DIY X-ray backscatter imaging system (airport body scanner)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 17 ม.ค. 2025

ความคิดเห็น • 156

  • @RimstarOrg
    @RimstarOrg 12 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Fantastic work, and crystal clear explanation! Thanks! Your use of a potentiometer for detecting the Y position (3:03) reminded me of how I tracked the X and Y positions of a pen for input to a TRS-80 computer for a high school science project.

  • @linkdude64
    @linkdude64 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Making this video and information public is going to have such far-reaching benefits for aspiring hardware enthusiasts all over the planet, especially as the internet spreads out. Way cool! Congratulations on being part of an awesome societal project to break down the barriers of what just a handful of humans can do when information is shared! Woot!

  • @mikeselectricstuff
    @mikeselectricstuff 12 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    A big RC servo would be a quick & easy way to do the tilt. But I'm sure you're the sort of guy who would prefer to machine your own gears out of plate....

  • @AppliedScience
    @AppliedScience  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Materials with a low atomic number (water, plastics, etc) will scatter lots of X-rays, so there will be more signal from them. High-Z materials like metals will absorb more X-rays and backscatter fewer, so they will emit less signal. Density is also a factor. My oscilloscope has a z axis input such 0V = full bright, 1.8V = dark. The PMT outputs a 0 to -2 V signal with 100K load resistor, which is just brought above 0 by the opamp without inverting.

    • @mistal1408
      @mistal1408 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      could post your blue prints that help you make this ( the link) i think it would be to cool to see

  • @arcadeuk
    @arcadeuk 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    It just amazes me that someone is capable of building their own xray backscatter machine in their workshop. More impressive is the simple way in which you have been able to record the output

  • @leosbagoftricks3732
    @leosbagoftricks3732 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very interesting project- very solid overlap of physics, mechanics, electronics, and a hefty dose of clever.

  • @lodevijk
    @lodevijk 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Ben, you are the Renaissance man. You use physics, mechanics, electronics as if each was just a simple tool on your shelf. Every new video of yours is more impressive than the previous one.

  • @AppliedScience
    @AppliedScience  12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Good idea! My original plan was to use an FPGA to fill a framebuffer, and output VGA or HDMI. I'd still like to do this, but the soundcard idea is probably more effective and easier in many ways. Hmm

  • @jackndbox8326
    @jackndbox8326 9 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Impressive job.
    My thoughts on the application of this as the name of the channel stated:
    1. Exposure - compton scattering or backscatter means that you need high exposure or at least, large area of exposure (to the human body). That means, higher radiation doses.
    2. Cost - The SIZE of the detector you'll gonna have for practical application means a lot of costs.
    3. Shielding - Imagine this on an airport. Since your dealing with scattering, it is literally scattered all over the place. that's why an appropriate shielding is needed for airports. Cost too.
    Most of these machines were removed on public airports (US and UK) due to some of these reasons.
    Source: I'm a Linear Accelerator Tech.

  • @AppliedScience
    @AppliedScience  12 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I have a very old version of SolidWorks at home. I use SolidWorks 2012 at work.

  • @jeriellsworth
    @jeriellsworth 12 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Very nice!

  • @mikeselectricstuff
    @mikeselectricstuff 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Way less sensitive as they are just photodiodes, and have a fairly small area - a photomultiplier is many orders of magnitude more sensitive, and Ben's detector has tens of thousands times more detection area - in all you're probably looking at maybe a million to a billion times more sensitivity.

  • @MysticalDork
    @MysticalDork 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    @Logician Writer because all you'd get each time you take a photo (assuming the camera is even sensitive enough) is a glowing area where x-rays are hitting the screen. There's no way to focus the x-rays being scattered back to the detector so you need the combination of scanning from the rotary aperture and the oscilloscope to do the same kind of "image processing" that an optical lens does. All the information you'd get without that processing is 'there's something in the way of the beam.'

  • @joyange1
    @joyange1 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I remember reading in a physics book some years ago about using Iridium as a x-ray lens. I have a home made x-ray machine but I never been able to get a hold of Iridium to test it with. It would be neat to be able to build a x-ray camera because the traditional "shadow puppet" technique of X-ray imaging has it limits.

  • @maybearkamaybenot11
    @maybearkamaybenot11 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I am somewhat a recent subscriber of yours and was searching for xray optics or something that uses passive xray. You were years ahead XD

  •  12 ปีที่แล้ว

    After adjusting to Ben Kr'asnow level of awesomeness, this is still awesome.

  • @MinceWalsh
    @MinceWalsh 12 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Wow. That is an awesome project. I have thousands of thoughts going through my mind at the moment ranging from "Wish I had a cnc milling machine" to "does the tilt scan distort the actual imaging compared to a worm gear straight up and down scan?"

  • @TheJetSparrow
    @TheJetSparrow 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I recommend watching mikeselectric tear down of an airport xray scanner if you haven't already. It uses many small sensors to create a vertical line and then the scan rate is determined by the conveyor speed

  • @firoxlion
    @firoxlion 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    You're correct with your assumption.
    Most front-driven cars have two opposing tapered bearings on each drive shaft, and then one in the drum brakes/hub on the back wheels. Personally I've never replaced the wheel bearings of a rear-wheel driven car, so I don't know how it goes there, unfortunately.

  • @hinspect
    @hinspect 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Interesting. I worked with X-Ray imaging for Food Systems both Conveyor and Pumped food through a detection Window and to the detector array. That technology involved using a Collimator (?) for not focusing but only allowing the X-Ray beam into a thin line. That matched the detector width and the scan rate of the Detector Array and was dependent on the speed of the Conveyor or speed of the substance with a Pump system. It was not a backscatter setup but Emitter and Detector synchronized image. Airline Baggage scanners used this technology 30 years ago.

  • @hpux735
    @hpux735 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is very rad. I was wondering, I know that the light from your scintillator is very dim, but could you do some crystallography or tomography by utilizing the angle of the reflected X-ray?

  • @drspastic
    @drspastic 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    this gave me a couple of ideas: using x or gamma rays, make an imaging device using a: an old flatbed scanner with the lamp removed. should get very high res images if the carriage is slowed down enough for the rays to directly blast the linnear ccd pixels. b: make an image using an alpha emitter on the toner drum of a laser printer. alpha particles should nutralise the static and cause ink to fall off, producing a negative image of some kind

  • @pchobo
    @pchobo 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wish i had the patience you do. Really lets you do some frick'n neat things.

  • @RWGresearch
    @RWGresearch 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    That is fantastic. Excellent work a lot of time went into this, I know because I've been watching you progress. Keep it up we all enjoy the videos. ~Russ

  • @moufet
    @moufet 11 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very impressive skills Ben.

  • @YucedagMedya
    @YucedagMedya 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Very nice!.. Is there any detailed tutorial?

  • @frac
    @frac 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Are there any safety features at this point? For example, some way to stop the beam if the X or Y axis is not moving "suitably". I have no idea if you can turn x-ray tubes on and off easily, but it looks like a solenoid that pops a shutter into the beam path would work too.

  • @MysticalDork
    @MysticalDork 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Two-part answer for both questions: The amount of back-scatter you get is dependent on A) the density of the thing being scanned and B) the energy level of the x-rays. The tendency of denser (metal, especially heavy dense metals like tungsten) materials to scatter WAY more than lower-density lighter things (bones, flesh, clothing, plastics, etc) allows the TSA to find guns, knives, etc. easier. Also, back-scatter scanners can be lower-powered and can use lower-energy x-rays to get a good image.

  • @codenamecody
    @codenamecody 8 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You use photo-multiplier tubes in several of your videos. Could you point me to some literature on these, or consider making a video on their operation and use?

  • @DigGil3
    @DigGil3 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Keep working on this! Hope you achieve more resolution and less noise!

  • @skonkfactory
    @skonkfactory 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Have you considered using a sound card and a Processing sketch to capture the data?

  • @NickMoore
    @NickMoore 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    But that was a transmissive scanner, you would need both the detector and and the x-ray source to move together or have the person get moved by on a conveyor :/ I wonder if the sensors in Mike's detector are any more or less sensitive though, being engineered for the job.

  • @AppliedScience
    @AppliedScience  11 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    No idea, I'm afraid.

    • @fail_fast
      @fail_fast 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hey Ben, I'm a big fan of the channel. This video is a few years old but if you have any interest in discussing this technology further then let me know and we can prior art. I currently do mechanical design work on backscatter systems for Rapiscan/AS&E.

  • @MysticalDork
    @MysticalDork 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    They are mirrored. Did you not see the shinyness at 2:07 ? The outside is black to prevent light from leaking INTO the detector.

  • @vk2zay
    @vk2zay 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    So well done I'm speechless!

  • @MrCoonskin
    @MrCoonskin 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Tapered bearing at the front supporting the wheel end of the axle and a tapered bearing at the rear in the differential supporting that end.

  • @TheTopLogician
    @TheTopLogician 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why the photomultiplier tube and oscilloscope? Couldn't you capture a comparable image with a camera directly from the phosphor screen>

  • @badrinair
    @badrinair 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very impressed with your project.

  • @jpommer2
    @jpommer2 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome! Where do you find the time to get projects of this scope done?!?

  • @jpommer2
    @jpommer2 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Did the poultry submit to a "manual search" as well? Thank you for not filming that.

  • @3D_Printing
    @3D_Printing 8 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    One way to cook Christmas dinner :)

  • @Palmit_
    @Palmit_ 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    A chikkin' in a jumper! The last thing i expected to see on applied science. i can't stop laughing 😂😂😂 Great intro :)

  • @U235hexafluoridedude
    @U235hexafluoridedude 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    That's up there in the upper echelon of amateur projects. Kudos.

  • @neut1121
    @neut1121 8 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    the long exposure on the oscilloscope was smart as fuck.. wow

  • @Kizmox
    @Kizmox 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Yet another incredible DIY project! great job!

  • @W6OHM
    @W6OHM 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    It seems like your image is reversed - more backscatter causes a drop in intensity on the scope. Is this by design or an artifact of how your PMT + op-amp circuit works?

  • @firoxlion
    @firoxlion 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hey, thanks for telling me, you can learn something new everyday!

  • @techotoddy
    @techotoddy 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    You could use an electric linear actuator from somebody like LINAK for a smooth controlled scan.

  • @darkobul1
    @darkobul1 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    it should not be big problem to store data in form of image file?
    But great use of oscilloscope and long exposure. Great idea.

  • @xng14
    @xng14 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    What CAD program do you use ?

  • @jathalan
    @jathalan 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Just found your channel. Awesome! You said there is lens for x-ray, but couldn't you build an x-ray pin-hole camera?

    • @MilanKarakas
      @MilanKarakas 10 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      In theory, yes... you can. But, did you ever built pinhole imaging device? Just for fun, use aluminium foil, puncture it with sharp needle. Then place this hole over the incandescent light bulb, then project picture onto paper. Surely, you can see faint picture of the tungsten wire, but only that - nothing else. Imagine then how much x-rays will be needed for decent picture - even frozen chicken may get radiation sickness and die for a second time. :D

    • @JonathanRockway
      @JonathanRockway 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Wild Maniac You can also use a zone plate, which works like a pinhole but lets more light through: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_plate

    • @MilanKarakas
      @MilanKarakas 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      Oh, yes, thanks for reminder. Zone plate, that is right.

  • @immerseview
    @immerseview 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Ben Krasnow you are one top guy

  • @greenbumblebee9687
    @greenbumblebee9687 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wow amazing 😮. So simple and it would never have come to my mind that way. But you could do the same with an IR-Laserdiode instead and no money IR-Sensor to create a lowcost structure-scanner, even the runtime-sigal could be additionaly derived to get 3D info out of it..... so I guess at least 😅

  • @sweetguy19762
    @sweetguy19762 9 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    applied science I bought a really big x ray tube at military surplus store, I have a 1000 watt transformer that is also high in voltage and Im going to run the x ray tube with it, if I get to run with no problems what do you think about the radiation at that power level?

    • @AppliedScience
      @AppliedScience  9 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Owen Chase Wear your lead underpants. The X-ray tube voltage will determine how well the X-rays penetrate. Under 10KV, and the rays will be stopped by thin glass and aluminum. Above 30KV, you'll need lead shielding. Medical tubes that operate at 75KV and at high currents are a real hazard.

    • @sweetguy19762
      @sweetguy19762 9 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Applied Science o ok because I have a tesla coil that ran at 100,000 volts.

    • @robmckennie4203
      @robmckennie4203 8 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      +Owen Chase science channel you may be able to put out 100kv, but good luck pushing any real current at that voltage

    • @snowboyyuhui
      @snowboyyuhui 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      is it because of ohmic heating melting the conductor?

    • @reecebeck971
      @reecebeck971 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@robmckennie4203 you don't need much current for xray... Besides, 100kv at the power of the transformer he has is about 10mA.

  • @greengrowlocks566
    @greengrowlocks566 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Can anyone explain how the scintilator turns the signal into an image? What pieces it together or other components make it work?

  • @dtopham100
    @dtopham100 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very interesting...I have one question though...did the chicken squawk? ;-}

  • @smartereveryday
    @smartereveryday 12 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Genius. I got Smarter Today.

  • @KaletheQuick
    @KaletheQuick 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is all cool and exciting, but... how would a sound card and stuff work? Could you do a video explaining this?
    I love you stuff, but sometimes it flies right over my head! >.

  • @jeans.1328
    @jeans.1328 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    This guy is like a batman of real life!

  • @kerajit
    @kerajit 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I have question, why are you so awesome?

  • @OrenUrbach
    @OrenUrbach 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    What was the approximate cost of this project?

  • @HntrSvrsn
    @HntrSvrsn 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Oh my gosh this is amazing.

  • @DavidMills_Physicist
    @DavidMills_Physicist 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazingly well done!

  • @thecobraman
    @thecobraman 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    this is one spot on video buddy
    top marks form me

  • @engali78
    @engali78 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    would you pls send me all the name of equipment's you used in the device if that possible , thank you soooo much

  • @donaldasayers
    @donaldasayers 9 ปีที่แล้ว

    You could angle the screen so that it was tilted haf way between the xray and the camera to give less distortion?

    • @lgab
      @lgab 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      +Donald Sayers That would only be harder to correct for as the projection itself will be distorted if the screen isn't perpendicular to the x-ray source.

    • @donaldasayers
      @donaldasayers 9 ปีที่แล้ว

      +lgab But the distortions by symmetry, will cancel out.

    • @JohnMullee
      @JohnMullee 7 ปีที่แล้ว

      Or view back of phosphor screen through a 45deg mirror

  • @saipandivemaster
    @saipandivemaster 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have a backscatter van with xray machine still inside and a 20 KVA genetator. I originally purchased it to turn the box truck into a food truck and when i broke the lock open, To my surprise i found the xray system still intact in prestine condition. Can I sale this? And where can i sale it? Thanks.

  • @SquirrelFromGradLife
    @SquirrelFromGradLife 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    building your own airport without the TSA?

  • @telwood15
    @telwood15 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Most of these projects are pretty high tech and outside my pocket but of real interest .

  • @TheH0nk
    @TheH0nk 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    how about a low lux monochrome camera instead of the photo multiplier?

  • @BarsMonster
    @BarsMonster 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    How much % of X-Rays backscatter? Why even bother with backscatered X-Rays and not place detector behind object? Or only metal objects backscatter much?

  • @jorgefc
    @jorgefc 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Would scotch tape work as an x-ray source?

  • @sazhen86
    @sazhen86 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    What can I say? This is awesome!

  • @kubarebo
    @kubarebo 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I agree, but that's what engineers do. This is a little snicker at all the artsy people out there who think engineers are somehow "limited".

  • @MysticalDork
    @MysticalDork 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I miss-spoke, low-mass atoms scatter a lot, high-mass atoms absorb a lot. (water is a good reflector, lead is good at absorbing.)

  • @DirtyBob6969
    @DirtyBob6969 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    I would love to hear a real report on what X-Rays can do to a person with long time exposure. You're dealing with x-rays see what you find.

  • @alexwang007
    @alexwang007 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    could you try to improve the sensitivity of your detector? i think an APD would do a better job

    • @arthurmario5996
      @arthurmario5996 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      APD not good for large area. scintillator + pmt much better.

  • @qamarpasha2818
    @qamarpasha2818 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    when you doubt your chicken for metal poising

  • @kc0eks
    @kc0eks 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    very cool

  • @chindeezy2987
    @chindeezy2987 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    how will I make home made inspection full body analyzing system and software to read the info New at the manufacturing any electronics

  • @TheFloatingSheep
    @TheFloatingSheep 9 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    "hold your hands above your head"

    • @stevusbeefus
      @stevusbeefus 5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      turkey proceeds to pull ak-47 out of body cavity

  • @johnstubbe3113
    @johnstubbe3113 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    how about using x-ray for your spectrometer for metal id

  • @borissaid4542
    @borissaid4542 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    For some reason this reminds me of early mechanical tvs

  • @MysticalDork
    @MysticalDork 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Safe? Yes, as long as you practice adequate safety. (He does, uses a Geiger counter to determine rad levels, gets the F out if they're too high, etc) Legal? Same answer, with the addition of warning and keeping bystanders safe/away from it when it's on. (He most likely does this or doesn't even turn it on when others are around)

  • @budgreen4875
    @budgreen4875 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Is this safe ?

  • @joyange1
    @joyange1 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    That's why I never got any, plus, it's takes over 2100'C to melt it. My kiln only goes to 1300'C

  • @JustOneAsbesto
    @JustOneAsbesto 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    The one thing that I find really puzzling about this video is why one man would need so many calipers.

  • @wa4aos
    @wa4aos 11 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well, that's OK I guess but I tied both of my shoes by myself today!!! Let's see ya top that dude!!! LOL

  • @Manintoga
    @Manintoga 8 ปีที่แล้ว

    Do you eat the chickens? One would think the x-rays kill off microbes quite nicely.

    • @johnkapri6306
      @johnkapri6306 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      If you were I to hit that chicken with enougth radiation to kill of the bacteria it would probably come alife again only to die from cancer five minutes later. I certainly wouldn't eat it anymore.

    • @Manintoga
      @Manintoga 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      John Kapri Coward, you'll never be a mad scientist!

    • @z185284
      @z185284 8 ปีที่แล้ว

      I recommend you don't eat spices then John :)

  • @starkiz
    @starkiz 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Cool!

  • @manvanstaal99
    @manvanstaal99 10 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing

  • @lekoman
    @lekoman 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    and here I was all proud of the little tool organizer I just built... :\

  • @ZoonCrypticon
    @ZoonCrypticon 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    As far as I was informed, they use Terahertz radiation for the bodyscanning devices, that would be settled in the wavelengthes between micro- and infrared waves and so permeate not too far into the human tissue.

    • @59jm24
      @59jm24 6 ปีที่แล้ว

      The airport machines pick up orthopedic protheses one in my knee and the other in the shoulder, a guarantee for a feel up.

  • @alexwang007
    @alexwang007 7 ปีที่แล้ว

    i don't know much about the res or sensitivity, but i meant SNR

  • @Muonium1
    @Muonium1 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Reminds me of Jeri Ellsworth's microwave scanner video.

  • @falcon02012
    @falcon02012 12 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    i hope you have FCC license. :)

  • @ian5501
    @ian5501 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Why Xrays? Look at NLJD (Non Linear Junction detectors)

  • @kempy666999
    @kempy666999 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hmm, Iridium is over $1000 per ounce - don't know how much you would need, but your lens may be rather expensive :-)

  • @cro1scientist2teen
    @cro1scientist2teen 12 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is a great video, but please buy yourself some lead schielding!
    P.S.
    I wouldn`t eat that chicken...

  • @Kitsaplorax
    @Kitsaplorax 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Don't pinholes work as imaging tools? X-ray appropriate pinholes.