Ankle Pain, causes, diagnosis, and treatment.

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Common Causes of Ankle Pain
We group the causes of ankle pain into four categories:
Anterior Ankle Pain (Front of the Ankle)
Anterior Lateral Impingement: Painful limitation of ankle motion caused by soft tissue thickening or a tibial bone spur impinging on the talus, restricting dorsiflexion.
Arthritis of the Ankle: Arthritis due to injury or inflammation, diagnosed through examination or X-rays.
Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talus: A small chip fracture inside the ankle that leads to pain, swelling, and stiffness.
Medial Ankle Pain (Inside of the Ankle)
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the posterior tibial nerve causes pain and numbness on the inside of the ankle. Surgery may be needed if conservative treatment fails.
Posterior Tibial Tendonitis or Rupture: Overuse, degeneration, or trauma to the posterior tibial tendon, a key foot-supporting structure. Rupture often occurs in the hypovascular area near the medial malleolus and may cause arch sagging, flatfoot deformity, and tight Achilles tendon. Symptoms include painful swelling and inability to perform a single heel-toe raise. Ruptures are often missed.
Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendonitis: Pain, swelling, and weakness behind the medial malleolus, with reduced dorsiflexion of the big toe when the ankle is dorsiflexed. Triggering and pain may occur during toe flexion.
Posterior Ankle Pain (Behind the Ankle)
Posterior Ankle Impingement (Os Trigonum): A non-united accessory bone behind the talus, causing tenderness in the posterior lateral ankle, especially during passive plantarflexion. May occur with flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tenosynovitis.
Achilles Tendonitis: Inflammation and irritation of the Achilles tendon due to overuse, causing pain and swelling. Typically treated with therapy and eccentric exercises; surgery is rarely required.
Achilles Tendon Rupture: The tendon may rupture with age, lack of use, or aggressive exercise. Diagnosed with the Thompson test or MRI. Treatment can be conservative (early functional rehab) or surgical (approximation of torn ends). Surgical risks include infection and wound complications; conservative treatment carries a high rerupture risk.
Lateral Ankle Pain (Outside of the Ankle)
Ankle Sprain:
High Ankle Sprain: A syndesmotic injury requiring surgery, involving the ligament connecting the tibia and fibula. Diagnosed with external rotation stress views or CT scans.
Low Ankle Sprain: A common collateral ligament injury that does not require surgery. Despite the pain, patients can usually walk. Treatment includes immobilization, ice, physical therapy, and rarely surgery.
Other potential causes:
Peroneal Tendon Subluxation: Caused by rupture of the superior peroneal retinaculum.
Rupture of the Peroneus Longus Tendon: Leads to displacement of the os peroneum.
Peroneal Tendinitis
Anterior Process of the Calcaneus Fracture
Lateral Process of the Talus Fracture

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[@Sroyal419]

Good evening,
I need to know what could be my problem. I was doing a one low step exercise , it wasn’t Strenuous , after about five mornings I realized my ankle felt really bad and painful so stop for a few days and start again , then I realized the same pain was back this time i got worse. The pain is In the Posterior and Lateral Joint from that day I can hardly walk. I have it banded up since then , I even went to doctor and he gave me (Diclofenac sodium tablets and Omnigel ) to massage the painful area and that’s from November 26 , 2024. He told to ease off the exercise for awhile which I already stopped doing it and watch how it goes , but it’s not getting better.
What could be the reason for this ?

[@gendennyamtsoo7551]

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