Which Language Is Closest To English?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 8 ธ.ค. 2022
- HELP SUPPORT NAME EXPLAIN ON PATREON: / nameexplain
TIKTOK: / nameexplain
INSTAGRAM: / nameexplainyt
FACEBOOK: / 248812236869988
TWITTER: / nameexplainyt
BOOK: bit.ly/originofnames
MERCH: teespring.com/stores/name-exp...
Thank you to all my Patrons for supporting the channel!
SOURCES & FURTHER READING
Which Languages Are Closest to English?: www.babbel.com/en/magazine/la...
Germanic Languages: www.britannica.com/topic/Scan...
English’s Secret Sibling: foreignlanguagecollective.com/...
I can't think of a question to ask this time around, but thanks for watching this video!
To answer the unasked question, yes I'd enjoy a further video about English variations such as pidgin English, creole, and Jamaican patois. You could expand on Scots as well.
Important correction: Frisian is not a single language, but is þree different languages, wið West Frisian (in ðe Neðerlands) perhaps being ðe closest.
Although you briefly touched on this with English’s influence on Japanese, a video examining the linguistics of “Loan Words” (words borrowed from other languages) would be interesting to see!
@@poatocat9534I love loan words and false cognates. A Spanish-speaking coworker used the word "pregunta" and I thought she was announcing a pregnancy until she explained that it means "question".
I'm interested in PIE. It's like the holy grail of etymology but even it must have had a parent language for it and the non PIE languages to split from don't you think?
Japanese call ice cream アイスクリーム for the same reason English speakers call sushi sushi and not raw fish. it's a western dish so they call it by its western name wtf
Whoa, just take it easy man
ok ryan
Japanese borrowed generic food itens from Portuguese as well; for example: The word for 'bread' in Japanese is 'パン' (/pã̠ɴ/), from Portuguese 'pão' (/ˈpɐ̃w̃/).
Tard
There are plenty more examples if you'd prefer.
コンピュター
クレジトカード
ゲーム
and so on
English words have been borrowed into lots of languages, not just Japanese. I think this is a consequence of the British empire and of American (Hollywood) influence on worldwide culture. But my favorite story is about a Japanese word that became part of English. When I was in Tokyo some years ago, we asked our Japanese host to explain the huge seawall that we had to pass through to get to the exhibition hall on the docks. He didn't know the answer right away, but after we experienced a small earthquake later in the day, he told us he knew the reason for the wall but didn't know the English for it. "Tell us in Japanese and we'll try to figure it out", we said. His reply was "The wall is in case of tsunami".
Other Japanese words in English - Futon, Karaoke, Honcho (as in "Head Honcho"), Emoji, Cosplay (a Japanese word made from English words, borrowed back into English).
My favorite Japanese loan word in English is skosh. Skosh derives from the Japanese word "sukoshi" borrowed by US soldiers during and after WW2 and the Korean War- it was shortened as a result of Japanese vowel reduction and Anglicization of the pronunciation. It means "a little" just as it does in Japanese.
I believe the word karaoke is also a loan word from Japanese
@@BalkyBartokomous2525 The word guerrillero or guerilla in Spanish meant warrior, the Americans gave it the meaning of irregular or insurrectionist forces, which was imported into Spanish with the English spelling and usage [according to a Spanish university linguist]. I really liked Omurice, and was quite sure it was a traditional Japanese food. The word is made from two English words home and rice and is thought to be Western food. Culture and languages doing what they have always done!
@@BalkyBartokomous2525 japanese use the english word comic in german we say manga
Just for the record, Low German/Saxon is very much still a living language in Northern Germany and Poland. It is, however, at risk as most of its speakers are aging and it only recently gained protections as a minority language in Germany.
Edit: In fact, the green on the map you reference are Low German dialects :)!
Also there is very much a political discussion to be had on Elfdalian. Sweden has avoided recognizing it as a minority language and instead calls it a dialect, but the Council of Europe said it meets all the criteria of a language. Linguists are also torn on Elfdalian, is it an East Scandinavian language that has borrowed things from West Scandinavian, vice versa, or possibly even a sole member of a "Central Scandinavian" branch? In any case it now has a standard orthography and is completely unintelligible by speakers of Norwegian and Swedish.
Nobody but immigrants speaks German or any Germanic language in Poland natively nowadays.
@@modmaker7617 You're right in that it's very nearly nobody. Prussia was 100 years ago afterall :). Of the 5~ million active speakers of Low German I'd guess 5~ million live in the Netherlands and Germany and the remaining few in Poland are a rounding error.
The local dialects of where i live in the Netherlands are all Low Saxon too
@@modmaker7617 There's still the Wymysorys language.
As a Belgian and a native Dutch speaker I can say Flemish is not a different language from Dutch but a umbrella term for the different Belgian Dutch dialects (Except West Flemish and Limburgish are different languages)
As a Belgian, I completely agree, well summarized
I'm Dutch and I agree. Flemish is pretty much on of the many Dutch dialects and you mostly just chose to use different words that have the same meaning. The only problems I get is when Flemish people write. I don't understand much of your written slang
@@mkooij Yeah its super similar to the separation between Scots and English, both Flemish & Dutch and Scots & English are nearly always completely mutually intelligible to each other and calling them languages or dialects is contravention and is usually due to national boundaries.
@@mkooij just read it out loud or in your head.
i am belgian too and i can safely say this is true. don't worry about the dialects too much as dutch is still the standard language and belgian dutch is still dutch at least that is the case for me as i am from ghent
I wouldn’t count Flemish as a separate language. It’s the Belgian variety of Dutch, so it’s more like the difference between British and American English.
As a Dutch Linguist from Flanders, I can tell you that academics absolutely would never consider Flemish a separate language. We do distinguish between Colloquial Belgian Dutch an Colloquial Dutch Dutch (concerning different levels of informality for "tussentaal"), but the standard forms spoken in formal settings in both countries are close to identical, with just a few minor sound differences (hard vs soft g, not even universally) and a few lexical differences (rare in formal settings though, except when institutional). Those who claim Flemish as a separate language tend do to it out of political desire for some kind of national identity within Flanders, but there is no rigid academic basis to prove it.
it makes some differences that dutch dutch doesn't make like a distinction between masculine and feminine nouns and voiced and unvoiced s z f v and g ch which isn't much as the language csn be understood without much effort do it isn't really between british and American
@@doepen6700There is more in Dutch Dutch than what they speak in the Randstad.
@@bertvandepoel Even as a person who knows Afrikaans Dutch and Flemish sound the same to me.
As a Dutch person living near the border to Belgium hearing both regularly,
I can confirm Flemish is just Dutch with a funny accent.
🤣🤣 He knows what a cousin once removed is, but he doesn't know what a second cousin is 😅
French
La représentation visuelle du massacre de la population indienne a causé un énorme problème dans la société.
Le président de la commission a exprimé ses regrets et ses condoléances aux familles.
Dutch.
De visuele weergave van het bloedbad onder de Indiase bevolking veroorzaakte een enorm probleem in de samenleving.
De voorzitter van de commissie betuigde spijt en condoleances aan de families.
@DropkicktheDecepticon an English speaker can read from both sentences and understand what is being said. If you can't understand the French word, you'll probably understand the Dutch word, and vice-versa.
Fr
Studying German lately. When I get around to learning some Dutch, the French in it will make it definitely easier.
@@RogerRamos1993 I doubt that any French in Dutch will be necessary. It's close enough to English as it is. For instance "Welkom in mijn huis, mijn vriend. Wat wil je drinken? Koffie of een glas wijn?"
Every time I go over to visit my daughter I ask for another 50 Euros on my OV chipkaart (travel card). "Vijftig euro op deze kaart, alstublieft." That last word is effectively "if you please".
To take things back onto names, people in the US with surnames ending in '-stra' are likely to be of Frisian origin, no matter if they're aware of it or not.
Language families are a fascinating topic too though!
Spoelstra? Also Sinatra?
@@ProximaCentauri88 Ha, the former. Also Dykstra. "Sinatra" starts with an S and ends in '-tra' so it's not quite the same.
@@dropkickthedecepticon4009 You're several hundred years too late for that.
or sma also Frisian
Yes and names ending in -ma or -ga originate from the province of groningen.
Broke: Scots is a dialect of English
Woke: Scots is a different language than English
Bespoke: English is a dialect of Scots
Scotch, not Scottish. Scottish would be referring to Gaelic Scottish
Scotch, not Scottish. Scottish would be referring to Scottish Gaelic
@@lazydroidproductions1087 Actually, it's Scots. Scotch is a drink.
@@lazydroidproductions1087 cool, thanks
@@akl2k7scotch is also a tape brand
Beneluxians watching the video knowing full well we're closest to English but still decided to watch the entire video. I salute you.
French
La représentation visuelle du massacre de la population indienne a causé un énorme problème dans la société.
Le président de la commission a exprimé ses regrets et ses condoléances aux familles.
Dutch.
De visuele weergave van het bloedbad onder de Indiase bevolking veroorzaakte een enorm probleem in de samenleving.
De voorzitter van de commissie betuigde spijt en condoleances aan de families.
Languages spoken officially in the Benelux, include Dutch, Frisian, German, French and Letzebuergs. Maybe I forgot or don't know about one or two either. So which languages are you referring to? ;-)
@@mjouwbuis Yes.
It's not them
Frisian is the correct answer, they can understand old English , there’s a video on TH-cam of a conversation between someone speaking old English to a Frisian guy who wants to buy his cow.
What you described as the "Grandchildren of siblings" is just 2nd cousins
They are second cousins to your grandchildren, but they are YOUR great niece or nephew.
That'd be great-grandchildren of your great-grandparents. My sister's granddaughter would be my grand-niece.
As someone who speaks both English and Dutch, I can with quite some certainty say that Scots and English are more distinct than Dutch and Flemish. So if you call Flemish a language, Scots is for certain as well.
And same for Danish and Norwegian
As a swede I find dutch as a mix of german, swedish and english.
@@PennyAfNorberg It is, we're mushed in between. Share the same ancestors from thousands of years ago with them all. And recognise words of them all!
Yeah if you call Flemish and Dutch different languages then you should even call American English and British English different languages
Scots is. Flemish isn't.
Some Frisian words similar to English:
Together - Tegearre
Cheese - Tsiis (Same pronunciation)
Key - Kaai
Red - Read
Door - Doar
World - Wrâld
Sheep - Skiep
Green - Grien (Same pronunciation)
Dream - Dream
Cow - Ko
Salve - Salve
Rain - Rein
Boat - Boat
Think - Tink
Heart - Hert
Meal - Miel (Same pronunciation)
Storm - Stoarm
Tower - Toer
Sleep - Sliep (Same pronunciation)
Leader - Lieder (Same pronunciation)
Bone - Bonke
Salt - Sâlt
By - By
Fish - Fisk
Ship - Skip
Good - Goed (Almost same pronunciation)
Blood - Bloed (Almost same pronunciation)
Way - Wei
Day - Dei
Shine - Skine
Swim - Swim
He - Hy (Same pronunciation)
She - Sy (Almost same pronunciation)
We - Wy (Same pronunciation)
Me - My (Same pronunciation)
And so many more...
Note that language categorization is based on more than vocabulary. Grammar rules and phonetics also vary greatly across languages.
Low Saxon is very much still alive. I lived in a region that spoke it in the Netherlands.
German Low Saxon sounds to me like the most 'average' Germanic language. It has features from all of its neighbours and without many of the sound shifts high German had. It also feels older, but in a way that makes the rest feel younger than they really are. Kinda like a millennial surrounded by zoomers
Thank you for making this video. Putting it in a family setting made it super easy to understand. For me anyway
I've been given the power to teach my fellow tribal members the language we have once lost. The language that we now speak is far from the language our ancestors spoke... but it is the beginning step toward our healing and because of you NamesExplained, that I have been able to see our culture our lives and our future through different perspectives and eyes.... thank you for everything you have done.
what language?
@@carteradams43 The Apache Language Spoken By Plains Apaches/(Apache Tribe of Oklahoma)
@@CJCisco ooh, neat!
Best of luck
@@benjaminklass5118 Thank You!
As a Belgian, I feel that Flemish and Dutch is kind of like the way you described Scots and English. Some see it as different languages because of different use of words in certain sentences but overall it’s the same thing.
Zowel grammaticaal als in woordkeus zijn de verschillen veel te klein om verschillende talen te zijn. Bovendien zijn veel Belgische dialecten Brabantse dialecten en die lopen tot richting Utrecht door.
Kijkt u maar op de dialectkaart op Wikipedia, of luistert u goed naar verschillende mensen uit verschillende gebieden binnen het Nederlands taalgebied.
Ye dinnae ken whit yer oan aboot, haud yer wheesht.
French as an "influential step-parent" is a pretty good analogy, really.
Its influence is massive on English's overall vocabulary (much more than Norse) but gramatically its closest relative is undoubtedly Frisian.
English/Danish and the very "influential" Frence:
Come over to my house and get a handful of eggs.
Kom over til mit hus og få en håndfuld æg.
Viens chez moi et prends une poignée d'œufs.
Shall we eat a frog and drink a good ale.
Skal vi æde en frø og drikke en god øl.
On mange une bonne grenouille et on boit une bière
My son has a green jacket and a blue hat.
Min søn har en grøn jakke og en blå hat.
Mon fils a une veste verte et un chapeau bleu.
Apes have long arms and are hairy.
Aber har lange arme og er håret.
Les singes ont de longs bras et sont poilus.
The Old Norman French augmented the English vocabulary, or provided additional nuances to our language. But, as you acknowledge, it remains tied to its Germanic (particularly Frisian) lineage or roots. To put it another way, we might use the word 'people', but we never abandoned the word 'folk'.
@@michaelbutterfield1602 Yes, although English had its fair share of Norman French influence I look upon "everyday English" as being primarily of Germanic origen.
I as a Dane can see many similarities between English/Danish and, unlike German, both commonly has the same grammer, amount of words/wordorder besides the fact that many words are similar or the same.
Wow, as an Englishman I'm astounded by how similar Danish and English appear to be. Does this mean that learning Danish would be the easiest language to learn for an Englishman?@@ole7146
Would it be correct to call French not a step parent,but an actual distant cousin since French and English are both Indo European?
it's amazing how sweet this turned out
I think Langfocus did a similar video a couple years ago. He got more technical though.
Paul from Langfocus is a linguist while Patrick fromName Explain only has a hobby level knowledge of languages.
Langfocus also made a brilliant video called "Viking Influence on the English Language" - how and why Old English ( even more complicated than Modern German, but along similar lines ) was completely transformed and greatly simplified in the linguistic clash & fusion with the related Old Norse of the Danish & Norwegian Viking settlers ( in N. & E. England + some parts of Scotland ) into some sort of a Germanic creole language ( of course with lots of borrowed French & Latin words added on top of it over time ), which is now often much more similar to its original North Germanic Scandinavian "cousin" languages Danish, Norwegian & Swedish than to its original West Germanic "sibling" languages Frisian, Dutch & Low German (from Saxon! ).
Thing with Scots is that it's had different influences to English through languages such as Pictish and Gaelic (the Scottish one). In Scotland we do speak a dialect of English - Scottish-English which itself is distinct from Scots but borrows some words
If flemish is a different language from dutch, then scots is different from english
Actually, Low German is historically even closer to English than Dutch, standing between the latter and the Frisian languages. That's why Low German isn't just, as thought by many, a dialect of German, but actually an independent language with a lot of German influence, but still recognizable as a language, because there are a lot of features in its phonology and grammar that it shares with English and Frisian rather than with German. That's why out of the different ways of classifying West Germanic languages, I greatly prefer the historical classification because it also take the roots of the languages, older stages and proto languages and how similar those were to one another, into consideration. It divides the West Germanic languages into Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic (Low German and Anglo-Frisian), Istvaeonic or Weser-Rhine Germanic (Dutch and Afrikaans, Limburgish, Central German varieties including Luxembourgish, Pennsylvania Dutch and Wymysorys which are considered separate languages) and Irminonic or Elbe Germanic (High German varieties and Standard German, which has also Central German influences because it is based on both Central and High German dialects, which is also why Central German are kinda transitional varieties between Weser-Rhine and Elbe Germanic, since they do share a lot of similarities with both of them, and Yiddish). There are also other classifications but I've actually never seen the ones you describe, putting Dutch closer than Low German and into one subgroup with it and Anglo-Frisian. I agree that the classification of West Germanic is kinda a mess with several different models, but Low German is no doubt closer to English than Dutch is.
I think you're confusing Norway with Denmark. It was the Danes who took over England and influenced the language, not the Norwegians. Danish is definitely closer.
Norwegians were responsible for most Irish cities. I wonder if Norse influence inIrish English is traceable to the Norwegians and in England, to the Danelaw. Of course, English use in Ireland was due to invasion and colonization (as often by Scots as English--get troublemakers off home base so they can cause trouble elsewhere: divide and conquer) at the behest of Norman-derived royals, so maybe not. Maybe Norse loanwords in Gaelic are Norwegian, but in English of any provenance, mostly Danish.
@@erikjohnson9223 Yes, the Norwegians went to Ireland and Scotland. I'm talking about England.
Vikings came from all 3 Scandinavian countries to the British isles. Danes and Vikings are used interchangeably but mean those of Scandinavia.
@@byronmann4525 That's not true. The Swedes went east and founded Russia while us Danes and the Norwegians went west and south.
I've never heard of Danes and Vikings being used interchangeably. That would be wrong.
doing one of these on slavic and or romance would be awesome
What about creole languages that are derived partly from English?
Creole languages aren’t considered to have a family tree.
@@autumnphillips151 The topic of the video is not family trees, it is which languages are similar to English. Jamaican Patois is far more similar to English than Frisian or Dutch are.
@@OntarioTrafficMan Did you somehow miss the very beginning of the video talking about family trees? And everything after that? The topic of the video absolutely is family trees. It’s about which languages are most closely related to English.
And, no, if you want to talk about similarity, Jamaican Patois really isn’t more similar. More mutually intelligible, maybe, but not more similar. Jamaican Patois has a very different history, whereas Frisian and Dutch come from much more similar backgrounds. Languages have family trees, they’re considered to be living things with DNA, and creoles are like adoptees, because they were in fact adopted by people whose ancestral languages were nothing like the lexifiers, whereas Frisian and Dutch are related to English by blood. “Which language is closest to English?” should mean “Which language is most closely related to English?”, and creoles have no blood relation at all, no DNA in common, they’re just imitating it and mixing that with influences from their own completely unrelated background.
You should research the forth and bargy dialect/Yola language in Ireland. It was so different from English that the English had to write to them in French.
I speak Dutch, Afrikaans, Frisian, English, German, and French. It's time to learn Old English. I never gave Norwegian a try, it might be interesting.
Which language do you find to be the closest to English? I heard somebody say the other day that they wished they spoke a different language and I wondered which would bet the easiest. I guessed it would probably be German.
@@chrisnewbury3793 It definitely would not be German. The Anglic languages are as far away from German as any language from the same branch of a language family could possibly be. Genetically speaking, Scots would be closest, but it hasn’t been standardized, so I don’t see how anyone would go about learning it. And the other Anglic languages are dead, so the Frisian languages would be the next closest, genetically speaking, and they’re well-established, but I also imagine it would be difficult to find resources for learning them, as they’re also minority languages, and the same goes for Low Saxon, the next closest relative, which is definitely not dead, despite what this video said. So Dutch is probably the closest language that would be easy to learn, as, as this video showed, it is also sometimes put in a “Low German” group with the Anglo-Frisian languages and Low Saxon, although it is also categorized as being from a different sub-branch of the West Germanic branch, being an Istvaeonic/Weser-Rhine Germanic language, whereas the Anglo-Frisian languages and Low Saxon are Ingvaeonic/North Sea Germanic languages.
Yes, you really should give Norwegian a chance - you would be totally amazed by the many deep similarities in basic vocabulary and several grammatical features with those of a basic core English.
And then you would even get the very similar Danish and Swedish languages ( just pronounced and spelled a bit differently, but still mutually intelligible with N. to a high degree ) with their very similar vocabularies ( 95 %, 85 % ) and very similar grammars in most important respects almost for free with just a little effort.
At one time I learned some Frisian, it was a weird experience because I didn't feel like I was learning a new language but a really distant dialect of English. Especially since the two are mutually intelligible (at least in written form). I was shocked that I could read Frisian as if it were English (with only a glossary at the bottom offering some help, much like when I read Chaucer in University).
I guess you are a Dutch native speaker, and if you know all those languages, you have to learn Norwegian and become a grandmaster of Germanic languages.
I feel like this video is gonna take off, great premise.
Well explained! Thanks you!
I speak Tamil 🇱🇰 and we have British Heritiage because we speak in a half English in our sentences
Yo sri lanka
@@piyumalubayasiri2642 yes british speacking Sri lankan living in America 🇬🇧🇺🇸🇱🇰
@@AllieThePrettyGator there is no language called british
It is called english
@@sanaysam9993 British people definitely have there own variant of English. Don't be pedantic.
@@m.streicher8286 but dialects are still part of the main language
So they are still speaking english
I knew a Dutchman back in the day who bamboozled folks by asking them to guess what language he was using. Imagine my shock when it turns up here of all places, and a sibling no less! The only bit I remember is 'Iit Friisk Laan', give it take a few vowels and umlauts. 'The Frisian Country'.
French
La représentation visuelle du massacre de la population indienne a causé un énorme problème dans la société.
Le président de la commission a exprimé ses regrets et ses condoléances aux familles.
Dutch.
De visuele weergave van het bloedbad onder de Indiase bevolking veroorzaakte een enorm probleem in de samenleving.
De voorzitter van de commissie betuigde spijt en condoleances aan de families.
@@lamartinezola8507 I would use "verontschuldigen" instead of "condoleances" in the Dutch text. Also use "genocide van" instead of "bloedbad onder".
@@Octochiken - But still ‘un massacre’ is ‘a massacre’ and ‘een bloedbad’, not a genocide. ‘Condoléances’ are ‘condolences’ or ‘commiserations’, and certainly not ‘verontschuldigingen’, which are ‘excuses’ or ‘apologies’. A proper Dutch word for ‘condoléances’ is ‘medeleven’.
@@HarmSchelhaasYou're right.
One thing to note about Yiddish, it's VERY similar to German. It's German with Hebrew influence.
But it doesn't really COMES from german. Instead both of them come from hochdeutsche (High German). That's why there siblings instead of one coming from the other. The prevalence of German has also influenced Yiddish even further, making them even closer to one another, but saying Yiddish is just German with Hebrew influence is not quite correct (Despite what it might appear from just hearing both languages)
It's its own language
Much like Ladino and Spanish.
If you mentioned Scots it's a safe to say you can mention Patois
We both know why Patois won't get even a passing mention.... maybe if it were spoken in Europe then it'll have stood a chance
@@kobiadesina2878 why would it being spoken in Europe matter
@@imaadhaq540 Creole languages are routinely discriminated against because their speakers are not white. They're referred to as "broken" or just speaking with "bad grammar".
It's not exactly the same tho. Scots and English are siblings. While patois is one of the multiple English offsprings from around the world. In the form of pidgin and creole languages.
They should absolutely be features in the family tree of english. But they are quite different from Scots in their placement
Fully agreed, Afrikaans gets mentioned which is more Dutch than English but any other former English colony pigeon language doesn't get included lol.
The theory that Frisian is closer to English than the Scandinavian languages is a myth that cannot stand a simple test. Let´s just try a simple comparison of modern Germanic languages with the original language spoken by the Vikings in the Danelaw. Here´s a recipe for nut oil written in Dansk Tunge by the Danish doctor Henrik Harpestræng who died in 1244.
1100-1200s Dansk Tunge: "Man skal takæ en dysk mæth nutæ kyærnæ oc en æggy skalæ full mæth salt oc en æggy skalæ full mæth het wat oc latæ them samæn i en heet mortel oc stampæ thæt wæl oc writhæ gømæn et klæthæ".
Modern English: You shall take a plate of nut kernels and an eggshell full of salt and an eggshell full of hot water and pour them together in a hot mortar and pound it well and wring it through a cloth.
Modern Danish: Man skal tage et fad med nøddekerner og en æggeskal fuld af salt og en æggeskal fuld af hedt vand og hælde dem sammen i en hed morter og stampe det godt og vride det gennem et klæde.
Standard Norwegian: Du må ta en tallerken med nøttekjerner og et eggeskall fullt av salt og et eggeskall fullt av varmt vann og helle dem sammen i en varm morter og banke godt og vri det gjennom et klede.
Modern Swedish: Man ska ta en tallrik med nötkärnor och ett äggskal fullt med salt och ett äggskal fullt med varmt vatten och hälla ihop dem i en het mortel och stampa det väl och vrida igenom en trasa.
Modern Icelandic: Taka þarf disk af hnetukjörnum og eggjaskurn fulla af salti og eggjaskurn af heitu vatni og hella saman í heitt mortéli og þeyta vel og þrýsta í gegnum klút.
Modern German: Man nimmt einen Teller Nusskerne, eine Eierschale voll Salz und eine Eierschale voll heißes Wasser, gießt beides in einen heißen Mörser, zerstampft es gut und wringt es durch ein Tuch.
Modern Dutch: Je moet een bord met notenpitten en een eierschaal vol zout en een eierschaal vol heet water nemen en deze samen in een hete vijzel gieten en goed stampen en door een doek uitwringen.
Modern Frisian: Do moatst in plaat mei nutepitten en in aaiskûl fol sâlt en in aaiskûl fol waarm wetter nimme en dy byinoar yn in hite moarmer skine en goed klopje en troch in doek wringje.
Obviously the Scandinavians are the winners.
You can also write it like this in Frisian: "Do silst in plaat mei nutepitten en in aaiskyl fol my sâlt en in aaiskyl fol my hyt wetter nimme en dit tegearre jitte yn in hite mortier en goed stampe en wringje troch in doek."
Edit: You can also replace the Dutch word "Vijzel" with "Mortier" because these words are interchangeable. And you can also change the part "Je moet" into "je/jij zult".
English is Michael Jackson. Frisian is Randy Jackson.
i'd recommend everyone watch the doco "the adventures of english" - damn good stuff!
Scots or West Frisian. Depends on what do you mean by English. A bit more distantly related are low Franconian (Dutch and relatives) and Low Saxon (North German).
Out of curiosity, why do you say West Frisian? Wouldn't all þree Frisian languages be equally related to English?
@@oyoo3323 I guess they are. I just said that for accuracy sake.
@@oyoo3323 Your use of the (th) letter in English feels extremely wrong lol
@@sebastiangudino9377 how so?
0:33
Ok, using these words was really not a good idea. Spanish and Portuguese "bye bye words" directly come from italian influence and do not come all the way down from Latin
One thing I remember is : "Good butter and good cheese is good English and good Fries (Frisian)"
Yep, and in Frisian is "Goed buter en goed tsiis is goek Ingelsk en goed Frysk". Another one I heard is "buter, brea, en griene tsiis is goed Ingelsk is goed Frysk" (butter, bread, and green cheese is good English is good Fries)
You're looking for the term "Second-Cousins" for the grandchildren of siblings.
At 5:41, I always hoped the terms high and low for German had to do with the tone used. LOL. I would love to see a speaker of one of the Chinese languages speak German in the rising tone (tone 2) only or the falling tone (tone 4) only, thinking that they are speaking in High German or Low German. :D
It’s weird because I speak Spanish and can understand Portuguese and Italian but I can’t understand German or Dutch
Pues si, ese es justo el punto del vídeo, puedes entender portugués e italiano (Igual que Gállego, Aragonés, Catalán y Occitan, seguramente) porque son parte de la filia de los idiomas romances
El alemán y el holandés/neerlandes son lenguas germánicas. El inglés (que también hablas) también lo es! Pero debido a su historia de conquistas y su naturaleza insular se ha distanciado bastante de las lenguas germánicas continentales. Por eso se pierde la capacidad de compresión con ellas. Sin embargo, si aprende alemán, seguro es bastante fácil entender a alguien hablando en neerlandes (Una vez te ajustes a la pronunciación), de la misma forma en la que pasa cuando, como hispanohablante, escuchas a alguien hablar en francés. De hecho, el danés, el noruego y el sueco (Tres otras lenguas germánicas) son (casi) completamente inteligibles entre si. Muy parecido al italiano el español y el portugués
@@sebastiangudino9377 As a German I can't understand Dutch at all. It's like English, a language I would have to learn to understand it. But what's clear is that English and Dutch are much easier to learn than Romance Languages because of the similarities with German.
@@Alex-ds6sw I speak Dutch and I can understand German if it's written or spoken slowly. I think you would understand Dutch if you slow it down or look at written text.
Norwegian and English are second cousin, as they would share great grandparents, always look at the common ancestor, as the grandparent and the sibling will have the same parent.
Some examples of words in Frisian being close to english are:
Tsiis - Cheese (same pronounciation)
Kaai - Key
Tsjerke - Church
Berne - Born
Door - Door
And so on
Some examples of words in Dutch being close to English are:
Water - Water
Ladder - Ladder
School - School
Wat - What
Dat - That
And so on
My father in law was the professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford and he told me that Frisian is the closest language to Old English. He visited the Frisian islands and had no difficulty with the language.
Personally I'd say Frisian is less close to English than Dutch is. Frisian is definitely closer to Old English, but Frisian I believe misses a lot of the French influence that English has. Dutch however similarly to English has a TON of French influenece which makes the overall vocabulary align more.
I ken only a small bit of Nederlands but I think it has made many grammatical simplifications that are similar to English. So, yes, I imagine Frisian is more similar to Old English but modern English is closer to Dutch.
Hmm...did you hear a lot of Frisian? A lot of Frisian words are written differentlyt, but you pronounce them the same as in English.
I actually noticed a lot of Frisian words of French origin. Nothing compared to the amount in English, of course, but still a surprising amount. I noticed the French words in Frisian tend to retain their original pronunciation much like the French words in Middle English did.
English has evolved a lot to see different versions and their was one language inspired off of English, though I should mention Patrick forgot Yola
@DropkicktheDecepticon it's native to Ireland, and was thought to evolve from Middle English.
@DropkicktheDecepticon actually it died out in 1998, with the death of Jack Devereux which may or may not be correlated. It's actually being attempted to be revived. With many other times. Fun fact: Yola actually means old.
@DropkicktheDecepticon it truly was awesome and great. The songs in the Yola language are awesome and sound a little bit like a mixture of Nordic, Gaelic, and Old English.
id say that yola is a little bit farther from english than scots but not as far as frisian. it could be because im scottish who can speak scots but yola and english sound so much more different than scots and english
I was at dinner with my friend's German born parents. They were speaking German about the waitress's pretty eyes and I told them I thought I knew what they were saying. My friend's Mom told me that I should since English as a German language. My mind was blown.
Pretty good video. I think your family relation terms are pretty good. If you look at the "real" linguistic term, it would be sister language, so your analogies fit in pretty well. I also agree that Scots is a separate language from English. It has about 800 years of development separate from English. I don't think I'd consider Flemish to be a different language from Dutch, though.
Also, there are a few Frisian languages, and the closest of those would be West Frisian. But don't forget about North Frisian and Saterland (East) Frisian.
Ice cream in Chinese = Bing Chilling!
The family analogy is making it even harder for me
So technically Frisian or maybe Socts but practically Dutch since Frisian has very few speakers and Scots' status is disputed
But Japan only has English sounding words because they don’t have a Japanese equivalent for those words. Tagalog, language of the Philippines does the same thing With many of its words.
Yup, they are called “loan words” and appear in literally almost every language. It’s just that Japanese has a lot of loan words from English in particular.
Is Tagalog influenced by Spanish?
@@poatocat9534 and English has a lot of loanwords from French in particular.
@@donnaroberts281 Yes. "how are you" in tagalog is "kamusta", derived from spanish "como está".
Source: Wiktionary
English/Anglo-Frisian does NOT come from low german and is in a separate line all on their own
Grand and great can be prefixed to niece or nephew. I had a great uncle so must work in vice versa
you forgot about Jamaican english/creole. that dialect is even more different to normal traditional english than scots.
Jamaican English and Patois are different things. Jamaican English is a dialect of English while Patois is a Creole language based on English
I think anyone who has heard someone from Scotland talk they'll be confined it's a language, the people of Scotland and a unique and fascinating people, and their language is as distinct as they are from the English.
French
La représentation visuelle du massacre de la population indienne a causé un énorme problème dans la société.
Le président de la commission a exprimé ses regrets et ses condoléances aux familles.
Dutch.
De visuele weergave van het bloedbad onder de Indiase bevolking veroorzaakte een enorm probleem in de samenleving.
De voorzitter van de commissie betuigde spijt en condoleances aan de families.
Language borrowing for me seems, like languages building friendship and so borrowing words from eachother no matter how close they are releated genetically.
(9:05) - Although my fellow Canadians aren't really good at English anymore either, I do think we're a bit more developed than Watercloset English.
There are others that probably could have been mentioned, too, which are either offshoots of English or inspired by it. Tok Pisin, as far as I can tell, took a lot of inspiration from English in its development. Tagalog has full English words and phrases (it's jarring to me hearing it, as there will be the Filipino words and then suddenly very English words, not even altered to sound like they fit with the others, get thrown in, too--it's like the speakers are actually switching to another language mid-conversation instead of it being all part of the same language). And one that sprang from English, but might not be considered a full language (though Google Translate has it separate, and Scots was already used in the video, too, which has a similar situation) is Jamaican Patois.
While I think the Internet has begun to homogenize language, due to everyone being able to communicate with each other, I do feel that English was originally going on the path of splitting into its own directions. British, American, and Australian English would likely have over the centuries evolved into their own languages separate from each other. It would be an interesting idea to speculate where that could have gone (though, even without the Internet, it wouldn't have gotten there in any of our lifetimes).
I'm pretty sure low Saxon is still spoken in parts of Germany and the Netherlands
it is.
Yeah, the research on this video was pretty bad
Just to share a controversial theory I remember reading about a few years ago: There's a theory by a few linguist scholars positing that Modern English is actually a North Germanic language with heavy Anglo-Saxon influence. I cannot remember the specifics, but I believe it had to do with some of the grammatical similarities between English and Scandanavian languages that it does not share with other West Germanic languages. This would imply that "Old English" is a separate linguistic phase from "Anglo-Saxon". As far as I'm aware this is still a very controversial argument and most likely won't be consensus, but it helps highlight the degree of influence North Germanic languages have had on English at a deeper level.
That's a topic that comes about every so often. It gets proven wrong, but then it comes along once again. Nowdays linguist mostly believe the similarities are a combination of the insular Isolation ans the "Dane law" (And eventually the Norman conquest). We still can't know for sure. But the language placement in the North Germanic group is very well documented in it's history and as such not really a point of contest (Linguist mostly debate about the why, weather than the where)
cough cough danelaw cough cough
Yup olde English was similar to German since derived. From the Anglo Saxons
You have to do a video on Jamaican patwa
In a Spanish course I took in college, I said something to the Puerto Rican instructor about "Romantic tongues," and she corrected me in front of the class, turning it into a lesson about the Romanic (not Romantic) language family. She pointed out that English is NOT a Romanic language, it's Germanic, and suddenly a lot more of the class made sense.
Very interesting how Britain was the only part of the Western Roman Empire (aside from Africa) to lose its connection with Latin. France, Spain, Romania, Italy, Portugal, southwest Switzerland, southern Belgium. Britain was the exception.
@@RMProjects785 Very much not. If you consider britain to 'loose its connection with latin' (just ignore all the latin root derived words) then also consider the balkans, greece, all of north africa and asia, austria, switzerland, and northern belgium. Lets also just ignore the fact that it really wasnt loosing touch as much as, most of the latin speakers left or were replaced by the anglo-saxon invaders.
Well, it was invaded by Germanic people. after the Romans left. @@RMProjects785
Modern English is a sort of hybrid: Old English ( AKA Anglo-Saxon) is a Germanic language, but then the Normans came along and brought French, which is a Romance language. I believe, but cannot give any authority for this, that everyday English has a larger vocabulary than, say, French or German, because of the fusion of the two language sources. The classic example is the use of Old English words for farm animals and French words for the same animals as food: calf/veal, ox/beef, pig or swine/pork, sheep/mutton, deer/venison, fowl/poultry and so on. But there are plenty more examples: belief/creed, book/volume, likeness/image, sunny/solar, cold/frigid, happy/joyous, cat/feline. I could go on but I need to brush my teeth and walk to work in the rain.
@@RMProjects785I'm satisfied with the explanations from different sources that Britain was more "ruled by Rome" than settled by it. There were Roman administrators and soldiers, but most of the people working the land didn't speak Latin. Basically, the main thing Rome wanted was taxes and raw materials ... which they got, and they were satisfied with this for a few hundred years. Granted, English does have a generous amount of Latin borrowed words now. But that developed academically / legally / scientifically, centuries later.
To a German Dutch always sounds like someone is trying to speek English while high on weed.
I agree with the Frisian viewpoint but the majority of the germanics that came to present-day England were Saxons (From Saxony (Germany)). So perhaps there are two languages closest to English. In Old English - "Ðis wæs swiðe god".
The relationship between English and Norwegian family comparison would be 2nd cousins. That means that you and them share the same exact great-great-Grandparents. In this case your great grandparent and their great grandparent are direct brother and/or sister
Er … no. Siblings share the same parents, 1st cousins share the same grandparents, 2nd cousins share the same great-grandparents, 3rd cousins the same great-great-grandparents.
0:37 and French! Thanks! We say "ciao" too.
As the saying goes, "A language is a dialect with an army and navy"
I actually knew of frisian as I want to learn it as it is so similar to English
4:47 The word for that is "Grand niece/nephew".
In west west germany we have the Datt / Das, Watt / Was - Line.. i speak like "watt is datt" had no probelems with english at all..
Im English and I've never studied Dutch or Frisian but when I've visited the Netherlands, I can understand the basic meaning of a lot of conversations that I've overheard. I'm utterly lost with French or Spanish even though they share a lot of vocabulary with English
Other children of English -- Jamaican Patois and Gullah.
Yeah, and we can throw tok pisin in there as well
Tokpissin
Flemish is not a language: it's a Dutch dialect group.
Vlaams is gewoon.Nederlands, met een paar andere woorden en een wat verschillende tongval. Net zoals het Duits in Oostenrijk ten opzichte van het Duits in Duitsland.
@@simontenkate9601, dat zeg ik
GAMMA!
@@Jan_Koopman ja, net als met "Oostenrijks" en Duits.
You needed to address all the pidgins: Tok Pisin and others, as well as Jamaican Patwa (not sure if technically a creole but still the point remains)
I dabbled with West Frisian for a bit this summer. Pretty fun. I'll go back when I'm better at Polish
0:51
GET OUTTA MY HEAD
What about Yola?
The biggest barrier to an English speaker learning Dutch is not the grammar or vocabulary but the pronunciation which is curious as the Dutch learn English with little difficulty and the English can pronounce adequately in German easily enough.
I wonder if Frisian speakers would be able to understand Anglish, since although the grammar wouldn't line up, most of the roots would be the same
"Uncleftish Beholding" is my favorite work in Anglish. it makes me want to send out wee neitherbits.
Your answer is in this video: th-cam.com/video/brTMWgE-m6w/w-d-xo.html
I’m a native speaker of West-Frisian. I’ve read it and I kinda understand it, although that’s more because of my understanding of modern English I guess.
I looked it up on google. What i found says it is not an original text. But invented in modern time to demostra what it could look like. @@Bacopa68
I'm English and have been to the Netherlands a few times. I have no problem understanding the basic meaning of conversations that I've overheard in Dutch and Frisian. I've never studied Dutch and Frisian or old English@@jornthendriks3550
Tough argument to make: "Japanese has borrowed from all kinds of languages, with English being perhaps the most prominent"
Try looking up Japanese "kango"-type borrowings for a very interesting topic!
"Grandchildren of siblings" is literally just 2nd cousins, 2nd cousins share the same great grandparents, meaning one of the grandparents of one person was/is the sibling of one of the grandparents of the other person.
Anglo-Frisian is absolutely NOT a member of the Low German language as shown here. Both do share a common ancestor language family in North Sea Germanic.
Yeah I tried to read some Scots and I could decipher every word it's really easy go try it
Surprised you did not mention (Anglo-Carribean) Patwa.
“Grandchildren of siblings” if my brother or sister were a grandparent, I would be a great-uncle, I believe.
Low Saxon is a living language mainly in Northern Germany and the north and east of the Netherlands. In Germany it's called Platt and in the Netherlands Nedersaksisch. It is a dialect continuum.
Frisia was along the coast from Danmark to almost France.
Not only Westlauwers-frisia.
Very interesting video , though it is one topic where one question answered leads to 10 more questions being raised. The reason that I had to react, is the fact that you mistakingly assert that Low Saxon is an extinct language, which is very much untrue; as a matter of fact, a couple of million of people still use it on a daily basis, mostly in the Netherlands.
One could argue that the study of the origins of modern English is a case study of how the evolution of languages should/ could be approached. It is based on the language of the Angle, Frisian and Saxon migrants to Britain in the 7th and 8th centuries; heavily influenced by both the French and Viking conquerors of Britain a few centuries later as well as being influenced by Low Saxon in the same period, since thiswas the Lingua Franca of the Hanseatic League / the cities around the North Sea. And it is irie how, after it becoming a global language, words like biryani and guerilla became part ofEnglish, too.
we just need to check for the culture / simple daily life of the ancient Brits
and the overseas cultures at the same time,
then you can see these words are related.. weather / food / cloths / numbers / animals. etc.
Second cousin (Norwegian and English analogy)
old english and frian almost speak the same language there are YT videos were a english man in old english speaks with a frisian farmer and they understamd eachother and can make a deal for a cow. its funny how frisian but also dutch have a link. but the dutch also have a link with german language and thats why they easily can learn english and german, even afrikaans the scottish have a lot of flemish descent so maybe flemish is even closer then dutch or frisian
I'm not an expert but I think that the double arrow line tojapan should point to the other side of the map.
Language most closed to English will be some code switched Indian language. Most educated Hindi speakers will start a sentence in hindi, switch to english mid sentence and end in english. Almost 70% words of this colloquial language is English.
No wonder some Indian TH-camrs who teach computer coding switch on and off to English.
My senior year high school English teacher had been a linguistics major and one day showed us a video of people speaking different dialects of English. That sorr of evidence can be distorted by picking and choosing what to illustrate (anecdotalism), but based on that video, Frisian was far more compehensible to me (near standard American [originally an Ohio-based dialect I believe] speaker with heavy exposure to nearby Southern USA dialect usage) than Northumbrian. I can only comprehend Scots with a good whiskey and thoughts of haggis, tatties, and neeps. Of course, it is possible to pick simple sentences and make Frisian sound more like "correct" English than abominations like Bostonian: "Good butter and good cheese is good English and Friese." (Drop the "r" sounds to be like the "Havad" miseducated like the self-anointed "elites" of New England.)
Great video! I'd heard of Frisian before but glad to know more now.
You're right that its a shame some people act like Scots isn't a language . Because the only reasons for doing so are linguiscism and classism.
The very idea that people who don't speak my language can tell me it dOeSnT eXiSt when I speak it every day is, quite frankly, bullshit
The thing is people try to justify that Scots DOES exist. But that it's just a variant of English. Failing to understand that English is NOT a parent to Scots. But instead that they are both siblings.
It's to easy for people to just say "That sounds like English, but wrong. It must be a bad English dialect". Which just makes me sad
0:49 - AMOGUS!