High speed X-ray video: jumping beans, wind-up toys and more!
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 ก.ค. 2024
- High-speed X-ray video captured with a Dectris photon-counting detector. I show how the process works and how this detector is different than normal camera detectors.
www.dectris.com/
media.dectris.com/Technical_S...
Mexican jumping beans: www.amazingbeans.com/
Geiger counter: mightyohm.com/blog/products/g...
X-ray timelapse video: • X-ray timelapse of flu...
ImageJ image format converter: imagej.nih.gov/ij/ (the NIH's SSL cert expired?)
Flipping through images fast enough as if playing video: www.irfanview.com/
Video editing software: www.blackmagicdesign.com/prod...
The sequence of tiff files directly from the sensor contain a lot of temporal flicker -- probably because the X-ray tube itself has time-varying output. This isn't so bad at 60Hz, but quite a problem at 300Hz. I used Resolve's "color stabilizer" to maintain constant levels throughout a clip, and was impressed how well this removed the flicker.
Support Applied Science on Patreon: / appliedscience - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Someone on twitter asked if there is a light-to-frequency conversion for Mexican jumping beans. Wouldn't it be funny to make a camera with jumping beans as pixels?!
I bet if you could articulate some kind of algorithm for light-to-frequency, had a medium large enough in scale to average out the imperfections, and fed an AI off of all that - the generated images would be fantastic.
Or what about the spectral response of jumping beans?
This is mind blowing, such setup in your lab
Also about uncompressed tiffs and an overall size and speed of output: as far as I know, substantial amount of cost of LHC, despite the complexity and high cost of the structure itself and its sensors, is actually a computational setup (I mean servers, network and so on), because there is no way to store information at that bitrate and enormous amounts for later processing, so data should be processed on the fly, and actually store only certain events with given conditions
@@hirobian2 so a smol lobster?
That would be fun! Yeas!
Re. jumping beans and light, it might be fun to project a symbol on the floor with beans scattered randomly, and do a timelapse of them clustering around the dark areas.
That is a good idea
Imagine how often this exact thing happens in nature - too slow for us to grasp how cool it is. Kind of a natural sun-dial with alarm sound
Get the LEDs to go in a grid, have the beans move, then off all LEDs and take a picture. Stop motion 2D video using jumping beans!
Sounds like a good Cody's Lab title intro. th-cam.com/users/theCodyReeder
@@BobCat0 I was thinking that too, totally something Cody would do.
I've worked at particle accelerator x-ray sources and we indeed had a bunch of these high speed photon counting detectors from Dectris and other brands around, though I've never seen such a small one. The Megapixel 2000 fps detectors I know of were in the lower six digits in price. The cool kids nowadays have Megapixel Megahertz detectors at free electron lasers though. Those capture short bursts of images at 5 million fps in full multi Megapixel size with large dynamic range
Wish I was a member of the cool kids :/
POV: you work at black mesa
I would imagine the large aperture ones are in the seven figures.
@@CircaSriYak That place really turned out to be a black mess, huh?
@@douro20 I think not quite. At 7 digits you're getting into the range of inhouse development at the respective facilities
Awesome video!
Yeah it's cool! Hi Destin
Got the notification for this at the same time as a tinder match… i choose this every time.
Since when do science nerds get tinder matches
Ah yes, a man/woman of class.
Tinder match is more time-dependent, video likely isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. 🤷🏻♂️
@@dannymac6368 hes making a really trash joke nerd.
@@dannymac6368 if that tinder wonder go away under 15 minutes, maybe it's not worth for list "my future children's parent".. If you want to just took your toy to out have some fun, no tinder needed.
😱
I was laughing at that 6 figure delicate machine on your work bench by the vise in your garage, propped up on a roll of tape. You know they like you when they let you play with their toys!
Honestly the jumping beans was one of the coolest things I have seen. Great content as always.
Up until now I thought that jumping beans are something out of the cartoons. Wow.
First time see this insects and how they live
First i was thinking it a toy, lol
You mean one of the most cruel things
@@sheerun I said what I meant and I meant what I said.
i google it, and there is worms inside it
You're so cool. Honestly, truthfully, I love how you do these experiments and demos which are fascinating and then go in depth about all the relevant details. I always enjoy your videos. :) Cracking your knuckles would have been great to see on highspeed X-ray if you're willing to accept the dose. 😺 A second or 2 at most to crack one phalangeal joint and capture that video.
Or just move your hand normally
His ultra nerdness has wrapped around into ultra coolness.
@@jhoughjr1 That describes the channel in a nutshell. Especially stuff like his own electron microscope.
I have joins that crack on the regular, without provocation. I’d love to see what that looks like in this thing. My ankles are particularly loud for some reason, I’m only 32… Either way, awesome video as always sir. I love when I get the notification for this channel
@@csours I mean, that's pretty straightforward. A synovial hinge joint like in the knuckle just glides as it bends. It hinges open and closed, so all you'll see are the bones rotating about their cartilaginous connection which isn't very visible due to its density. Cracking the joint though...that's an interesting phenomenon. It's a rapid dissolved gas release from the synovial fluid. The bones move quite fast.
Years ago I had a serious problem with GERD (acid reflux/heart burn) that I eventually had fixed via surgery. Prior to surgery they try various medications or behavior modifications to control the disease as an alternative to surgery and this involved several visits to a radiologist. At one appointment he said "you seem like the type that would be into science..." and after I confirmed his suspicioun he offered to show me a "live x-ray" of my digestive track while swallowing to help me better understand the mechanisms involved, but at the cost of a slightly increased x-ray exposure. He felt it was safe and worth the effort but didn't want so it without my understanding and consent. I was, of course, excited and approved and he brought up a live x-ray of my stomach and showed me exactly how swallowing worked while my body was resting in various different positions. It's actually a lot faster than you think it works be, the food launches down your throat like it was shot out of a slingshot. The "plumbing" of your upper digestive track is actually fairly simple and changes in how you lay in bed can have quite a dramatic affect of the ability of the contents of your stomach to migrate back up your throat. It was very informative and well worth the slightly increased x-ray dose in my opinion.
That'd be radioscopy .
i used to have severe heartburn attacks
2006 my c/o worker told me you put bicarb soda in pools to reduce acid dont you ? well bicarb works the same on stomach acid
Next attack take a teaspoon bicarb soda and wash it down with a bit warm water 15secs its gone he said - 2am that week felt like fish hooks been dragged up my throat
got out bed burning like hell took T/spoon and watched the clock 15secs L8tr Burp Gone ive actually cured my Heartburn i suffered for 10's years Finally peace again works great solved the problem FLU / COLDS i discovered sipping the hot sauce was preventing flu attacks 1am test this woke up feeling crook took a swig 2am gone cured never had flu since 2004 again :) the stomach is is the gateway prevention from bacteria learning what herbs and ? to use is the key to prevention i guess :) Like an engine bad fuel runs bad .
@@markissboi3583 The chunky heartburn tablets/chewables from the supermarket/chemist do the same thing because they're mostly bi carb 👍
Wow that's awesome!
@@markissboi3583 I don't know if it's available in your country but tarragon (Artemisia Dracunculus) essential oil works like a charm to stop heartburn.
Put one drop on a neutral tablet specifically designed for the purpose of ingesting essential oils and the pain should disappear fairly quickly.
If it doesn't work try two drops.
*Some disclaimers though:*
Never ingest more than two drops at once.
Don't take more than 6 drops a day.
Never ever ingest essential oils on their own as this can cause burns in the mouth, esophagus and stomach.
Don't take tarragon oil for more than 7 consecutive days.
In 1972, Field Emission Corporation had a high power pulsed x-ray machine that ran at 1000 frames per second. The setup used a Varian image intensifier tube and a high speed camera with rotating mirrors so the film never slowed. The demonstration showed a model airplane engine running. The actual use was to image pig brains under high G loads using a rocket sled and rapid deceleration. The data was used by the space program and military.
Other products allowed stop-action x-ray images. One machine was capable of producing a 2.5 MeV pulse of 4 ns duration. There were interlocks to the room because the scattered radiation dose from one pulse was lethal. The unit was used to x-ray bomb detonations in the dessert, x-ray aircraft engines, simulate atomic blasts in small spaces, radiation harden semiconductors, and other things.
sounds very similar to the DARHT facility at LANL to image the implosion hydrodynamics of nuclear weapons core surrogate plutonium pits.
Back in 2010 I was touring a few universities to see where I might want to go, and met a guy at UCSD (I think) who told me he'd gotten an assignment to take a photo of a large explosion without detecting any of the explosion's own light, and he'd used X-ray imaging to do it. I wonder if that was related to this?
Seeing those bugs in moving x-ray is really cool, I don't think I've seen anything like that before.
We are using DECTRIS detectors at work (synchrotron beamlines) so I was very intrigued to see one of these on your channel. Amazing video. Another thing worth mentioning is the extremely high dynamic range on single pixel level, unlike any other X-ray image sensor. With these detectors any individual pixel can collect around a million photons before it saturates while the adjacent pixels still remain sensitive to single photons, so there is no bleed over as in CCDs. At the same time you can resolve intensity variations of a million to one while CMOS sensors typically saturate at 65000 counts. That's why they are so valuable for synchrotron science where the X-ray beam is tens of thousands times brighter than from an X-ray tube. By the way, the reasony why they're not so common in imaging is because their pixels are relatively large. The Pilatus models comes at 172µm and the new Eiger models have 75µm pixel size. That's a lot bigger than 5-10µm in high resolution imaging systems (with a much worse signal-to-noise-ratio of course). And of course, they are way more expensive than traditional imaging sensors...
Aren’t modern CCDs pretty much immune to bleed as well? I thought all of the bleed you see in visible light photography is caused by diffraction and other artifacts from the lenses and aperture. This setup doesn’t have a lens and no real aperture, so no bleed.
I might be wrong though :)
@@macyler I also work at a synchrotron with these detectors, the detectors with bleed issues she's talking about (like the perkin elmer XRD1621 for example) have a scintillator layer of some sort before the actual silicon detector layer. The bleed generally occurs there, where photons hitting one section of the scintillator layer cause a larger area to produce visible light photons that are what are actually detected. The flat field response of the scintillator based detectors also changes pretty dramatically for several days if they're exposed to a strong enough x-ray source, which doesn't seem to be an issue with the DECTRIS detectors.
@@jamesweng5241 Interesting, I guess that makes sense. Thanks for sharing!
That's so cool!
Actually photon coounting is also used in medical imaging. New generation CT scans with photon counting are making it to clinical use. They allow lower doses of both x-rays and contrast agents, higher spatial resolution, sharper images (higher signal to noise ratio) and allow "native" spectral imaging with higher precision.
At least that's what the manufacturers are marketing, I've never got to use one yet.
It allows ultra low dose chest CT that are studied for lung cancer screening in smoker ;)
@@TheThinkEat that's awesome! Thanks for sharing.
Does anyone know what the hurdles were for these new low dosage ct scanners? At first blush, it seems like the technology has been around for a long time. Given the cost of the normal machines, I would guess naively that the marginal cost of photon counting wouldn't be huge and the benefit of low dosage and reduced contrast seems enormous.
@@pkomarek the question would be best answered by the manufacturers themselves but I think that as for any electronics-driven technology, the main limits were miniaturization and efficiency. For this kind of application we need hundreds of tiny and highly reliable detectors concentrated in a small area (a few sq. inches), which might have been too expensive until recently.
It sounds like you need to make a tiny mouse sized treadmill for next time.
Also, I think capturing all of the different types of Cherry MX keyboard switches would be neat. There are animated split views of already, but IRL x-ray video would be very interesting, especially if you add the sound they make on top of the video.
Imagine my surprise seeing you having a Pilatus detector. My work place is probably one of Dectris‘ best customers, we have two of the current high end 16MP cameras, an even more specialised one for harder radiation, and at least a dozen smaller and older detectors. These things are used at accelerators dedicated to generating X-rays, so-called synchrotron radiation sources. Also funny that you mention ImageJ, we use it every day. Btw, the Mylar window is mostly there to keep the dry nitrogen in. The sensor is cooled with Peltier elements to sub-ambient temperatures and would form condensation without it.
I’ll send this video to my colleagues for sure.
So cool! Finally got an old Faxitron DX-50 (12cm^2 sensor) X-ray and am attempting to add motorized CT scanning. Learning so much from your vids as usual!
Could you use this to visualize the X-ray emissions from peeling packing tape off the roll? That might be neat!
🧿🕳🧿
I think the trouble with that is getting an image to form on the detector’s focal plane. There’s no easy way to make a lens for x-rays. I think the way Ben is able to form an image in this video is that the dental x-ray tube he’s using is approximately a point source of light. So, tape may make a flash of x-rays, but the x-rays won’t form an image of the tape forming x-rays, if that makes sense.
@@bjmcculloch If lenses are impractical, why not use mirrors?
He should be able to I hope he sees this
Prob not. The triboelectric scotch tape peeling method of x-ray generation only happens in vacuum where electrons have a large enough mean free path to accelerate to KeV energies needed to create x-rays via bremsstrahlung. You'd either need to put the whole detector in the vacuum chamber or build an x-ray transparent beryllium window into the vacuum chamber wall (very hard).
Harbor Freight sells ratchets that are made of composite instead of steel. I bet it would be pretty cool to see the mechanism of gears/pawls inside working without having to disassemble the tool.
As he stated, the object can't be too solid for the x-rays to pass through...
@@Quickened1 i just said the body was made of composite, aka - plastic.
@@jong2359 being plastic is not the problem, it's the density of the plastic. Being a ratchet, it must be VERY dense to hold up to the kinds of forces a ratchet has to endure. It's highly unlikely the x-rays will penetrate, but I guess there'd be no harm in trying...
@@Quickened1 Sure, the composite will produce SOME radiopacity, but you will still easily see the steel mechanisms underneath. It takes an AWFUL lot of plastic to render an exposure completely opaque.
I am a Technical Sales Rep for Proto X-ray Diffraction, and have been doing both single crystal and powder XRD for over 18 years. We use these detectors on our build for both types of systems. They are great for measuring diffracted X-rays from everything from small molecule organics like polymers to minerals and more. We are using one of these to assist in X_ray Metrology in a custom build for a customer.
Look at this maniac putting the kids toy popper UPSIDE DOWN.
Really cool video. Thanks for making it!
The "this is youtube" part sounded more like "I don't want to get canceled" XD. As always, awesome video.
I'm a mineral physicist and have been to many beamlines for x-ray diffraction experiments for high pressure and temperature experiments in large volume presses and diamond anvil cells. We do actually use the detector for imaging too. For example, when we do deformation experiments on samples, we use cylindrical samples in a large volume press. We compress the anvil along the cylinder axis and we want to take both x-ray diffraction of the sample (to calculate stress) and image the sample with gold foils on top and bottom for contrast (to calculate strain).
In my work I have seen the big brother of this Dectris detector at a national lab synchrotron. Used for X-ray crystallography, essential for molecule structural analysis in drug discovery. And yes, they are eye-wateringly expensive.
This is the only channel on TH-cam where you can say "this is not just any x-ray video, it's high speed x-ray video"
Glad to see you back, great video as usual and appreciate the effort put together to share your experiments
This is so awesome. This channel is always fascinating. I often rewatch videos several times.
I was actually thinking about you a few days ago and wondering what you were up to and when you'd make another video. Glad to see you're still uploading. This was awesome as always. Looking forward to the next one.
Fascinating theme. Can't wait for another video of this sorts! Oh and as programmer and Linux enthusiast I'm fascinated with the technical setup. I can't even imagine how hard it is to debug all of this ordeal
Honestly, one of the best (and one of my favorite) TH-cam channels that has ever existed. The content makes my jaw draw and me gently slap my head saying - 'how does he keep finding/making such interesting things'. LOVE IT!
10:13 i use JpegView (with the play slideshow/as a movie function). With a good PC behind it, it can render TIFFs that are quite high into a good movie. A few years back i scanned at max resolution with a big specialized scanner, a glass photography collection and i was using several scanners at once, so i'd use that function (automated a little) to check that all the TIFFs were in working order. It's a good program.
Really good video. Seeing how things work without taking them apart, and just looking what's inside objects or living things is always exciting. Big thumbs up!
Your videos are always the ones I look forward to the most.
I always look forward to these!
It's always great to see you post!
Very interesting, thanks for showing this to us!
Always look forward to watching Ben's videos.
That was a fascinating vid! Thanks for having the idea to do this, it was quite interesting.
This is a very cool video! Thank you for sharing this Ben. I hope that you can get ahold of the super high-speed X-Ray detector.
Looking forward to the what else you come up with!
I never heard about the jumping beans, the whole thing was new to me!
This is one of the very few contents (let alone TH-cam channels) that I instantly hit Like before even watching the video.
Good job and best wishes from Syria ✌🏼
just incredible, as always.
This is so cool, I hadn't seen X-ray video at all before and the high speed is incredible
👍Always love how you describe some of the mundane tech challenges, 32b tiff, image processing, etc.
Extremely cool. I'm so glad you've still got a lab and you're still doing stuff like this.
Wow those are some spirited larvae! I thought it would be cool to open a soda can but realized those were metal so it wouldn't work...then realized they sell in plastic bottles too 😂
Maybe a computer fan would be cool to see the bearings, or an old-fashioned metronome
I'd like to see a disposable lighter as the butane changes to gas at ignition port.
Your videos are so unique and enjoyable to watch - thank you 👌🏻
Excellent video as always can’t wait to the next video
Awesome bit of kit, there!
I've been patiently waiting for this exact video
Awesome video and awesome device! So cool they loaned one to you.
As ever Ben, you just one over everyone else. You work on another level!
Great stuff Ben - you are never short of fascinating surprises :)
Literally the coolest thing I've ever seen on this channel!
hm, he has a delorean
Apparently the technology was developed at PSI in Villigen, Switzerland and was first used in the CMS experiment at CERN. It uses a microarray of reverse-biased photodiodes which I believe are driven into the avalanche regime.
The documentation for this camera warns you not to connect the computer to the Internet...
Dectris MVP! love that they are letting you use this!
Its been a long time, Ben! Nice to see you again!
That’s insane! Keep up the great work!
Healthcare Triage call-out! Nice.
Now try neutron imaging - it's like X-rays in reverse: hydrogen-rich is black, metal is white. Although finding a suitable source _may be a problem_ :D
I guess he'd have to make a fusor.
Neutron imaging. Now that's something I'd like to get my hands on. Well, not literally my hands.
And here I thought David Hahn had passed away in 2016.
And - forget your complexion after that too. (Look what it did to Hahn.)
Always a great video!
I paused as you went along and did the steps myself and that helped a TON.
I love this channel so much.
Very interesting and cool. Thank you!
Once again you show something like no other!
Honestly I get so excited when I see a new upload. You could literally just post any old video talking about anything mildy unique or interesting and we'd be watching it!
Okay now to watch this video lol
I too am very curious about the toy contaminants. Excellent presentation thank you
Awesome! Fantastic content as always, thank you!
And thanks to Dectris for lending that instrument. Here's my request for them to lend you the largest sized one!
You always have the coolest projects.
Love the coffee mug. Also great to see more exciting videos. Always look forward to your videos 😁
Always such interesting content thank you .
I didn't know that about the jumping beans being light sensitive - fascinating!
I've been waiting for another video thank you sir
Jees always amazed about your knowledge ! its sick. really enjoyable !
What a great video !!!
Thanks a lot for sharing this content.
Cool movie, thanks for sharing. Proud to be part of @Dectis
Mr. Science, you're one luckiest guy in world of electronics and physics and you grow your hungry every month and suprised all of us. You are serious innovator of future Mr. Science juniors! You have make effect that never goes away, no matter if you stop everything today, BUT, PLEASE DON'T DO THAT!! Keep going and create ideas that anyone cannot even imagine. It isn't problem for you, and you enjoy everything all this. And get own counter that is in your pocket full day, and write down every day how much you get that dark power.. (:
Thanks man! You're God of technics.
This whole video just blew my mind.
Awesome video. YUM ❗. Thanks for great info to go along with the visuals.
Super cool fun with x-rays. They are not as dangerous as people think - AS LONG AS the x-ray passes through the patient's body. I remember being worried about the overuse of x-rays in dentistry and orthodontics. Turns out I was worrying unnecessarily. In the early days, they wore these heavy, lead infused, aprons. These stopped the rays, but actually risked more damage.
you demonstrate a lot of interesting toys. thanks
This was AWESOME!
Thank you for explaining the jumping beans!
X-Ray video would have been VERY helpful in my Lab-on-a-Chip and MEMs days !!
Thanks for providing one of the Highest IPMs on YT !! (Information per Minute)
This looks like a nice opportunity to play around with some x-ray optics.
I remember reading about the topic and it was quite interesting.
fascinating as always. thank you
yes more please!! that is super cool!
Another cool video, thank you! I would crack my knuckle in the x-ray.
Bloody fascinating! Nice HCT mug too
Your videos always get a thumbs up from me automatically within in the first 2 seconds!
Oh *wow.* I mean I figured you were up to something but this is a whole new level, hahaha. That jumping bean x-ray is ridiculous!
awesome
thanks to Dectris for sending this to Ben, send him more stuff please :)
Super awesome! Let's get the big one!
I was just wondering when a new one would come out, thank you for this
Awesome, as always.
Amazing video again!
Thanks for sharing Ben!
amazing, absolutely amazing.
I wonder if a light bulb filament moves enough when powered up to be interesting?
There used to be novelty versions that had a magnet in the bulb that would cause the filaments to wag back and forth... I'm sure to a degree there's an interaction with the Earth's magnetic field, make it sit there and shake
I did a video of a tungsten filament in slow mo . . . th-cam.com/video/gshsoK4VOHo/w-d-xo.html
That was pretty cool. Be safe! 🙏
Incredible stuff!