curve space-time? General relativity doesn't really explain that ? Is a "quantum explanation" of gravity needed to explain this?
Great question! The Einstein Field Equations describe how spacetime curves due to the presence of various forms of energy, which is of course a property of matter modeled as the exchange of bosons between fermions. That energy can be considered as being "positive" as opposed to the negative energy property of spacetime as pointed out by Hawking. To quote him directly: "In the case of a universe that is approximately uniform in space, one can show that this negative gravitational energy exactly cancels the positive energy represented by the matter. So the total energy of the universe is zero." While that statement was made in the context of the Big Bang, what it implies is quite profound! Rather than a violation of conservation of energy, we have a perfect balance, a deep relationship between matter and spacetime. It could be the ultimate yin-yang principle of physical reality itself, the ultimate "conservation" or "symmetry" if you will. Will we be able to understand that deeper principle? Maybe not! Attempts to quantize gravity into bosons results in the equations blowing up in everyone's face. I suspect it's just because they're trying to force something (spacetime) to be it's existential opposite (QM matter).
At 4:03 you say "a good way to think about why" gravitational waves can't go faster than c & then you don't give a single reason why IN THE WHOLE VIDEO. Thus, this can't be said to be an "essential guide". I assume there must be something in general relativity that predicts they can't go faster than c? It's not just an astronomical observation? I know GR is very hard but you are a master of explaining things clearly. Please say why. It's especially weird that the speed of g is limited by the electromagnetic constants ɛ₀μ₀. Gravity should 100% ignore them!
Como y porque de donde vienen eyos
How far away from us 1.4 billion years ago were the black holes that merged 1.4 billion years ago? Does this account for the expansion of the universe?
It was 1.4 billion light years away. The relation of that particular object with the overall expansion of the cosmos would be the same as any other object 1.4 billion light years away generally.
@@kenlogsdon7095 It sounds like if we were all in the same spot 13.77 billion years ago and the observable universe is now 92 billion light years wide that 1.4 billion years ago we would have been 13/14ths of 1.4 billion lightyears away from these objects but cosmic inflation turned on 5 billion years ago accelerating this expansion which means we were probably slightly less than 13/14ths of 1.4 billion lightyears away compensating for 1.4/5ths of 5 billion years of accelerating dark matter.
@3:00 The spaceman claims no time dilation happens for gravitational waves. BS. If time dilation, even if very small, does not happen then the speed of light is not constant for all observers. If differences in gravity causes time dilation elsewhere why is the gravity (curvature of spacetime) different in a gravity wave? I have always wondered whether LIDO actually worked as it relies on very small fluctuation in the time of the laser beams to determine a gravitational wave has passed.
I'm not smart enough to give you the answers, Although there are many scientific resources at your fingertips that would help answer your questions.
A galaxy like our Milky Way is ~125,000 light years across. How does such a collective system of mass seemingly move as a unit across this vast distance if gravity's speed is really restricted to the speed of light? Gravity must work at a speed orders of magnitude faster than light speed.
So is gravity a fundamental force of nature?
Fun fact: If spacetime couldn't "curve', energy couldn't exist, per the Einstein Field Equations.
a wave requires time.
how in this universe can someone downvote something like this? are you guys against knowledge? against being?
More like Space-cadet !
Wake me when someone can tell me what the "fabric" of spacetime IS. Science throws around the term "fabric of spacetime" like, oh yeah, sure, fabric of spacetime. Please always insert a disclaimer that we have no idea what this total mystery is, at its most fundamental reality.
I don't understand how we can say inflation is a hypothetical even in the early nanoseconds of the universe and then we say gravitational waves may have produced light and in fact did so in the early universe. It's kind of a jump from theoretically to most definitely while all standing on hypothetically. We still have a problem of nothing going faster than light with the exception of everything during inflation which is hard enough to swallow without it being swelled up with imaginary dark matter or I mean theoretical dark matter that is 95% of the mass of the universe of which we can't even measure the smallest particles of at all nor can we even have any set of rules the connect this smallest particles to those black holes or even a star or a planet but we are now positive for sure that gravitational waves produced light in the early universe we can't see at least we see something that makes no sense when we look at it like super massive galaxies only 500 million years after the...... theoretical.....big...banging... singularity or whatever they call it today. Glad we figured that out for sure. Can we work on the whole measurement problem with quantum mechanics or the dark matter issue as in wtf is it besides a label for all we don't know?
😜
6 By the word of the LORD were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth.
7 He gathereth the waters of the sea together as an heap: he layeth up the depth in storehouses.
8 Let all the earth fear the LORD: let all the inhabitants of the world stand in awe of him.
9 For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast.
Psalm : 33:6-9
Este es el nido del que ablo. Mi amigo oir muchos dias cayado pora no escuchar malas respuestas pero sienore a esoerado que dios o de alguna manera saver porque tanto pirque para el es un paraiso aunque es pibre siente que tiene lo aue el dinero no puede conprar
I would suggest you research fast hair growth fortified shampoo to double hair growth.
I love Jesus ❤
Px=px's=reactor=x0/100%0=°|1/2|[÷\×]{•°}=cod=map=∆=reedertalkerlanguage
Who is this Einstein enfant terrible?
Perfect example of when someone literally can't explain what it is.
Go to theoria apophasis for what it is. This guy has no clue.
You can't be a scientist and as emotional as a charlatan.