The Sun will turn into a Red Giant TWICE!
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 ก.ค. 2024
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Near the end of the Sun's life, it will expand into a red giant, but will it destroy Earth? To find out, we need to delve into stellar evolution, fusion, and hydrostatic equilibrium.
00:00 Cold Open
00:49 Mass of the Sun
01:50 Origin of the Sun
02:40 Hydrogen Fusion
03:58 The Desert Earth
04:50 Red Giant Phase
06:38 Helium Fusion
08:19 Summary
10:04 Outro
10:23 Sponsor Message
11:08 Featured Comment
Nick Lucid - Creator/Host/Writer/Editor/Animator
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3:36 "When the solar system was young, the sun was dimmer and cooler".
I can relate.
You used to be cool, sun. What happened?
@Phyrrus John Seno "remember it's okay to be edgy!"
Funny how humans as a species are at the inverse of the sun's brightness. As society grows, humans become ever more dim.
We are screwed. Either we fry or freeze.
@@hyundaisonata580 well we are gonna fry over in the earth than by
*O U R S U N*
We can't appreciate enough that we learn this for free.
You can buy Nick's book, which gets way deep into the math; you'll learn more and also support the channel. Be advised: SERIOUS math.
@@chuckoneill2023 I am a Physics Major. I will read his book after the graduation as he recommends it then. And also because I don't have that much time to learn tensor calculus more than basics of tensor.
This man is the most underrated youtube channel in my personal opinion, he's so funny, his videos are well edited, and his topics are interesting, and he's been uploading consistently for yeaaars now... I still don't understand why he hasn't got *at least* a million subscribers, seriously, i think something is wrong with the TH-cam algorithm
Exactly!!!
Here, I'm the 70th like
Me 3 years ago: “physics is boring. Physicists must be even more boring.”
Me after 3 years in the asylum: “PHYSICS! SPACE! CLONES! WOOHOO!!”
So damn true , but 1 year ago in my case😂
lol
This makes me happy :)
I mean I don't know what can be boring in physics
@@piotrgoacki9070 the school system makes everything look boring
_Reality is complicated and nuanced_
Ain't that the truth.
And in 5 billion years, people will look back and say, “Nick was right!, he correctly predicted the growth of the Sun!”.
Better start saving up for that starship then. I’m sure the payments will be, astronomical.
On the other hand, who'll collect when the bank is vaporized?
Just put one penny in a savings account, after a billion years of accrued interest there should be enough in there.
It should be possible to move the Earth further out in that timespan, or build sunshades. The techniques for doing so are well understood, but we currently don't have enough industrial capacity.
EYYYYYY
Yes, the cost will be out of this World!
*Sun expands once*
"That's a lot of damage! How bout a little more!?"
*Sun expands a second time*
_"Now THAT'S a lot of damage!!"_
Underrated comment
As an astrophysicist, this so accurate and simple at same time! It's not a semester-long course on stellar evolution, but still.
Just one thing: to be more precise stars are born when the proto-stellar cloud is wiped out (so basically when we start to see them) but at that point nuclear fusion is not yet started
*"...(so basically when we start to see them)..."*
Spoken like a true observational astronomer 😉
@@ScienceAsylum I'm not yet (some exams and thesis to go) but thank you! Really appreciated!
Huh?
Id like to know how many stars existes before our sun
@@personapromedio5117 that's an answer that no one would know. Milions, billions... Who knows?
What we know is that lots of them are still alive, and will die way after our Sun... Some have not pass their half life even if they were born 12 billions of years ago!
Free education in an understandable way, and was even more surprised you did all of the work from presenting to editing, even animating! Great job, I enjoyed this video from start to finish! 🌸
Sun be like, "I brought you into being, I can sure take you OUT!"
no, the sun didn't, the other planets are evidence of that
It didn't bring us into being, but clearly it can say: "After supporting you for so long time it is time for me to eat you."
To all those pointing out that the sun didn't create the planets... the solar nebula did. That's part of star formation. So now we are splitting hairs, all in the name of a joke for ___ sake.
@@russchadwell You obviously ment "for fun sake"? That's exactly what the jokes are for. Have a great day!
@@electronresonator8882 If you watch "how the universe works" it teaches you a ton. Lots of asteroids and comets came from Jupiter that created the Earth. Thanks for frozen comets we have oceans.
One day you'll be doing a cosmology video, say "let's start at the beginning," your AI won't do anything and will ask you what you mean by that exactly, and then you'll say "...ugh, I literally meant the Big Bang this time!"
Ahaha, I’m sure he’s doing that in the next video :)
lmao nice one
Hah
Plot twist: in a few million years or so a random star passes by the solar system and slingshots the Earth into the cold empty darkness of the universe, where the planet slowly freezes to death.
On a brighter note, I had Lasagna today I like Lasagna.
Mmmmm Lasagna
Lasagna is good.
Lasagna = delicious
But will there still be Mondays?
@@RS-ls7mm Of course, this must happen on a monday lol
Surprised this doesn’t have more views by now! Nicks videos are some of the best on TH-cam and are highly informative, but in an understandable way.
Video seems to be under-performing for some reason. Oh well 🤷♂️
@@ScienceAsylum I am sure it will pick up! I have found a few other TH-camr’s doing video title votes on TH-cam allowing their followers to pick the titles of their next videos. Maybe that would engage some of the masses. But maybe you already do this and I’m oblivious haha
@@prodan1352 I know Derek Muller has done this a few times, but the thumbnail people pick doesn't ever end up being the one people actually click on. Anyway, I changed the title and thumbnail again. We'll see if this one is better. (It's less negative.)
@@ScienceAsylum HI
I had a vague idea that stars do grow as they age but didn't knew that they expand and contract for some iterations before they eventually turn into white dwarf, as nick said in his previous videos "In reality there is always a deeper layer of understanding for just about anything".
Sometimes I can't help myself thinking - when someone is talking only about material stars - about 'the stars' on earth, the people in many branches of society.
"The Earth will be vaporized." So whose bright idea was it to put a giant nuclear fusion reactor in the center of our solar system?
Ok, you have my like.
Better than the centre of Cardiff.
Not in my backyard!
My bad, sry. It looked good on paper.
We should ditch nuclear and switch to solar power
“Assumingggg, we survive our own STUPIDITY!!”
Quote of the year!
Sort of a meaningless quote really. There's almost nothing humans can do that would cause a complete extinction
Bruh
@@maskettaman1488 oh yh what if another virus is created by us humans and we eventually go extinct due to that
@@adhityakrishnalal6078 "What if we did X that made humanity go extinct" my point is that doing X isn't really possible in the first place.
@@maskettaman1488 yh i understand i was getting to that point cos even if humans made a deadly virus there are natural mutations within most of us humans for eliminating the virus and survive its just like how insects get resistance to pesticides
I read about this in a textbbok when i was like 8. i did not understand the timescales involved and had my first existential crisis. then when the timescales involved were explained to try and calm me down, i had my second existential crisis..
now i love this shit.
the textbooks might tell different stories depending on when they were written
what kind of star becomes a dwarf cephid? How about a classical cephid?
The last time I was this early, the Universe wasn't transparent to photons yet.
you were great in goal for Chelsea
Last time I was this early the title of the video was "Will the Sun destroy the Earth?"
Lol
Just so long as Nick Lucid and the Science Asylum survive, I'm Ok with all the rest.
😡
As long as "the rest" doesn't include the possibility that we are already in the future and currently are just being simulated by a a hyper-intelligent AI based on Nick Lucid because someone was foolish enough to ask it about Roco's Basilisk.
@Ezra Steinberg
You realise that you are part of all the rest ?
I’ve finally been here long enough that when you say “fast” I’m waiting for “FAST FAST”
This channel is so great. You deserve 10 mil subs. People still sleeping on this. I really thought I knew the story about how the sun would consume the earth and you revealed several things I never heard or considered before. Thank you!
1:42 Whatever you do, don't stop that. That joke never gets old.
Edit: Well, cosmicly assured destruction has never seemed so interesting until now.
It never gets old
Just like the younglings
Have to agree. Its timeless.
Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
robert frost❤️
Hey that poem by Robert Frost. Fire and ice.
Back in 2010, I first got into astronomy, and through a book I got at a science museum on the sun, I first learned about it becoming a red giant, and I got really nervous. By the time I started the fifth grade that year I became fascinated and a little obsessed due to my Aspergers on the sun becoming a red giant. I’m still into astronomy 11 years later, and this will always be one of the fascinating things to learn about
4:19 assuming we survive our own stupidity ....THAT'S A HUGE ASSUMPTION
The interaction with the clone and his indignation about the earth... is priceless
Unless the Vogons get to it first.....
And they will. But first they will read you some of their poetry...
The paperwork wasn't filed in triplicate. It might be a while.
Will humans eventually evolve into another species from what we are today with in a billion years?
Natural evolution certainly would cause us to become different species. But, we are rapidly entering a period where we can control our evolution. The question is how much can we change and remain Homo Sapien with enhancements versus a new species. And, would our distant descendants even have an interest in remaining Homo Sapien.
Will they instead prefer to be one species, or specialize and differentiate into species like Homo Imponderables (weight less), Homo Lunarian, Homo Martian, and Homo Titanian.
Maybe our decendents will prefer simplified bodies that interface better with machines, and evolve to be cyborg.
@@kreynolds1123 - We control nothing, someone in power does maybe, but we do not. The result is (choose carefully):
1. Terminator scenario: AI takes over, humans annihilated.
2. Brave New World scenario: humans do not "improve" themselves (at least not significantly) with transgenia but downgrade most among themselves to make subservient castes for subservient roles.
3. The Day After Tomorrow scenario: all is destroyed by nuclear war "accidentally" (we have been already in the brink of that many times).
4. There's an eco-socialist revolution and we begin doing things differently in very radical ways, saving good old humans from the risk of extinction (and maybe other species too as accidental side achievement).
I want the fourth one but right now I'm almost sure it'll be either 1, 2 or 3 (all all three combined). :(
I mean, we do need that intergalactic highway fam.
Loved the clone's frustration.
8:24 "Reality is complicated and nuanced, ok?" is my main takeaway from this video.
"I have a book..." ;)
Thinking about things on this timescale really puts things into perspective. Like... you should probably forgive people (including yourself), allow yourself to enjoy things without feeling guilty for feeling good, and just be courageous and ask that person out.
8:03
You are now looking at Spongebob's eyes
That stifled laughter after saying "A sh*t ton of times." , was masterful.
This is high quality stuff. I pay way too much attention to moderate level astronomy stuff, but I've never heard of this.
6:37 "Not so fast."
Me: "FAST FAST!"
Not that fast. "FAST FAST!" is at least comparable to the speed of light.
Just crazy to think about all these insane things happening in the long-term. Here I am just enjoying mountain biking on the current earth. All I can say is good luck to future "humans"! You're gonna need it lol.
Oh s**t Spaceballs, there goes the planet.
What are the chances of impact from other celestial bodies in the same time frame?
To destroy the Earth
Asteroid impact
There are no asteroids big enough that could destroy the entire Earth. There are plenty that could end all life, but the Earth will still be intact.
I always learned that a star uses up all of its Hydrogen. But I learned today that it only uses up the Hydrogen in its core!
Yep! Only the tiny red dwarfs are capable of burning through _all_ their hydrogen. (And none of those have had enough time to do that yet. Universe is too young.)
cold open lol
btw the new intro looks sick dude
Thanks!
@@ScienceAsylumthanks for the heart nick
The thing that really blew my mind here is that this is the first time I'm hearing of a CNO cycle, so I immediately had to read up on that, because I didn't understand how the C N and O got there in the first place. As it turns out, you only need some Carbon-12 to start the cycle and even metal-free or very-low metallicity stars will slowly produce small amounts of Carbon-12 and once it reaches at least 10^-10 metallicity rate, it's enough to get the cycle started, whose rate the increases with temperature of the core as shown in the video. Learned something cool today.
Also, I didn't realize Earth would vaporize if engulfed by Red Giant's outer layers due to high temperatures. I thought its orbit would sooner start lowering rapidly due to a drag on those outer layers, making it fall into the core.
Cool video.
Red giant just big gobstoppers that release their flavours across the universe
Love the new intro, Nick. Also, congo on hitting 300k subs, you deserve every bit of this success. 😊
I am really going crazy that why the hell this guy isn't harvesting views I mean excluding the knowledge he does entertainment too simultaneously, you are really crazy (my type) 😂
If in roughly 100 years we could go from horse and buggy technology to landing on the moon. What kind of tech would we have in 1000 years? Stargates, warp drives, Chewy, a packet of Tim Tams that never run out?
At any rate your video is just cool man. Ten thumbs up!
None of the technologies that we have now violates the laws of physics. It is illusory to think that future generations will find a magical way to invent all these fantastic things. It's a cognitive distortion fueled by science fiction
Love that Nick mentions humans will have evolved after 1B years - critical and fascinating info. I imagine they'll have a generic record of all the different evolutionary steps. Maybe they could recreate our version if they so chose. Whacky.
I wonder how something like atmospheric drag from the nebula or later the outer layer of the sun might reduce the Earth's orbital velocity and thereby the circumference of its orbit?
>heat death ;_;
HI :)
Have you ever studied GR? It uses one of the most beautiful math I've seen
Gliese 710 would like to have a word...
Papa flammy is here
Too bad it still didn't happen
Every STEM channels are interconnected
Technically: We live inside the sun. The heliosphere
Technically: Our satellites are in the atmosphere. The exosphere
@@adarshmohapatra5058 Just to clarify: there is two divisions: 1) Convention [Human POV]: beyond 100 km is SPACE, below that, is ATMOSPHERE. The Karman Line, for legal and regulatory measures; aircraft and spacecraft fall under different jurisdictions and are subject to different treaties. Or, where is a country's upper limit?.
2) Real [Astronomy POV]: Naturally there's not exact division between atmosphere layers, instead it's a gradient. So, the limits are variables and diffuse.
The ESA/NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, SOHO, has shows that the geocorona extends well beyond the orbit of the Moon, reaching up to 630.000 km above Earth's surface.
So, yes. Our moon it's inside Earth's Atmosphere, the Geocorona.
@@KlaudiusL Cool stuff. Thanks for the info. Also yeah I agree that for all legal purposes the atmosphere ends at 100 km because we designated it to be so. But as you said, in reality everything is a gradient. Nothing ends abruptly. Even the space between galaxies is not completely empty of particles since matter and energy from the galaxies escapes to the intergalactic space. It's pretty interesting that the earth is in the sun's atmosphere. Seems like the atmospheres of all the heavenly bodies diffuse into each other, with not a clear boundary between any of them.
Thats a bit like "if i can see it, it means its next to me"
Another amazing informative video by Nick. Thank you, please keep it up.
I can't believe this channel hasn't already hit 1M subs ... soon ...
Idk, I'd say the fate of the Earth is pretty bright.
Nick - you're the best!! Simply the best and clearest explanation and visualisation of our sun's formation and life cycle I've seen! Makes what we learned in astrophysics so much clearer ! :) Ps - is no one going to mention the Sandworm at 4:08? 🦦😄 And Question Clone's look of horror at 4:14 😂😂
Wtf is that thing at 4:08
@@trevorheileson1567 a creepy creature maybe.
Sandworm? I thought it was a dolphin.
The clone on the left screen is like us. Asking questions of curiosities. 😂
I hope the earth doesn't get destroyed. I'm keeping my fingers crossed!
🤞
Hopefully when we merge with Andromeda we’ll be able to use a passing moving body to pull us into a larger orbit.
Now that’s some positive thinking!
After 1 bln years, Earth will become naturally unhabitable. But till that time we can become a type 3 civilization on the kardashev scale and control all-stars of our galaxy. Or maybe we can take over more galaxies.
@@SomeonEE123 you can't even exit your solar system with the current human life span so you need to be somewhat immortal to do that
Hello nick! Cheers from India!
A planet inside a star is actually a pretty cool concept.
Nice. Quite a couple of things I didn't knew (less complex stuff than a quadrupole moment tensor can be interesting to 😉👍).
Good idea to give an overview in the description!
Ooooh new animation for the intro! Looking good!
Thanks! I adjusted the outro to match too.
@@ScienceAsylum 😊😊
Me: *reads video title*
*Vsauce music plays*
EDIT: Aw, the video title was changed...
_...or will it?_
It's not grim. It's beautiful. 💫
At the end, yep, earth will be destroyed, no doubt about it. The real questions are not "if" but "how" and "when" it will end : inside the sun, torned appart by tidal forces of the sun, during the merging of the Milky Way and Andromeda, crushed by the Big Crunch, merged in one of the few black holes that could still exist, torned appart by the expension of the Universe ?
Ultimately, the only way to guarantee mankind's existence forever is if we reach absolute understanding and control of space, time and, above all, learning how to reverse entropy. That is the key. Honestly, we have so much time to figure this out that our own stupidity is far more likely to cause our extinction
@@matheus5230 That's optimistic. We may learn that reversing entropy is impossible...I mean, whatever tool we'd use, we would have to make dure it can reach the entirety of the universe, inclusion of the places we'll never see.
At best, we'll need to hop into a new universe, or create a new one.
@@watertommyz Yes, reversing entropy might be impossible. You presented another interesting option
ARRGH! Your "in the beginning" joke graphic perpetuates the myth that the Big Bang happened from a particular location!
It was a particular location, just not a particular location that exists anymore.
yeah, that particular location is called everywhere
@@LuisAldamiz ARRGH! No, the Big Bang happened across all of space. It's a particular location that was tiny, but now spans the entire observable universe and beyond. That location certainly exists. You're in it!
@@stcredzero - A tiny space is a particular location. It's just a particular location in the distant past that expanded to all locations (that we know of, observable vs actual universe conundrum) in present time. Our space used to be a particular location, a very tiny one and extremely condensed one. Else it would not have been the hyper-nuclear oven it was.
For greater clarity, in some modern interpretations of the actual extension of the whole universe (possibly infinite in both space and time), the BB happens at some locations in that infinite universe again and again. The details are of course murky, because we have no way of probing the various theories (which are nevertheless always trying to stay consistent with what we do know, they are not just fantasy worlds).
Whats the difference between an infinitesimally small spacetime and a particular location or point.
Relativity and language works in weird and wonderous ways.
2:15, The most interesting explaination of the creation of the sun. 🔥
Your videos are fabulous for many reasons, not least of which is the clarity of explanations for all the physical processes described. Thank you.
The sun be like “wanna see me expand out to earth’s orbit and back? Wanna see mr do it again?” (Meme refrence)
Amazing content every time! I wish my teachers could make learning this interesting and comprehendible.
You know we can preserve the Earth's oceans during that time by creating a giant space shades that filters through just enough light to keep the Earth's temperature where it pretty much is right now.
They Might Be Giants reference. I love to see it
"Some say the world will end in fire,
Some say in ice.
From what I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with those who favor fire.
But if it had to perish twice,
I think I know enough of hate
To say that for destruction ice
Is also great
And would suffice.
"
Love the trip to astronomy land! I really like the occasional foray outside of physics. Keeps things interesting.
Just wait til you see the next video 👍
Can't wait!
the earth will not be destroyed
Yay
Nah, solar corona friction could slow earth’s orbital speed down until its speed become too slow and sun’s gravity would pull the earth in
@@user-xr6xi5ym6e aw :(
Finally someone who clarifies the three red giant phases: red giant branch (small red giant), horizontal branch (yellow giant), and asymptotic giant branch (large red giant).
9:38 that’s kinda funky
As always very informative! Love your videos they are entertaining and always informative..glad you did some astronomy it's one of my fav subjects...crazy for life!
Glad you liked it! 🤓
Thanks again. The timeline for the end left me with a question - how long did it take for the sun to become a star? Millions of years? or was it billions?
I'm pretty sure it took 100s of millions of years for that initial collapse to form a star.
Finally Science Asylum is at exactly 300K follwers
Thanks for your free KNOWLEDGE!!! You deserve more views and suscribers~!
Hey Nick, great one! Can you make an episode with explanation of how exotic elements are brought into existence?
You travel to exotic places and buy them. They're most often hand crafted by natives. Or imported from China. You're welcome!
Those heavier than Iron? In massive stars, those with a mass of 10 sun's or higher, hydrogen is fused into heavier elements. Helium first, and then carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and eventually iron. Iron marks the end of this fusion process, since it needs energy to fuse, lighter elements release energy when fused. When the mass of iron reaches a critical mass, about 1,44 times that of our sun, the star explodes as a supernova. The core collapses, forming either a neutron star or black hole while the rest of the star is blown away. The explosion produces a lot of neutrons. The heat and pressure from the explosion combined with the neutrons causes the atoms produced by the fusion process to absorb neutrons. The supernova basically goes through one last fusion process where the atoms such as carbon, oxygen l, nitrogen and others to fuse and absorb neutrons, producing elements heavier than iron.
When two neutron stars collide, the merger gives the neutrons a positive or negative charge, forming protons and electrons. These combine with remaining neutrons forming some of the really heavy elements such as uranium.
Fans noticed the new intro😋😋😋
3:36
missed the chance to put on sunglasses 😎
I remember when I was seven I freaked out when I learned about red giant and death of the sun. My parents still mention it from time to time. And I'm 33 now
All parents are like that 🙄
Nick! I must commend your content, its depth and your unique presentation style. Ultimately, your video always put me in a contemplative state for a long time as I always watch your new videos at noon (acc to my local time) with sippin' my coffee. I've been subscribed to you for more than 1.5 yrs and the way your content and videos have shaped and evolved my extent of knowledge and perceptions are beyond the words!
The ending part ~ 9:00 of this video scares me as I visualise if it real the entire earth including most of the remains of organisms (incl we stupid hoomans) will eventually vapourise when red giant sun engulf us; if fate is with our future, evolved generations then, they will surely witness their ancestral planet's final demise!!
:(
I try to be optimistic about it. A billion years is a long time. We'll probably have left by then.
Thanks for your upload!
You know what Arnold Schwarzenegger said in _Total Recall?_ "Get your ass to Mars."
I laughed so hard at the clone’s frustrated look towards the camera at 7.48
Would the earth and the rest of planets orbit continuaully change as the sun morphs to these varying states?
Gravitational pull from the Sun should be roughly the same (or slightly decreased at most) but it's an n-body problem with lots of incognites, like, for instance, will another star pass near us and alter all orbits? In any case chances are that it will go badly for our little blue marble.
the radius (distance from sun) and period (length of year) of a planet's orbit depends on the mass of the sun and the speed of the planet. if the sun's mass gets lower then that will increase the radius and period of all the planets' orbits.
@@MusicalRaichu - The exact opposite, I believe.
@@LuisAldamiz oopsy thank you i forgot gravity also changes
All the orbits will change _a little bit_ because the Sun is expelling mass in that last stage.
I just hope in a billion years, we human will be smart enough to be able to move the earth orbit, like some kind of space engine or thrust. problem solved!
Yes, if could work out a way to borrow some of Jupiter's angular momentum to tow earth to a cooler orbit. Maybe shift Mars to a more eccentric orbit and get the momentum that way. Just have to hope there are no accidents along the way.
@@jimgraham6722 recommend u to watch the movie the wandering earth.
Hmmm. Maybe this happens anyway, the sun loses mass when it gets bigger
Actually the sun's intense atmospheric pressure might drag earth closer to the sun's again and it will explode before it even enters the sun
Nice and very clear, I like the reactions of question clone very funny, reminds me of my students and I will be getting them to watch this.
So, I learned that the sun is worth less than a thousand dollars. And planets are ridiculously cheap.
I learned in _An Inconvenient Truth_ that the rulers of the fossil fuel industry chose massive bars of gold over the Earth.
Amazing clone acting today! Fabulous!
Sadly I fear we will destroy ourselves long before the sun will get its chance.
The sun may have a chance of getting away with the kill, if it soon enough bring us something that dwarfs the Carrington event
2:40 - Celestial Clone? (alternate name: Apotheosis Clone)
Great explanation.
Thanks! 🤓
I was unaware that the red giant phase happens twice. Thanks. I really enjoy learning about space :) have a good day.
So, one correction, the sun won't just expand and collapse twice like that, but rather several times as it will eventually become an Asymptotic Giant Branch star. A star in its AGB phase undergoes multiple thermal pulses and dredging events, causing it to pulsate rapidly (by stellar evolution timescales, anyway) before the star eventually sheds its outer layers and becomes a white dwarf. There's also a low likelyhood that it will further evolve into a second subgiant phase and then a second AGB phase due to a late thermal pulse, effectively causing it to turn into a red giant from a non giant phase three times in its lifetime. This is how hydrogen-deficient white dwarfs form, as the last of the remaining usable hydrogen is consumed rather than forming a thin shell around the stellar remnant.
That third phase might actually be good, since it means even more of the sun's mass would be shed.
No worry, let's bring the Sun at the hydrogen station for a tank refill before 1bln years
We could throw Jupiter in for a few years worth?
@@alphagt62 with 0.1% of the solar mass, let's build a Jupiter canon!
It's really hard to be a good teacher. You my friend are a good teacher and I'm sad that I'm not a student in one of your classes.
PS- is that chapter/timestamp thing new? I like it!
The "chapters" thing has been around since May (I think). I've only just started using it.
Rewatching this, I can't believe I missed the TMBG song reference toward the beginning.
My boy earth will definitely survive
:)
I like the optimism.
This is a good one.