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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 23 ก.ค. 2024
- Forams are microscopic invertebrates that can be very useful in reconstructing paleoclimate (namely, paleotemperature), paleooceanography, paleobathymetry, and depositional environment (which is helpful in the search for oil). This video covers the systematics / classification, ecology, anatomy, reproduction, morphology, and evolution of foraminifers. Foraminifera are single-cellular protists and can be separated into two major groups based on living behavior, planktonic and benthic forams. Planktonic forams live in the water column and fall to the seafloor when they die. Benthic forams live on or in the seafloor. Planktonic and benthic forams have different morphologies and therefore can be easily told apart even in the fossil record. Another important distinction to be made among forams is their wall structure and composition. Foram walls (the walls of their tests or skeletons) can be calcareous (porcelaneous or microgranular), hyaline (glassy silica), or agglutinated (non-calcareous particles). They can also be distinguished between microspheric and megalospheric forms (aka: asexual and sexual forms) because they alternate generations. One of the most important groups of forams is Fusulinida. The fusulinids lived from the Mississippian to the Permian periods during the later Paleozoic. These fusulinids are great index fossils in that they have a short time range, distinctive morphology, and were geographically widespread and abundant during their reign. Fusuliniid wall structures showed clear evolutionary trends which are covered in this video as well. Lastly, the evolution of foraminifera, especially planktonic forams, shows cool trends, such as iterative evolution (repeated evolution) contradicting the rule that evolution cannot be repeated or reversed!
References:
Prothero, D.R. (2013). Bringing Fossils to Life: An Introduction to Paleobiology. Third Edition. Columbia University Press: amzn.to/383FuYX
Shout out to Dr. Jenny Rashall and Dr. Merlynd Nestell for their contribution to my knowledge on the topic of forams and paleo in general!
GEO GIRL Website: www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, and donate to support the channel if you'd like!)
0:00 What are forams?
1:07 Planktonic vs. benthic forams
2:38 Why study forams?
3:51 General foram ecology
5:11 Foram reproduction
6:58 Specific foram ecology
12:00 Foram test morphology
18:18 Foram classification
19:57 Fusulinids !
27:58 Foram evolution
31:45 Upcoming content!
32:36 Bloopers!
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www.larubiscoeslomas.com/wp-c...
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alchetron.com/cdn/cercozoa-da...
image.shutterstock.com/image-...
media.springernature.com/orig...
media.springernature.com/orig...
www.bgs.ac.uk/wp-content/uplo...
foraminifera.eu/singimg/sacca...
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi...
www.brett-metcalfe.com/teachi...
inyo2.coffeecup.com/kansasfoss...
c1.staticflickr.com/3/2943/15...
www.thefossilforum.com/uploads...
slidetodoc.com/lecture-8-subo...
link.springer.com/referencewo...
Figures from book: www.amazon.com/Bringing-Fossi...
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Hey guys! I have a correction about the hyaline forams, they are not actually glass (silica) they are just glassy textured calcite! My bad, sorry for the confusfion, hope this helps, and thank @Kyron 66 for catching my mistake! ;D
Pls can you make a video on ostracods
Never heard of these creatures so I guess it’s better time that I learn!
I ❤️GEO GIRL
You amaze me! I always thought the only people who would watch these types of videos would be students trying to pass an exam, but your curiosity about these topics and desire to watch these videos just makes me so happy! ;)
Thank you VERY very much for all your videos! I went into mathematics and physics in my cursus but paleontology (and nature in general) always have been one of my greatest interests, and with you I feel like I am taking real paleontology classes - without all the harrassment of needing to pass a degree at the end ;-D
I love the very wide list of subjects you depict, each of your vids I watched helped me gather and organize my own knowledge into more structured and chronological events and facts.
To give you a basic example, I always knew since childhood there were multiple mass extinctions, but only since one of your vids I saw a couple weeks ago was I able to precisely pinpoint the others apart from the two major and most "popular" ones! Of course I could have forced myself to learn all by myself, but your vids made me WANT to know. And keep.
Thanks so much for the comment, I am so glad you have found my videos helpful and enjoyable ;D It makes my day that my videos made you WANT to know these things, that is awesome!!
Geo Girl, Thank you for this and all your videos--especially the organic/life topics. I love them. I was a bio major at UO, '79.
Today, July 4th, I was watching Foraminifera while at the gym, with Wimbledon on the elliptical screen--always weights first!
Which ties into your blouse. Stars 🌠. 4th of July 🚀. I like it. It looks good on you.
Running beneath the surface of this video and all your life form videos is the tremendous and dedicated work done by all the scientists and biologists who study and codify all these extinct animals. It is mind boggling the intricate anatomic detail including the myriad byzantine Greek anatomic terms. What is even more inexplicable, in my mind, is how many fossil hunters and paleontologists are there in the world, how many years have they been doing this, and how miles have they covered?
Nice shout out to your TA!
Best Wishes,
MikeE
Nature is even more amazing than i could possibly imagine.
I was curious about forams and found this video! Thank you!
You're very welcome! So glad you enjoyed this video, it's one of my favs. Gotta love these tiny organisms! :D
Can I just say how thankful I am for your videos !!!
Can I just say how happy I just got by reading your comment !! Thanks so much, I am so glad you find my content helpful! 😁
An awesome video, thanks for making this knowledge available for all of us in a fun and instructive way.
Thank you so much for this video. Ever since I listened to Dr. Joan Bernhard talk about these little critters while she was on EV Nautilus last year I've been obsessed in wanting to learn more about them, but unfortunately it's hard to find any text on them at the library, in my area at least (Books be expensive). They are so cool, and honestly I had no idea existed until just last year. :')
I know right! You'd be surprised how many people have no idea they exist! (And yes, unfortunately books do be expensive lol)
outstanding. thank you very much!
You should be getting more views and probably will. Have been looking at earth science stuff on YT during lockdown. Oxford natural history do great lecture s and talks. Your work complements it spot on . Great channel .
Thanks so much! I started it just to post the lectures I need to make for my students anyway, I never imagined people would watch it for fun, but I am so glad that some people are! :D
Nice 👍 video
Awesome 🤩🤩
great video! this channel is underrated.
Thank you so much! You are so sweet :D
Geo girl, I can’t find your diatoms, radiolarians and coccolithophores video
Congratulations for 1k subscribers ❤️❤️❤️❤️
Thanks so much!
I will recommend this video for my undergraduate students
Oh my gosh, I am so glad you think it will be good for your students :D That is music to my ears, thank you!
I really appreciate you.
Let me go and search for the videos on diatoms and dinoflagellates 😊
*University of Pennsylvania* paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope for example,
stated that embryological development occasionally accelerated to create new stages of organization.
Some of the new stages related directly to environmental pressures:
the organism consciously strove to adapt itself by means of its "growth force."
Other new stages reflected more formal patterns of development.
Cope also integrated his evolutionary views into a broad, religious philosophy.
A universal consciousness, he believed, guided evolution and ensured its progress.
439 UHM class Darwinian Revolution
My European brain: since the heck when is a football shaped like that?! Oh, wait...
Hahaha! Oh my gosh, I didn't even think about that, my bad! I should've thought about my international audience given you guys make up over half of my audience. My american professor taught it to me that way, so that's what I thought of in the momment haha. But you can also think of them as looking like little rice grains. ;)
@@GEOGIRL no worries, I'm moving there in 3 months anyway 😉👍
Hello! thank you for your video ! I'm studing paleo too and your video are really helpfull :)) I'm french and I have an english presentation ( that why my english is so bad lol), I want to know if i can take some of your picture in this video for my presentation ? Have a good day !
Hi Sarah! Thanks for the comment, I am so glad you found the video helpful :) You can absolutely use the pictures for your presentation, the image links are all in the video description ;)
@@GEOGIRL thanks you 🥰🥰
Thank you it was useful
I studying from this video
So glad you found it helpful! :D
Thank you for a great content 👍
Of course! Glad you like it :)
I like your videos, and think they are informative. Something to check, hyaline forams are not made of silica, they just have a glassy look due to the arrangement of calcite crystals.
OMG, thank you so much for pointing this out! It must of been the word glassy that tripped me up, I will pin a comment so people know. Thanks again, I really appreciate you catching this!
But how they develop calcite shell I mean that they excrete something or they just take it from environment
Yes, they excrete their calcite shells (or tests) by using ions that are readily available in the water they live in. Calcium cations (Ca2+) and carbonate anions (CO32-) are present as dissolved ions in the ocean, these organisms utilize these ions to precipitate their skeletons. How to they take the ions from the environment and put them to use? Well it is the same way we eat food and use some of those nutrients/energy to build our own skeletons when we are growing as humans. For example, the calcium we consume will help build the Ca-phosphates in our bones, this similar to how marine organisms grow their own skeletons, it is just different in that theirs is on the outside of their body. Hope that makes sense! ;)
thanks you so much😊
Thankyou so much ! was searching for something like this
You're welcome so much! :D Thanks for the comment ;)
Amazing
Thank you! Glad you enjoyed. :D Foraminifera is not a topic I thought so many people would enjoy haha, but so far this video has surpassed my expectations!
Www amazing video
Thanks🤗
Of course! So glad you found it helpful! :D
Life of foraminifera??
Where is upcoming video of ostrocods ?
The material that turns the Colorado river into a drill ;
" FORAMİNİFERA "
Kolorado nehrini Her iki senede bin senelik tarih yazan bir kaleme çevıren materyal...
( 4.000.000 senede 2.000.000.000 senelik jeolojik tarihin baş aktörü )
Have a nice day Rachel ...
♥️
Can you bring a presentation on radiolaria?
I need help with it.please😊
Haha, you are the person I needed. I was slacking on making that lecture because I was like, no one is asking me for that topic so no one is going to want to see it, but now here you are! I will get working on it now ;)
If you want a little bit to hold you over, this video has a tiny bit about radiolarians in it, just skip to about 9:45: th-cam.com/video/eKWceso8Uuc/w-d-xo.html
@@GEOGIRL tbh they're the prettier clade
You are saying they are football shaped, but they seem more like rugby shaped if i am not wrong...
Yep! Absolutely, sorry I meant american football, but should've been more clear. Rugby is a great way to describe their shape ;D
is slide are available?
You can check out the slides at my instagram page @geogirl_gram :)
V. Good, do you have video about how to prepare foraminifera species from carbonate rocks espicially limestone
I am studying master degree on foraminifera and i need help, on preparation🤗
What do you mean prepare? You mean how to isolate the Forams from the limestone?
Yes isolate by picking friend🙂
What do you mean picking? Sorry, I am not a foram expert😅
I can't find the steps how to isoalte forams
Hi I am Geo boy from Nepal….
Hello! So glad you found my channel, I hope you enjoy it ;D
Please answer:
Question: Largr Benthic Foraminifera became abundant in diversity and quantity since:
(a) Cretaceous
(b) Eocene
(c) Oligocene
(d) Carboniferous
(Only one option is correct)
Oh, I am not actually sure but I would have to go with Carboniferous since I believe that was the first time they diversified (they did again later, but the carboniferous is particularly known for large fusulinid forams). Hope that helps ;)
Please tell me answer:
Question: Foraminifera were widely distributed in which of the following periods ?
(a) Cambrian
(b) Carboniferous - Permian
(c) Tertiary
(d) Jurassic
(Only one option is correct)
Oh gosh, I hate to say Carboniferous again, but I am going to have to go with Carb-Permian since they are excellent index fossils for that time range, hope that helps ;)
These are Indian university questions
I've seen an ant hill made of fusilinids.
Wow, So cool! :D
benthic foram gang gang !!
YES!!
All the Cretaceous planktonic Foraminifera extincted, however the relation between heterohelix and Gumbelitaria cretacea is not confirmed and never support evolution...
Oh, interesting! I will have to go look up those as I am unfamiliar with those exact species, but thanks for sharing, I appreciate the insight and will look into it! :)
"the relation between heterohelix and Gumbelitaria cretacea is not confirmed and never support evolution..."
Rhetorical question: What do they support; Creationism or giant aliens that built the pyramids using tweezers?
Anyone can answers:
1. Large benthic foraminifera became abundant in diversity and quantity since: _________
2. Foraminifera were widely distributed in which period_______________
3. foraminifera fossils is found in Ladakh and Kashmir___________
4. larger benthic foraminifera serves as index fossils for shallow tropical carbonates of Late Palaeozoic sea______
5. Examples of Abyssal benthic foraminifera___________
6. Examples of Bathyal benthic foraminifera___________
7. Examples of Tropical planktic foraminifera_____________
8. Examples of Polar planktic foraminifera_____________
9. Example of Planktonic foraminifera is a well-established monsoon proxy__________
10. Planktonic foraminifera which is characteristic of the Cretaceous period:_______________
Evolution: "A funny thing happened on the way to the foram. Fusilinids!"
Sorry. I'll see myself out.
16:13 they just wanted to be extra