Why aren’t quantum computers everywhere, Mr. Feynman?
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 5 ธ.ค. 2023
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Feynman's 1981 speech (transcribed): s2.smu.edu/~mitch/class/5395/...
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Editing by Noor Hanania
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I just started watching all your videos last month while Im working full time on a multicore quantum compiler. Timing is sometimes just perfect, thank you for your excellent content :)
what is ths quantum compiler and whatts your job if you dont mind me asking?
@@ghfgxijaorgf5393 He makes compilers for computer languages into quantum machine code. Does what it says on the tin.
@@whatisrokosbasilisk80 summarized it pretty much. To note that im no expert in quantum physics, in the end the compiler itself is classical (written in cpp), but I think it's a nice way to enter this field, as I can learn quantum physics at my pace while contributing with my C++ skills
I remember Feynman's lectures on computation, it was so good. I didn't understand much :)
Thanks for the explanation...as someone from outside the field, this was the best explanation I've seen that wasn't too technical AND had great visualizations
This was both enlightening and entertaining. I'm well downstream from this channel's material, but always come away wanting to learn more.
I really enjoy to see/hear you!
Happy New Year, and a big hug from Brazil.
One small step for quantum and one giant leap for quantumkind.
Small step for A quantum! (Neil forgot to pronounce the A too)
I enjoy these mini documentaries! Very informative and well developed, thanks 😎
A really intuitive way to understand quantum computers is to understand that they are really good a Sudoku. Normally, you'd have to iterate through a sudoku puzzle, check each square to see what numbers it could be, if it could only be one number, collapse it and cross off all the other numbers, and repeat. A quantum computer would be able to represent each empty square as a qubyte, and would be able to collapse them all at the same time.
Problems like sudoku are called Constraint Satisfaction Problems and quantum computers are great at solving them. Another great example would be coloring a map. Normally you would have to color each state at a time watching out to make sure you don't run out of colors, but a quantum computer could almost instantly collapse the map to a coloring that satisfies the constraint that the same color can't be touching.
Graph theorists love quantum computers.
No way, is this real? That sounds too good to be true. I made a program in python to solve a sudoku using exactly the method you said (I just made a brute force solution). And time complexity wise it's pretty inefficient, cause I go through every cell, checking what numbers can be filled in it. And if any cell can be filled with only 1 number, I fill it with that number. It does it in under a second for the regular 9x9 grid, but would probably take way more time for bigger sudokus.
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But what you're suggesting is that it will keep track of all the cells using it's qubytes?? And collapse them all together? I'm not sure how that would exactly work and it sounds too good to be true, but if it works that would be a blessing.
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Also something like solving a sudoku would take almost a 100 qubytes, which I don't think any current quantum computer can do right now, right?
@@adarshmohapatra5058 You cannot simply collapse the qubit state like that, you need some kind of locking mechanism. You can do the same thing using conventional parallel programming over channels. Quantum computers cannot magically reduce the innate time complexity of an algorithm. They can only improve performance up to a linear factor. Wikipedia lists some algorithms where this factor is significant enough for quantum machines to make sense.
At the Feynman's time there still existed analogue computers, which did exactly what Feynman proposed though in the field of classical physics. An analogue computer could solve differential equations almost instantly. The problem with them was accuracy of elements and incompleteness, e.g. some simple problems where hard or impossible to solve. A square root element was the size of modern computer. Inaccuracy was caused by [thermdynamic] noise like in the quantum computers. The question of completeness is an interesting one. It boils down to whether modeling physical world is all you need from and for computing. It some sense it is, because a computer exists in physical world. But the size of the model could quickly become too large, as you explained.
Analogue technology is something people are interested right now. Back in the day, people wanted a general purpose machine because that was more commercially viable. It was easier to design digital systems that could be manufactured as scale, rather then a ton of analogue components.
Now, many companies like google are perfectly happy to use a less general and precise machine and get the performance and power efficiency in exchange. Perhaps in a few more decades when analogue is so old and outdated, it becomes cool again for the Elons of the world to invest in something like that.
Quantum computers always seemed like a really advanced form of analog computing to me. What do you think, would you consider them one as well?
Thank you for the informative video. I'm currently taking an introductory quantum computing course in my senior year, i've always wanted to go deeper into this area and taking the course made me want it even more. I'm even considering to pursue master's degree on quantum computing.
Another issue with quantum computers is that the set of problems for which the best known quantum algorithm is significantly faster than the best known regular algorithm is relatively small. A qbit might technically be able to store more information than a regular bit due to allowing for superpositions, but that does not mean that we can actually use this additional information in any meaningful way and, so far, it seems like we cannot, in most cases.
We discover new algorithms every day that benefit from quantum supremacy and we have hundreds if not thousands of advanced algorithms we have yet to test.
Is this entire comment section and video just misinformation?
i lov how you have put that to words :D
@@Atmatan_Kabbaherthey're kind of right though. There's plenty of stuff that's interesting and not a whole lot that's useful.
@@AlphaetusPrime Trust me when I say, I find this developing tech _very_ practically useful for my work.
Quantum computers are noisy; most quantum algorithms will never work, perhaps, except for some trivial ones.
This is fabulous. Fifteen minutes of inspiration, introduction and insight.
I've been following you on TH-cam for years, and I also worked at Q-CTRL in 2020-22 (was involved with their deep reinforcement learning research, among other initiatives). So cool to see both worlds collide!!
I am planning on applying for one of their roles and was wondering; how was their work culture? I could only imagine how astounding the people you work with would be.
Hi I am Ankit as a physics student,i think you spread a very useful information for us ,love from India
so what?? India is now going towards fascism
@@specialrelativity8222🤣🤣🤣🙃🙃think what you actually think
Bro I like physics. What are some high paying jobs in the field of physics ?
@@justaguywhoisanidiot159In India, none(SAD REALITY). Better opt for engineering. If you're in school, keep learning physics with interest. It's the base, more you make it strong, more you'll be benefited
@@ambarsinha9590 not in india. I will focus on international maths and physics Olympiad since I already have prepared for them. Can I get good jobs outside India ( I will try to get to mit )
thank you for this! i no longer misunderstand superposition as both states at once thanks to you.
Watching a Tibees video. Way to start the day off right!!! :D
So amazing… thank you for much clarification of the present picture of quantum computing. Awesome.
Amazing. :) It's so magical to hear you...
I passed this on to my Chinese A-level Physics students. We are currently studying quantum physics in the classroom and I know that some will go on to study computing in the UK.
very helpful - thank you
Thank you for this video, Tibees.
Quantum computers are great at Constraint Satisfaction Problems like coloring a map using a qubit for each vertex in the inverted graph representation. This means you would be able to solve for video game worlds like minecraft in a single operation rather than having to iterate thru the object. Redstone would be done in contant time as long as you had enough qubits to represent the redstone devices.
Hey ,
Darsh here .
I am a student ( special a physic student ) but I use to keep interest in astrophysics as well as in psychology , to know about different phD thesis ,...
I just feel wow after watching your videos , it was so amazing,
Nice content creator 👏
Wow, good timing! IBM just released 1000+ qubits chip this year yesterday!
Thanks for this clear explanation of the current state of quantum computing.
Morning, I've got to watch this video over and over again. Way over my head. But I'm interested.
Fascinating and so clearly explained.
Beautiful. I appreciate the comprehensive and balanced take on quantum computing. I would like nothing more than to watch Toby and Sabine Hossenfelder have a discussion around quantum computing or really any physics related topic.
Great discussion of quantum computing.
Omg I really loved the video, thanks!
Another fascinating video Tibees! I’m still searching the fourth dimension
I work for IBM Research, and this was one of the best layperson's explanations of quantum computing I've heard. Excellent work!
I love your videos Tibees
"Prediction is very difficult, especially if it's about the future." -Yogi Berra/Nils Bohr
I mean, predicting the present can be pretty hard too, if you ask Heisenberg.
Excellent video, I'm trying to understand quantum physics more and this video is so well put together. How did you make the animations? You mentioned they were from Black Opal?
Thank you! 🙏
Has there been any research for developing or understanding how different approaches to measuring a quantum state make it more or less likely to make the state unstable? Like method 1 has a 30% chance of altering the quibit, and method 2 would have a 60% chance of altering the quibit
Oh yay you’re back 👍😁
I think your sound quality has improved. I've had trouble hearing your lovely voice in some of your past videos, which was quite frustrating, as I have very much enjoyed them.
Hey Tibees, maybe you do a video on poncaire conjecture and its story, since you are doing a lot of stuff related to higher dimensions, etc.❤
Loved black opal and it's pacing
Excellent video
I think you should start an Audio book series, your voice is so peaceful to listen to 😍😍
Merry Christmas ⛄🎁
Thank you.
Didn't understand anything Tibees was saying but watched just to hear her soothing voice.
What happens when someone plugs a poorly written AI program into the 422 Qbit IBM Computer? (Especially considering the error correction issues?)
For the record, I welcome our new computer overloads!
Nothing: because you also need an interpreter which processes the programming language the AI is written in, kernel instructions which it can follow, and a clock, all of which quantum computers don't have.
Silly question: Is it possible to use a kind of known, steady quantifiable noise (like white noise when you're trying to sleep)
The compensator described in the video could act like your attention, clearing out that which is predictable and repetitive.
So...using a quantum computer to write "hello world!" Is a bit of over kill?😂
I guess writing "hello universe!" is better suited.
Using a _conventional_ computer to write "hello world" is overkill too. 🙂
More like a qbit of overkill, amirite?
Now you can say "Hello world" and "Goodbye world at the same time!
@@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721Aah I see what you did there 👀
I can watch this all day
I work on a quantum computer every day. Hoping we get to the Quantum Advantage stage soon. :)
What is the song playing in the background? It is very very soothing😌
Thanks!
Thou shalt not mess with Feynman!
Id really like to see a conversation between tibees and Lisa Randall...would be cool to have some interviews with math olympiad gold medalist also about jow they learned maths etc
Thx Toby. This is a great video. Since quantum computers require sub-zero temperatures, perhaps they may be best suited to put on future lunar missions to moon's South pole where current electronics can't survive cold temperatures, but quantum computers can still keep working during frigid lunar nights. Just thinking out loud.
Very interesting!
Between chemical and physical engineering, which course to choose? I want something that gives me many possibilities and financial return, in addition to being automation-proof. Initially I intend to do physics as an academic career but I'm in doubt...
Can u do more videos on Terrence Tao or ramanujan
13:25
That's the first step for building a Heisenberg-compensator! Beam me up, O'Brian!
Could you put a log fire in the background?
"How come cars aren't everywhere?" asked someone when the first cars came out. And it took many more years than the 42 years where you are asking "Why aren't Quantum computers everywhere" for cars to BE everywhere choking up traffic (like in LA) in ways that are unimaginable. Where there are doubts about usefulness, or use cases, this will change. So you can be "correct" by looking out at the world RIGHT NOW by saying they aren't everywhere, that is, until they are everywhere, which would then make you wrong... but, of course, that will be awhile and people will have forgotten. Convenient.
Currently watching a series called Devs. All about the possibilities of having a quantum computer.
It seems that electrons are the the particle that is needed for quantum computing. There are also photons that may be the particle needed. Noise is the greatest foe of Qubit Chips. Perhaps there are other particles that are more robust when it comes to noise.
Do thermodynamic computers next!
Obrigado pelos conteúdos que você produz. E sua voz é semelhante a um delicioso ASMR relaxante. Forte abraço aqui do Brasil.
Hehe I’m so lucky you posted on my birthday 😂
Outstanding presentation. Thanks.
Brady Haran has videos of all the right people to explain what to do to make specific Math-Physics demonstrations of how to answer the question with specific reference-framing, and then there's Scott Aronson and his specifically qualified professional opinions about Quantum Computation.
As far as the noise goes, I know of three things that weren't listed as noise reduction techniques. There might be a reason they werent used but Im curious.
In quality water bottles, you have the vacuum to prevent thermal distribution (and the chair noise for the quantum computer) and also a mirror to reflect the UV radiation.
Then the last idea would be from microwave. The mesh pattern on the front door of a microwave stops the (relatively) large waves from escaping. Can they be manufactured tightly woven enough to block cosmic rays?
If anyone has an answer to this, Id be interested in knowing more.
Despite my username, I am a serious physics major working on my associates right now. lol
Many kinds of noise cause qubits to decohere, but one particular kind of noise is commonly overlooked. In large classical systems, time-keeping has to deal with "Jitter" - a random unevenness in the rate at which clocks tick. At the quantum level, one has to deal with "Quantum Jitter" - the inherent variation in time-keeping as first explicated by Einstein in General Relativity.
We live in a cosmos permeated by gravitational fields and their associated gravitational gradients. Due to gravitational gradients, qubits separated by space are governed by their own local clocks (called "proper time"), and tiny perturbations in proper time cause qubits to progressively decohere - their phase drifts relative to their neighboring qubits, and they drift out of perfect phase-locked synchrony. The decoherence time turns out to be maddeningly brief, meaning only a very small number of computational steps can be completed before cumulative decoherence ruins the synchrony of the ensemble of qubits.
Q control looks great , I am a local (Syd AU) love to support local business.
I like your videos I study physics when I'm bored. Thank you.
I gotta ask how do you feel about that one veggie tales video being your most popular one?
Quantum computers and AI, I am intrigued what they can do in combination, looking for a video on this topic from you.
Not knowing something is the beginning of learning and knowledge.
nice quantum review
Please do an episode on Chemical Computing and / or Protein Computing.
Qubits are sort of purpose specific but if you are looking for quantum technology I would say that's everywhere. I mean if you have a QLED T.V. you have quantum technology in your house right now. There is a bunch of stuff quantum phenomenon is used for right now. People use it in warehouses to efficiently find the shortest path, in traffic control, weather stations that use quantum annealing. Your bank has a quantum key encryption network setup right now some of your money may have travelled by. Some you may not have heard of include: Radar technology that uses "tagged photons" which is quantum entanglement. LIGO has squeezed light, also entangled pairs shot at a mirror. What about regular L.E.D.s? You are shifting electrons into higher and lower orbits, isn't that quantum technology too? There is radio technology that uses Rydberg atom states that makes for an incredibly wide-range super-sensitive radio-receiver called Rydberg Atom-based Quantum RF Field Probes by folks at NIST. It's everywhere. D-Wave calls their machine a quantum computer, no q-bits but dare I say is that not a quantum computer as well?
you are my role model
Why isn't the quantum PC isolated in a vacuum? I mean, electromagnetic fields would still interact with it, and I ignore whether electricity runs in a vacuum, but if the issue is an interactive issue... of chairs in the lab, isolating the PC makes sense
Does Q-CTRL do any research in the Virtual Quantum Computing realm ? 😸
I'm pretty sure that Yuri Manin first proposed quantum computers in 1980.
With all that is going on with AI lately, I wish someone like you could explain how the large language models like ChatGPT work.
12:00 If the multiple qubits are entangled then surely they will always have the same quantum state as each other - i.e. if one changes state due to noise then they all will. Therefore making this method unworkable?
The concept of state applies to the whole entangled bunch all at once. Individual qubits don't have "state" unless you have a look at it, like with Schroedinger's cat.
🎊The gap between the digital era and the quantum era is to be verified with intrigue. Noise reduction with "multiple-qubits" mode and dynamic stabilization (temperature protection) are to be noted too. Parts of the "circuit" and whats going on with the state of the qubit continue to fascinate in addition.🐰
Favorite guy ever.
The clip at 0:35 is from his lecture on the scientific method, nothing at all to do with quantum computing. Just b-roll?
I'm educated to use Euclid's method, can you explain strong side weak side of Euclid's method??? Love your channel all my heart ❤️❤️❤️ (c;~
See his "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom." It's pretty consistent with SD RAM.
Also consider how he approached the T-symmetry of Maxwell's equations as well as sum of histories. I conjecture from this that, no matter how quantum we make computers, they won't be faster than the Shannon entropy engines we have. The universe will always have a trick up its sleeve.
I nominate Toby to be the voice of the Quantum AI of our future. Forget Alexa or Siri. She has the most amazingly soothing voice I’ve ever heard.
Thank you profusely tibees, for providing awareness on the state of development of quantum computers and an in depth analysis of their function, operation and their potential incorporation into the technological/scientific infrastructure of today's world. Thank you once again, infinitely.
Seeing the title I can answer this. In those days a lot of people made claims of stuff that realistically has not happened.
7:55 not necessarily. If a classic algorithm is linear but its quantum counterpart is logarithmic, it's worth it
Would time crystals help avoid quantum errors by reinforcing cold stabilization enabling more effective manipulation.
Toby, I've seen the bad storms you are having there in your country. I hope you are ok and didn't get any damage from it. Sorry about the lives lost. Hope to hear from you soon.
You would be a very good narrator for science documentaries. This one came out great.
Are you sure that video clip (black and white) was from 1981?
a day after ibm quantum keynote, crazy
Title should be "Why aren’t quantum computers everywhere, Dr. Feynman?"
thanks