Probably my favourite series of videos currently on TH-cam! Perfect mix of archive analysis, storytelling, mathematical rigour, physical intuition and researching madness, moreover shedding light on forgotten scientific heroes of the past. Please continue!
@@jkzero The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
Came to the comments to say the same, this video's balance is soo good! I usually skip past historic sections or cumbersome math, but everything had its place in this beautifully animated & narrated mix
Agreed and to be honest if he posts a 3 hour long video titled “My Newly Painted Wall Drying” it would still be much more interesting than anything else I’d watch on that day.
You're the ultimate science communicator. You don't shy away from math, but you explain it in an engaging and entertaining way, including the personal stories around the formulas. Absolutely fantastic job, thanks for these videos!
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
@@jkzero Thank you! I'm an engineer, and while I learned a fair bit of physics and calculus back in the day, I never went as deep as I would have liked. Now, I enjoy watching videos about physics. Most channels avoid using formulas because people find them scary, but there's only so much they can cover without math. You provide such profound insights into these topics, and you make it so engaging! Even if I don't understand 100% of it, I get way more out of your content than from any other channel I know, maybe with the exception of 3Blue1Brown. Your channel deserves millions of subscribers! Sure, it's a niche, but the magic of TH-cam can make it happen. Looking forward to your future contents :)
@@TWaveform thanks again; I am with you, the stories that can be told without math are quite limited or require ad-hoc analogies that can easily get misleading. I decided to show some math and found that many viewers were interested in stories but also presentations beyond the superficial stories that can be found everywhere. I appreciate the good wishes, I am already very happy with the result, I started this channel just one year ago and my long-shot goal for 2024 was to get to 10k subscriber by December. I am already more that 300% the initial goal so I am more than grateful for the community that I have found here.
@@jkzero that's a well-deserved success. Happy to see that sometimes quality gets noticed by the algorithm. We'll continue commenting and liking to do our part. Wishing you all the best!
This is absolutely brilliant. This will go down in youtube history as one of the most inspiring playlists on quantum physics. Great things are coming soon, sir. DO NOT STOP MAKING THESE VIDEOS
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
@@jkzero Contravariant is dual to covariant -- vectors, functors or a dual basis. Upper indices are dual to lower indices -- tensors are dual. Riemann geometry contains a hidden dual basis! Curvature is therefore dual. Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry. Einstein's theory of General relativity contains a dual basis!
The historical parts with Michelson and Morley, with Bohr conférence at Munich and the two stages publication of the model with Paschen experimental contribution were so GREAT ! Thank you very much for giving us this deep understanding of quantum physics history !
Isn't it great? One of the cool things about science is learning how very smart people were really puzzled and then tried a lot of things, informed by theories that were often part-correct but incomplete, and then they reach a breakthrough that makes them less confused. This video really illustrates that, along with all the complicated maths that I could barely follow.
Amazing content as always. You strike a very good balance between historical context and mathematical development, a very refreshing take on pop-scifi channels, and the videos are very entertaining! Can't wait for GR videos
thanks, I am glad you like the content. I was also tired of superficial stories, it always made me say "c'mon, tell me more, I would have done it differently" so I started this channel
Looks like another gem Dr. Diaz. Still watching the rest of the video but just wanted to say your explanation/breakdown of the meaning of degeneracy was very nice, crystal clear!
@@jkzero Degeneracy is duality! Same energy eigenvalue different eigenstates -- duality! Same is dual to different. Colours are different aspects or frequencies of the same substance namely energy -- colours are dual.
They don't really ever try to explain things in detail on T.V. / videos streaming service, because they have always had a tendency to present things to an audience that is assumed to be incapable of comprehending complicated stuff and so they avoid putting serious educational stuff into physics documentaries on T.V.. Documentaries get repetitive and annoying after a year's of watching, because they always go back to the same basic stuff or weird stuff that gets a lot of attention, but they don't really fully explain things right... The paraphrasing and metaphors they use to describe phenomena is not a good way to explain things. Sometimes they're really dumb and obvious about it...
I wonder if there's any simple justification of why this would work, like maybe some taylor series expansion that's clearly orbit-ish? it's also extremely weird how you can calculate accurately hydrogen's radius using bohr's model and classical orbital physics calculations, why would this work yk
right? Bohr's model already was such a simple idea plus some high-school physics and, even though it is no longer valid, it really explained a lot a atomic phenomena
Probability amplitude is orbiting, according to the probability current formula. It does that in spite of the wave function being a “stationary” state.
@@DrDeuteron Probability amplitudes become probability densities -- The Born rule or rectification. Alternating currents are dual to direct currents -- electric currents. AC is dual to DC -- rectification. The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
I would absolutely love a series on General Relativity! I'm an undergraduate student majoring in Astrophysics and Mathematics and I'm currently taking a Modern Physics class. Watching your videos are extremely helpful to better understand the underlying logic and reasoning behind the theories we discuss in class. I engage even more with the topics and have a new appreciation for the history, people, and stories behind Modern Physics. You are one of the best channels I've come across and I'm extremely grateful for your videos.
Thanks for sharing and for your nice comment, I am grateful for the appreciation. I feel that so much is left out during our studies that it is no surprise that there are also so many unclear concepts and misconceptions. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the original papers by the masters is quite hard, we are used to learning from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it is also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people.
13:31 Emission spectrum are so gorgeous ! I am sure some physicists of the beggining of the last century chose this research subject just because it is beautiful and fascinating to watch.
I cannot agree enough with this, I find that image gorgeous. I remember the first time seeing these spectra with my own eyes and find it so breathtaking.
Yes please to general relativity videos. Also I would love to see Maxwell’s work, as well as the discoveries leading up to it just like you have done for quantum mechanics with your videos up to now. It can be a prequel to your work so far lol. I am watching them in order and loving it so far. I really enjoy this kind of content on TH-cam so I’ve watched a bunch. I think you have the perfect level of math to history ratio. Most videos lean too heavy in one direction or the other. Either super bogged down in calculations where it gets boring, or purely history and you never see anything beyond E=mc^2.
To add to this. I love seeing physical examples of experiments like you have been doing. The 3b1b style animations are great and the old video showing the Frank-Hertz experiment was cool. The paper excerpts are great too. If possible finding an English translation would be welcome. I like to pause and read them for extra context. If my curiosity is greater than just the paragraph or two you show I can look them up on my computer to read a bit.
I am so happy the new dots get connected, I feel that so much is left out during our studies that it is no surprise that there are also so many unclear concepts and misunderstandings. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the old papers by the masters is quite hard, we are use to learn from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people.
Me too. When doing my own BSc (physic) with the pressures of assimilating so much in a very short period of time, the beauty, history and insight to the workings of quantum physics tend to get overlooked/ Thanks for a fantastic video.
@@syzygy21cm I am totally with you. When I was a physics student I learned the solutions to the problems of the time but I remember that the lack of context and details was quite unsatisfactory. Now that I have time, I decided to dig deeper, read parts of the original papers, and I decided to share the details and found that the stories get even more fascinating.
This series of videos is already the most illuminating I’ve seen on the subject and so high in quality, and I simply can’t describe how awesome it would be to have another focusing on relativity.
What a wonderful video, I love every part of it. A new series of relativity next to quantum mechanics would be ground breaking! as PhD on physics I love yours videos !! Thanks for sharing your knowledge!
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
I find great to have physicists as viewers here, thanks for watching. I really have had a blast this year making these videos, from the research part to writing a fun story and then interacting with viewers
Thanks for your kind feedback. One of the reason I started this channel was because I used to complain about these less-known topics being ignored. The famous people get all the credit but they built their work so many unknown theories and experiments that I decided to do something about it.
Sommerfeld is one of the most underrated scientists of all time. I 1st heard of him 4 years ago when I was watching a 4 hour + video on quantum mechanics
I've been waiting for your video on Sommerfeld for a long time! I can't even describe how clear and interesting your explanation about this topic is. There is no other creator like you in this merit.
Excellent presentation of the history of the fine structure constant. I can only imagine the time and effort that this video required. You have my sincere thanks.
Yes!! more students, and people interested in just learning science, would benefit greatly from your methods of teaching them special relativity. You current endeavor of going into the depths of atomic physics and whatever surprises you have for us next is certainly paying off fantastically to all us viewers.
Thanks for you nice feedback, it is quite fulfilling when viewers appreciate the efforts to make novel content instead of just repeat superficial stories. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the original papers by the masters is quite hard, we are use to learn from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people, and sharing them here has been great.
Still amazing that over 100 years ago, brilliant men were conscripted for a war and in their spare time imagined things we take for granted today. Outstanding series!!! Paschen, Balmer, and yours!
This is an amazing video and you make amazing things. Truly one of the greats of physics youtube. I greatly appreciate the immense time and work you must put in to every video. Thank you for doing what you do
As a physicist and your subscriber for quite some time, I sense a “new Sommerfeld” :) Thank you and looking forward to watch your General Relativity series. Cheers!
1. I would certainly be interested in a series on relativity. 2. I've never heard about Sommerfeld's work on the Bohr model before, probably (as you say) because wave/matrix mechanics appeared so soon afterwards, and made it obsolete. This was a very informative video. Thanks. However, I was struck that Dirac derived, using QM, an identical energy formula to Sommerfeld's classical result - this reminds me strongly of the fact that Rutherford derived, using classical mechanics, a formula for the scattering cross section that agrees exactly (ignoring SR effects) with that derived using QM. I've always thought of this as a minor miracle.
@@scollyer.tuition I am not sure yet about the math level; I really don't want to make it as university lectures, I think viewers like the mix of historical context, known and unknown characters, and some not-so-basic math. For sure I would like to cover both SR and GR
After many years in Physics - your video series clarifies very well how quantization differs from QM and how, for example, Einstein could accept the former while rejecting the latter. Only a long, detailed, history can clarify that and so many other important things. Thanks.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
Amazing video. Clear, concise, yet detailed enough to follow the steps. As a student currently studying quantum physics for the first time, this is immensely helpful. Thank you!
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. In case you haven't, make sure to check the currently running series on quantum physics th-cam.com/play/PL_UV-wQj1lvVxch-RPQIUOHX88eeNGzVH.html
Great video, as always! It must have been such a whirlwind, those years... contant revolutions in our understanding of the fundamental workings of matter
You are truly a great teacher! Pais writes that ‘Sommerfeld’s formula is quite correct ..but his derivation is wide off the mark turning it into “the most remarkable numerical coincidence in the history of physics”(Kronig)’. Maybe it is not a coincidence , even if Pais says so!
thank you for you nice comment, I always enjoyed teaching both undergrads and grads, I miss it a lot and that was one of the motivations to start this channel
I will watch any topic with this persistent level of voiceover quality and explanations, as well as storytelling over history. Long as you feel like makin em.
I got to know you through your old blog in spanish (Conexion Casual) about a post on relativity and the twin paradox (10 years ago). I went back and forth reading you blog and other resources, and that's when special relativity finally clicked in my head. So of course I would love if you get into that topic
thanks for sharing, wow, I haven't touch that blog in years, it was a fun ride but people moved from reading to watching and I had to adapt. Thanks for joining me on this ride for so many years.
So curious to see all the history behind physics, I didn't know about Sommerfield model and I love how he had to use complex analysis. Btw, I'd be excited to watch a video on both Special and General Relativity !
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
Once again, amazing video! I was always somebody who was not interested in the historical bits in my physics courses, and thought they were boring and didn't add much. You are single-handedly changing that opinion!
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
This was so interesting and beautiful to watch. I stay away from the interpretation of the alpha value most probably because I don't understand it well, but I love how you presented it. Also, I would love to watch a follow-up video on hyperfine splitting, the Thomas Fermi model, and the Raman splitting. And yes! a video on GR.
Your explanations are exceptionally clear and quite entertaining! Keep up the great work. Thank you so much! I’m also looking forward to your lectures on special and general theory of relativity.
I have been waiting for a good presentation of Sommerfeld's model for almost 10 years, thank you so much for making this video (and the series in general), and going in exquisite details of both the science and the history! Keep up the level of this amazing work! About a possible future series on the history of special relativity: last year I studied it in detail for a few months, and the crucial point to understand it is the history of the eather and electromagnetism. In particular Einstein himself said that the two most important results that lead him to relativity were stellar aberrations and the Fizeau experiment from 1851 (he didn't remember if he knew about the Michelson-Morley experiment at the time he made special relativity).
This video series is one of the best on TH-cam. I wish my profs at Uni would give these build ups instead of these fait accompli where here’s the cake, don’t ask about the ingredients!
thanks for your nice comment; love the "here’s the cake, don’t ask about the ingredients" analogy, that somehow describes my quantum mechanics class and I really disliked it. I feel that so much is left out during our studies that it is no surprise that there are also so many unclear concepts and misunderstandings. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the old papers by the masters is quite hard, we are use to learn from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people.
@@jkzero I love how you highlight how low key some of these explosive statements at the cutting edge could be, and how some scientists wouldn’t buy ‘wacky new theories’ until more evidence showed up.
Sir ,I really appreciate your work on this channel Cause I’ve never seen a channel to describe physics really good even with direct math and formulas Please keep it up
While I was aware of the physics described by the more detailed atomic model, I had not encountered information about Sommerfeld or his involvement in developing the model. The collaborative quality of physics and the reality of the communal process that advances science is, IMO, very important for students to understand. I greatly value having a more complete understanding of the historic development of modern physics. Thank you for this excellent video!
I feel that so much is left out during our studies that it is no surprise that there are also so many unclear concepts and misunderstandings. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the original papers by the masters is quite hard, we are use to learn from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people.
Oh my, this has been such a wonderful journey. At various points during the video I caught myself smiling like a child! Such an inspiring episode in the history of Physics, it really motivates me to strive further!
Id love a series on general relativity, I personally havent found much on GR looking thru yt and it kinda sucks, your videos are awesome and im very confident its be a nice series :]
Thank you Professor. So nice to learn where this all came from and how it involved to today. You do a nice job exposing where the equations come from. As an Engineering Science major we must fully understand the limitations of all equations. Please keep making videos Professor. I’ve learned so much.
Great video, I didn't knew much about Sommerfeld but his contribution to physics is undeniable. And he did all of this with pen and paper, this shows the power of theoretical physics. Btw videos on SR and GR would be a great idea !
I am glad you liked it. I think many people know little about Sommerfeld and I am trying to change that. He makes an important come back in my follow-up video th-cam.com/video/BDAzFIJu9_E/w-d-xo.html
Favorite video yet. I was struggling to find a good treatment on the relativistic Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization after being surprised to find out it gave the same answer as the Dirac equation. Hoping to get a matrix mechanics video.
5:14 "what matrices have to do with energy of the orbiting electron?" I'd love an indepth video on that........and I vote for future videos on Relativity
Heisenberg's matrix mechanics is a very nontrivial and highly mathematical topic, I have been writing a script about it for months. I will get there soon. And another vote for a future relativity series, thanks.
Another vote for a future relativity series, thanks. Selection rules, maybe. I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
A fun note on the fine structure constant's numerology: I always thought it was strange that we know the inverse of α is so close to an integer. Obviously, someone defined α, got a value of around 0.0073, but then who would think "I'll manipulate it until I get a nice memorable value"*. One day I was reading on atomic units, and I'm pretty sure I found my answer, though I don't know who found it. In atomic units you define hbar, e, me, and 4πε0 as your basis, and every other measurement is written in terms of these 4. As luck would have it, the speed of light takes the form c = 1/α a.u. ≈ 137 a.u.! (more precisely 137.02, which is still impressive). This gives a clear motivation for someone to compute 1/α and realize they got an almost integer. I am doing a lot of guessing based on what I think physicist would or would not try, so obviously I could be wrong, but without further research, my guess would be - someone wanted to drive c in atomic units, realized they got an integer, realized it means α is 1/137, and it spread from there * I think the original derivation of Snell's law (done by Ibn Sahl) was done by taking measurements and throwing math at the wall until something clicked, but I think nobody would bother doing stuff like this in the 20th century.
A general relativity video series would be interesting but I am loving this deep dive into the history and ideas behind quantum mechanics. It's a perfect mixture of history, concepts and math.
Once again a great video mixing History & Science. Of course I would love to discover videos about special and general relativity. Greatings from France !
Relativity would be cool. Also: I'd love a deep dive on Unified Field Theory. It really seemed like Einstein was trying to unify gravity and electromagnetism
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is dual! Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature. Space is dual to time -- Einstein. Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity. Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein. All numbers fall within the complex plane. Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual. All numbers are dual. Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information. Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual. If mathematics is a language then it is dual. "Always two there are" -- Yoda. The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks. I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
By the time I hit university, several things were no one taught me them: 1. It was obvious that the continents clearly fit together like a puzzle. I knew that when I was 8. 2. The universe is juat fractal (an atom is just a galaxy, but we are looking at them from opposite standpoints). 3. Neuronal networks of the brain look just like a models of the universe. 4. The resting state of a neuronal network within the brain is in a quantum state -- its not on (firing) or off, but its fluctuating somewhere in between. Only once it reaches a threshold does the network actually fire "on" and produce a definite perception. 5. The brain is a quantum computer because it is able to entertain near infinite possibilities. We can project in to the future or back into the past. We can consider what is not that case, what could be, or what was. 5. Radical free will and therefore miracles are compatible with modern science and philosophy. This free will lies in a submission or a surrender. What you surrender is the need to control. When you submit to the infinite power and flow of the environment, we can begin to steer ourselves and use the power of the to determine our fate. Radical or quantum free will means freedom comes when you give up the fight for control over your environment and instead become a true sailor.
As you say at the end of your excellent video, physicists stopped worrying about trying to understand the underlying (perhaps always unobservable) properties of the electron, and this decision seems to have resulted in a complete lack of progress ever since to better understand the underlying physical basis of the fine structure constant (without resorting to numerology).
I fully agree, physics had always been about understanding the underlying rules of physical phenomena, with modern quantum mechanics this was turned into a cookbook for calculating outcomes of experiments. This is why in the video I refer to this approach as a "radical idea"
@jkzero the fine structure constant has to arise as the ratio of two dimensionally equivalent measures. So far the ratios of two velocities, or two momenta, has been tried. I am exploring the possibility of it being the ratio of two lengths, but this idea is conceptually as well as mathematically very difficult to pursue. The lengths have to change scale while the ratio of the two maintains a constant value, eg (r/d=alpha^2/2). r and d being the defining radii of a toroid current ring for example. It has to change size, depending on the mass of the nucleus and distance from the nucleus somehow, if the observable quantum emissions are excitations of the current ring itself, the wave length being 2 pi d (d being the larger radius of the two, defining the dimensions of the toroid or donut). This sort of thing was tried in the late 1920's but they got nowhere for understandable reasons.
Probably my favourite series of videos currently on TH-cam! Perfect mix of archive analysis, storytelling, mathematical rigour, physical intuition and researching madness, moreover shedding light on forgotten scientific heroes of the past. Please continue!
thanks, I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
@@jkzero The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
Came to the comments to say the same, this video's balance is soo good! I usually skip past historic sections or cumbersome math, but everything had its place in this beautifully animated & narrated mix
@@blacklistnr1 thanks for taking the time to leave such a positive comment, I am glad you like the content and the style
Definetely interested by a video series on relativity!
Agreed and to be honest if he posts a 3 hour long video titled “My Newly Painted Wall Drying” it would still be much more interesting than anything else I’d watch on that day.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Such a finely structured video!
lol
You're the ultimate science communicator. You don't shy away from math, but you explain it in an engaging and entertaining way, including the personal stories around the formulas. Absolutely fantastic job, thanks for these videos!
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
thanks, I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
@@jkzero Thank you! I'm an engineer, and while I learned a fair bit of physics and calculus back in the day, I never went as deep as I would have liked. Now, I enjoy watching videos about physics. Most channels avoid using formulas because people find them scary, but there's only so much they can cover without math.
You provide such profound insights into these topics, and you make it so engaging! Even if I don't understand 100% of it, I get way more out of your content than from any other channel I know, maybe with the exception of 3Blue1Brown.
Your channel deserves millions of subscribers! Sure, it's a niche, but the magic of TH-cam can make it happen. Looking forward to your future contents :)
@@TWaveform thanks again; I am with you, the stories that can be told without math are quite limited or require ad-hoc analogies that can easily get misleading. I decided to show some math and found that many viewers were interested in stories but also presentations beyond the superficial stories that can be found everywhere. I appreciate the good wishes, I am already very happy with the result, I started this channel just one year ago and my long-shot goal for 2024 was to get to 10k subscriber by December. I am already more that 300% the initial goal so I am more than grateful for the community that I have found here.
@@jkzero that's a well-deserved success. Happy to see that sometimes quality gets noticed by the algorithm. We'll continue commenting and liking to do our part. Wishing you all the best!
This is absolutely brilliant. This will go down in youtube history as one of the most inspiring playlists on quantum physics. Great things are coming soon, sir. DO NOT STOP MAKING THESE VIDEOS
Wow, thanks! I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
We are waiting for the one on matrix mechanics, schrodinger equation, feymann diagrams and even the Higgs particle.
Please dont stop
coming soon
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
Dr. Diaz, I vote for a video series on Special and General Relativity.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
@@jkzero Don't omit Maric and Grossman's contributions!
@@jkzero Contravariant is dual to covariant -- vectors, functors or a dual basis.
Upper indices are dual to lower indices -- tensors are dual.
Riemann geometry contains a hidden dual basis!
Curvature is therefore dual.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Einstein's theory of General relativity contains a dual basis!
The historical parts with Michelson and Morley, with Bohr conférence at Munich and the two stages publication of the model with Paschen experimental contribution were so GREAT ! Thank you very much for giving us this deep understanding of quantum physics history !
Isn't it great? One of the cool things about science is learning how very smart people were really puzzled and then tried a lot of things, informed by theories that were often part-correct but incomplete, and then they reach a breakthrough that makes them less confused. This video really illustrates that, along with all the complicated maths that I could barely follow.
Amazing content as always. You strike a very good balance between historical context and mathematical development, a very refreshing take on pop-scifi channels, and the videos are very entertaining! Can't wait for GR videos
thanks, I am glad you like the content. I was also tired of superficial stories, it always made me say "c'mon, tell me more, I would have done it differently" so I started this channel
Looks like another gem Dr. Diaz. Still watching the rest of the video but just wanted to say your explanation/breakdown of the meaning of degeneracy was very nice, crystal clear!
thanks for the positive feedback
@@jkzero Degeneracy is duality!
Same energy eigenvalue different eigenstates -- duality!
Same is dual to different.
Colours are different aspects or frequencies of the same substance namely energy -- colours are dual.
This should be on Netflix
I really appreciate that, obrigado
They don't really ever try to explain things in detail on T.V. / videos streaming service, because they have always had a tendency to present things to an audience that is assumed to be incapable of comprehending complicated stuff and so they avoid putting serious educational stuff into physics documentaries on T.V.. Documentaries get repetitive and annoying after a year's of watching, because they always go back to the same basic stuff or weird stuff that gets a lot of attention, but they don't really fully explain things right... The paraphrasing and metaphors they use to describe phenomena is not a good way to explain things. Sometimes they're really dumb and obvious about it...
@@jkzero how do you know I am portuguese speaker? Haha
@@alvarolouzi I simply checked your profile and saw the titles of your videos in Portuguese
Strikes me as so bizarre that these "let's just force classical orbits to be quantized" arguments work so well. There's nothing actually orbiting!
I wonder if there's any simple justification of why this would work, like maybe some taylor series expansion that's clearly orbit-ish?
it's also extremely weird how you can calculate accurately hydrogen's radius using bohr's model and classical orbital physics calculations, why would this work yk
right? Bohr's model already was such a simple idea plus some high-school physics and, even though it is no longer valid, it really explained a lot a atomic phenomena
Probability amplitude is orbiting, according to the probability current formula. It does that in spite of the wave function being a “stationary” state.
@@DrDeuteron Probability amplitudes become probability densities -- The Born rule or rectification.
Alternating currents are dual to direct currents -- electric currents.
AC is dual to DC -- rectification.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
So his work on degeneracy was itself degenerate? This is really the most fascinating aspect of this story.
I would really like a series in relativity
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
I would absolutely love a series on General Relativity! I'm an undergraduate student majoring in Astrophysics and Mathematics and I'm currently taking a Modern Physics class. Watching your videos are extremely helpful to better understand the underlying logic and reasoning behind the theories we discuss in class. I engage even more with the topics and have a new appreciation for the history, people, and stories behind Modern Physics. You are one of the best channels I've come across and I'm extremely grateful for your videos.
Thanks for sharing and for your nice comment, I am grateful for the appreciation. I feel that so much is left out during our studies that it is no surprise that there are also so many unclear concepts and misconceptions. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the original papers by the masters is quite hard, we are used to learning from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it is also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people.
Great video! As someone who has only very basic knowledge of calculus, I'm still able to follow. I would love to see a series on relativity.
I am glad the sprinkle of math doesn't deter viewers from watching, it is great to find an audience that doesn't shy away from some math
13:31 Emission spectrum are so gorgeous ! I am sure some physicists of the beggining of the last century chose this research subject just because it is beautiful and fascinating to watch.
I cannot agree enough with this, I find that image gorgeous. I remember the first time seeing these spectra with my own eyes and find it so breathtaking.
Yes please to general relativity videos.
Also I would love to see Maxwell’s work, as well as the discoveries leading up to it just like you have done for quantum mechanics with your videos up to now. It can be a prequel to your work so far lol.
I am watching them in order and loving it so far. I really enjoy this kind of content on TH-cam so I’ve watched a bunch. I think you have the perfect level of math to history ratio. Most videos lean too heavy in one direction or the other. Either super bogged down in calculations where it gets boring, or purely history and you never see anything beyond E=mc^2.
To add to this.
I love seeing physical examples of experiments like you have been doing. The 3b1b style animations are great and the old video showing the Frank-Hertz experiment was cool.
The paper excerpts are great too. If possible finding an English translation would be welcome. I like to pause and read them for extra context. If my curiosity is greater than just the paragraph or two you show I can look them up on my computer to read a bit.
This was an incredible video and filled in a vast gap in my undergraduate physics education. It connects so many dots for me. Thank you very much!
I am so happy the new dots get connected, I feel that so much is left out during our studies that it is no surprise that there are also so many unclear concepts and misunderstandings. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the old papers by the masters is quite hard, we are use to learn from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people.
Me too. When doing my own BSc (physic) with the pressures of assimilating so much in a very short period of time, the beauty, history and insight to the workings of quantum physics tend to get overlooked/ Thanks for a fantastic video.
@@syzygy21cm I am totally with you. When I was a physics student I learned the solutions to the problems of the time but I remember that the lack of context and details was quite unsatisfactory. Now that I have time, I decided to dig deeper, read parts of the original papers, and I decided to share the details and found that the stories get even more fascinating.
This series of videos is already the most illuminating I’ve seen on the subject and so high in quality, and I simply can’t describe how awesome it would be to have another focusing on relativity.
thanks, I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it. Another vote for relativity series.
What a wonderful video, I love every part of it. A new series of relativity next to quantum mechanics would be ground breaking! as PhD on physics I love yours videos !! Thanks for sharing your knowledge!
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
it is lovely to have physics students as viewers too
As a physicist I say: bravo, very enjoyable, and as usual, obviously done with a lot of love. Will heartily recommend!
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
I find great to have physicists as viewers here, thanks for watching. I really have had a blast this year making these videos, from the research part to writing a fun story and then interacting with viewers
Excellent work. Very clearly explained. Original content not repeated elsewhere. Thank you!
Thanks for your kind feedback. One of the reason I started this channel was because I used to complain about these less-known topics being ignored. The famous people get all the credit but they built their work so many unknown theories and experiments that I decided to do something about it.
The best video about fine structure constant. And about Sommerfeld. ❤
Wow, thank you! I am glad you liked it.
Sommerfeld is one of the most underrated scientists of all time. I 1st heard of him 4 years ago when I was watching a 4 hour + video on quantum mechanics
totally agree, he was just great
I've been waiting for your video on Sommerfeld for a long time! I can't even describe how clear and interesting your explanation about this topic is. There is no other creator like you in this merit.
Wow, thank you!
Excellent presentation of the history of the fine structure constant.
I can only imagine the time and effort that this video required. You have my sincere thanks.
thanks, I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
Sir, NO ONE produces historical documentaries about physics topics as comprehensive and clear as this. Bravo!
Wow, thank you! I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
Yes!! more students, and people interested in just learning science, would benefit greatly from your methods of teaching them special relativity. You current endeavor of going into the depths of atomic physics and whatever surprises you have for us next is certainly paying off fantastically to all us viewers.
Thanks for you nice feedback, it is quite fulfilling when viewers appreciate the efforts to make novel content instead of just repeat superficial stories. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the original papers by the masters is quite hard, we are use to learn from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people, and sharing them here has been great.
I am up for a series on relativity! Thank for your excellent work here.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Still amazing that over 100 years ago, brilliant men were conscripted for a war and in their spare time imagined things we take for granted today.
Outstanding series!!! Paschen, Balmer, and yours!
I loved the reference to the video series next to some of the two greatprotagonists of this story, well done
Dr, your videos are a service to masses. And thanks for organizing them with playlists 🙏🏼
sidenote, meant a service because you make presentations in ways that let us mentally ungifted consolidate a lot more our grasp on quantic stuff 🙏🏼
thanks, I am glad you like the content
This is an amazing video and you make amazing things. Truly one of the greats of physics youtube. I greatly appreciate the immense time and work you must put in to every video. Thank you for doing what you do
thanks, I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
I love this series. Your approach to the history of physics is fantastic. Thanks for sharing.
thanks, I am glad you like the approach and style
As a physicist and your subscriber for quite some time, I sense a “new Sommerfeld” :) Thank you and looking forward to watch your General Relativity series. Cheers!
Did i just hear "dark mathamagics"
Nice!
Greatly informative videos yet again, btw!
yup, I said mathe-magics
1. I would certainly be interested in a series on relativity.
2. I've never heard about Sommerfeld's work on the Bohr model before, probably (as you say) because wave/matrix mechanics appeared so soon afterwards, and made it obsolete. This was a very informative video. Thanks.
However, I was struck that Dirac derived, using QM, an identical energy formula to Sommerfeld's classical result - this reminds me strongly of the fact that Rutherford derived, using classical mechanics, a formula for the scattering cross section that agrees exactly (ignoring SR effects) with that derived using QM. I've always thought of this as a minor miracle.
Another vote for a future relativity series, thanks. I am glad to bring some of the less-known names to general audiences
@@jkzero Do you have any ideas yet about what you would cover in a relativity series? SR only or GR? And at what level of mathematical sophistication?
@@scollyer.tuition I am not sure yet about the math level; I really don't want to make it as university lectures, I think viewers like the mix of historical context, known and unknown characters, and some not-so-basic math. For sure I would like to cover both SR and GR
After many years in Physics - your video series clarifies very well how quantization differs from QM and how, for example, Einstein could accept the former while rejecting the latter.
Only a long, detailed, history can clarify that and so many other important things.
Thanks.
glad to learn that the video clarified old questions
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
Thank you! Great video!
Amazing video. Clear, concise, yet detailed enough to follow the steps. As a student currently studying quantum physics for the first time, this is immensely helpful. Thank you!
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. In case you haven't, make sure to check the currently running series on quantum physics th-cam.com/play/PL_UV-wQj1lvVxch-RPQIUOHX88eeNGzVH.html
Great video, as always! It must have been such a whirlwind, those years... contant revolutions in our understanding of the fundamental workings of matter
You are truly a great teacher! Pais writes that ‘Sommerfeld’s formula is quite correct ..but his derivation is wide off the mark turning it into “the most remarkable numerical coincidence in the history of physics”(Kronig)’. Maybe it is not a coincidence , even if Pais says so!
thank you for you nice comment, I always enjoyed teaching both undergrads and grads, I miss it a lot and that was one of the motivations to start this channel
I will watch any topic with this persistent level of voiceover quality and explanations, as well as storytelling over history. Long as you feel like makin em.
Wow, thank you! I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
I got to know you through your old blog in spanish (Conexion Casual) about a post on relativity and the twin paradox (10 years ago). I went back and forth reading you blog and other resources, and that's when special relativity finally clicked in my head.
So of course I would love if you get into that topic
thanks for sharing, wow, I haven't touch that blog in years, it was a fun ride but people moved from reading to watching and I had to adapt. Thanks for joining me on this ride for so many years.
@@jkzero the pleasure is mine 🙇
Your videos are becoming the new standard in the clarity of explaining physics. My congratulations.
Anthony
Wow, thanks! I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
Thanks!
Thanks so much for your generous support.
I would absolutely love a series on relativity. Please do it!
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Brilliantly presented, thank you! Very well done.
And yes, I would be very interested in a series about Relativity. You have my vote!
Thank you again!
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
These videos are always the best moment of my day, thank you for making them !
thank you for that, I really value the appreciation
So curious to see all the history behind physics, I didn't know about Sommerfield model and I love how he had to use complex analysis. Btw, I'd be excited to watch a video on both Special and General Relativity !
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
Once again, amazing video! I was always somebody who was not interested in the historical bits in my physics courses, and thought they were boring and didn't add much. You are single-handedly changing that opinion!
thanks for sharing, it is always refreshing when someone changes their mind about something in light of new evidence, that's true Bayesian thinking.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
This was so interesting and beautiful to watch. I stay away from the interpretation of the alpha value most probably because I don't understand it well, but I love how you presented it.
Also, I would love to watch a follow-up video on hyperfine splitting, the Thomas Fermi model, and the Raman splitting.
And yes! a video on GR.
I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
Your explanations are exceptionally clear and quite entertaining! Keep up the great work. Thank you so much! I’m also looking forward to your lectures on special and general theory of relativity.
thanks, I am glad you like the content.
I have been waiting for a good presentation of Sommerfeld's model for almost 10 years, thank you so much for making this video (and the series in general), and going in exquisite details of both the science and the history!
Keep up the level of this amazing work!
About a possible future series on the history of special relativity: last year I studied it in detail for a few months, and the crucial point to understand it is the history of the eather and electromagnetism. In particular Einstein himself said that the two most important results that lead him to relativity were stellar aberrations and the Fizeau experiment from 1851 (he didn't remember if he knew about the Michelson-Morley experiment at the time he made special relativity).
Thanks, I am glad you liked the video. I will try to include as many important points as possible in the future relativity series, thanks.
❤❤
Your continuous support is much appreciated
This video series is one of the best on TH-cam. I wish my profs at Uni would give these build ups instead of these fait accompli where here’s the cake, don’t ask about the ingredients!
thanks for your nice comment; love the "here’s the cake, don’t ask about the ingredients" analogy, that somehow describes my quantum mechanics class and I really disliked it. I feel that so much is left out during our studies that it is no surprise that there are also so many unclear concepts and misunderstandings. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the old papers by the masters is quite hard, we are use to learn from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people.
@@jkzero I love how you highlight how low key some of these explosive statements at the cutting edge could be, and how some scientists wouldn’t buy ‘wacky new theories’ until more evidence showed up.
Sir ,I really appreciate your work on this channel
Cause I’ve never seen a channel to describe physics really good even with direct math and formulas
Please keep it up
thanks for your kind comment, I really appreciate that people like the content. I love teaching and makings these videos has been a lot of fun
While I was aware of the physics described by the more detailed atomic model, I had not encountered information about Sommerfeld or his involvement in developing the model. The collaborative quality of physics and the reality of the communal process that advances science is, IMO, very important for students to understand. I greatly value having a more complete understanding of the historic development of modern physics. Thank you for this excellent video!
I feel that so much is left out during our studies that it is no surprise that there are also so many unclear concepts and misunderstandings. Making these videos has also been a journey of discovery for me, reading the original papers by the masters is quite hard, we are use to learn from textbooks that condense decades of knowledge. In the old papers everything is all over the place and hard to follow but it also quite refreshing to follow the reasoning of these people.
Outstanding paper!
The best presentation related to the fine structure I have seen...
Thanks, I am glad you liked it
Oh my, this has been such a wonderful journey. At various points during the video I caught myself smiling like a child! Such an inspiring episode in the history of Physics, it really motivates me to strive further!
Thanks, I am glad you like the content.
Mind blowing work! Congratulations
thanks, glad you liked it
Id love a series on general relativity, I personally havent found much on GR looking thru yt and it kinda sucks, your videos are awesome and im very confident its be a nice series :]
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Great video as always!
I am for sure interested in a video series on special relativity! Your videos are amazing! Thank you for all your hard work.
I am glad that you like the content of the channel, I appreciate your comment. And another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Man, that was a cliffhanger at the end lol. Oh well, I guess that just means I have something to look forward to :)
Thank you Professor. So nice to learn where this all came from and how it involved to today. You do a nice job exposing where the equations come from. As an Engineering Science major we must fully understand the limitations of all equations. Please keep making videos Professor. I’ve learned so much.
thanks for your kind words, it is very fulfilling knowing that viewers appreciate the effort in making this content
thanks, I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
Great video! this series really clears up a lot of misconceptions and introduces facts. I am all for a relativity series!
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Great video, I didn't knew much about Sommerfeld but his contribution to physics is undeniable. And he did all of this with pen and paper, this shows the power of theoretical physics. Btw videos on SR and GR would be a great idea !
I am glad you liked it. I think many people know little about Sommerfeld and I am trying to change that. He makes an important come back in my follow-up video th-cam.com/video/BDAzFIJu9_E/w-d-xo.html
Excellent video! Thank you! And yes, please do further videos about general relativity.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
way out of my depth here but what i could grasp was fascinating. very well put together video, cheers!
Glad you enjoyed it and that the math parts don't deter viewers
I am very interested in a video series on relativity.
Also, this is an excellent video on quantum mechanics.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Excellent work, Thank you! I enjoy learning about these people and and how they developed and tested these ideas. True science.
thanks, I am so delighted that viewers enjoy the content as much as I enjoy making it
Your videos will echo in eternity and will be a pilgrimage of knowlegde.
wow, thank you so much for the vote of confidence. I hope not to disappoint future generations
A video on relativity? I would like yo watch that.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Favorite video yet. I was struggling to find a good treatment on the relativistic Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization after being surprised to find out it gave the same answer as the Dirac equation. Hoping to get a matrix mechanics video.
perfect timing
One of my favorites from your channel
Glad you enjoy it!
I really enjoyed this! Please pursue your series on Relativity.
Thank you! Will do!
Definitely do a series on Relativity.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
I've watched this video several times now and I think it's a masterpiece. Where oh where is the sequel with Mr. Werner.
Thanks so much, I am glad you liked the video and I appreciate the nice comment. Heisenberg is definitely coming soon.
Wow! This blows my mind. Bohr, Einstein, Sommerfeld, and Dirac. What a time to be a physicist.
as a kid I fell in love with the physics of those years
5:14 "what matrices have to do with energy of the orbiting electron?" I'd love an indepth video on that........and I vote for future videos on Relativity
Heisenberg's matrix mechanics is a very nontrivial and highly mathematical topic, I have been writing a script about it for months. I will get there soon. And another vote for a future relativity series, thanks.
1. Absolutely please series on relativity
2. Do I accurately foresee a video on selection rules?? 😃
Another vote for a future relativity series, thanks. Selection rules, maybe. I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
Huge anticipation of the relativity topic! Good luck with that!
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
thanks, it will take a while but the feedback from most viewers is quite clear
Thanks for all these fascinating videos - another vote for a series on relativity!
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Would definitely be of great interest if you start the relativity series.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
A fun note on the fine structure constant's numerology: I always thought it was strange that we know the inverse of α is so close to an integer.
Obviously, someone defined α, got a value of around 0.0073, but then who would think "I'll manipulate it until I get a nice memorable value"*.
One day I was reading on atomic units, and I'm pretty sure I found my answer, though I don't know who found it.
In atomic units you define hbar, e, me, and 4πε0 as your basis, and every other measurement is written in terms of these 4.
As luck would have it, the speed of light takes the form c = 1/α a.u. ≈ 137 a.u.! (more precisely 137.02, which is still impressive).
This gives a clear motivation for someone to compute 1/α and realize they got an almost integer.
I am doing a lot of guessing based on what I think physicist would or would not try, so obviously I could be wrong, but without further research, my guess would be - someone wanted to drive c in atomic units, realized they got an integer, realized it means α is 1/137, and it spread from there
* I think the original derivation of Snell's law (done by Ibn Sahl) was done by taking measurements and throwing math at the wall until something clicked, but I think nobody would bother doing stuff like this in the 20th century.
A general relativity video series would be interesting but I am loving this deep dive into the history and ideas behind quantum mechanics. It's a perfect mixture of history, concepts and math.
no worries, the idea is just for a future series not now
Incredible video, keep going!
thanks, glad you liked it
+1 for a General Relativity video.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Amazing videos Mr. Diaz - well done!
Glad you like them!
Yes, to a relativity series. Lots of great content there.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Relativity?
Yes, of course, Please!
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Thank you for such amazing videos!
Glad you like them!
Yes! Please do SR/GR - thank you
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Once again a great video mixing History & Science. Of course I would love to discover videos about special and general relativity. Greatings from France !
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Yes, please make a video series on special and general relativity. We would appreciate it.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
Relativity would be cool. Also: I'd love a deep dive on Unified Field Theory. It really seemed like Einstein was trying to unify gravity and electromagnetism
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg representation -- quantum mechanics.
Quantum mechanics is dual!
Positive is dual to negative -- electric charge, numbers or curvature.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
Time dilation is dual to length contraction -- Einstein, special relativity.
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
All numbers fall within the complex plane.
Real is dual to imaginary -- complex numbers are dual.
All numbers are dual.
Syntax is dual to semantics -- languages, communication or information.
Objective information (syntax) is dual to subjective information (semantics) -- information is dual.
If mathematics is a language then it is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
The master is dual to the apprentice -- Bohr, Sommerfeld or the rule of two, Darth Bane, Sith Lord.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks. I cannot guarantee to be able to fulfill all the requests but I always open to collecting suggestions, thanks.
An absolutely outstanding lesson.
thanks, glad you liked it
Hard YES to general relativity series.
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
another vote for a future relativity series, thanks
By the time I hit university, several things were no one taught me them:
1. It was obvious that the continents clearly fit together like a puzzle. I knew that when I was 8.
2. The universe is juat fractal (an atom is just a galaxy, but we are looking at them from opposite standpoints).
3. Neuronal networks of the brain look just like a models of the universe.
4. The resting state of a neuronal network within the brain is in a quantum state -- its not on (firing) or off, but its fluctuating somewhere in between. Only once it reaches a threshold does the network actually fire "on" and produce a definite perception.
5. The brain is a quantum computer because it is able to entertain near infinite possibilities. We can project in to the future or back into the past. We can consider what is not that case, what could be, or what was.
5. Radical free will and therefore miracles are compatible with modern science and philosophy. This free will lies in a submission or a surrender. What you surrender is the need to control. When you submit to the infinite power and flow of the environment, we can begin to steer ourselves and use the power of the to determine our fate. Radical or quantum free will means freedom comes when you give up the fight for control over your environment and instead become a true sailor.
As you say at the end of your excellent video, physicists stopped worrying about trying to understand the underlying (perhaps always unobservable) properties of the electron, and this decision seems to have resulted in a complete lack of progress ever since to better understand the underlying physical basis of the fine structure constant (without resorting to numerology).
I fully agree, physics had always been about understanding the underlying rules of physical phenomena, with modern quantum mechanics this was turned into a cookbook for calculating outcomes of experiments. This is why in the video I refer to this approach as a "radical idea"
@jkzero the fine structure constant has to arise as the ratio of two dimensionally equivalent measures. So far the ratios of two velocities, or two momenta, has been tried. I am exploring the possibility of it being the ratio of two lengths, but this idea is conceptually as well as mathematically very difficult to pursue. The lengths have to change scale while the ratio of the two maintains a constant value, eg (r/d=alpha^2/2). r and d being the defining radii of a toroid current ring for example. It has to change size, depending on the mass of the nucleus and distance from the nucleus somehow, if the observable quantum emissions are excitations of the current ring itself, the wave length being 2 pi d (d being the larger radius of the two, defining the dimensions of the toroid or donut). This sort of thing was tried in the late 1920's but they got nowhere for understandable reasons.