Joke- Question: What't the difference between ignorance, apathy, and indifference? Answer: 'I don't know, I don't care, and it doesn't matter to me one way or the other!' Kudos to the author of this for creating such a memorable way for people to understand the difference between the meaning of these words. "Communitacation is the problem to the answer." (70s song lyric) Understanding the meaning of words is a key to clarity in communication - and mutual understanding.
For those people who say quarters aren't magnetic, I suggest you search for eddy currents. If you pass a magnetic field over aluminium, it becomes temporarily magnetic. This applies to other metals as well.
to understand "the hard problem of consciousness" first we must understand the roles that physical processes play in creating consciousness and the extent to which these processes create our subjective qualities of experience.
Like she said, you can't apply it without people knowing, and the effects really are small. For movement, all we're able to do is make those twitch-like reflective movements, since fluid, full movements are controlled by much more than just the primary motor cortex. The brain is one big organized network, not multiple blobs of activity doing their specialized job apart from all other specialized blobs. Which is why I'm sceptical of what she said here, but I guess I'll just read her articles and see if she had to simplify stuff for this talk :)
I really do hope that This knoledge is never used for evil. I love TED and how at the end they thought about the same thing :) I wish that I could attend all of these events it would make me so happy to be in the same room as all of these people who have inspired me to do think better these past two years. Thanks TED I love you guys
What? Do you mean at 9:57? The labels are correct there. "Attempt" is when the girl thought the powder was poison and was ATTEMPTING to poison her friend but was using mislabeled sugar. Second column was labeled as "Accident" because the jar was marked sugar and the girl ACCIDENTALLY poisoned her friend by putting poison in her coffee when she thought it was sugar. Even her later graph at 12:46 is still correct... perhaps you should watch it again, Deepmind, it made perfect sense to me.
No one can read another's mind. However, it's possible to figure out what someone means by what they say or do, by their known track record. Example; you can know the health status of a tree by the quality of its fruit, it's called context. Also, it's possible to INTUITIVELY grasp the true nature of strangers, ie, good or bad? But, only time will tell if you're correct; again, think context.
(cont...) it is these types of hiccups of the mind, that can be exploited to make people easier to hypnotize. This is why hypnotism stage acts are very popular. The very act of being on stage and being under that kindof mass pressure, allows a skilled hypnotist to more easily influence you. See also: The Eriksonian Handshake. Try interrupting someone while they tie their shoelace, their mind goes momentarily blank. I just thought i'd mention this, coz it's one of those interesting connections
10s of thousands. It's a variation on the Sally-Anne test, used as one test to help determine developmental norms and is part of the tools used to distinguish abnormal child development. Numerous double blind examples of the test have been performed and consistent probabilistic results are obtained. So either the majority of 3 years olds think it's a trick question and respond the same or they really don't grasp it yet because they have not developed enough memory experiences/neural connections.
I think he's hoping for a nice solid explanation to "If our brains are so modular, in what part of our brain is our "consciousness" stored/experienced?" If she could point to a brain picture and say "right there!" it would have made him very happy. Unfortunately it doesn't seem like we're there yet. If you're unfamiliar with the concept. Browse the wiki article on "Hard problem of consciousness", and some related articles like "Qualia" and "Philosophical Zombie".
I think that's kind of the point. Those with a developed RPTJ (did I get that acronym right?) will correctly see the person as not being at fault. Those who have less function or disrupted function in this brain region, will "incorrectly" assign blame, just like the younger 2 children "incorrectly" assigned blame to the pirate who took the other pirate's sandwich without being able to know whose was whose.
She already said Uh oh when the pirate picked up the other sandwich implying that it was bad and wasn't his to the three-year-old. She already instilled an idea in his head, not saying he didnt come to the conclusion on his own that taking the sandwich that wasn't his was bad but she instilled an idea.
To be fair, this is an adapted version of the sally-ann task, another way of measuring theory of mind in children. Almost all other research on the ToM development in children show roughly the same results of not developing ToM until at least five years of age, and "adult-like" moral reasoning until the age of seven/eight. So even though she may or may not have instilled an idea in that child, she does have the other articles to back her up :)
I'm interested to see what would happen if you put extremely analytical people though the same experiment. I'm talking f.ex. skeptics or free-thinkers that are also versed in abstract logic and philosophy, like scientists or engineers. Also people with Asbergers, or people who are sociopaths. I like to think in terms of ethics rather than morals, and consciously take a mental step back view such decisions as logic problems. I'm not sure if this means i don't use my RTPJ as much, or that i incorporate it into a larger network with the prefrontal cortex.
And why is this scary? Like she said, it is impossible to deliver these specific magnetic pulses without the person knowing. And even then the effects only last for a very short time.
I know this is off topic for some of you here! but really it amazing ( our mind ) so amazing that is hard to believe its just a natural coincident , there is a creator clearly and again our mind is not that great enough to understand its own creator , I think that the only thing that make sense of how amazing yet imperfect human mind is :)
She was incredible. I can remember a TIME magazine cover in January of 1990 that declared it the "Decade of the Brain". - It wasn't so. Here, almost 20 years later we're finally getting great research done by great minds to better understand ourselves.
I expected at least a few words about mirror neurons,empathy and the ability to tune into other people's emotions....emotions are also electrical, chemical reactions and can be traced, affected....and they are mutually dependent with out thinking...mutually inclusive, that is....that's why this is a kind of incomplete study....idk....maybe I'm wrong...
You're not wrong, but it is very, very difficult to test such a broad hypothesis. Even with the newer methods such as rTMS it still is nearly impossible to accurately stimulate a part of the brain, and then get a result you thought you would get. Also, a little insight on mirror neurons, they probably do not function the way most people think they do. We cannot know for sure, since it is unethical to experiment on humans the same way we did on the monkeys in which we found them. And since monkeys are different from humans, the mirror neurons might also work in very different ways. We found them in humans mostly in the motor areas, and some in the area associated with language (Brodmann 44, Broca's area). But how they relate to empathy, emotions, imitative learning, or simply perception-movement binding we have no clue. Mirror neurons are weird, misunderstood, and probably not the holy grail of neuroscience.
Am I the only one who noticed Imogen Heap sitting in the crowd?? It is definitely her! It's hard to tell on youtube, but if you go to Huffington Posts version of the video you can easily see it!
I suspect that some people weren't really paying close enough attention and thought that, in the accident scenario, Grace thought the powder was sugar despite it being labeled as poison, rather than because it was then labeled as sugar. I got a little lost when she described it, myself, needing to watch it again.
I see your point for the sake of this question: "Is a mind - separated from it's usual bath of blood-transported hormones - the same mind?" Possibly not. However I take issue to you saying that "the brain is NOT the root of all cognition" for this reason: When a person's spinal cord is damaged - in what demonstratable way does this change their personality and/or cognitive functions? What organ, when destroyed/removed, will fastest cease the body's cognitive powers? The Brain - instantly.
quite probably some RTPJ are a bit bigger or smaller than others. but most are pretty much the same. what really differs is how specialized they are and how active they get when you give them these specific problems. you saw that in her talk. you also saw that the RTPJs must become specialized over time. this means that if a child is not stimulated to develope the RTPJ (ie because no contact to humans,child soldier,etc) then it will have a less developed RTPJ as an adult.
I gave this a thumbs up because I like the fact that our society is open enough still to have this kind of information at an open source level. Thumbs up for the disclosure, thumbs down for the endeavor. This is another freaking genie out of the bottle. Why??? Why?!! Why, are the genius types so resolute at tearing down every evident obstacle. I was groaning the whole time I watched this, nothing I approve of will ever develop from this. Mankind will'nt use this benevolently. How could we? NAIVE
@@tijan8948 neuroscience is a part of psychology. Psychology is more than clinical psychology. Psychology studies human behavior, whether it is functional or not. The cognitive neuroscience part of psychology is aimed at figuring out the underlying neurological roots of behavior.
Probably a combination of both. And thank you so much for asking this question. Neurology is usually content with the answer she gives in this lecture. Where's this function? In this area. Done. No more questions. Usually the brain and behavior develops through the mixture of genetic predispositions and the environment. This is why people with the same genes (identical twins) can end up having completely different personalities and in some cases only one of them having a severe disorder, while the other is completely functional. It has to do with the environment they were in, the foods they ate, the diseases they had, the amount of attention they got, and all those things. Psychology's still trying to figure out how that impacts the brain, how to screen for what kinds of backgrounds to identify risk factors and to help those people before they get a full-blown disorder. Probably, but it will be unethical to test because of obvious reasons, because we grow up in a social environment (humans are very social creatures), the brain adapts to the environment and creates a network which helps in social processing, since that helps the new human to adapt to its surroundings, to better predict what kinds of behavior will have good outcomes and which don't. As time develops, the brain matures, and the networks become more organized, it will understand the more complicated, cultural social norms and adapt to those again. And again and again until we have a culturally adapted brain to the specific social standards of the environment, able to reason from someone else's point of view. How and why, we still don't know, and how we can use this knowledge to help people with problems in self-other processing? The first babysteps have been taken but we still don't know. Sorry for the long reply 9 years after you posted this but I am currently writing a paper on self-other processing in the human brain and this talk shows some nice things but really irks me on others xD
Being an Asperger's-autistic the headline made me curious but I felt like a dyscalculia patient being told that people can calculate 1+1=2 The example problems can be solved using simple logic. You normal people probably are much better than this. That some/many people fail when their social part of the brain is messed with is probably because their habit is to not use logic for social problems and so they fail a bit (!) when that brain part is messed with a little(!) [is it really'little'?].
Who'd the idiot at the end asking Ms. Saxe about "hard problem of consciousness"? He seems more interested in showing people how smart he thinks he is. At least he didn't ask if Ms. Saxe had found the location for the soul. Why is he an idiot? The "hard problem of consciousness" is a philosophical question. Ms. Saxe is a hard scientist.
The three year old may have realised that both pirates were able to see both sandwiches, and that pirate #1 would have immediately figured out what clumsy pirate #2 probably did to #1's sandwich. I mean, that's where the sandwiches are normally put, right? So then it's not difficult for #2 to figure out. The three year old probably bites his sandwich before putting it down. So he will be able to identify the correct sandwich; he probably expects pirate #2 to too.
That sugar example reminds me of discussions about punishments such as death sentence. Many people beeing pro death sentence don't pay much attention to the criminals' motives and background. Might this be caused by a brain handycap...? Well, this is way too speculative to be taken serious but its just an idea :)
The interesting thing about this is that while this natural innate talent to sense other people's emotions is well... natural and innate. Autistics lack this natural ability. They have to build up all these ideas that we get so gracefully easy through logic and reason. As for psychopaths, they can sense our feelings, but they feel no threat of negative consequence... the better that they can exploit our emotions. :(
Other people do have minds, but we all share the same mind. The universe is a minded entity. All of us are reflections of the universe looking back on itself -IMO
The TMS example of RS responding to magnetic impulses on the brain could have been more impressive. If it had been a double blind example then neither the people receiving or administering the stimulus could know the result. Instead we the viewers see RS responding 1 to the magnetic impulses, 2 subconsciously to the sound impulses (placebo) or 3 consciously to the sound as a tag to pull the wool over our eyes. I did 5 minutes of digging and found 2 and 3 very unlikely. 11:00, example at 11:53
Most studies of TMS use both real TMS and sham TMS, in which the sham TMS is a thing that looks exactly the same, but just makes the clicking noise, no magnetic field involved at all. This helps to figure out the placebo effect and to check whether the effect in the real TMS group is due to the stimulation or not.
the magnetic pulse made the muscles in the hand contract to push the coin....but if you are talking about the first coin jumping off the machine then i agree with you it is confusing.....
I generally try to "play" on the believers side of the argument, and the definition of "soul" was meant to be conceptual since i dont believe in it. More like a "general concensus" of what believers understand as a soul. But since believers are usually contradicted by other believers i know im walking on a very thin floor, and using the a wiki definition is a poor effort, i know, so you are probably right.
Maybe a chip could be implanted into that portion of the brain. An artificial dedicated rTPJ. Since the brain seems so modular in function, perhaps such modular (ie: dedicated for specific localized functions, eg: the rTPJ) implants could work.
check out how voltage transformers work.. it could be the same "induction" that magnetises (dont know if that word exists) any metal placed on top of the machine. :)
There are mulitiple new studied done with rTMS in psychology. You could use the website of scihub to find free articles regarding the subject of rTPJ and social skills. I'm currently working on a presentation on the effects of rTPJ stimulation on social skills, moral judgements, and whether it has to do with attention or not. The rTPJ is also very active in controlled attention tasks, and when asked about that Rebecca did not answer that in a satisfying way. So I'm currently diving into articles myself :)
What puzzles me is how magnetic pulses have any effect at all. What does it manipulate, iron content in the blood..? Some kind of electric current flow...? Now I have to wonder if MRI's are possibly causing damage of some sort.
The magnetic pulses interfere with the magnetic field your brain is emitting by itself (because of all the teeny tiny electric stuff going on in your neurons). It either inhibits or excites those neurons, causing a temporary lesion of over- or underexcitability, impairing that specific brain area. It can have different effect for excitatory and inhibitory, depending on the part of the brain you're using it on.
This is scary... she states the limitations of the technology at the end, but how soon before those limitations are overcome and the technology is used for mind control?
That's because she is specializes in cognitive science and not psychology. Those are two very different fields of study. But you knew that, didn't you, you sneaky guy you?
Cognitive neuroscience is a semi-interdisciplinary subfield of psychology, in which you integrate psychological theories such as theory of mind and moral reasoning with the neurological part of where to find it in the brain. I'm a cognitive neuroscience student myself, and got there because of a bachelor's degree in psychology.
Isn't that essentially empathy, feeling what others are feeling? Did she say anything new or applicable? Cognitive development is reletively self explanatory, although the specifics might have some implications. The only thing I felt was new/profound/interesting what that the magnetic pulses could interrupt the brain function. I imagine that down the road, it could be done more surreptitiously even if not completely.
Theory of mind and empathy are both completely different things, depending on how you describe empathy. Some see theory of mind as a cognitive empathy, but then you could argue that it's not really empathy, because empathy wouldl imply that you feel the same as the other, not merely understand why they do things :) Stuff is very complicated, especially in the cognitive neuroscience domain.
Now I see why I didn't quite get what she was saying the first time I watched this... The labels under "Attempt" & "Accident" on the Causal role bar graph are switched. What it says under "Attempt" should be under "Accident" & vice versa. I wonder if Ms. Saxe ever became aware of this.
We are surrounded by magnetic forces with all the modern technology. Wonder how all of this effects us in the short and long terms. Seems more significant to me than what they are actually researching
I want to go back to school for researching development in children (especially language development) like this....but its so expensive to go back and I would have to quit my job probably :/ any advice?
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She's really good at answering questions to the point
Great talk.
You can really see how she had no difficulty keeping the whole talk structured, non-repetitive and smooth. That's intelligence.
Joke- Question: What't the difference between ignorance, apathy, and indifference? Answer: 'I don't know, I don't care, and it doesn't matter to me one way or the other!' Kudos to the author of this for creating such a memorable way for people to understand the difference between the meaning of these words. "Communitacation is the problem to the answer." (70s song lyric) Understanding the meaning of words is a key to clarity in communication - and mutual understanding.
I'm always amazed when I see TED videos.
It's wonderful and I hope to attend as a presenter someday...
Got a LONG way to go. :-P
The interviewer at the end is breathing so loudly into the mic haha
Haha came to the comments to make sure I was hearing correctly 😂😂😂😂😂😂
2009? I thought this was from the 90's by how it looks... Damn I feel old..
For those people who say quarters aren't magnetic, I suggest you search for eddy currents.
If you pass a magnetic field over aluminium, it becomes temporarily magnetic. This applies to other metals as well.
precise and understandable in explaining the topic, I learn a lot from this video
well, but white suger IS indeed poisen ^^
+straycat3286 With improper nutrition and medication, it's hard to implement the correct mental pathing.
to understand "the hard problem of consciousness" first we must understand the roles that physical processes play in creating consciousness and the extent to which these processes create our subjective qualities of experience.
Brilliant presentation!
And great finale
"... and then, after careful reconsideration, getting them wrong again."
:D
Ευχάριστη έκπληξη οι ελληνικοί υπότιτλοι! Ευχαριστούμε!
I'm more interested in controlling peoples movements with magnetic pulses.
Summoning mesmer
Like she said, you can't apply it without people knowing, and the effects really are small. For movement, all we're able to do is make those twitch-like reflective movements, since fluid, full movements are controlled by much more than just the primary motor cortex. The brain is one big organized network, not multiple blobs of activity doing their specialized job apart from all other specialized blobs. Which is why I'm sceptical of what she said here, but I guess I'll just read her articles and see if she had to simplify stuff for this talk :)
i have a boy who is 4 years and 3 months old, and i've noticed that he has JUST developed the skill described in this video. very cool.
What an interesting discovery, and a wonderfully delivered talk. Thank you
I really do hope that This knoledge is never used for evil. I love TED and how at the end they thought about the same thing :)
I wish that I could attend all of these events it would make me so happy to be in the same room as all of these people who have inspired me to do think better these past two years.
Thanks TED
I love you guys
Geez this girl is smart...I had to watch this one twice. Brilliant!!!
13:35 - It's good to know that the laughter guy from all those sitcoms in the 90's is still getting work
16:20 "It's not called the hard problem of consciousness for nothing!" Haha 13 years later and she is still right!
Love her sense of humor!
What? Do you mean at 9:57? The labels are correct there. "Attempt" is when the girl thought the powder was poison and was ATTEMPTING to poison her friend but was using mislabeled sugar. Second column was labeled as "Accident" because the jar was marked sugar and the girl ACCIDENTALLY poisoned her friend by putting poison in her coffee when she thought it was sugar. Even her later graph at 12:46 is still correct... perhaps you should watch it again, Deepmind, it made perfect sense to me.
No one can read another's mind. However, it's possible to figure out what someone means by what they say or do, by their known track record.
Example; you can know the health status of a tree by the quality of its fruit, it's called context.
Also, it's possible to INTUITIVELY grasp the true nature of strangers, ie, good or bad? But, only time will tell if you're correct; again, think context.
TH-cam is highly inconvenient for meaningful conversations. You know it.
Sent here becuase of a university class and was at first annoyed when i saw the length. It was riverting though. Well done!
(cont...)
it is these types of hiccups of the mind, that can be exploited to make people easier to hypnotize.
This is why hypnotism stage acts are very popular. The very act of being on stage and being under that kindof mass pressure, allows a skilled hypnotist to more easily influence you.
See also: The Eriksonian Handshake.
Try interrupting someone while they tie their shoelace, their mind goes momentarily blank.
I just thought i'd mention this, coz it's one of those interesting connections
10s of thousands. It's a variation on the Sally-Anne test, used as one test to help determine developmental norms and is part of the tools used to distinguish abnormal child development. Numerous double blind examples of the test have been performed and consistent probabilistic results are obtained. So either the majority of 3 years olds think it's a trick question and respond the same or they really don't grasp it yet because they have not developed enough memory experiences/neural connections.
I think he's hoping for a nice solid explanation to "If our brains are so modular, in what part of our brain is our "consciousness" stored/experienced?"
If she could point to a brain picture and say "right there!" it would have made him very happy. Unfortunately it doesn't seem like we're there yet.
If you're unfamiliar with the concept. Browse the wiki article on "Hard problem of consciousness", and some related articles like "Qualia" and "Philosophical Zombie".
she is so amazing
She didn't address whether the pirates would be able to recognize their own sandwiches by looking.
I think that's kind of the point. Those with a developed RPTJ (did I get that acronym right?) will correctly see the person as not being at fault. Those who have less function or disrupted function in this brain region, will "incorrectly" assign blame, just like the younger 2 children "incorrectly" assigned blame to the pirate who took the other pirate's sandwich without being able to know whose was whose.
She already said Uh oh when the pirate picked up the other sandwich implying that it was bad and wasn't his to the three-year-old. She already instilled an idea in his head, not saying he didnt come to the conclusion on his own that taking the sandwich that wasn't his was bad but she instilled an idea.
To be fair, this is an adapted version of the sally-ann task, another way of measuring theory of mind in children. Almost all other research on the ToM development in children show roughly the same results of not developing ToM until at least five years of age, and "adult-like" moral reasoning until the age of seven/eight. So even though she may or may not have instilled an idea in that child, she does have the other articles to back her up :)
The idea that our morale judgement can be influenced by magentic impulses is just scary!
I'm interested to see what would happen if you put extremely analytical people though the same experiment. I'm talking f.ex. skeptics or free-thinkers that are also versed in abstract logic and philosophy, like scientists or engineers. Also people with Asbergers, or people who are sociopaths.
I like to think in terms of ethics rather than morals, and consciously take a mental step back view such decisions as logic problems. I'm not sure if this means i don't use my RTPJ as much, or that i incorporate it into a larger network with the prefrontal cortex.
horrible
Not just moral judgement, but also our movement ability.
@@cathybing461 Yeah, but that's how technology works to use neurostimulation in treating severe movement disorders like Parkinson's though.
And why is this scary? Like she said, it is impossible to deliver these specific magnetic pulses without the person knowing. And even then the effects only last for a very short time.
I'm going to graduate school for neurophysics and I will solve the hard problem of consciousness.
how is that working out for you?
Have you solved it?
its been a while since we've had an educational presentation
I know this is off topic for some of you here! but really it amazing ( our mind ) so amazing that is hard to believe its just a natural coincident , there is a creator clearly and again our mind is not that great enough to understand its own creator , I think that the only thing that make sense of how amazing yet imperfect human mind is :)
She was incredible. I can remember a TIME magazine cover in January of 1990 that declared it the "Decade of the Brain". - It wasn't so. Here, almost 20 years later we're finally getting great research done by great minds to better understand ourselves.
the talk was average but i found the interview at the end very charming!
I expected at least a few words about mirror neurons,empathy and the ability to tune into other people's emotions....emotions are also electrical, chemical reactions and can be traced, affected....and they are mutually dependent with out thinking...mutually inclusive, that is....that's why this is a kind of incomplete study....idk....maybe I'm wrong...
You're not wrong, but it is very, very difficult to test such a broad hypothesis. Even with the newer methods such as rTMS it still is nearly impossible to accurately stimulate a part of the brain, and then get a result you thought you would get. Also, a little insight on mirror neurons, they probably do not function the way most people think they do. We cannot know for sure, since it is unethical to experiment on humans the same way we did on the monkeys in which we found them. And since monkeys are different from humans, the mirror neurons might also work in very different ways. We found them in humans mostly in the motor areas, and some in the area associated with language (Brodmann 44, Broca's area). But how they relate to empathy, emotions, imitative learning, or simply perception-movement binding we have no clue. Mirror neurons are weird, misunderstood, and probably not the holy grail of neuroscience.
there's something strangely satisfying with TMS. It's like a raygun, you can hold in your hand.
pyew pyew
shootin mind bullets
Am I the only one who noticed Imogen Heap sitting in the crowd?? It is definitely her! It's hard to tell on youtube, but if you go to Huffington Posts version of the video you can easily see it!
I seriously need to start padding my resume so that I can get invited to these talks and meet women like her...
I suspect that some people weren't really paying close enough attention and thought that, in the accident scenario, Grace thought the powder was sugar despite it being labeled as poison, rather than because it was then labeled as sugar.
I got a little lost when she described it, myself, needing to watch it again.
Who's inflating a bike wheel during question time? How rude.
I see your point for the sake of this question:
"Is a mind - separated from it's usual bath of blood-transported hormones - the same mind?"
Possibly not.
However I take issue to you saying that "the brain is NOT the root of all cognition" for this reason:
When a person's spinal cord is damaged - in what demonstratable way does this change their personality and/or cognitive functions?
What organ, when destroyed/removed, will fastest cease the body's cognitive powers? The Brain - instantly.
That was one very young MIT student. :)
Nothing like cutting-edge psychology based on the observation of pirates and their cheese sandwiches...
The guys last question was about the "Hard problem of consciousness", they are talking about the soul.
What a wonderful talk.
quite probably some RTPJ are a bit bigger or smaller than others. but most are pretty much the same.
what really differs is how specialized they are and how active they get when you give them these specific problems. you saw that in her talk. you also saw that the RTPJs must become specialized over time. this means that if a child is not stimulated to develope the RTPJ (ie because no contact to humans,child soldier,etc) then it will have a less developed RTPJ as an adult.
I gave this a thumbs up because I like the fact that our society is open enough still to have this kind of information at an open source level. Thumbs up for the disclosure, thumbs down for the endeavor. This is another freaking genie out of the bottle. Why??? Why?!! Why, are the genius types so resolute at tearing down every evident obstacle. I was groaning the whole time I watched this, nothing I approve of will ever develop from this. Mankind will'nt use this benevolently. How could we? NAIVE
I gave it a thumbs down because it is psychology not neuroscience
@@tijan8948 neuroscience is a part of psychology. Psychology is more than clinical psychology. Psychology studies human behavior, whether it is functional or not. The cognitive neuroscience part of psychology is aimed at figuring out the underlying neurological roots of behavior.
My Question: How does this region of the brain develops? By experiences and learning, or does is just grow when you age?
Probably a combination of both. And thank you so much for asking this question. Neurology is usually content with the answer she gives in this lecture. Where's this function? In this area. Done. No more questions.
Usually the brain and behavior develops through the mixture of genetic predispositions and the environment. This is why people with the same genes (identical twins) can end up having completely different personalities and in some cases only one of them having a severe disorder, while the other is completely functional. It has to do with the environment they were in, the foods they ate, the diseases they had, the amount of attention they got, and all those things. Psychology's still trying to figure out how that impacts the brain, how to screen for what kinds of backgrounds to identify risk factors and to help those people before they get a full-blown disorder.
Probably, but it will be unethical to test because of obvious reasons, because we grow up in a social environment (humans are very social creatures), the brain adapts to the environment and creates a network which helps in social processing, since that helps the new human to adapt to its surroundings, to better predict what kinds of behavior will have good outcomes and which don't. As time develops, the brain matures, and the networks become more organized, it will understand the more complicated, cultural social norms and adapt to those again. And again and again until we have a culturally adapted brain to the specific social standards of the environment, able to reason from someone else's point of view. How and why, we still don't know, and how we can use this knowledge to help people with problems in self-other processing? The first babysteps have been taken but we still don't know.
Sorry for the long reply 9 years after you posted this but I am currently writing a paper on self-other processing in the human brain and this talk shows some nice things but really irks me on others xD
Being an Asperger's-autistic the headline made me curious but I felt like a dyscalculia patient being told that people can calculate 1+1=2
The example problems can be solved using simple logic. You normal people probably are much better than this.
That some/many people fail when their social part of the brain is messed with is probably because their habit is to not use logic for social problems and so they fail a bit (!) when that brain part is messed with a little(!) [is it really'little'?].
I always think about this. I sometimes think of myself as the "ONE"
Who'd the idiot at the end asking Ms. Saxe about "hard problem of consciousness"? He seems more interested in showing people how smart he thinks he is. At least he didn't ask if Ms. Saxe had found the location for the soul.
Why is he an idiot? The "hard problem of consciousness" is a philosophical question. Ms. Saxe is a hard scientist.
Chris Anderson. Founder of TED
The three year old may have realised that both pirates were able to see both sandwiches, and that pirate #1 would have immediately figured out what clumsy pirate #2 probably did to #1's sandwich. I mean, that's where the sandwiches are normally put, right? So then it's not difficult for #2 to figure out. The three year old probably bites his sandwich before putting it down. So he will be able to identify the correct sandwich; he probably expects pirate #2 to too.
That sugar example reminds me of discussions about punishments such as death sentence.
Many people beeing pro death sentence don't pay much attention to the criminals' motives and background.
Might this be caused by a brain handycap...?
Well, this is way too speculative to be taken serious but its just an idea :)
haha very deep talk
PS :u can hear the guy breathin at the end haha hes so loud
Fascinating and I hope they continue their research and get the proper funding.
Proper funding to kill empathy. Be careful what u wish for
Now I would like to buy this Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device. It seems that you can have a lot of fun with it.
The interesting thing about this is that while this natural innate talent to sense other people's emotions is well... natural and innate. Autistics lack this natural ability. They have to build up all these ideas that we get so gracefully easy through logic and reason.
As for psychopaths, they can sense our feelings, but they feel no threat of negative consequence... the better that they can exploit our emotions. :(
11:10
1 install in a helmet
2 inhibit ability to empathize
3 order atrocities
Stunning lecture! Thank-you.
Wow. Guy at the end is one heavy breather....
Other people do have minds, but we all share the same mind. The universe is a minded entity. All of us are reflections of the universe looking back on itself -IMO
I really wish they edited out that breathing during question time.
The TMS example of RS responding to magnetic impulses on the brain could have been more impressive. If it had been a double blind example then neither the people receiving or administering the stimulus could know the result. Instead we the viewers see RS responding 1 to the magnetic impulses, 2 subconsciously to the sound impulses (placebo) or 3 consciously to the sound as a tag to pull the wool over our eyes. I did 5 minutes of digging and found 2 and 3 very unlikely. 11:00, example at 11:53
Most studies of TMS use both real TMS and sham TMS, in which the sham TMS is a thing that looks exactly the same, but just makes the clicking noise, no magnetic field involved at all. This helps to figure out the placebo effect and to check whether the effect in the real TMS group is due to the stimulation or not.
Is this RTPJ region different or smaller in adults with autism or other individuals in the Autism spectrum disorder?
Agreed, but remember, we have to be the first to know how to use this before our enemies do, hence, we become the enemy that we fear.
the magnetic pulse made the muscles in the hand contract to push the coin....but if you are talking about the first coin jumping off the machine then i agree with you it is confusing.....
That's a VERY good observation. I'm wondering the same thing.
I generally try to "play" on the believers side of the argument, and the definition of "soul" was meant to be conceptual since i dont believe in it. More like a "general concensus" of what believers understand as a soul. But since believers are usually contradicted by other believers i know im walking on a very thin floor, and using the a wiki definition is a poor effort, i know, so you are probably right.
I'm using this argument when people insult me over accidents
"The wind should be punished!"
Great as always.
I loved the part with the kids, I could actually FEEL their boredom! LOL
The brain is fascinating!
@Rhoky Very well put.
That sweet, smart and pretty Whedonesque lecturer suddenly becomes very scary at 11:07
what should I studie to become a neuroscientist?
Maybe a chip could be implanted into that portion of the brain.
An artificial dedicated rTPJ.
Since the brain seems so modular in function, perhaps such modular (ie: dedicated for specific localized functions, eg: the rTPJ) implants could work.
was that British music artist Imogen Heap in the audience at 13:37 and at 13:54, and again at 16:44? Just curious...
check out how voltage transformers work.. it could be the same "induction" that magnetises (dont know if that word exists) any metal placed on top of the machine. :)
i assure you that "Blaming the Victim" is just as common in our own culture.
This is almost ten years now. Is there an update?
There are mulitiple new studied done with rTMS in psychology. You could use the website of scihub to find free articles regarding the subject of rTPJ and social skills. I'm currently working on a presentation on the effects of rTPJ stimulation on social skills, moral judgements, and whether it has to do with attention or not. The rTPJ is also very active in controlled attention tasks, and when asked about that Rebecca did not answer that in a satisfying way. So I'm currently diving into articles myself :)
What puzzles me is how magnetic pulses have any effect at all. What does it manipulate, iron content in the blood..? Some kind of electric current flow...?
Now I have to wonder if MRI's are possibly causing damage of some sort.
The magnetic pulses interfere with the magnetic field your brain is emitting by itself (because of all the teeny tiny electric stuff going on in your neurons). It either inhibits or excites those neurons, causing a temporary lesion of over- or underexcitability, impairing that specific brain area. It can have different effect for excitatory and inhibitory, depending on the part of the brain you're using it on.
This is scary... she states the limitations of the technology at the end, but how soon before those limitations are overcome and the technology is used for mind control?
Fantastic talk!
At 13:54... Is that Imogen Heap in the audience?!
Very nice! Thanks
Her name is Grace and her intentions are at the mercy of others.
You had me at 'cheese sandwiches'... :)
i think she is the first women i listened to this long with CONCENTRATION
First problem: she labeled herself as a cognitive neuroscientist not a psychologist
That's because she is specializes in cognitive science and not psychology. Those are two very different fields of study. But you knew that, didn't you, you sneaky guy you?
micheal49 the Experiments she mentioned sound more like psychology.
Cognitive neuroscience is a semi-interdisciplinary subfield of psychology, in which you integrate psychological theories such as theory of mind and moral reasoning with the neurological part of where to find it in the brain. I'm a cognitive neuroscience student myself, and got there because of a bachelor's degree in psychology.
Chris Anderson is breathing!
Whats up on 2018? Any progress on this field?
Isn't that essentially empathy, feeling what others are feeling?
Did she say anything new or applicable? Cognitive development is reletively self explanatory, although the specifics might have some implications.
The only thing I felt was new/profound/interesting what that the magnetic pulses could interrupt the brain function. I imagine that down the road, it could be done more surreptitiously even if not completely.
Theory of mind and empathy are both completely different things, depending on how you describe empathy. Some see theory of mind as a cognitive empathy, but then you could argue that it's not really empathy, because empathy wouldl imply that you feel the same as the other, not merely understand why they do things :) Stuff is very complicated, especially in the cognitive neuroscience domain.
There is going to be a war between ppl who answered the phone call, and ppl who didn't. Dollhouse rules, but now the show became alot more creepier.
Now I see why I didn't quite get what she was saying the first time I watched this...
The labels under "Attempt" & "Accident" on the Causal role bar graph are switched. What it says under "Attempt" should be under "Accident" & vice versa.
I wonder if Ms. Saxe ever became aware of this.
We are surrounded by magnetic forces with all the modern technology. Wonder how all of this effects us in the short and long terms. Seems more significant to me than what they are actually researching
I want to go back to school for researching development in children (especially language development) like this....but its so expensive to go back and I would have to quit my job probably :/ any advice?