Planck's approach to Blackbody Radiation was to analyze the entropy as a function of energy. To make both high-frequency and low-frequency data consistent with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, he included an additional "guess" term proportional to the frequency (hf); this results in Planck's Law. Planck's subsequent application of Boltzmann's Statistical Mechanics to justify his guess then led to his revolutionary conclusion that the material of the walls emit and absorb radiation in discrete quanta. A paper titled "Planck’s Route to the Black Body Radiation Formula and Quantization" by Michael Fowler (7/25/2008) gives a nice discussion. "Theoretical Concepts in Physics: An Alternative View of Theoretical Reasoning in Physics" (1984) by Malcolm S. Longair contains more details. One can only speculate on the development of Physics if both Maxwell and Boltzmann had lived longer.
Now we are waiting for the next Boltzman, but with a happier ending! Lifting general relativity and quantum mechanics in to a more universal perspective.
Kirchhoff and Planck considered black body as a concept. He didn't notice that black bodies are real. Kirchhoff's law of radiation is only valid for perfectly absorbing walls. It was noticed instantly and Planck's cavities were covered with sooth, i.e. carbon to make the radiation black. He never explained what natural phenomenon causes this behavior. He never explained how carbon emits thermal photons. The whole quantum mechanism is disconnected form natural world to this very day. Not every cavity produces thermal emission. Perfect reflector walls don't, so we can have today resonating cavities in telecommunication, lasers and MRI.
I'm beginning to suspect that "entropy" is a notional abstract monopoly that is sprawling over and controlling too many diverse disciplines, not to mention youTube videos, and that should be broken up into independent corporations by the IPRB* _____ *International Physical Regulatory Body
Einstein did not accept quantum mechanics: "God does not play dice." He did win a Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect which said that light sometimes acts as a particle.
@@pshehan1 Einstein did not accept it as a complete theory. However he contributed to quantum theory with his A & B emission and absorption probabilities, without which lasers would not have been developed and we would not be communicating this way
@ Einstein had his limitations, just like everyone else. However, he had to accept the statistical properties of light in explaining the photoelectric effect, though they were not then recognized to be such.
@@Filip-ci3ng the internet contains many kinds of dangers carelessly posted to draw attention…. I’ve seen flashing lights of the kind that are known to trigger grand or petit mal seizures posted in game ads. People are so careless when they want to make money or draw attention
That is a really awful effect, and triggers a danger instinct in my brain, like trouble is about to happen. I imagine it might trigger worse in people with epilepsy. One other TH-camr employs a similar effect: "KnowingBetter." I figure it's a millennial's way to try to appear "cool" but it's just bad.
17:45 Here, Planck goes on to essentially describe Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology hypothesis (CCC). Through entropy, the universe is on a march toward maximal entropy. Essentially, long from now one single remaining interaction will be all that's left before the universe ticks over to a constant state that would (in theory) last forever. But then again, consider that at finally arriving at maximal entropy (upon the carrying out of that last disquinquishable microstate) a new "thing" will have ushered forth: a cosmological coin, if you will. Max entropy on one side. But upon flipping it over, you see with the change in perspective that the obverse is in fact 'highly ordered' (at scale). And when a highly ordered state comes about, all the energy of that system will be massively unstable...hanging on a knife's edge...awaiting a perturbation from something quantum (maybe an inflaton). Inevitably though, a new (scale-adjusted) big bang will usher forth. So postulates Roger.
It's not true that entropy is always increasing, just that any decreasing is extremely improbable. This point needs to be made much more clear when we teach physics.
@@jasonbrown3925 locally and globally it increases. When you drop a glass on the floor and it shatters, you never see one reassemble itself from the floor and jump into your hand. That is a local effect. Global ones are more difficult to find examples for. You might say the evolution of life on earth is a tendency toward more order but the diversity of life-forms seems to be chaotic (except for them being destroyed by development and industry). As well, that tendency toward greater order is only occurring in a tiny speck of the cosmos (as far as we know)
I remembef my days of thermodynamics, both in and engineering and chemistry " environment" ...uniquely interesting, conceptually challenging and brilliant. Applications of the Stefan-Boltzmann Law and that beautiful family of curves ( isentropic and adiabatic etc ) . Still has me amazed.
It is true that entropy always increases, but the rate of increase isn't always constant. Evolution of life is the result of controlling the rate of change of entropy. Throughout my life entropy changed by a small margin compared to the sun and in a black hole the entropy changes very little from equilibrium state.
Congratulations for spreading the good news. In 2009 I co-authoreda book which was deducted to him as well. What an outstanding Homo Sapiens Sapiens. Keep on the superior work you do.
With regard to the time reversibility of entropy, it's interesting to look at the entropic consequences of Mirror Universe proposal put forth by Neil Turok and others at the Perimeter Institute. Here the Time dimension originates in the Big Bang and progresses in both positive and negative time with approximately half of the matter and energy existing along each of these timelines. Although the Mirror Universe has a lot of development ahead before widespread acceptance and currently doesn't address entropy, it seems clear that entropy would function in the same manner in both halves of a bifurcated universe. But, since entropy increases along both a positive and negative timelines, the total entropy of the closed system (the entire universe) doesn't change. The time reversibility of entropy is only a problem if you passively accept that time only moves in one direction. Just a side note: While some are viewing the Mirror Universe of Turok, et al., as having a unique take on the cosmogeny of the universe, Isaac Asimov proposed a similar beginning back in the 60's or early 70's in a magazine piece. It was later incorporated into his book "Science, Numbers, and I" published about 1972.
I am increasingly disappointed in Neil Turok. He seemed to be on the right course and then he goes there. There is no need for a singularity or mirror universes. He is just fishing to find a universe to match his maths.
@@pmhwoodcraft9934 He's trying to find simplicity in a milieu that is increasingly prone to complexity. A mirror universe is one way of simplification, at the risk of sounding fanciful.
@@-danR As a non-scientist and non-mathematician, I'm a big fan of simplification. 😁 The mirror universe may be fanciful, but certainly no more so than most of the other ideas that seem to pop up weekly. And, if done right, I believe it can solve some of the major questions in cosmology while leading to more comprehensive set of conservation laws, including entropy, space, and time.
Well balanced and thorough non-mathematical description….two omissions and corrections though are as follows. Einstein’s four “Annie mirabilis” papers of 1905 led to or included the equivalence of matter and energy, and/or their inter convertibility, thereby showing that both the atomists and energeticists were correct in a way. Moreover, the diffraction of X-Rays by H.G. Moseley also demonstrated the usefulness and hence the correctness of the atomic hypothesis. As far as I am aware, reference materials (sources) are not presented.
There was also rather strong evidence for the existence of atoms and the validity of the atomic hypothesis from chemistry and the successful application of ideas about atoms to gasses,,chemical reactions and stoichiometry
Actually the Swiss Mathematicians and Physicists Daniel and Johann Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler built in the 18 hundreds their still valid theories on the notion of Atoms.
For the most accurate and correct definition or understanding of entropy, one should read the books of Prof. Arieh Ben-Naim, a professor of Physical Chemistry retired from Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The books, "Entropy Demystified" and "Entropy: The Truth, the only Truth, Nothing but the Truth" are especially written with crystal-clear clarity and scientific rigor. After reading these books, if anyone asks you 'what is entropy?', one can say, "Entropy of a Thermodynamic system is the Shannon's Measure of Information, or SMI, when applied to a system at thermodynamic equilibrium". This is the most accurate definition that captures all the characteristics of entropy. No other descriptors such as chaos, disorder, energy spread, etc CANNOT accout for the characteristics of entropy, as the SMI descriptor does. After reading these books, one will understand that theres is no enigma or mystery regarding entropy.
I'll check them out if there's something online, but I really don't like Shannon's legacy as it elevated 'Information Conservation' to the level of 'Energy Conservation', and I firmly believe Black Holes break information conservation, but not energy conservation.. I also have a problem with maths and physical reality contradictions. Time-reversibility is obviously needed mathematically for doing calculations, but in reality Time only allows one fundamental 'operator' , +, not the + AND - that Space allows... Obviously 3D space and 1D time make sense in Cartesian geometry, but if spatial dimensions are 2 way and Time is only 1 way can we not say Time is 1/2 a dimension!?... It seems a reasonable way to encapsulate this property 3 space + 0.5 time Dimensions... -- To me, Entropy Law is less important than a Law of Simplicity/Complexity, to coin a phrase... COMPLEXITY: Closed system complexity reduces over time. Uniformly (dis)ordered (hot)/cold matter is simplest... with a complexity factor being the same at high and low temperatures. A load of the same atoms in a cold volume will tend to form a uniformly ordered solid or a uniformly disordered gas at high temperature. Same complexity value at each extreme. We can predict what each will form equally at each temperature using just temperature (and basic chemistry / QM). A hot gaseous volume complexity is quantified mainly by motion, while a cold solid's complexity is quantified mainly by structure...?!
@@PrivateSiI’m thinking a cold solid’s complexity could only be assessed at T = absolute zero, but QM effects are probably still extant. Not sure. Dr Feynman??
@@PrivateSi But it is only a "belief" that Time is restricted to being one way. It is even possible that time is a 4th spatial dimension. And that would change the whole way we think about the universe.
@@triplec8375 .. It's the most well evidence fact in physics... Just because Relative Time has synchronisation issues at the quantum level doesn't alter this FACT... Same for incomplete relativity equations not accounting for this in its equations that have no lower or upper bounds, creating unwanted, erroneous infinities. You're in denial, like all math sci-woo types!... Laws of entropy are one way as time is one way. If you can prove otherwise via non quantum maths-woo experimentation with your time travel machine then go and get your noble prize... But be warned, the Time Lords will kill you faster than you can Quantum Leap!... Sci-fi brain in a jar!... I bet you believe we live in a Simulation too!?!?.. I'm the opposite of those types, with GOOD REASON and EVIDENCE!
@@triplec8375 .. Looks like they're censoring me. It's backed up by REALITY, and evidence, and The Entropy Law!.. GR is incomplete, with no limits at the quantum or universal scales, so theoretical nonsense like 'white holes' are possible, and time is two way. Relativistic temporal anomalies at tiny space and time scales are just down to relativity. EVIDENCE.. EVIDENCE. EVIDENCE!
Entropy is a potential that measures the number of independent (micro)states that give the same total energy. In the classical mechanical concept this number is infinite for an ideal gas, since the atoms can be at any position and at any speed in a defined space. It is quantum mechanics, i.e. the concept of Planck that the momentum is discrete, which makes the number of microstates quantified and finite.
Also, the absolute entropy of a closed system never actually changes. So, the entropy of parts of the universe change and entropy flows from place to place, but as a whole it doesn't change for the universe. If I were to put my $ on the existence of something fundamental, time would lose out and entropy would win. Time isn't money, entropy is. We all suffer a strange observational bias probably due to the limitations of our hardware that time is somehow fundamental. If we were made of more exotic states of matter and still capable of complex thinking about this stuff I suspect those biases would disappear and we'd understand why entropy is the real fundamental property of existence.
As far as I read, Boltzmann did not realize the connection between entropy (S = k lnW) and information. G N Lewis was the first to explicitly state the relationship between entropy and information
[11/12, 10:35 AM] S.Balachandran: What was the reason for his death? [11/12, 10:35 AM] Meta AI: Ludwig Boltzmann died by suicide on September 5, 1906, in Duino, Italy. He suffered from: 1. Depression: Struggled throughout his life. 2. Mental health issues: Experienced anxiety, mood swings. 3. Physical ailments: Had asthma, arthritis. 4. Professional pressures: Faced criticism, opposition to his ideas. 5. Personal losses: Lost his son, Hermann (1900), and friend, Ernst Mach (1902). These factors, combined with his intense perfectionism and sensitivity, contributed to his tragic decision. *Legacy* Boltzmann's work continues inspiring physicists, philosophers and mathematicians. Would you like more information on Boltzmann's life or contributions?
@@samiirai well to laugh at someone for an idea is pretty arrogant. The only thing funny in this conversation is you ignored that I also said energy and the fact that you said supposedly in your supposedly %100 statement.
Entropy is just another aspect-version of magical-functional log-antilog interference positioning-location @instantaneous trancendental i-reflection 0-1-2-3ness 3D-T picture-plane perspectives containment. It's the trancendental part, relative-timing condensation-coordination vanishing-into-no-thing, Majorana differentiates in holography-quantization of perfect functional gas. All-ways all-at-once every potential angle orthogonality Fluxion-Integral Temporal superposition Calculus state of combination/permutation chemistry of possibilities that makes the universe of making.
My friend this is verbal diarrhea of the highest caliber of expert distinction, I can merely strive to achieve eminence in my field in 1/1000000th a fraction as this TH-cam comment some day.
Hell, everyone understands entropy, they just didnt know what it was called. Every time the river rises, it pushes boulders and cobblestones downstream. They hit each other, slowly knocking off little pieces, getting smooth and smaller. What that you call it? Entropy? Got it.
The fundamental laws of physics apply to discrete objects, simple systems, but the behavior of complex systems can be emergent, acting at a higher-than-fundamental levels, to which the fundamental laws are irrelevant.
It's called the renormalizability of *ALL* physical theories on an energy-scale hierarchy. Everything is indeed physical but there are different levels of energies involved. Atomic nuclear changes tend to be on the level of mega-electron-volts but chemical and biological changes of atomic and molecular species tend to be on the level of near-one electron volts.
If Entropy always goes from a high to low state, then where or how did the initial high state come into existence? If we can quantify the current state of the entropy of the universe and the rate of change of universal entropy, then should we be able to work out the starting state and time at the beginning of the entropic state of the universe ?
"EntropyRulesAll" was the name of a real smart ace on Twitter years ago. DON'T DROP THE SOAP OFF YOU'RE STILL PHYSICAL. ⚡️💥🐍💥⚡️ 2:25pm Sunday, Nov 10, 2024
Lohschmidt's reversibility objection is not true anymore. All atoms and molecules consist of electrons, which on close approach will create induced dipoles. This creates dispersion. This is a quantum mechanical effect where the Heisenberg principle kicks in. That is to say, that small perturbations make it impossible to know the exact position and speed of the molecules. So there is no reversibility on atomic scale Even when we would be able to bring the atoms/molecules at zero Kelvin in a defined position, the heating by a heating source will introduce the quantum uncertainty where the hottest spot is located and thus where the first molecules start to move. Q.E.D. This uncertainty principle can be found in the entropy of an ideal gas as defined by Sackur and Tetrode, where the Planck constant quantifies the uncertainty in momentum of the ideal gas particles
Entropy DOES NOT define arrow of time. For more details, you may read books on entropy by Prof Arieh Ben-Naim, especially the ones:"Entropy Demystified" and "Entropy, The Truth the only Truth and Nothing but the Truth"
@@paxwallace8324 Hi, it's not a question of one wishing to stick with someone's theory or idea, simply because entropy is a very well-defined quantity and there's absolutely NO room for any philosophical connection, NO room for taking stand for anybody's 'opinion' Or school of thought.. It's clearly defined ONLY using SMI concept.. One will understand this only if they read books by Prof Arieh Ben Naim. Again, I am not here to preach on his ideas, but simply informing, those who are interested, that entropy is REALLY a simple idea which one can understand once read those books
@krishnadaskr4656 why the 2nd law of thermal dynamics stipulates that one can only remember the past but not the future is perfectly reasonable. Entropy can only increase shit can only run down so we inexorably march into the future. Now if you're a Buddhist/Hindu physicist or just Eckhart Tolle one might argue that the universe is evolving towards consciousness which is an anti-entropic vector I guess.
‘k’ was a constant discovered by Planck (who also discovered ‘h’). If temperature is redefined as internal (average) kinetic energy of molecules, then ‘k’ becomes dimensionless, and can even set to 1 with the right choice of the unit of temperature. Then entropy S becomes dimensionless as well, as it is only a measure of randomness (chaos, versus order) of a big collection of particles, which is only mathematical.
110821 Here is a thermal management exercise of little practical value. There is little tendency towards disorder if the quite durable tanks are cooled by devices which convert heat directly into electricity and heated by ordinary electric heaters. If the tanks would be cooled by ordinary refrigerators there would be a lot of inelegant complications. Consider a liquid in a tank farm with simple consistent specific heat between 10 and 90 Celsius, a range that will not be exceeded. The operator wants to test the equipment that redistributes the temperature among five equally constructed tanks. The first setup is (5 tanks @ 50 C). Their second setup is (3 tanks @ 50 C, 1 tank 20 C,1 tank 80 C). The third setup is (1 tank @ 50 C, 2 tanks @ 15 C, 2 tanks 85 C). The heat stored in the tank farm remains the same. Energy is not gained or lost. There is little tendency towards disorder for any number of changes in the heat content of the individual tanks for a constant tank farm heat content. Aloha
Answer to What is Spin? Physical measurement, Math-Phys-Chem and Geometry, categorical labelling of e-Pi-i omnidirectional-dimensional flash-fractal cause-effect of time-timing. I-inflation => "big bang Conformal Field Condensation Correspondence = holography.
This video is shameful. He didn't commit suicide because people thought atoms didn't exist. He committed suicide because he was depressed and likely suffered from bipolar mania. There currently are life-saving treatments for people in his condition.
@@irenehartlmayr8369 No. He had episodic manic depression throughout his life. Ignoring the biological basis for bipolar is really harmful - it is now a manageable condition. Certainly external conditions are a factor in any disease, and the death of his mother followed by the death of his 11 year old son were important factors. Boltzmann had been hospitalized in a psychiatric facility but this was long before the discovery of the value of Li and there were no chemical treatments at that time. The ignorance of the biological basis of mental illness is barbaric and there is no excuse for it. Many of the most productive people are bipolar and there should be no shame attached to seeking help for this treatable condition.
@@FR-kb1fc Well,I am not ignoring anything about the biological basis and I wrote that his condition was probably aggravated by the opposition he was shown by colleagues. I am a scientist myself and a Biochemist besides so I know about these things. So what are you talking about by using the word " barbaric " ? ...as you know nothing about my knowledge of these things.... Scientists are always ready to attack colleagues with other ideas and are very ruthless about it. Its the worst characteristic of the scientific community. Besides,Boltzmann was also very artistic,a good pianist,and artistic people are usually very sensitive.. It doesn't have to be bipolar either,all kinds of psychological disorders have a biological basis and,as nobody is spared some kind of life's mishaps,these things aggravate an already existing condition or tendency.
The form of bipolar mania that you mentioned is buried directly in the concepts & personalities in conflict. The one who was a troll succeeded in humiliating the other. For Boltzmann honor and truthfulness were very high on the list.
These curious minds asking about why it goes one wat, and not the other - should ask, "if i perceive it moving one way, then, can i conclude that this *one way* is not also the other simultaneously", but then what does it look like to be two different ways, for if i conclude that something does move, he might then say it has another way in which it couldve moved. Thats all to say that, the question is a product of science, foundational to a system that has treated time as something more than it is, and has too treated its events, holding them up as if theyll slide back down. Though the mind is not without its own ways of sliding around, whether two, four, six, etc. So many different ways then, could entropic properties be moving -> this way -> < - that way
It is perfectly true that you cannot compel others to accept your personal conviction as universal truth without substantiation by incremental logic, ie Math-Physics Newtonian style temporal superposition identification of probabilistic correlations in Polar-Cartesian self-defining infinitesimal differentiates integrated metastability here-now-forever, Calculus, mental math-music reciprocation-recirculation theory that confirms WYSIWYG Numerical harmonic resonance Observation. (Don't despair if you don't get it in the flash-fractal elemental self-defining logic all-ways all-at-once sync-duration holography dimensionality you think you see)
Can we say mathematics was developed to model the Universe? And, if our model is wrong our mathematics is wrong? A fundamental device of mathematics is the "equation". It is the equation that is symmetrical (reversible). But, we can see the arrow of time. Therefore our language (mathematics) is flawed? Perhaps, we need something other than the equation to model the Universe? If I recall correctly, chemistry has a symbol that indicates an irreversible process.
No, the background redshift is the result of photon entropy (decay), so expansion, and thus dark matter, are not required. What '😢dark energy' really represents, is the exponential relationship of wavelength increase to the continuous decrease of energy after e-m light propagation loss.
Exactly. And the universe is infinite. The observable universe however, is constrained by the laws of physics - our measuring equipment and the speed of light. If we, as a species, can harness that arising order before it collapses, becoming surfers of chaos as it were, the future might not look so bleak and nihilistic.
Prof Carroll needs a colleague who has a PhD for asking What is Spin?, understands the Conjecture of Alice in Wonderland => physical fantasy/theory and can relate this to projection-drawing Polar-Cartesian self-defining abstractions in/of log-antilog derived perspective. (Where's the damn book?)
Check your facts, wrong equation on Boltzmann's tombstone. Cathy Loves Physics has a good video on it. Also, the idea most people were against atoms/particles is an absolutely absurd inversion of history.
You are wrong. The equation in Boltzmann's tomb was first written by Boltzmann himself, albeit in a different form. Also, nobody is saying everyone was against atoms. We have a whole section in video dedicated to allies and rivals of Boltzmann's atomic ideas
It is like saying Maxwell's equations should be called Heaviside equations because Maxwell never presented in that form .. Maxwell's equations can be written in more than 10 different equivalent forms, just like Boltzmann's entropy formula.
@quantverse1294 Absolutely. The 4 equations taught _should_ be called the Gibbs-Heaviside equations and correctly recognised as being an extremely shallow rip-off of Maxwell's actual theory which included all degrees of freedom you find in field theories up until and including SU(3) ... U(1) and U(1)×SU(2) fields also already covered by Maxwell's actual equations; which were 10 (reducible to 7) quaternion equations. The reasons Gibbs-Heaviside "won" is because people could not break free of the chains of the Cartesian method by which they'd sadly learned geometry. The idea that Gibbs-Heaviside simplified Maxwell's theory and retained all its essentials is an absolutely completely insane mathamatical impossibly. And yet, for reasons which have more to do with geopolitics than anything else, we are all still taught it happened to this day. Despite the fact literally any topologist will tell you it's completely fundamentally impossible.
No this is a silly argument. In practice order comes from disordered randomness all the time no god needed. You can believe what you want but don’t ever try to say that something in science proves god because they’re completely incompatible.
I really don't like Shannon's legacy as it elevated 'Information Conservation' to the level of 'Energy Conservation', and I firmly believe Black Holes break information conservation, but not energy conservation.. I also have a problem with maths and physical reality contradictions. Time-reversibility is obviously needed mathematically for doing calculations, but in reality Time only allows one fundamental 'operator' , +, not the + AND - that Space allows... Obviously 3D space and 1D time make sense in Cartesian geometry, but if spatial dimensions are 2 way and Time is only 1 way can we not say Time is 1/2 a dimension!?... It seems a reasonable way to encapsulate this property 3 space + 0.5 time Dimensions... -- To me, Entropy Law is less important than a Law of Simplicity/Complexity, to coin a phrase... COMPLEXITY: Closed system complexity reduces over time. Uniformly (dis)ordered (hot)/cold matter is simplest... with a complexity factor being the same at high and low temperatures. A load of the same atoms in a cold volume will tend to form a uniformly ordered solid or a uniformly disordered gas at high temperature. Same complexity value at each extreme. We can predict what each will form equally at each temperature using just temperature (and basic chemistry / QM). A hot gaseous volume complexity is quantified mainly by motion, while a cold solid's complexity is quantified mainly by structure...?!
I’m still really confused about what phone is the score of the universe I know that’s where all the planets are in and stars but they treat the universe like it was separate from beyond the universe because they’re not sure if our universe goes on forever which I think it does mean without having a brain you can figure this one out so if you go to the edge of the universe unless the universe has the ending somewhere good all common sense tells you they have to be something even if it’s completely empty I think what we call the universe goes on forever that’s another conundrum what exactly is forever I hope I’m not confusing you other words time in the universe is far back as it is for it that’s a very strange concept I can’t wrap my mind around it too much but I gave it 60 years of thinking and studying science thank you for listening to me ramble on
I was trying to say time in the university and the word forever is as far back as it is for it no beginning no end but it exist I’m sure you’re really confused but now I know I am
This seems over thought. On paper, time can go backwards, but in reality it doesn't happen. Simple. Also, the proof used for atoms is not proof of atoms, that curve could also describe a gas without atoms. You are just used to thinking that a gas is made of atoms.
*Sean Carol is WRONG and misleads everyone including the narrator!* His claim that Boltzmann's macrostates of the system are Pressure, Volume, Temperature and Number of particles being macroscopic properties is *wrong!* It is also incorrect to call entropy the log of a probability. It's not because W is not a probability but it is the numerator of a probability. It was Claude Shannon's H theorem that counts the capacity of a signal in BITs that is the log of a probability and which Shannon called 'uncertainty' a much more correct term. Entropy is not a measure of information or the lack of information and has nothing to do with either information or energy! W is the number of microstates in a CHOSEN macrostate (by an observer) so is totally SUBJECTIVE! And that is what they are trying to avoid by defining the macrostate in such a way it collapses the Boltzmann equation to classical thermodynamics which only applies at equilibrium and allows an objective measure. Even classical Entropy change ds = Int (dQ/T) has units Energy / Temp = E/T but Temperature is the average energy per molecule T = E/N Therefore Entropy ds = E/E/N = N *it has NO UNITS!* Disorder = [0 < W/Wtot < 1] the probability of the system being in a macrostate with W microstates not the total number of microstates as incorrectly put in many places. Of course the real problem with what Boltzmann discovered was that entropy as a measure of disorder predicts a creation because order must increase into the past but must stop at a maximum so the you have God to deal with and they must avoid that at all costs even telling lies to everyone.
Thermodynamic entropy is "The Shannon's Measure of Information, SMI, when applied to a system at Thermodynamic Equilibrium". If you want to understand and convince yourself, read the books " Entropy Demystified " and "Entropy: The Truth, the Only Truth and Nothing but the Truth", written by Prof Arieh Ben Naim, University of Jerusalem. If you read these and understand, you will realize that not only Sean Carrol, almost anyone who spoke about entropy, including Feynman and Roger Penrose were wrong!
@@krishnadaskr4656 I have read them all been there and done that.. Only classical thermodynamics must assume the system is in equilibrium which removes any way of measuring the entropy of any improbable state like a statue or book or even just a glass. This is the reason there is no proper definition of macrostate. If you only have equilibrium thermodynamics you cannot define the macrostate of any improbable (ordered) arrangement like a statue. But all such states are lower in entropy than equilibrium.
@@mikebellamy Lots and lots of meaningless jargon in what you have written. Can you explain (to anyone) what do you mean by "improbable (ordered) arrangement such as a statue... "?! Anyway, there's no problem in estimating entropy of statue, glass, or whatever, provided if we know it's composition in detail, and parameters such as T, P and size (volume, for example) of the system.. If we knew only equilibrium or classical theodynamics, one CAN define a macrostate of some system like a statue! We just need to know the details that i mentioned before. To me, a statue, or a glass, or a book, etc can be best described or identified as a system at thermodynamic equilibrium which will have a macrostate that has been characterized by well defined parametees that i mentioned above. In contrast, a glass of water kept open can be identified as a system not in equilibrium and in that case we can't define or estimate entropy. I think you need to read the books, that I mentioned, taking mxuh more time, care and focus to clearly what is a jargon and what is a crystal-clear writing of science
Science mythologization is so gay because the concepts are never heroic. The protagonists are dorks constantly getting bullied by midwits into unaliving themselves for the goofiest reasons.
You can't come up with equations like these and just apply them to some kind of partial interracial circumstance thats mostly artificial. There's something ridiculous about that tt makes me feel sorry for them.
Why do you do math and come up with these equations and they still can't figure out how to get along? Isn't interracial justice a major aspect of relativity that can help us thrive through the processes of entropy? It's like they make equations and they don't know how to apply them. 😂
What a sad story, but he was wrong, there are no atoms! And atomic theory cannot explain life, the most common physical phenomenon; the living being contradict the second law of thermodynamic.
Atomic theory explains life 🧬 on the atomic level very well. One needs to have a good comprehension of the linkages between different energy levels and theories.
@@solconcordia4315 I've never heard that. From the atomistic point of view it doesn´t make any difference if an atom or a molecule is in a living being or in beaker, that's why they make biological research in the lab; and there's no theory that explain how inanimate matter becomes animated.
I always thought Boltsman was an overly sensitive crybaby. Then I remember he let his family find his body when they returned from the beach. What an ass.
I have read some of your misplaced comments in other fora.The ass is YOU. And what else should he have done if he wanted to commit suicide ? Maybe announce it beforehand and let them watch....!?.
Planck's approach to Blackbody Radiation was to analyze the entropy as a function of energy. To make both high-frequency and low-frequency data consistent with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, he included an additional "guess" term proportional to the frequency (hf); this results in Planck's Law. Planck's subsequent application of Boltzmann's Statistical Mechanics to justify his guess then led to his revolutionary conclusion that the material of the walls emit and absorb radiation in discrete quanta. A paper titled "Planck’s Route to the Black Body Radiation Formula and Quantization" by Michael Fowler (7/25/2008) gives a nice discussion. "Theoretical Concepts in Physics: An Alternative View of Theoretical Reasoning in Physics" (1984) by Malcolm S. Longair contains more details.
One can only speculate on the development of Physics if both Maxwell and Boltzmann had lived longer.
Now we are waiting for the next Boltzman, but with a happier ending! Lifting general relativity and quantum mechanics in to a more universal perspective.
Kirchhoff and Planck considered black body as a concept. He didn't notice that black bodies are real. Kirchhoff's law of radiation is only valid for perfectly absorbing walls. It was noticed instantly and Planck's cavities were covered with sooth, i.e. carbon to make the radiation black. He never explained what natural phenomenon causes this behavior. He never explained how carbon emits thermal photons. The whole quantum mechanism is disconnected form natural world to this very day. Not every cavity produces thermal emission. Perfect reflector walls don't, so we can have today resonating cavities in telecommunication, lasers and MRI.
I'm beginning to suspect that "entropy" is a notional abstract monopoly that is sprawling over and controlling too many diverse disciplines, not to mention youTube videos, and that should be broken up into independent corporations by the IPRB*
_____
*International Physical Regulatory Body
@@-danR xD love it! Beware, soon it spreads to metaphysics and we have Zentropy.
@@douglasstrother6584 journal reference please?
Einstein did not accept quantum mechanics: "God does not play dice." He did win a Nobel Prize for the photoelectric effect which said that light sometimes acts as a particle.
@@pshehan1 Einstein did not accept it as a complete theory. However he contributed to quantum theory with his A & B emission and absorption probabilities, without which lasers would not have been developed and we would not be communicating this way
Of course he also contributed in a major way with his recognition that the photoelectric effect pointed directly to the quantization of light
@@dougr.2398 Yes, I did acknowledge that.
@ Einstein had his limitations, just like everyone else. However, he had to accept the statistical properties of light in explaining the photoelectric effect, though they were not then recognized to be such.
Very nice instructive video, the background of the tv in the video had a nice high entropy touch!
Glad you liked it!😊
@@quantverse1294 Thanks, yes anyone that loves philosophy and physics probably will love Boltzman's work. It is one of the pillars of modern physics.
Please don’t use that screeching sound in transitions it’s hurting my ears
@@Filip-ci3ng the internet contains many kinds of dangers carelessly posted to draw attention…. I’ve seen flashing lights of the kind that are known to trigger grand or petit mal seizures posted in game ads. People are so careless when they want to make money or draw attention
That is a really awful effect, and triggers a danger instinct in my brain, like trouble is about to happen. I imagine it might trigger worse in people with epilepsy. One other TH-camr employs a similar effect: "KnowingBetter." I figure it's a millennial's way to try to appear "cool" but it's just bad.
Please stop the screeching!
17:45 Here, Planck goes on to essentially describe Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology hypothesis (CCC). Through entropy, the universe is on a march toward maximal entropy. Essentially, long from now one single remaining interaction will be all that's left before the universe ticks over to a constant state that would (in theory) last forever. But then again, consider that at finally arriving at maximal entropy (upon the carrying out of that last disquinquishable microstate) a new "thing" will have ushered forth: a cosmological coin, if you will. Max entropy on one side. But upon flipping it over, you see with the change in perspective that the obverse is in fact 'highly ordered' (at scale). And when a highly ordered state comes about, all the energy of that system will be massively unstable...hanging on a knife's edge...awaiting a perturbation from something quantum (maybe an inflaton). Inevitably though, a new (scale-adjusted) big bang will usher forth. So postulates Roger.
Sounds like a great point
It's not true that entropy is always increasing, just that any decreasing is extremely improbable. This point needs to be made much more clear when we teach physics.
Entropy is cyclic. "Order" is a subjective perception of a preferred arrangement.
Read about dissipative structures. Very real circumstances cause temporary negentropy within a larger system. It's not just statistical probabilities.
😅 22:47 22:47 22:47 22:47 22:47 22:47 22:47
22:47 22:47 22:47
@@jasonbrown3925 locally and globally it increases. When you drop a glass on the floor and it shatters, you never see one reassemble itself from the floor and jump into your hand. That is a local effect. Global ones are more difficult to find examples for. You might say the evolution of life on earth is a tendency toward more order but the diversity of life-forms seems to be chaotic (except for them being destroyed by development and industry). As well, that tendency toward greater order is only occurring in a tiny speck of the cosmos (as far as we know)
I remembef my days of thermodynamics, both in and engineering and chemistry " environment" ...uniquely interesting, conceptually challenging and brilliant. Applications of the Stefan-Boltzmann Law and that beautiful family of curves ( isentropic and adiabatic etc ) . Still has me amazed.
It is true that entropy always increases, but the rate of increase isn't always constant. Evolution of life is the result of controlling the rate of change of entropy. Throughout my life entropy changed by a small margin compared to the sun and in a black hole the entropy changes very little from equilibrium state.
That was the strangest Emo Phillips stand-up I've ever seen on YT.
true
Congratulations for spreading the good news. In 2009 I co-authoreda book which was deducted to him as well. What an outstanding Homo Sapiens Sapiens. Keep on the superior work you do.
With regard to the time reversibility of entropy, it's interesting to look at the entropic consequences of Mirror Universe proposal put forth by Neil Turok and others at the Perimeter Institute. Here the Time dimension originates in the Big Bang and progresses in both positive and negative time with approximately half of the matter and energy existing along each of these timelines. Although the Mirror Universe has a lot of development ahead before widespread acceptance and currently doesn't address entropy, it seems clear that entropy would function in the same manner in both halves of a bifurcated universe. But, since entropy increases along both a positive and negative timelines, the total entropy of the closed system (the entire universe) doesn't change. The time reversibility of entropy is only a problem if you passively accept that time only moves in one direction. Just a side note: While some are viewing the Mirror Universe of Turok, et al., as having a unique take on the cosmogeny of the universe, Isaac Asimov proposed a similar beginning back in the 60's or early 70's in a magazine piece. It was later incorporated into his book "Science, Numbers, and I" published about 1972.
I am increasingly disappointed in Neil Turok. He seemed to be on the right course and then he goes there. There is no need for a singularity or mirror universes. He is just fishing to find a universe to match his maths.
@@pmhwoodcraft9934 He's trying to find simplicity in a milieu that is increasingly prone to complexity. A mirror universe is one way of simplification, at the risk of sounding fanciful.
@@-danR As a non-scientist and non-mathematician, I'm a big fan of simplification. 😁 The mirror universe may be fanciful, but certainly no more so than most of the other ideas that seem to pop up weekly. And, if done right, I believe it can solve some of the major questions in cosmology while leading to more comprehensive set of conservation laws, including entropy, space, and time.
Well balanced and thorough non-mathematical description….two omissions and corrections though are as follows. Einstein’s four “Annie mirabilis” papers of 1905 led to or included the equivalence of matter and energy, and/or their inter convertibility, thereby showing that both the atomists and energeticists were correct in a way. Moreover, the diffraction of X-Rays by H.G. Moseley also demonstrated the usefulness and hence the correctness of the atomic hypothesis. As far as I am aware, reference materials (sources) are not presented.
There was also rather strong evidence for the existence of atoms and the validity of the atomic hypothesis from chemistry and the successful application of ideas about atoms to gasses,,chemical reactions and stoichiometry
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry#:~:text=The%20term%20stoichiometry%20was%20first,the%20Chemical%20Elements)%20was%20published.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Moseley
Actually the Swiss Mathematicians and Physicists Daniel and Johann Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler built in the 18 hundreds their still valid theories on the notion of Atoms.
Excellent Teaching Observations and collaborative comments.
Thank you kindly!
For the most accurate and correct definition or understanding of entropy, one should read the books of Prof. Arieh Ben-Naim, a professor of Physical Chemistry retired from Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The books, "Entropy Demystified" and "Entropy: The Truth, the only Truth, Nothing but the Truth" are especially written with crystal-clear clarity and scientific rigor. After reading these books, if anyone asks you 'what is entropy?', one can say, "Entropy of a Thermodynamic system is the Shannon's Measure of Information, or SMI, when applied to a system at thermodynamic equilibrium". This is the most accurate definition that captures all the characteristics of entropy. No other descriptors such as chaos, disorder, energy spread, etc CANNOT accout for the characteristics of entropy, as the SMI descriptor does. After reading these books, one will understand that theres is no enigma or mystery regarding entropy.
I'll check them out if there's something online, but I really don't like Shannon's legacy as it elevated 'Information Conservation' to the level of 'Energy Conservation', and I firmly believe Black Holes break information conservation, but not energy conservation.. I also have a problem with maths and physical reality contradictions. Time-reversibility is obviously needed mathematically for doing calculations, but in reality Time only allows one fundamental 'operator' , +, not the + AND - that Space allows... Obviously 3D space and 1D time make sense in Cartesian geometry, but if spatial dimensions are 2 way and Time is only 1 way can we not say Time is 1/2 a dimension!?... It seems a reasonable way to encapsulate this property 3 space + 0.5 time Dimensions...
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To me, Entropy Law is less important than a Law of Simplicity/Complexity, to coin a phrase... COMPLEXITY: Closed system complexity reduces over time. Uniformly (dis)ordered (hot)/cold matter is simplest... with a complexity factor being the same at high and low temperatures. A load of the same atoms in a cold volume will tend to form a uniformly ordered solid or a uniformly disordered gas at high temperature. Same complexity value at each extreme. We can predict what each will form equally at each temperature using just temperature (and basic chemistry / QM). A hot gaseous volume complexity is quantified mainly by motion, while a cold solid's complexity is quantified mainly by structure...?!
@@PrivateSiI’m thinking a cold solid’s complexity could only be assessed at T = absolute zero, but QM effects are probably still extant. Not sure. Dr Feynman??
@@PrivateSi But it is only a "belief" that Time is restricted to being one way. It is even possible that time is a 4th spatial dimension. And that would change the whole way we think about the universe.
@@triplec8375 .. It's the most well evidence fact in physics... Just because Relative Time has synchronisation issues at the quantum level doesn't alter this FACT... Same for incomplete relativity equations not accounting for this in its equations that have no lower or upper bounds, creating unwanted, erroneous infinities. You're in denial, like all math sci-woo types!... Laws of entropy are one way as time is one way. If you can prove otherwise via non quantum maths-woo experimentation with your time travel machine then go and get your noble prize... But be warned, the Time Lords will kill you faster than you can Quantum Leap!... Sci-fi brain in a jar!... I bet you believe we live in a Simulation too!?!?.. I'm the opposite of those types, with GOOD REASON and EVIDENCE!
@@triplec8375 .. Looks like they're censoring me. It's backed up by REALITY, and evidence, and The Entropy Law!.. GR is incomplete, with no limits at the quantum or universal scales, so theoretical nonsense like 'white holes' are possible, and time is two way. Relativistic temporal anomalies at tiny space and time scales are just down to relativity. EVIDENCE.. EVIDENCE. EVIDENCE!
Entropy is a potential that measures the number of independent (micro)states that give the same total energy.
In the classical mechanical concept this number is infinite for an ideal gas, since the atoms can be at any position and at any speed in a defined space. It is quantum mechanics, i.e. the concept of Planck that the momentum is discrete, which makes the number of microstates quantified and finite.
An Elliptical Wave Tank, would be a useful lab toy. Allowing a wave to disperse from one focus, and converge at another.
What about the convertion of matter in gravitational energy the Universal Retro Expansivity Theory told?
Also, the absolute entropy of a closed system never actually changes. So, the entropy of parts of the universe change and entropy flows from place to place, but as a whole it doesn't change for the universe. If I were to put my $ on the existence of something fundamental, time would lose out and entropy would win. Time isn't money, entropy is. We all suffer a strange observational bias probably due to the limitations of our hardware that time is somehow fundamental. If we were made of more exotic states of matter and still capable of complex thinking about this stuff I suspect those biases would disappear and we'd understand why entropy is the real fundamental property of existence.
Boltzmann agreed that entropy equals information.
As far as I read, Boltzmann did not realize the connection between entropy (S = k lnW) and information. G N Lewis was the first to explicitly state the relationship between entropy and information
Every computer scientist lives by this rule as we're always asking how many bits do we need to hold all possible values for a variable.
[11/12, 10:35 AM] S.Balachandran: What was the reason for his death?
[11/12, 10:35 AM] Meta AI: Ludwig Boltzmann died by suicide on September 5, 1906, in Duino, Italy. He suffered from:
1. Depression: Struggled throughout his life.
2. Mental health issues: Experienced anxiety, mood swings.
3. Physical ailments: Had asthma, arthritis.
4. Professional pressures: Faced criticism, opposition to his ideas.
5. Personal losses: Lost his son, Hermann (1900), and friend, Ernst Mach (1902).
These factors, combined with his intense perfectionism and sensitivity, contributed to his tragic decision.
*Legacy*
Boltzmann's work continues inspiring physicists, philosophers and mathematicians.
Would you like more information on Boltzmann's life or contributions?
Entropy is a consequence of an expanding universe. Because matter and energy has more possibilities on where to move than it did previously.
this is not true lol
@ maybe it is or maybe it isn’t. But one thing for certain is that it was not funny.
@@binbots But it is, before the expansion - there supposedly was no matter, so its not true all. The funny part is how wrong it is.
@@samiirai well to laugh at someone for an idea is pretty arrogant. The only thing funny in this conversation is you ignored that I also said energy and the fact that you said supposedly in your supposedly %100 statement.
Live is an example of deentropy. Mas order than disorder....
Entropy is just another aspect-version of magical-functional log-antilog interference positioning-location @instantaneous trancendental i-reflection 0-1-2-3ness 3D-T picture-plane perspectives containment.
It's the trancendental part, relative-timing condensation-coordination vanishing-into-no-thing, Majorana differentiates in holography-quantization of perfect functional gas. All-ways all-at-once every potential angle orthogonality Fluxion-Integral Temporal superposition Calculus state of combination/permutation chemistry of possibilities that makes the universe of making.
My friend this is verbal diarrhea of the highest caliber of expert distinction, I can merely strive to achieve eminence in my field in 1/1000000th a fraction as this TH-cam comment some day.
Expansion and Contraction in order to Maintain Equilibrium 😢🎉 speeding up and slowing down
Hell, everyone understands entropy, they just didnt know what it was called. Every time the river rises, it pushes boulders and cobblestones downstream. They hit each other, slowly knocking off little pieces, getting smooth and smaller. What that you call it? Entropy? Got it.
The fundamental laws of physics apply to discrete objects, simple systems, but the behavior of complex systems can be emergent, acting at a higher-than-fundamental levels, to which the fundamental laws are irrelevant.
It's called the renormalizability of *ALL* physical theories on an energy-scale hierarchy. Everything is indeed physical but there are different levels of energies involved. Atomic nuclear changes tend to be on the level of mega-electron-volts but chemical and biological changes of atomic and molecular species tend to be on the level of near-one electron volts.
Interesting video. Where did you find Max Planck's clip?
That interview is available on YT video id v=B9FpAGK8bj8 (not posting a link, since that usually makes my comments disappear).
Thank you !! @@michaeldamolsen
Thanks for the video
Ur videos are impressive…. Keep it up. Wow
If Entropy always goes from a high to low state, then where or how did the initial high state come into existence?
If we can quantify the current state of the entropy of the universe and the rate of change of universal entropy, then should we be able to work out the starting state and time at the beginning of the entropic state of the universe ?
"EntropyRulesAll" was the name of a real smart ace on Twitter years ago. DON'T DROP THE SOAP OFF YOU'RE STILL PHYSICAL.
⚡️💥🐍💥⚡️
2:25pm Sunday, Nov 10, 2024
Lohschmidt's reversibility objection is not true anymore. All atoms and molecules consist of electrons, which on close approach will create induced dipoles. This creates dispersion. This is a quantum mechanical effect where the Heisenberg principle kicks in. That is to say, that small perturbations make it impossible to know the exact position and speed of the molecules. So there is no reversibility on atomic scale
Even when we would be able to bring the atoms/molecules at zero Kelvin in a defined position, the heating by a heating source will introduce the quantum uncertainty where the hottest spot is located and thus where the first molecules start to move. Q.E.D. This uncertainty principle can be found in the entropy of an ideal gas as defined by Sackur and Tetrode, where the Planck constant quantifies the uncertainty in momentum of the ideal gas particles
S=KlogW entropy why we can't remember the future. The only idea in physics that defines the arrow of time
Entropy DOES NOT define arrow of time. For more details, you may read books on entropy by Prof Arieh Ben-Naim, especially the ones:"Entropy Demystified" and "Entropy, The Truth the only Truth and Nothing but the Truth"
@krishnadaskr4656 I'll stick with Brian Cox
@@krishnadaskr4656 Thanks for those book recommendations; just found both of them online.
@@paxwallace8324 Hi, it's not a question of one wishing to stick with someone's theory or idea, simply because entropy is a very well-defined quantity and there's absolutely NO room for any philosophical connection, NO room for taking stand for anybody's 'opinion' Or school of thought.. It's clearly defined ONLY using SMI concept.. One will understand this only if they read books by Prof Arieh Ben Naim. Again, I am not here to preach on his ideas, but simply informing, those who are interested, that entropy is REALLY a simple idea which one can understand once read those books
@krishnadaskr4656 why the 2nd law of thermal dynamics stipulates that one can only remember the past but not the future is perfectly reasonable. Entropy can only increase shit can only run down so we inexorably march into the future. Now if you're a Buddhist/Hindu physicist or just Eckhart Tolle one might argue that the universe is evolving towards consciousness which is an anti-entropic vector I guess.
Why should I comment if it's just going to get deleted?
1:20 Four giants. But I'm glad to know that Maxwell was on his side. Most physicists understand Einstein's mathematics, few understand Maxwell's.
‘k’ was a constant discovered by Planck (who also discovered ‘h’). If temperature is redefined as internal (average) kinetic energy of molecules, then ‘k’ becomes dimensionless, and can even set to 1 with the right choice of the unit of temperature. Then entropy S becomes dimensionless as well, as it is only a measure of randomness (chaos, versus order) of a big collection of particles, which is only mathematical.
The reason why he commited suicide still unclear you'd better not take it for granted.
Negative entropy is the Hawking radiation of the super-blackhole from beyond the void of creation…
110821 Here is a thermal management exercise of little practical value. There is little tendency towards disorder if the quite durable tanks are cooled by devices which convert heat directly into electricity and heated by ordinary electric heaters. If the tanks would be cooled by ordinary refrigerators there would be a lot of inelegant complications.
Consider a liquid in a tank farm with simple consistent specific heat between 10 and 90 Celsius, a range that will not be exceeded. The operator wants to test the equipment that redistributes the temperature among five equally constructed tanks. The first setup is (5 tanks @ 50 C). Their second setup is (3 tanks @ 50 C, 1 tank 20 C,1 tank 80 C). The third setup is (1 tank @ 50 C, 2 tanks @ 15 C, 2 tanks 85 C). The heat stored in the tank farm remains the same. Energy is not gained or lost. There is little tendency towards disorder for any number of changes in the heat content of the individual tanks for a constant tank farm heat content.
Aloha
Answer to What is Spin? Physical measurement, Math-Phys-Chem and Geometry, categorical labelling of e-Pi-i omnidirectional-dimensional flash-fractal cause-effect of time-timing. I-inflation => "big bang Conformal Field Condensation Correspondence = holography.
This video is shameful. He didn't commit suicide because people thought atoms didn't exist. He committed suicide because he was depressed and likely suffered from bipolar mania. There currently are life-saving treatments for people in his condition.
Has it ever ocurred to you that the opposition to his ideas CAUSED his depression and condition ? Or,at least,aggravated it...!?
@@irenehartlmayr8369 No. He had episodic manic depression throughout his life. Ignoring the biological basis for bipolar is really harmful - it is now a manageable condition. Certainly external conditions are a factor in any disease, and the death of his mother followed by the death of his 11 year old son were important factors. Boltzmann had been hospitalized in a psychiatric facility but this was long before the discovery of the value of Li and there were no chemical treatments at that time. The ignorance of the biological basis of mental illness is barbaric and there is no excuse for it. Many of the most productive people are bipolar and there should be no shame attached to seeking help for this treatable condition.
@@FR-kb1fc Well,I am not ignoring anything about the biological basis and I wrote that his condition was probably aggravated by the opposition he was shown by colleagues.
I am a scientist myself and a Biochemist besides so I know about these things. So what are you talking about by using the word " barbaric " ? ...as you know nothing about my knowledge of these things....
Scientists are always ready to attack colleagues with other ideas and are very ruthless about it.
Its the worst characteristic of the scientific community.
Besides,Boltzmann was also very artistic,a good pianist,and artistic people are usually very sensitive..
It doesn't have to be bipolar either,all kinds of psychological disorders have a biological basis and,as nobody is spared some kind of life's mishaps,these things aggravate an already existing
condition or tendency.
The form of bipolar mania that you mentioned is buried directly in the concepts & personalities in conflict. The one who was a troll succeeded in humiliating the other. For Boltzmann honor and truthfulness were very high on the list.
@@FR-kb1fc
You can always tell the pioneers - they're the ones with arrows in their backs...
These curious minds asking about why it goes one wat, and not the other - should ask, "if i perceive it moving one way, then, can i conclude that this *one way* is not also the other simultaneously", but then what does it look like to be two different ways, for if i conclude that something does move, he might then say it has another way in which it couldve moved. Thats all to say that, the question is a product of science, foundational to a system that has treated time as something more than it is, and has too treated its events, holding them up as if theyll slide back down. Though the mind is not without its own ways of sliding around, whether two, four, six, etc. So many different ways then, could entropic properties be moving -> this way -> < - that way
It is perfectly true that you cannot compel others to accept your personal conviction as universal truth without substantiation by incremental logic, ie Math-Physics Newtonian style temporal superposition identification of probabilistic correlations in Polar-Cartesian self-defining infinitesimal differentiates integrated metastability here-now-forever, Calculus, mental math-music reciprocation-recirculation theory that confirms WYSIWYG Numerical harmonic resonance Observation.
(Don't despair if you don't get it in the flash-fractal elemental self-defining logic all-ways all-at-once sync-duration holography dimensionality you think you see)
Can we say mathematics was developed to model the Universe? And, if our model is wrong our mathematics is wrong? A fundamental device of mathematics is the "equation". It is the equation that is symmetrical (reversible). But, we can see the arrow of time. Therefore our language (mathematics) is flawed? Perhaps, we need something other than the equation to model the Universe? If I recall correctly, chemistry has a symbol that indicates an irreversible process.
High entropy hard drives are the best! If I could use black holes for data storage I would choose nothing else.
No, the background redshift is the result of photon entropy (decay), so expansion, and thus dark matter, are not required. What '😢dark energy' really represents, is the exponential relationship of wavelength increase to the continuous decrease of energy after e-m light propagation loss.
The tired tired-light theory is tired.
Since matter (atoms) is energy, then both Boltzmann and the "energeticists' were correct.
And they still get Entropy wrong. Order emerges from chaos and later descends into chaos in a perpetual cycle.
Exactly. And the universe is infinite. The observable universe however, is constrained by the laws of physics - our measuring equipment and the speed of light. If we, as a species, can harness that arising order before it collapses, becoming surfers of chaos as it were, the future might not look so bleak and nihilistic.
13:30 - Basic probability of two choices 2D and then the complexity therein arises?
.. Quantum Information and Quantum Entanglement are Fundamental.
Entropy increases,
Time is only going one way, forward.
Bltzmn proved right, Nothing is evolving unless External aided,
Could do also saving himself?!
It's Strange how every Human that can make Imprivement in the lives of Humans alway's dies Early.
Prof Carroll needs a colleague who has a PhD for asking What is Spin?, understands the Conjecture of Alice in Wonderland => physical fantasy/theory and can relate this to projection-drawing Polar-Cartesian self-defining abstractions in/of log-antilog derived perspective. (Where's the damn book?)
Whait, what?! Wasn't it 1905 when Einstein published paper proving existance of atom!?
Entropy links the chaos to it´s rules.
(If I understand that right)
Check your facts, wrong equation on Boltzmann's tombstone. Cathy Loves Physics has a good video on it. Also, the idea most people were against atoms/particles is an absolutely absurd inversion of history.
You are wrong. The equation in Boltzmann's tomb was first written by Boltzmann himself, albeit in a different form. Also, nobody is saying everyone was against atoms. We have a whole section in video dedicated to allies and rivals of Boltzmann's atomic ideas
It is like saying Maxwell's equations should be called Heaviside equations because Maxwell never presented in that form .. Maxwell's equations can be written in more than 10 different equivalent forms, just like Boltzmann's entropy formula.
@quantverse1294 Absolutely. The 4 equations taught _should_ be called the Gibbs-Heaviside equations and correctly recognised as being an extremely shallow rip-off of Maxwell's actual theory which included all degrees of freedom you find in field theories up until and including SU(3) ... U(1) and U(1)×SU(2) fields also already covered by Maxwell's actual equations; which were 10 (reducible to 7) quaternion equations.
The reasons Gibbs-Heaviside "won" is because people could not break free of the chains of the Cartesian method by which they'd sadly learned geometry.
The idea that Gibbs-Heaviside simplified Maxwell's theory and retained all its essentials is an absolutely completely insane mathamatical impossibly. And yet, for reasons which have more to do with geopolitics than anything else, we are all still taught it happened to this day. Despite the fact literally any topologist will tell you it's completely fundamentally impossible.
U r wrong rejection IS THE CAUSE for his depressed EMOTIONAL STATE OF MIND
Türkçe altyazı?
Boltzman ❤
If you understand entropy, you will understand that we have a Creator and only our Creator can create us again
I did wonder about that when I was watching the video. I was wondering how the entropy got "reset" so low in the beginning (our universes' beginning).
@ Exactly
No this is a silly argument. In practice order comes from disordered randomness all the time no god needed. You can believe what you want but don’t ever try to say that something in science proves god because they’re completely incompatible.
@@darkcircle899 You believe in fantasy. Heat never heats itself up again.
I really don't like Shannon's legacy as it elevated 'Information Conservation' to the level of 'Energy Conservation', and I firmly believe Black Holes break information conservation, but not energy conservation.. I also have a problem with maths and physical reality contradictions. Time-reversibility is obviously needed mathematically for doing calculations, but in reality Time only allows one fundamental 'operator' , +, not the + AND - that Space allows... Obviously 3D space and 1D time make sense in Cartesian geometry, but if spatial dimensions are 2 way and Time is only 1 way can we not say Time is 1/2 a dimension!?... It seems a reasonable way to encapsulate this property 3 space + 0.5 time Dimensions...
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To me, Entropy Law is less important than a Law of Simplicity/Complexity, to coin a phrase... COMPLEXITY: Closed system complexity reduces over time. Uniformly (dis)ordered (hot)/cold matter is simplest... with a complexity factor being the same at high and low temperatures. A load of the same atoms in a cold volume will tend to form a uniformly ordered solid or a uniformly disordered gas at high temperature. Same complexity value at each extreme. We can predict what each will form equally at each temperature using just temperature (and basic chemistry / QM). A hot gaseous volume complexity is quantified mainly by motion, while a cold solid's complexity is quantified mainly by structure...?!
I’m still really confused about what phone is the score of the universe I know that’s where all the planets are in and stars but they treat the universe like it was separate from beyond the universe because they’re not sure if our universe goes on forever which I think it does mean without having a brain you can figure this one out so if you go to the edge of the universe unless the universe has the ending somewhere good all common sense tells you they have to be something even if it’s completely empty I think what we call the universe goes on forever that’s another conundrum what exactly is forever I hope I’m not confusing you other words time in the universe is far back as it is for it that’s a very strange concept I can’t wrap my mind around it too much but I gave it 60 years of thinking and studying science thank you for listening to me ramble on
I was trying to say time in the university and the word forever is as far back as it is for it no beginning no end but it exist I’m sure you’re really confused but now I know I am
Being alive is basically slowing down entropy the best you can😂 do
Did they bring Cedric Villani from the past ??😅
Isn’t evolution of biology such as animals an example of lower entropy arising from higher entropy!
yes. so are crystals i think
Hope he can look down from the other side, and see this video.
This seems over thought. On paper, time can go backwards, but in reality it doesn't happen. Simple.
Also, the proof used for atoms is not proof of atoms, that curve could also describe a gas without atoms. You are just used to thinking that a gas is made of atoms.
He had bipolar depression when it has no cure
The AI images kinda ruin the video :/
Thank you for the comment. We will try reducing AI Images. It is kind of distracting.
*Sean Carol is WRONG and misleads everyone including the narrator!*
His claim that Boltzmann's macrostates of the system are Pressure, Volume, Temperature and Number of particles being macroscopic properties is *wrong!* It is also incorrect to call entropy the log of a probability. It's not because W is not a probability but it is the numerator of a probability.
It was Claude Shannon's H theorem that counts the capacity of a signal in BITs that is the log of a probability and which Shannon called 'uncertainty' a much more correct term. Entropy is not a measure of information or the lack of information and has nothing to do with either information or energy!
W is the number of microstates in a CHOSEN macrostate (by an observer) so is totally SUBJECTIVE! And that is what they are trying to avoid by defining the macrostate in such a way it collapses the Boltzmann equation to classical thermodynamics which only applies at equilibrium and allows an objective measure.
Even classical Entropy change ds = Int (dQ/T) has units Energy / Temp = E/T but
Temperature is the average energy per molecule T = E/N
Therefore Entropy ds = E/E/N = N *it has NO UNITS!*
Disorder = [0 < W/Wtot < 1] the probability of the system being in a macrostate with W microstates not the total number of microstates as incorrectly put in many places.
Of course the real problem with what Boltzmann discovered was that entropy as a measure of disorder predicts a creation because order must increase into the past but must stop at a maximum so the you have God to deal with and they must avoid that at all costs even telling lies to everyone.
Thermodynamic entropy is "The Shannon's Measure of Information, SMI, when applied to a system at Thermodynamic Equilibrium". If you want to understand and convince yourself, read the books " Entropy Demystified " and "Entropy: The Truth, the Only Truth and Nothing but the Truth", written by Prof Arieh Ben Naim, University of Jerusalem. If you read these and understand, you will realize that not only Sean Carrol, almost anyone who spoke about entropy, including Feynman and Roger Penrose were wrong!
@@krishnadaskr4656 I have read them all been there and done that..
Only classical thermodynamics must assume the system is in equilibrium which removes any way of measuring the entropy of any improbable state like a statue or book or even just a glass.
This is the reason there is no proper definition of macrostate. If you only have equilibrium thermodynamics you cannot define the macrostate of any improbable (ordered) arrangement like a statue. But all such states are lower in entropy than equilibrium.
@@mikebellamy Lots and lots of meaningless jargon in what you have written. Can you explain (to anyone) what do you mean by "improbable (ordered) arrangement such as a statue... "?! Anyway, there's no problem in estimating entropy of statue, glass, or whatever, provided if we know it's composition in detail, and parameters such as T, P and size (volume, for example) of the system.. If we knew only equilibrium or classical theodynamics, one CAN define a macrostate of some system like a statue! We just need to know the details that i mentioned before. To me, a statue, or a glass, or a book, etc can be best described or identified as a system at thermodynamic equilibrium which will have a macrostate that has been characterized by well defined parametees that i mentioned above. In contrast, a glass of water kept open can be identified as a system not in equilibrium and in that case we can't define or estimate entropy. I think you need to read the books, that I mentioned, taking mxuh more time, care and focus to clearly what is a jargon and what is a crystal-clear writing of science
How do they know he hung himself?
the story of the cause of boltzmann death is WRONG !
Science mythologization is so gay because the concepts are never heroic. The protagonists are dorks constantly getting bullied by midwits into unaliving themselves for the goofiest reasons.
You can't come up with equations like these and just apply them to some kind of partial interracial circumstance thats mostly artificial. There's something ridiculous about that tt makes me feel sorry for them.
Sorry, this otherwise informative presentation is mard with grammatical errors that grate. 'Five September' ??? Fifth! Another AI presentation?
Thank you for your comment. We used grammarly for corrections, and they recommended 5 September. But, yeah, it doesn't sound natural.
Why do you do math and come up with these equations and they still can't figure out how to get along? Isn't interracial justice a major aspect of relativity that can help us thrive through the processes of entropy? It's like they make equations and they don't know how to apply them. 😂
What a sad story, but he was wrong, there are no atoms! And atomic theory cannot explain life, the most common physical phenomenon; the living being contradict the second law of thermodynamic.
Atomic theory explains life 🧬 on the atomic level very well.
One needs to have a good comprehension of the linkages between different energy levels and theories.
@@solconcordia4315 I've never heard that. From the atomistic point of view it doesn´t make any difference if an atom or a molecule is in a living being or in beaker, that's why they make biological research in the lab; and there's no theory that explain how inanimate matter becomes animated.
@@Marcos-bo6vi there is an idea that all matter is animated
I always thought Boltsman was an overly sensitive crybaby. Then I remember he let his family find his body when they returned from the beach. What an ass.
You might try spelling his surname correctly
@@RichardCorongiu Nice response
I have read some of your misplaced comments in other fora.The ass is YOU.
I have read some of your misplaced comments in other fora.The ass is YOU. And what else should he have done if he wanted to commit suicide ? Maybe announce it beforehand and let them watch....!?.